Low-temperature heat exchanger and low-temperature thermostat

Abstract

The utility model provides a low-temperature heat exchanger and a low-temperature thermostat. The low-temperature heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger core, a heat exchanger shell and a cold head. The heat exchanger core is arranged in the heat exchanger shell, and the cold head is connected with the heat exchanger shell. The heat exchanger core internally comprises a first flow channel composed of a plurality of holes extending in the axial direction, and an inlet of the first flow channel is used for guiding in cooling fluid. The surface of the heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of protruding structures, the surface of the heat exchanger core and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell form a second flow channel, and an outlet of the second flow channel is used for guiding out cooling fluid. The heat exchanger core comprises a through hole, and the through hole communicates with an outlet of the first flow channel and an inlet of the second flow channel. According to the structure of the first flow channel and the second flow channel in the low-temperature heat exchanger, the heat exchange area between the refrigerating fluid and the low-temperature heat exchanger can be increased, the heat exchange temperature difference between the refrigerating fluid and the low-temperature heat exchanger can be reduced, and the heat exchange efficiency of the low-temperature heat exchanger is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of refrigeration technology, specifically relating to a low-temperature heat exchanger and a low-temperature thermostat. Background Technology

[0002] This section is intended to provide background or context for the embodiments of this application as set forth in the claims. The description herein is not intended to be a prior art simply because it is included in this section.

[0003] A cryogenic thermostat is a heat exchange device that can provide low and uniform temperatures. It is used to conduct constant temperature tests or examinations on test samples or manufactured products. It can also be used as a cold source for direct refrigeration and auxiliary refrigeration. Cryogenic thermostats have a wide range of applications, including research departments, universities, and enterprise quality control and production departments in fields such as petroleum, chemical, electronic instrumentation, physics, chemistry, bioengineering, medicine and health, life sciences, light industry and food, materials characterization, physical property testing, and chemical analysis.

[0004] Cryostats typically utilize liquid nitrogen or liquid helium as the cryogenic medium, enabling rapid cooling to the liquid nitrogen or liquid helium temperature range. Their working principle involves rapid heat exchange between liquid nitrogen or liquid helium and a cryogenic heat exchanger within the cryostat, lowering the temperature of the cryostat's cold head. A temperature controller, through its internal fuzzy control system, adjusts the heating output power to rapidly change the temperature of the cryostat's cold head within a preset temperature range, such as 4K-350K, and quickly stabilize it at a set value. In some embodiments, if a pressure-reducing device is added to the cryostat, the temperature of the cold head can be lowered to below 4K. Furthermore, because cryostats operate in the ultra-low temperature range, the system has very strict requirements for heat leakage. The size of the cryogenic heat exchanger should not be too large; a more compact structure is better. The heat exchange performance of the cryogenic heat exchanger is crucial to the overall heat exchange efficiency and economy of the cryostat.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a low-temperature heat exchanger with better heat exchange performance. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, a low-temperature heat exchanger and a low-temperature thermostat are proposed, which can solve the aforementioned problems.

[0007] This application provides the following solutions.

[0008] In a first aspect, this application provides a low-temperature heat exchanger, comprising: a heat exchanger core, a heat exchanger shell, and a cold head;

[0009] The heat exchanger core is located inside the heat exchanger shell, and the cold head is connected to the heat exchanger shell;

[0010] The heat exchanger core comprises a first flow channel composed of a plurality of axially extending holes, and an inlet of the first flow channel is used for guiding the cooling fluid to flow in;

[0011] The surface of the heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of protruding structures, and the surface of the heat exchanger core and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell form a second flow channel, and an outlet of the second flow channel is used for guiding the cooling fluid to flow out;

[0012] The heat exchanger core comprises a through hole, and the through hole is connected with the outlet of the first flow channel and the inlet of the second flow channel.

[0013] In some possible embodiments, the plurality of protruding structures comprises a plurality of axially extending micro-ribs, and the plurality of micro-ribs are arranged in a circumferential direction on the surface of the heat exchanger core;

[0014] Two adjacent micro-ribs on the surface of the heat exchanger core and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell form a sandwich channel, and a plurality of sandwich channels form the second flow channel.

