Output energy management circuit for friction nanogenerator

Abstract

The utility model provides an output energy management circuit for a friction nano-generator. The output energy management circuit comprises a commutator circuit and an energy storage sub-circuit which are connected with the friction nano-generator. The output end of the commutator circuit comprises a first output end and a second output end; the energy storage sub-circuit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first diode, an inductor, a selective switch and a breakdown device; two ends of the first capacitor are electrically connected with the first output end and the second output end respectively; the selective switch comprises a fixed end, a first connecting end and a second connecting end, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the fixed end, and the anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the first connecting end through the first output end, the second capacitor and the inductor in sequence and is electrically connected with the second connecting end through the first output end, the first capacitor, the second output end and the breakdown device; different output modes are provided by switching the connection between the fixed end and the first connecting end and the connection between the fixed end and the second connecting end. By arranging the circuit, a continuous and stable power supply can be provided for the load.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of triboelectric nanogenerators, and particularly relates to an output energy management circuit for a triboelectric nanogenerator. BACKGROUND

[0002] A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a device that collects energy from the environment and converts it into electrical energy based on the principle of Maxwell displacement current. With the rapid development of 5G networks and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, a large number of sensors widely distributed in large-scale sensor networks require reliable energy supply. However, frequent battery replacement not only increases maintenance costs, but also is not conducive to environmental protection. The use of TENG reduces the dependence of small sensor devices on traditional chemical batteries and other energy sources, and as an environmentally friendly and economical energy supply end, has gradually been applied in large-scale sensor networks to reduce use costs. TENG converts energy from the environment into electrical energy through contact electrochemistry and electrostatic induction, and has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, long service life, simple structure and strong expansibility.

[0003] However, the TENG technology still has some problems. On the one hand, the output current of the TENG is low, usually only in the order of microamperes, which limits its direct power supply capability; on the other hand, it is greatly affected by external mechanical energy input. The external energy input is usually discontinuous in the form of pulses, which leads to unstable and intermittent TENG output current, making the continuity and stability of the TENG poor. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0004] The application provides an output energy management circuit for a triboelectric nanogenerator to solve the problem of poor continuity and stability of power supply of the triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0005] The application provides an output energy management circuit for a triboelectric nanogenerator, which comprises a rectifier circuit and an energy storage sub-circuit; the input end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the triboelectric nanogenerator, and the output end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the energy storage sub-circuit.

[0006] The output end of the rectifier circuit comprises a first output end and a second output end; the energy storage sub-circuit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first diode, an inductor, a selection switch and a breakdown device.

[0007] The two ends of the first capacitor are electrically connected with the first output end and the second output end respectively; the selection switch comprises a fixed end, a first connecting end and a second connecting end, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the fixed end; the anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the first connecting end in sequence through the first output end, the second capacitor, the inductor and the first connecting end; the anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the second connecting end in sequence through the first output end, the first capacitor, the second output end and the breakdown device;

[0008] Different output modes are provided by switching the connection of the fixed end with the first connecting end and the second connecting end.

[0009] In some possible embodiments, the energy storage sub-circuit further comprises a resistance and a on-off switch, one end of the resistance is electrically connected with the second capacitor, and the other end of the resistance is electrically connected with the second connecting end through the on-off switch.

[0010] In some possible embodiments, the output modes comprise a first output mode and a second output mode, when the fixed end of the selection switch is electrically connected with the second connecting end, the output mode is the first output mode; when the fixed end of the selection switch is electrically connected with the first connecting end, the output mode is the second output mode.

[0011] In some possible embodiments, when the output mode is the first output mode, the energy storage sub-circuit comprises the first capacitor, the first diode, the selection switch and the breakdown device.

[0012] In some possible embodiments, when the output mode is the second output mode, the energy storage sub-circuit comprises the first capacitor, the breakdown device, the second capacitor, the inductor, the resistance, the selection switch, the on-off switch and the first diode.

[0013] In some possible embodiments, the breakdown device comprises a shell and two electrodes symmetrically arranged, the electrodes are arranged in the shell, the shell is filled with a protective gas, and the breakdown voltage of the breakdown device is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the electrodes and the composition of the protective gas.

[0014] In some possible embodiments, one end of the electrode is needle-shaped, and the needle-shaped ends of the two electrodes are close to each other.

[0015] In some possible embodiments, the output current regulation range of the circuit is 1A-80A, and the output voltage regulation range of the circuit is 1V-1500V.

