Battery pack safety structure, battery pack and electric device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a battery pack safety structure, a battery pack and an electric device, the battery pack safety structure comprises a first shell and a second shell, the second shell is accommodated in the first shell, an extrusion unit is arranged between the first shell and the second shell, and the extrusion unit is arranged in the second shell. The first shell is provided with a weak area, a first circuit is arranged in the first shell, a second circuit is arranged in the second shell, the extrusion unit is electrically connected with the second circuit, and the first circuit and the second circuit are in switchable connection through a change-over switch; when the battery pack is impacted and the first shell is damaged, the first circuit is disconnected, the change-over switch is switched to the second circuit, the extrusion unit is started to work, and the second shell and components positioned in the second shell are popped out or separated from the first shell, so that the battery pack is effectively prevented from being impacted and damaged to cause short-circuit combustion, and the service life of the battery pack is prolonged. Therefore, the safety of the battery pack is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of batteries, specifically relating to the safety structure of battery packs, battery packs, and electrical devices. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries, as a new type of rechargeable battery, have advantages such as high energy density and power density, high operating voltage, light weight, small size, long cycle life, good safety, and environmental friendliness. They have broad application prospects in portable electrical appliances, power tools, large-scale energy storage, and electric transportation power supplies.

[0003] In the existing technology, most battery pack accidents, apart from fires and explosions caused by defects in the cell manufacturing process or insufficient technical capabilities, are attributed to impacts that occur during use, resulting in damage to the battery pack, which in turn causes short circuits and fires, posing a threat to the life safety of users. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing a safe battery pack structure, battery pack, and electrical device, thereby solving the technical problem that the battery pack is easily damaged under impact, causing short circuits and combustion, which endangers the safety of users.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack safety structure, including a first housing and a second housing, the second housing being housed within the first housing, an extrusion unit being disposed between the first housing and the second housing, the first housing having a weak area, a first circuit being disposed within the first housing, a second circuit being disposed within the second housing, the extrusion unit being electrically connected to the second circuit, and the first circuit and the second circuit being switchably connected via a switching switch.

[0007] In some embodiments, the switching switch includes an insulating base, a first elastic element, and a switching element. Both the first circuit and the second circuit are connected to one end of the switching element. The insulating base is disposed on the second circuit. The insulating base and the switching element are connected by the first elastic element. A magnetic element is disposed on the first circuit. When the first circuit is in a working state, the other end of the switching element is connected to the first circuit through the magnetic element. When the first circuit is in an open circuit state, the other end of the switching element is connected to the second circuit.

[0008] In some embodiments, the extrusion unit includes an airbag, a second elastic element, and a pusher plate. The airbag is disposed on the inner wall of the first housing and is electrically connected to the second circuit. The pusher plate abuts against the outer wall of the second housing and is connected to the airbag and the pusher plate through the second elastic element.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first housing includes a first sidewall, a second sidewall, and an end wall. Two of each of the first sidewall, the second sidewall, and the end wall are provided. The two first sidewalls and the two second sidewalls are alternately connected to form the four walls of the first housing. The two end walls are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the four walls. The extrusion unit is provided on one of the two first sidewalls, and the weak area is provided on the other of the two first sidewalls.

[0010] And / or, the weak region is located on at least one of the two end walls.

[0011] In some embodiments, the weak area is an annular groove or a through hole.

[0012] In some embodiments, a buffer unit is further provided inside the second housing. The buffer unit includes a spraying mechanism and foaming adhesive disposed within the spraying mechanism. The spraying mechanism is electrically connected to the second circuit. The spraying mechanism is provided with a spray nozzle, which is disposed on the side of the spraying mechanism facing the inside of the second housing.

[0013] Alternatively, the injection port may be located on any side of the injection mechanism other than the shell wall facing the second housing.

[0014] In some embodiments, multiple spraying mechanisms are provided, and the multiple spraying mechanisms are arranged around the inner wall of the second housing.

[0015] In some embodiments, both the first circuit and the second circuit include a conductive layer and an insulating layer, the insulating layer wrapping the conductive layer, and the extrusion unit being electrically connected to the conductive layer of the second circuit.