[0015] In some possible embodiments, the plurality of micro-ribs are provided with a plurality of micro-rib notches in the axial direction, and the gaps formed by the plurality of micro-rib notches are connected with the plurality of sandwich channels.

[0016] In some possible embodiments, the plurality of micro-ribs are provided with the micro-rib notches at the same position in the axial direction.

[0017] In some possible embodiments, the heat exchanger core comprises a heat exchanger outer core, a plurality of heat exchanger inner cores and a plurality of inner core separators;

[0018] The surface of the heat exchanger outer core comprises a plurality of protruding structures, and the surface of the heat exchanger outer core and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell form the second flow channel;

[0019] The heat exchanger outer core is internally provided with a cavity, the heat exchanger inner cores and the inner core separators are arranged in the axial direction in the cavity of the heat exchanger outer core, and the inner core separators are arranged between two heat exchanger inner cores;

[0020] The heat exchanger inner core comprises a plurality of axially extending holes, and the inner core separator comprises an axially extending cavity.

[0021] In some possible embodiments, the heat exchanger inner core is provided with a positioning protrusion in the radial direction, and the low-temperature heat exchanger separator is provided with a positioning protrusion in the radial direction;

[0022] The heat exchanger outer core is provided with a positioning groove on the inner wall, and the positioning groove and the positioning protrusion are embedded with each other.

[0023] In some possible embodiments, the inner core separator is arranged between two adjacent heat exchanger inner cores.

[0024] In some possible embodiments, the axial thickness of the heat exchanger inner core is between 2mm and 10mm.

[0025] In some possible embodiments, the axial thickness of the inner core spacer ring is between 2mm and 10mm.

[0026] In some possible embodiments, the through hole is arranged at one end of the heat exchanger core close to the cold head.

[0027] In some possible embodiments, the plurality of axial holes includes a plurality of circular holes.

[0028] In some possible embodiments, the plurality of axial holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.

[0029] In some possible embodiments, the plurality of axial holes are arranged in multiple layers in the radial direction.

[0030] In a second aspect, the present application provides a low-temperature thermostat, the low-temperature thermostat comprising the low-temperature heat exchanger and the constant-temperature pipeline as described above.

[0031] The constant-temperature pipeline comprises an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline arranged outside the inner pipeline.

[0032] The inner pipeline is used to introduce cooling fluid into the low-temperature heat exchanger, and the outer pipeline is used to export cooling fluid from the low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0033] In some possible embodiments, the inner pipeline is directly connected to the inlet of the first flow channel, and the outer pipeline is directly connected to the outlet of the second flow channel.

[0034] In some possible embodiments, the inner pipeline is connected to the inlet of the first flow channel through a hose, and the outer pipeline is connected to the outlet of the second flow channel through a hose.

[0035] One of the advantages of the above-mentioned embodiments is that the present application provides a low-temperature heat exchanger, which comprises a heat exchanger core, a heat exchanger shell and a cold head; the inside of the heat exchanger core comprises a first flow channel composed of a plurality of axial holes, and the inlet of the first flow channel is used to introduce cooling fluid; the outside of the heat exchanger core is provided with a heat exchanger shell, the surface of the heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of protruding structures, the surface of the heat exchanger core and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell form a second flow channel, and the outlet of the second flow channel is used to export cooling fluid; the heat exchange end of the heat exchanger core comprises a through hole, the through hole communicates the outlet of the first flow channel and the inlet of the second flow channel, and the cold head is connected to the heat exchange end of the heat exchanger core.

[0036] The low-temperature heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present application adopts a combination of a first flow channel and a second flow channel, wherein the first flow channel is composed of a plurality of axially extending holes, and the second flow channel is composed of a surface of a heat exchanger core body including a plurality of protruding structures and an inner surface of a heat exchanger shell. The structure of the first flow channel and the second flow channel in the embodiment of the present application can increase the heat exchange area between the refrigeration fluid and the low-temperature heat exchanger, is conducive to reducing the heat exchange temperature difference between the refrigeration fluid and the low-temperature heat exchanger, and improves the heat exchange efficiency of the low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0037] Other advantages of the present application will be described in more detail in conjunction with the following description and drawings.