[0016] Optionally, the rectifier sub-circuit is a full-wave rectifier bridge.

[0017] The application provides an output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator, comprising a commutator circuit and an energy storage sub-circuit, an input end of the commutator circuit being connected to an output end of the friction nanogenerator, and an output end being connected to the energy storage sub-circuit. The output end of the commutator circuit comprises a first output end and a second output end; the energy storage sub-circuit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first diode, an inductor, a selection switch and a breakdown device; two ends of the first capacitor are respectively electrically connected to the first output end and the second output end; the selection switch comprises a fixed end, a first connecting end and a second connecting end, a cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to the fixed end, an anode of the first diode is electrically connected to the first connecting end in sequence through the first output end, the second capacitor and the inductor, and the anode of the first diode is electrically connected to the second connecting end in sequence through the first output end, the first capacitor, the second output end and the breakdown device; different output modes are provided by switching the connection of the fixed end with the first connecting end and the second connecting end. The circuit can convert the intermittent and unstable low current (microampere order) output of the TENG into a continuous and stable direct current (ampere order). By setting the circuit, the conversion efficiency of the TENG electric energy output and the actual electric energy obtained by the load can be improved, and the load can be provided with a reliable and stable power supply, so that the load can be continuously operated for a long time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the output energy management circuit for the friction nanogenerator provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the management circuit converting disordered energy into ordered energy provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 The current test schematic diagram of the output in the first output mode provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 The voltage test schematic diagram of the output in the second output mode provided by the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to examples thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, like numbers refer to like elements throughout the description. The embodiments described in the following description are not meant to be inclusive of all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, the following description is presented by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] TENG is a device based on the principle of Maxwell displacement current, which collects energy from the environment and converts it into electrical energy. The output current of TENG is low, usually only in the order of microamperes, which limits its direct power supply capability; on the other hand, it is greatly affected by external mechanical energy input, and the external energy input is often in the form of discontinuous pulses, which leads to unstable and intermittent TENG output current, making the continuity and stability of TENG poor.

[0025] To solve the problem of poor continuity and stability of the friction nanogenerator power supply, the embodiments of the present application provide an output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator, referring to Figure 1 , the circuit comprises a rectifier circuit and an energy storage sub-circuit; wherein the input end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the friction nanogenerator TENG, and the output end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to the energy storage sub-circuit.

[0026] The output end of the rectifier circuit includes a first output end A and a second output end B; the energy storage sub-circuit includes a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a first diode D5, an inductor L, a selection switch S1 and a breakdown device O.

[0027] The two ends of the first capacitor C1 are respectively electrically connected to the first output end A and the second output end B; the selection switch S1 includes a fixed end, a first connection end 1 and a second connection end 2, the cathode of the first diode D5 is electrically connected to the fixed end of the selection switch S, the anode of the first diode D5 is electrically connected to the first connection end 1 of the selection switch S in turn through the first output end A, the second capacitor C2 and the inductor L, and the anode of the first diode D5 is electrically connected to the second connection end 2 of the selection switch S in turn through the first output end A, the first capacitor C1, the second output end B and the breakdown device O. By switching the connection of the fixed end of the selection switch S1 with the first connection end 1 and the second connection end 2, different output modes are provided.

[0028] The working process of the circuit provided in the embodiments of the present application includes four stages: in the first stage, when the surface charge density of the TENG rubbing layer reaches saturation, the rubbing layer carries different charges, the charges between the contact points are not conserved, and the electrons are transferred between the bottom electrodes. Under the action of the rectifier circuit, the generated charges are input to the first capacitor C1. In the second stage, the TENG enters a balanced state, and there is no charge flow outside. The voltage of the first capacitor C1 reaches the discharge threshold of the breakdown device O, the circuit is closed, and the charges are injected from the first capacitor C1 to the second capacitor C2 and the inductor L. In the third stage, the voltage of the first capacitor C1 and the breakdown device O decreases due to breakdown, the breakdown device O is disconnected, and at the same time, the TENG charges the first capacitor C1 again. In the fourth stage, the TENG reaches balance again, and the process of the second stage is repeated.