[0016] Secondly, this utility model provides a battery pack, including a battery cell and the battery safety structure of the above embodiment, wherein at least one battery cell is provided, and at least one battery cell is disposed in the second housing.

[0017] Thirdly, this utility model provides an electrical device, including the battery pack of the above embodiments.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by this utility model are as follows:

[0019] The battery pack safety structure of this utility model utilizes the cooperation of a first shell and a second shell. The second shell is housed within the first shell and is used to house individual battery cells. A first circuit is located within the first shell, and a second circuit is located within the second shell. The first and second circuits are switchably connected via a switch. An extrusion unit is located between the first and second shells and is electrically connected to the second circuit. When the first circuit is in operation, the switch is connected to the first circuit. When the battery pack is impacted and the first shell is damaged, the first circuit is broken, the switch switches to the second circuit, the extrusion unit starts working, and ejects or detaches the second shell and its components from the first shell. This effectively prevents the battery pack from short-circuiting and burning after impact damage, thereby improving battery pack safety. Furthermore, the ejected second shell and its components, after safety processing and testing, are reusable, significantly reducing resource waste and economic losses caused by battery pack damage. In addition, the first housing has a weak area, which helps the second housing and the components located in the second housing to pop out or detach from the first housing more smoothly, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery pack.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the weak area of ​​this utility model.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion unit of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the switching switch of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer unit of this utility model.

[0027] The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0028] 100. Battery pack;

[0029] 10. Battery pack safety structure; 11. First housing; 111. First circuit; 1111. Magnetic element; 112. Weak area; 113. First sidewall; 114. Second sidewall; 115. End wall; 12. Second housing; 121. Second circuit; 13. Extrusion unit; 131. Airbag; 132. Second elastic element; 133. Push plate; 14. Switch; 141. Insulating base; 142. First elastic element; 143. Switching element; 15. Buffer unit; 151. Spraying mechanism; 152. Expanding foam; 153. Spray nozzle;

[0030] 20. Battery cell. Detailed Implementation

[0031] If certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components, those skilled in the art will understand that hardware manufacturers may use different names to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in name, but rather on differences in function. The term "comprising" as used throughout the specification and claims is an open-ended term and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." "Approximately" means that within an acceptable margin of error, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem and substantially achieve the technical effect within a certain margin of error.

[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] The following will be combined with the appendix Figures 1-5 The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0035] The electrical device of this utility model embodiment includes a battery pack 100. The electrical device can be an automobile, mobile phone, portable device, laptop, ship, spacecraft, electric toy, and power tool, etc. Automobiles can be gasoline-powered vehicles, natural gas-powered vehicles, or new energy vehicles; new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc.; spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.; electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.; power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc. This application embodiment does not impose any special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.

[0036] Please see Figures 1-5 The battery pack 100 of this utility model embodiment includes a battery cell 20 and a battery safety structure. At least one battery cell 20 is provided, and at least one battery cell 20 is disposed within the battery safety structure.