[0038] It should be understood that the above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present application, so as to enable a clearer understanding of the technical means of the present application, so that the content of the description can be implemented. In order to make the above and other purposes, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application are described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] The advantages and benefits described herein, as well as other advantages and benefits, will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments. The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating exemplary embodiments only and are not to be considered as limiting of the present application. Moreover, in the entire drawings, the same reference numerals are used for the same components. In the drawings:

[0040] Figure 1 A perspective view of a low-temperature heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger core body provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 3 A perspective view of a heat exchanger core body provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a low-temperature heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 5 A perspective view of another heat exchanger core body provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 6 A perspective view of another low-temperature heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger inner core provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger outer core provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 9 Another cross-sectional view of a low-temperature heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of a low-temperature thermostat provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 11 A perspective view of a low-temperature thermostat provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 12 Another cross-sectional view of a low-temperature thermostat provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] In the drawings, the components represented by the same reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0053] Cold head 1; heat exchanger core 2; heat exchanger shell 3; inlet of first flow channel 5; outlet of second flow channel 4; protruding structure 21; axially extending hole 22; through hole 23; interlayer channel 24; micro-rib gap 25; outer core of heat exchanger 201; inner core partition ring 202; inner core of heat exchanger 203; positioning protrusion 204; positioning groove 205; low-temperature heat exchanger 101; thermostat pipeline 102; inner pipeline 112; outer pipeline 122.

[0054] In the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be embodied in various forms without being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.

[0056] In the description of embodiments of the present application, it will be understood that terms such as "including" or "having," etc., are intended to indicate that there are possibilities that features, numbers, steps, actions, parts, or combinations thereof disclosed in the specification are present, and do not exclude the presence of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, parts, or combinations thereof. The terms "first", "second", etc. are used only to facilitate the description of the same or similar technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or quantity of the technical features. Therefore, the features defined by "first", "second", etc. can be explicitly or implicitly included one or more of such features. In the description of embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of the term "a plurality of" is two or more than two.

[0057] Unless otherwise defined, “or” means “and / or”, for example, A or / and B can mean A or B or both A and B. “And / or” as used herein is to be taken as a separate listing of the items that are being described, for example, A and / or B can mean A alone, B alone, or A and B together. Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper” and the like, can be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientations depicted in the figures.

[0058] In addition, it should be noted that the embodiments and the features in the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0059] Referring to Figure 1 , the figure is a perspective view of a low-temperature heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Referring to Figure 2 , the figure is a cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger core provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] Referring to Figure 3 , the figure is a perspective view of a heat exchanger core provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0062] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a low-temperature heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present application comprises a heat exchanger core 2, a heat exchanger shell 3 and a cold head 1.

[0063] The heat exchanger core 2 is arranged inside the heat exchanger shell 3, and the cold head 1 is connected to the heat exchanger shell 3.

[0064] The heat exchanger core 2 comprises a first flow channel composed of a plurality of axially extending holes 22 inside the heat exchanger core 2, and an inlet of the first flow channel is used to introduce cooling fluid.

[0065] The heat exchanger core 2 is arranged inside the heat exchanger shell 3, and the cold head 1 is connected to the heat exchanger shell 3.

[0066] The heat exchanger core 2 comprises a through hole 23, which is in communication with an outlet of the first flow channel and an inlet of the second flow channel.

[0067] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the heat exchanger shell 3 is connected to the cold head 1, and the heat exchanger core 2 can also be connected to the cold head 1. The through hole 23 in this embodiment can be located at the end of the heat exchanger core near the cold head. The through hole 23 in this embodiment can be a hole structure that can be located on the heat exchanger core 2, or it can be a gap formed by the heat exchanger core 2 and an adjacent structure, such as the gap between the heat exchanger core 2 and the cold head 1. This embodiment does not limit the scope of the application; any structure that can connect the first flow channel and the second flow channel can achieve the effects mentioned in this application.

[0068] In this embodiment of the application, when the through hole 23 is located at the end of the heat exchanger core near the cold head, such as Figure 4 As shown, the refrigerant enters the cryogenic heat exchanger from the inlet 5 of the first flow channel, flows through the first flow channel, then flows into the second flow channel through the through-hole 23, and exits the cryogenic heat exchanger from the outlet 4 of the second flow channel. As an example, the through-hole 23 can be arranged in the radial direction along the circumference.