[0029] Referring to Figure 2 , Figure 2 , the input is disordered electrical energy, and the output is ordered electrical energy. By connecting the management circuit to the output end of the TENG, the intermittent and pulse mechanical energy collected by the TENG or the energy in nature (wind energy, raindrop energy, wave energy, etc.) can be rectified by the rectifier circuit, and then the energy output of the TENG can be improved through the coupling of the first diode D5, the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, the inductor L and the breakdown device O, so as to realize the rectification, storage and stable output of energy and solve the problems of poor continuity and stability of TENG power supply.

[0030] In some embodiments, the energy storage sub-circuit further includes a resistor R and an on-off switch S2. One end of the resistor R is electrically connected to the second capacitor C2, and the other end of the resistor R is electrically connected to the second connection end 2 of the selection switch S1 through the on-off switch S2. The selection switch S2 is used to control the conduction of the resistor R. By setting the resistor R, the resistor R can play a role of current limiting in the circuit, so as to reduce the probability of damaging the elements in the circuit due to excessive current.

[0031] The output mode includes a first output mode and a second output mode. When the fixed end of the selection switch S1 is connected to the second connection end 2, the output mode is the first output mode; when the fixed end of the selection switch S1 is electrically connected to the first connection end 1, the output mode is the second output mode. In some embodiments, the selection switch S1 can be an autonomous switch to realize an autonomous on-off function and can automatically switch to the first connection end 1 or the second connection end 2.

[0032] When the output mode is the first output mode, the energy storage sub-circuit comprises a first capacitor C1, a first diode D5, a selection switch S1 and a breakdown device O. In some embodiments, the first output mode is a large-current output mode. In the first output mode, after the selection switch S1 is connected to the second connection end 2, the management circuit converts the disordered input energy into direct current through the rectifier sub-circuit and stores the direct current in the first capacitor C1. It can be understood that the first capacitor C1 is an input capacitor. The breakdown device O provided in the first output mode has a preset breakdown threshold. When the voltage of the first capacitor C1 reaches the breakdown threshold, all the charges in the first capacitor C1 are released instantaneously, realizing super-high current output. Through the synergistic effect of the first capacitor C1, the first diode D5 and the breakdown device O, the output current can reach the order of amperes.

[0033] When the output mode is the second output mode, the energy storage sub-circuit comprises a first capacitor C1, a breakdown device O, a second capacitor C2, an inductor L, a resistor R, a selection switch S1, a on-off switch S2 and a first diode D5. In some embodiments, the second output mode is a constant output mode. In the constant output mode, after the selection switch S1 is connected to the first connection end 1, the on-off switch S2 is closed, so that the second capacitor C2 and the resistor R are connected to the circuit, and energy is injected into the first diode D5, the inductor L and the second capacitor C2. It can be understood that the second capacitor C2 is an output capacitor. It should be noted that when the selection switch S1 is connected to the second connection end 2, the on-off switch S2 is opened, so that the second capacitor C2 and the resistor R are disconnected. When the breakdown device O is activated, the energy in the first capacitor C1 enters the inductor L and the second capacitor C2, respectively. The first diode D5 can prevent the energy in the inductor L from flowing back. When the breakdown device O is activated, the energy in the inductor L is gradually injected into the second capacitor C2. Under the synergistic effect of the second capacitor C2 and the resistor R, discontinuous mechanical energy is converted into stable and continuous electrical energy output, and stable power supply can be realized for a long time.

[0034] For example, referring to Figure 3 , it is measured through experiments that in the first output mode, a peak current of up to 81.2 A and a peak power of 325 kW can be output, and the power density can be up to 31 MW / m 2 . Referring to Figure 4 , in the second output mode, a voltage of 1.5 kV to 1.6 kV can be stably output, the crest factor can be up to 0.995, the energy conversion efficiency can be up to 95%, and the stable output can be maintained for more than 30 minutes.

[0035] The breakdown device O includes a housing and two electrodes symmetrically arranged in the housing, the housing is filled with a protective gas, and the breakdown device O adjusts the breakdown voltage by adjusting the distance between the electrodes and the composition of the protective gas. One end of the electrode is needle-shaped, and the needle-shaped ends of the two electrodes are close to each other. In some embodiments, the electrode can be a conductive needle, which can be made of tungsten, copper, carbon nanotubes, etc. The housing can be a glass protective housing, and the protective gas filled in the housing can be air, argon or other protective gas. By adjusting the tip distance of the electrode and the composition of the protective gas, different breakdown voltages can be adjusted, and the size of the output voltage and the output current can be controlled.