[0037] The battery pack safety structure 10 of this utility model embodiment includes a first housing 11 and a second housing 12. The second housing 12 is housed within the first housing 11. An extrusion unit 13 is disposed between the first housing 11 and the second housing 12. The first housing 11 has a weak area 112. A first circuit 111 is disposed within the first housing 11. A second circuit 121 is disposed within the second housing 12. The extrusion unit 13 is electrically connected to the second circuit 121. The first circuit 111 and the second circuit 121 can be switched between each other via a switch 14.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the battery pack safety structure 10 of this utility model embodiment utilizes the cooperation of a first housing 11 and a second housing 12. The second housing 12 is housed within the first housing 11 and is used to house the battery cell 20. A first circuit 111 is provided inside the first housing 11, and a second circuit 121 is provided inside the second housing 12. The first circuit 111 and the second circuit 121 can be switched between each other via a switch 14. An extrusion unit 13 is provided between the first housing 11 and the second housing 12, and the extrusion unit 13 is electrically connected to the second circuit 121. When the first circuit 111 is in the working state, the switch 14... Switch 14 is connected to the first circuit 111. When the battery pack 100 is impacted and the first housing 11 is damaged, the first circuit 111 is broken, and the switch 14 switches to the second circuit 121. The extrusion unit 13 starts working and ejects or detaches the second housing 12 and the components located in the second housing 12 from the first housing 11. This effectively prevents the battery pack 100 from short-circuiting and burning after impact damage, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack 100. At the same time, the ejected second housing 12 and the components located in the second housing 12 can be reused after safety processing and testing, thereby greatly reducing resource waste and significantly reducing economic losses caused by damage to the battery pack 100. In addition, the first housing 11 is provided with a weak area 112, which can help the second housing 12 and the components located in the second housing 12 to eject or detach more smoothly from the first housing 11, thereby further enhancing the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0039] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 4In some embodiments, the switching switch 14 includes an insulating base 141, a first elastic element 142, and a switching element 143. The first circuit 111 and the second circuit 121 are both connected to one end of the switching element 143. The insulating base 141 is disposed on the second circuit 121. The insulating base 141 and the switching element 143 are connected through the first elastic element 142. A magnetic element 1111 is disposed on the first circuit 111. When the first circuit 111 is in the working state, the other end of the switching element 143 is connected to the first circuit 111 through the magnetic element 1111. When the first circuit 111 is in the open circuit state, the other end of the switching element 143 is connected to the second circuit 121. The insulating base 141, the first elastic element 142, and the switching element 143 work together. The insulating base 141 and the switching element 143 are connected through the first elastic element 142. When the first circuit 111 is in operation, the switching element 143 is connected to the magnetic element 1111 of the first circuit 111 through electromagnetic effect, and the first elastic element 142 is stretched. When the first circuit 111 is open, the electromagnetic effect disappears, the first elastic element 142 resets, and the switching element 143 is connected to the second circuit 121, effectively realizing the circuit switching of the switch 14, improving the reliability of circuit switching, and thus ensuring that the second housing 12 and the components located in the second housing 12 can be ejected or detached from the first housing 11. In addition, the switch 14 uses electromagnetic effect to realize automatic circuit switching without manual intervention, thereby improving the degree of automation of the circuit.

[0040] Please see Figures 1-3 In some embodiments, the extrusion unit 13 includes an airbag 131, a second elastic element 132, and a pusher plate 133. The airbag 131 is disposed on the inner wall of the first housing 11 and is electrically connected to the second circuit 121. The pusher plate 133 abuts against the outer wall of the second housing 12, and the airbag 131 and the pusher plate 133 are connected by the second elastic element 132. Through the cooperative use of the airbag 131, the second elastic element 132, and the pusher plate 133, the airbag 131 is disposed on the inner wall of the first housing 11 and electrically connected to the second circuit 121. When the second circuit 121 is in the working state, the airbag 131 inflates and expands, driving the pusher plate 133 to eject or detach the second housing 12 and the components located in the second housing 12 from the first housing 11, effectively preventing the battery pack 100 from short-circuiting and burning after impact damage, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack 100. Meanwhile, the airbag 131 can also absorb and disperse part of the impact force during the extrusion process, reducing the direct impact of the pusher plate 133 on the second housing 12 and the components located within the second housing 12. In addition, the airbag 131 and the pusher plate 133 are connected by a second elastic member 132, and the elasticity of the second elastic member 132 also plays a role in buffering and shock absorption, thereby protecting the integrity of the extruded material and preventing the extruded material from being subjected to secondary impact.