[0069] Therefore, the cryogenic heat exchanger provided in this application embodiment adopts a combination of a first flow channel and a second flow channel. The first flow channel consists of multiple axially extending holes, and the second flow channel consists of the surface of a heat exchanger core including multiple protruding structures and the inner surface of a heat exchanger shell. The structure of the first and second flow channels in this application embodiment can increase the heat exchange area between the refrigerant and the cryogenic heat exchanger, which is beneficial to reducing the heat exchange temperature difference between the cryogenic fluid and the cryogenic heat exchanger and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the cryogenic heat exchanger.

[0070] The multiple protrusion structures on the surface of the heat exchanger core in this application embodiment have various possible implementations. The multiple protrusion structures on the surface of the heat exchanger core provided in this application embodiment will be described exemplarily below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment of the application, the multiple protruding structures 21 in the heat exchanger core include multiple axially extending microribs, which are arranged circumferentially on the surface of the heat exchanger core; two adjacent microribs on the surface of the heat exchanger core and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell form a sandwich channel 24, and the multiple sandwich channels 24 form a second flow channel. As another possible implementation, such as Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment of the application, the multiple microribs may also be provided with multiple microrib notches 25 in the axial direction, and the gaps formed by the multiple microrib notches 25 connect multiple interlayer channels 24. In some embodiments, the multiple microribs are provided with microrib notches 25 at the same position in the axial direction.

[0072] It should be noted that the gaps formed by the plurality of micro-rib notches can be connected to the plurality of interlayer channels. In actual applications, because the second channel includes a plurality of interlayer channels, the flow rates of the cooling fluid in different interlayer channels can be quite different, thereby resulting in a lower heat exchange efficiency of the cryogenic heat exchanger. The refrigerant fluid is subjected to multiple flow distribution by the micro-rib notches, which is conducive to uniform distribution of the flow in each flow channel. The uniform distribution of the flow in each flow channel enables sufficient heat exchange between the refrigerant fluid and the heat exchanger core, thereby reducing the temperature of the heat exchanger core. The reduced temperature of the heat exchanger core causes the temperature of the cold head to be correspondingly reduced through the heat conduction between the heat exchanger core and the cold head, thereby increasing the heat exchange efficiency of the cryogenic heat exchanger.

[0073] The heat exchanger core in the embodiments of the present application has a plurality of possible implementations, which will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0074] In the embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 2 , the plurality of axial holes 22 in the heat exchanger core 2 can include a plurality of circular holes. The plurality of axial holes can be uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The plurality of axial holes can also be arranged in multiple layers in the radial direction. Because the second flow channel composed of the plurality of axial holes 22 has a large number of micro-flow channels, the contact area between the fluid and the heat exchanger core is large, which can increase the heat exchange area between the refrigerant fluid and the cryogenic heat exchanger, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the cryogenic fluid and the cryogenic heat exchanger and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the cryogenic heat exchanger.

[0075] As shown in Figure 3 , the heat exchanger core in the embodiments of the present application can be a whole. As another possible implementation, as shown in Figure 6 , the heat exchanger core 2 in the embodiments of the present application can also include a heat exchanger outer core 201, a plurality of heat exchanger inner cores 203, and a plurality of inner core separators 202; the surface of the heat exchanger outer core 201 includes a plurality of protruding structures 21, and the surface of the heat exchanger outer core 201 and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell 3 form a second flow channel; the heat exchanger outer core 201 is internally provided with a cavity, the heat exchanger inner cores 203 and the inner core separators 202 are arranged in the axial direction in the cavity of the heat exchanger outer core 201, and the inner core separators 202 are arranged between two heat exchanger inner cores 203; the heat exchanger inner core 203 includes a plurality of axially extending holes 22, and the inner core separator 202 includes an axially extending cavity. As a possible implementation, the embodiments of the present application can be provided with an inner core separator 202 between two adjacent heat exchanger inner cores 203.