[0036] In some embodiments, the rectifier circuit can be a full-wave rectifier bridge, and the rectifier circuit includes four second diodes, wherein the second diode D1 and the second diode D2 are connected in series, the second diode D3 and the second diode D4 are connected in series, and the series-connected D1, D2 and the series-connected D3, D4 are connected in parallel. The circuit structure of the rectifier circuit can be obtained by the prior art, and the present application will not be described further. By setting the rectifier circuit, the current can flow in a specific direction, reducing the damage caused by the reverse current to the circuit.

[0037] The circuit provided by the above-mentioned embodiments has the characteristics of buffer energy storage, so that the output current regulation range of the circuit is 1A-80A, and the output voltage regulation range is 1V-1500V.

[0038] From the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present application provide an output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator, which includes a rectifier circuit and an energy storage sub-circuit, the input end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the output end of the friction nanogenerator, and the output end is connected to the energy storage sub-circuit. The output end of the rectifier circuit includes a first output end and a second output end; the energy storage sub-circuit includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first diode, an inductor, a selection switch and a breakdown device; the two ends of the first capacitor are respectively electrically connected to the first output end and the second output end; the selection switch includes a fixed end, a first connection end and a second connection end, the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected to the fixed end, the anode of the first diode is electrically connected to the first connection end through the first output end, the second capacitor and the inductor in sequence, and the anode of the first diode is electrically connected to the second connection end through the first output end, the first capacitor, the second output end and the breakdown device in sequence; different output modes are provided by switching the connection between the fixed end and the first connection end and the second connection end. The circuit can convert the high voltage and low current output by the friction nanogenerator into the adaptive voltage and current required by the load, can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the TENG, and can provide a continuous and stable power supply for the load, so that the load can be operated continuously for a long time.

[0039] The similar parts among the embodiments provided in the application can be referred to each other, the specific embodiments provided above are only several examples under the general concept of the application, and do not constitute the limitation of the protection scope of the application. Any other embodiments extended according to the application scheme without creative labor for those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. An output energy management circuit for a frictional nanogenerator, characterized in that, The application relates to a rectifier circuit and an energy storage circuit; the input end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected with the output end of a friction nanogenerator, and the output end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected with the energy storage circuit. The output end of the rectifier circuit comprises a first output end and a second output end; the energy storage circuit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first diode, an inductor, a selection switch and a breakdown device. The two ends of the first capacitor are respectively electrically connected with the first output end and the second output end; the selection switch comprises a fixed end, a first connecting end and a second connecting end, and the cathode of the first diode is electrically connected with the fixed end; the anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the first connecting end in sequence through the first output end, the second capacitor and the inductor; the anode of the first diode is electrically connected with the second connecting end in sequence through the first output end, the first capacitor, the second output end and the breakdown device. Different output modes are provided by switching the connection between the fixed end and the first connecting end and the second connecting end. The energy storage circuit further comprises a resistance and a on-off switch, one end of the resistance is electrically connected with the second capacitor, and the other end of the resistance is electrically connected with the second connecting end through the on-off switch.

2. The output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein, The output modes comprise a first output mode and a second output mode; when the fixed end of the selection switch is electrically connected with the second connecting end, the output mode is the first output mode; when the fixed end of the selection switch is electrically connected with the first connecting end, the output mode is the second output mode.

3. The output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator according to claim 2, wherein, When the output mode is the first output mode, the energy storage circuit comprises the first capacitor, the first diode, the selection switch and the breakdown device.

4. The output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator according to claim 3, wherein, When the output mode is the second output mode, the energy storage circuit comprises the first capacitor, the breakdown device, the second capacitor, the inductor, the resistance, the selection switch, the on-off switch and the first diode.

5. The output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator according to claim 3, wherein, The breakdown device comprises a shell and two symmetrical electrodes arranged in the shell, the electrodes are arranged in the shell, the shell is filled with a protective gas, and the breakdown voltage of the breakdown device is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the electrodes and the composition of the protective gas.

6. The output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator of claim 1, wherein, One end of the electrode is needle-shaped, and the needle-shaped ends of the two electrodes are close to each other.

7. The output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator according to claim 6, wherein, The output current regulation range of the circuit is 1A-80A, and the output voltage regulation range of the circuit is 1V-1500V.

8. The output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator of claim 1, wherein, The rectifier circuit is a full-wave rectifier bridge.

9. The output energy management circuit for a friction nanogenerator of claim 1, wherein, ​

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