[0041] In some embodiments, the airbag 131 includes an inflatable airbag and a gas generator corresponding to the inflatable airbag. The inflatable airbag is disposed on the inner wall of the first housing 11 and is electrically connected to the second circuit 121. When the second circuit 121 is in operation, the gas generator is activated and inflates the airbag. The expansion of the inflatable airbag drives the push plate 133 to eject or detach the second housing 12 and the components located in the second housing 12 from the first housing 11, effectively preventing the battery pack 100 from short-circuiting and burning after impact damage, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0042] Please see Figures 1-3 In some embodiments, the first housing 11 includes two first sidewalls 113, two second sidewalls 114, and two endwalls 115. Two first sidewalls 113 and two second sidewalls 114 are alternately connected to form the four walls of the first housing 11. Two endwalls 115 are respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the four walls. An extrusion unit 13 is disposed on one of the two first sidewalls 113, and a weak region 112 is disposed on the other of the two first sidewalls 113; and / or, the weak region 112 is disposed on at least one of the two endwalls 115. By setting the positions of the extrusion unit 13 and the weak region 112, with the extrusion unit 13 disposed on one of the two first sidewalls 113, the inflation force of the airbag 131 can be effectively ensured to act directly and efficiently on the push plate 133, thereby pushing the second housing 12 and its internal components to smoothly eject along a predetermined path. Meanwhile, at least one of the other first sidewall 113 and endwall 115 is provided with a weak region 112 to ensure that the first housing 11 can break rapidly and controllably along the weak region 112 when subjected to pressure applied by the push plate 133, thereby ejecting or detaching the second housing 12 and the components located within the second housing 12 from the first housing 11, effectively reducing resistance during the ejection process. Furthermore, the location of the weak region 112 effectively allows the second housing 12 and the components located within the second housing 12 to eject smoothly in a predetermined direction.

[0043] Please see Figures 2-3 In some embodiments, the weak region 112 is an annular groove or a through hole. By making the weak region 112 an annular groove or a through hole, the weak region 112 is more likely to break when subjected to pressure applied by the push plate 133, ensuring that the second housing 12 and the components located in the second housing 12 can be smoothly ejected or detached from the first housing 11.

[0044] Understandably, precise control of the fracture process can be achieved by precisely controlling the size, shape, and position of the annular groove or through-hole. This helps ensure the consistency of the fracture action and avoids equipment damage or deviation from the ejection path caused by uneven fracture.

[0045] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, a buffer unit 15 is also provided inside the second housing 12. The buffer unit 15 is located inside the second housing 12 and between the second housing 12 and the battery cell 20. When the second housing 12 and the components inside the second housing 12 are ejected or detached from the first housing 11, the buffer unit 15 can buffer and dampen the impact, preventing secondary impacts on the components inside the second housing 12 and improving the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0046] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the buffer unit 15 includes a spraying mechanism 151 and a foam adhesive 152 disposed within the spraying mechanism 151. The spraying mechanism 151 is electrically connected to the second circuit 121. The spraying mechanism 151 is provided with a spray nozzle 153, which is located on the side of the spraying mechanism 151 facing the inside of the second housing 12; or, the spray nozzle 153 is located on any side of the spraying mechanism 151 other than the side facing the shell wall of the second housing 12. Through the coordinated use of the spraying mechanism 151, the foam adhesive 152, and the spray nozzle 153, the spraying mechanism 151 is electrically connected to the second circuit 121. When the second circuit 121 is in operation, the spraying mechanism 151 is activated, and the spraying mechanism 151 sprays the foam adhesive 152 through the spray nozzle 153. The foam adhesive 152 can form an elastic and viscous sponge-like protective layer on the surface of the battery cell 20, effectively preventing secondary impacts on the components inside the second housing 12 and improving the safety of the battery pack 100. In addition, the spray nozzle 153 of the spray mechanism 151 can be located on the side of the spray mechanism 151 facing the inside of the second housing 12, or it can be located on any side of the spray mechanism 151 other than the housing wall facing the second housing 12, which effectively improves the flexible arrangement of the spray nozzle 153.

[0047] Specifically, foam 152 is a polyurethane elastic sealing foam material, usually referred to as polyurethane foam material. Polyurethane foam material includes polyurethane prepolymer, foaming agent, and catalyst. When these components are mixed and chemically reacted under appropriate conditions, a large amount of foam is generated, forming a foam material with excellent elasticity, sealing and adhesion.