[0076] In the embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the inner core 203, the inner core spacer ring 202 and the outer core 201 of the heat exchanger can be assembled into an integrated body by interference fit. As a possible implementation, the inner core 203 of the heat exchanger is provided with a positioning protrusion 204 in the radial direction, and the low-temperature heat exchanger spacer ring 202 can also be provided with a positioning protrusion equivalent to the inner core of the heat exchanger in the radial direction. The outer core 202 of the heat exchanger is provided with a positioning groove 205 on the inner wall, and the positioning groove 205 and the positioning protrusion 204 are embedded with each other. As an example, the axial thickness of the inner core of the heat exchanger is between 2mm-10mm, and the axial thickness of the inner core spacer ring can also be between 2mm-10mm.

[0077] It should be noted that, as Figure 9 As shown, the refrigeration fluid enters the plurality of micro flow channels corresponding to the plurality of hole groups in the inner core 203 of the heat exchanger through the inlet 5 of the first flow channel. Due to the large number of micro flow channels, the contact area is large, and the refrigeration fluid flows through the inner core 203 and the inner core spacer ring 202 alternately, so that the refrigeration fluid is redistributed in the flow process multiple times, so that the flow rate of the refrigeration fluid in each micro flow channel is consistent, that is, the refrigeration fluid and the heat exchanger core can be fully heat exchanged, thereby reducing the temperature of the heat exchanger core. The temperature reduction of the heat exchanger core makes the temperature of the cold head correspondingly reduced through the heat conduction between the heat exchanger core and the cold head, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0078] In the embodiments of the present application, the heat exchanger shell 3 and the outer core 201 of the heat exchanger can be connected with the cold head 1 respectively. As an example, the heat exchanger shell 3, the outer core 201 of the heat exchanger and the cold head 1 can be connected into an integrated structure with a closed space by a welding process.

[0079] In summary, the low-temperature heat exchanger provided by the embodiments of the present application adopts the combination of the first flow channel and the second flow channel, wherein the first flow channel is composed of a plurality of axially extending holes, and the second flow channel is composed of the surface of the heat exchanger core including a plurality of protruding structures and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell. In the embodiments of the present application, the first flow channel and the second flow channel both include a plurality of micro flow channels. Due to the large number of micro flow channels, the contact area between the fluid and the heat exchanger core is large, which can increase the heat exchange area between the refrigeration fluid and the low-temperature heat exchanger, thereby reducing the heat exchange temperature difference between the low-temperature fluid and the low-temperature heat exchanger and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the low-temperature heat exchanger. Moreover, the inner core spacer ring can be provided to make the flow rate of the refrigeration fluid in each micro flow channel in the first flow channel uniform, and the micro-rib gap can also be provided to make the flow rate of the refrigeration fluid in each micro flow channel in the second flow channel uniform, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0080] According to the low-temperature heat exchanger provided in the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present application also provide a low-temperature thermostat.

[0081] As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 The low-temperature thermostat provided by the embodiments of the present application includes the low-temperature heat exchanger 101 and the constant-temperature pipeline 102 in the above embodiments. The constant-temperature pipeline 102 includes an inner pipeline 112 and an outer pipeline 122 arranged outside the inner pipeline; the inner pipeline 112 is used to introduce cooling fluid into the low-temperature heat exchanger, and the outer pipeline 122 is used to lead out the cooling fluid from the low-temperature heat exchanger 101.

[0082] As shown in Figure 10 The inner pipeline 112 in the embodiments of the present application can be directly connected to the inlet of the first flow channel, and the outer pipeline 122 can be directly connected to the outlet of the second flow channel. As another possible implementation, as shown in Figure 12 The inner pipeline 112 in the embodiments of the present application can also be connected to the inlet of the first flow channel through a hose, and the outer pipeline 122 can be connected to the outlet of the second flow channel through a hose.

[0083] It should be noted that the low-temperature thermostat in the embodiments of the present application can include various components of the above-mentioned embodiments of the low-temperature heat exchanger and achieve the same effects and functions, which will not be described here.

[0084] Although the illustrative embodiments of the present application have been described and illustrated in detail in the accompanying drawings and the foregoing description, they should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and it should be understood that only certain exemplary embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that are within the spirit of the claimed invention are intended to be embraced by the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that while the use of words such as "preferably", "preferably", "preferably" or "more preferably" in the above description indicates that the features so described can be more desirable, it can not be necessary and embodiments can be envisaged without these features, within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. When reading the claims, the use of words such as "one", "one", "at least one" or "at least one part" is not intended to limit the claims to only one item, unless specifically stated in the claims. When the language "at least one part" and / or "a part" is used, the item can include a part and / or the whole item, unless specifically stated to the contrary.

[0085] Although the spirit and principles of the present application have been described above with reference to several specific embodiments, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the disclosed specific embodiments, and the division of aspects does not mean that the features in these aspects cannot be combined. The present application is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included in the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A cryogenic heat exchanger, characterized by, The low-temperature heat exchanger comprises: a heat exchanger core, a heat exchanger shell and a cold head; the heat exchanger core is arranged inside the heat exchanger shell, and the cold head is connected to the heat exchanger shell; the inside of the heat exchanger core comprises a first flow channel composed of a plurality of axially extending holes, and the inlet of the first flow channel is used for guiding the cooling fluid; the surface of the heat exchanger core comprises a plurality of protruding structures, and the surface of the heat exchanger core and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell form a second flow channel, and the outlet of the second flow channel is used for guiding the cooling fluid; the heat exchanger core comprises a through hole, and the through hole communicates the outlet of the first flow channel and the inlet of the second flow channel.

2. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of protruding structures comprises a plurality of axially extending micro-ribs, and the plurality of micro-ribs are arranged in the circumferential direction on the surface of the heat exchanger core; two adjacent micro-ribs on the surface of the heat exchanger core and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell form a sandwich channel, and a plurality of sandwich channels form the second flow channel.

3. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 2, wherein, The plurality of micro-ribs are provided with a plurality of micro-rib notches in the axial direction, and the gaps formed by the plurality of micro-rib notches communicate a plurality of sandwich channels.

4. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein, The plurality of micro-ribs are provided with micro-rib notches at the same position in the axial direction.

5. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein, The heat exchanger core comprises a heat exchanger outer core, a plurality of heat exchanger inner cores and a plurality of inner core separators; the surface of the heat exchanger outer core comprises a plurality of protruding structures, and the surface of the heat exchanger outer core and the inner surface of the heat exchanger shell form a second flow channel; the inside of the heat exchanger outer core is provided with a cavity, and the heat exchanger inner cores and the inner core separators are arranged in the axial direction in the cavity of the heat exchanger outer core, and the inner core separators are arranged between two heat exchanger inner cores; the heat exchanger inner core comprises a plurality of axially extending holes, and the inner core separator comprises an axially extending cavity.

6. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 5, wherein, The heat exchanger inner core is provided with a positioning protrusion in the radial direction, and the low-temperature heat exchanger separator is provided with the positioning protrusion in the radial direction; the heat exchanger outer core is provided with a positioning groove on the inner wall, and the positioning groove and the positioning protrusion are embedded with each other.

7. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 5, wherein, An inner core separator is arranged between two adjacent heat exchanger inner cores.

8. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 5, wherein, The axial thickness of the heat exchanger inner core is between 2mm and 10mm.

9. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 5, wherein, The axial thickness of the inner core separator is between 2mm and 10mm.

10. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein, The through hole is arranged at one end of the heat exchanger core close to the cold head.

11. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of axial holes comprise a plurality of circular holes.

12. The cryogenic heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of axial holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction.

13. The cryogenic heat exchanger of any of claims 1-12, wherein, The plurality of axial holes are arranged in multiple layers in the radial direction.

14. A cryostat characterized by, The low-temperature thermostat comprises the low-temperature heat exchanger and a thermostat pipeline according to any one of claims 1-12; the thermostat pipeline comprises an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline arranged outside the inner pipeline; the inner pipeline is used for guiding the cooling fluid into the low-temperature heat exchanger, and the outer pipeline is used for guiding the cooling fluid out of the low-temperature heat exchanger.

15. The cryostat of claim 14, wherein, The inner pipeline is directly connected to the inlet of the first flow channel, and the outer pipeline is directly connected to the outlet of the second flow channel.

16. The cryostat of claim 14, wherein, The inner pipeline is connected to the inlet of the first flow channel through a hose, and the outer pipeline is connected to the outlet of the second flow channel through a hose.

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