[0048] Please see Figures 1-2In some embodiments, multiple spraying mechanisms 151 are provided, arranged around the inner wall of the second housing 12. By having multiple spraying mechanisms 151 arranged around the inner wall of the second housing 12, a comprehensive and uniform protective layer can be formed on the surface of the battery cell 20. This helps prevent damage to components inside the second housing 12 from external impacts due to uneven protective layer thickness or gaps. Furthermore, the simultaneous operation of multiple spraying mechanisms 151 can form a more stable and reliable protective layer. Even if one spraying mechanism 151 malfunctions or its spraying effect is poor, the other spraying mechanisms 151 can still provide effective protection, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0049] In some embodiments, both the first circuit 111 and the second circuit 121 include a conductive layer and an insulating layer. The insulating layer encapsulates the conductive layer, and the extrusion unit 13 is electrically connected to the conductive layer of the second circuit 121. Through the combined use of the conductive layer and the insulating layer, the insulating layer encapsulates the conductive layer. This encapsulation not only protects the conductive layer from external damage, ensuring it operates at its optimal state and thus improving conductivity, but also prevents accidental contact between the conductive layer and other components, which could lead to a short circuit in the first circuit 111 or the second circuit 121, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack 100.

[0050] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack safety structure, characterized by: The first shell (11) and the second shell (12) are provided with an extrusion unit (13), the first shell (11) is provided with a weak area (112), the first shell (11) is provided with a first circuit (111), the second shell (12) is provided with a second circuit (121), the extrusion unit (13) is electrically connected with the second circuit (121), and the first circuit (111) and the second circuit (121) are switchably connected through a switching switch (14).

2. The battery pack safety structure of claim 1, wherein: The switching switch (14) includes an insulating base (141), a first elastic piece (142) and a switching element (143), one end of the switching element (143) is connected with the first circuit (111) and the second circuit (121), the insulating base (141) is arranged on the second circuit (121), the first elastic piece (142) is arranged between the insulating base (141) and the switching element (143), a magnetic element (1111) is arranged on the first circuit (111), when the first circuit (111) is in a working state, the other end of the switching element (143) is connected with the first circuit (111) through the magnetic element (1111), and when the first circuit (111) is in a disconnected state, the other end of the switching element (143) is connected with the second circuit (121).

3. The battery pack safety structure of claim 1, wherein: The extrusion unit (13) includes a safety air bag (131), a second elastic piece (132) and a push plate (133), the safety air bag (131) is arranged on the inner wall of the first shell (11), the safety air bag (131) is electrically connected with the second circuit (121), the push plate (133) abuts against the outer wall of the second shell (12), and the safety air bag (131) and the push plate (133) are connected through the second elastic piece (132).

4. The battery pack safety structure of claim 1, wherein: The first shell (11) includes a first side wall (113), a second side wall (114) and an end wall (115), the first side wall (113), the second side wall (114) and the end wall (115) are provided with two, the four walls of the first shell (11) are formed by alternately connecting the two first side walls (113) and the two second side walls (114), and the two end walls (115) are arranged at the top and the bottom of the four walls, wherein the extrusion unit (13) is arranged on one of the two first side walls (113), and the weak area (112) is arranged on the other of the two first side walls (113). The weak area (112) is arranged on at least one of the two end walls (115).

5. The battery pack safety structure of claim 4, wherein: The weak area (112) is an annular groove or a through hole.

6. The battery pack safety structure of claim 1, wherein: The second shell (12) is further provided with a buffer unit (15) therein, the buffer unit (15) comprises a spraying mechanism (151) and a foaming glue (152) arranged in the spraying mechanism (151), the spraying mechanism (151) is electrically connected with the second circuit (121), wherein the spraying mechanism (151) is provided with a spraying port (153), the spraying port (153) is arranged on a side of the spraying mechanism (151) facing the second shell (12). Or, the spraying port (153) is arranged on any side of the spraying mechanism (151) except the side facing the shell wall of the second shell (12).

7. The battery pack safety structure of claim 6, wherein: The spraying mechanism (151) is provided with a plurality of spraying mechanisms (151), and the plurality of spraying mechanisms (151) are arranged around the inner wall of the second shell (12).

8. The battery pack safety structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by: The first circuit (111) and the second circuit (121) each comprise a conductive layer and an insulating layer, the insulating layer wraps the conductive layer, and the extrusion unit (13) is electrically connected with the conductive layer of the second circuit (121).

9. A battery pack, characterized by: The battery pack safety structure comprises a battery monomer (20) and the battery pack safety structure according to any one of claims 1-8, and the battery monomer (20) is provided with at least one battery monomer (20) arranged in the second shell (12).

10. An electrical device, characterized by: The battery pack comprises the battery pack according to claim 9.

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