Compensation type seeding monomer hydraulic profiling device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a compensation type seeding monomer hydraulic profiling device, which relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, solves the problem of poorer profiling precision of mechanical profiling, and comprises a headstock angle sensor, a vehicle-mounted computer and at least two seeding monomers, one bracket, two parallel upper rods, two parallel lower rods and the front end of the seeding frame of each seeding single body form a parallel four-rod profiling mechanism; the end part of a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the bottom surface of the adjusting sliding block mechanism of one seeding single body, and the end part of a cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the front end of the seeding frame of the seeding single body. Therefore, operation parameters such as the profiling amount, the adjustment precision and the adjustment speed of the profiling mechanism are changed according to the actual fluctuation condition of the operation ground, the seeding depth adjustment process is divided into pre-adjustment and precise adjustment, and high-precision synchronous profiling of the seeding single body in high-speed operation can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a compensating hydraulic contour-following device for seeding units. Background Technology

[0002] Mechanized sowing is currently the main method and means of crop cultivation. High-quality sowing is a crucial guarantee for increasing crop yield, and sowing quality directly depends on the performance of the seeder. Sowing depth is an important indicator for evaluating the sowing quality of a seeder, and consistent sowing depth is a key factor affecting crop yield and quality. Poor sowing depth consistency makes seeds more susceptible to soil pathogens and pests, inducing seed rot. In severe cases, it can even lead to seeds failing to germinate due to low soil moisture or insufficient oxygen, thus reducing the crop emergence rate. Furthermore, inconsistent sowing depth affects the uniformity of crop emergence time, thereby increasing the differences in coleoptile morphology among crops, promoting the formation of poor canopy structure, affecting emergence status, and widening the gap in the number of ears and dry matter accumulation between different plants, ultimately leading to reduced yield and quality at harvest. Therefore, stabilizing the sowing depth of the seeder and improving sowing depth consistency are key to promoting increased crop yield and income.

[0003] The contouring mechanism is a key component of a seeder. Adjusting the contouring mechanism stabilizes the furrowing depth, thereby improving seeding consistency. Contouring mechanisms are mainly divided into mechanical and hydraulic contouring. Currently, mechanical contouring is the most widely used in China. This passive contouring method is simple in composition and convenient to install and adjust, but its contouring accuracy is relatively poor. Mechanical contouring primarily uses spring contouring and generally has multiple installation positions. These positions can be adjusted according to the terrain to change the spring tension length and control the downward pressure of the seed unit, resulting in good adaptability to different operating environments. With the development of modern agriculture, passive contouring struggles to maintain adjustment accuracy when dealing with large and frequent ground undulations in high-speed operating environments. Especially since the development of conservation tillage techniques, the amount of straw residue covering the field has greatly increased, making it impossible for the seed unit to obtain sufficient downward pressure through passive contouring. Active contouring, while supplementing the downward pressure of the seed unit, can also perform real-time seeding depth control, thus gradually becoming a key research area for contouring mechanisms. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problem of poor contouring accuracy in mechanical contouring mentioned above, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a compensating hydraulic contouring device for seeding units.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A compensating hydraulic contouring device for seeding units includes: a front angle sensor 3, an on-board computer 4, and at least two seeding units. The seeder includes: a front and a body, which are connected. At least two seeding units are installed side by side on the rear side of the body. The front angle sensor 3 is installed in the middle of the front end of the front, and the on-board computer 4 is installed inside the front.

[0007] Each sowing unit includes: a sowing frame, a fixed plate 1, a support 5, a parallel lower rod 6, a parallel upper rod 7, a sowing unit angle sensor 8, and an adjusting slider mechanism 9. The left and right sides of the support 5 are respectively hinged to the front end of the sowing frame through a parallel upper rod 7 and a parallel lower rod 6. One support 5, two parallel upper rods 7, two parallel lower rods 6 and the front end of the sowing frame form a parallel four-bar linkage. The fixed plate 1 is installed on the upper end of the support 5. The adjusting slider mechanism 9 is installed on the fixed plate 1 and is set in the horizontal direction. The adjusting slider mechanism 9 can slide and adjust in the forward and backward directions. The sowing unit angle sensor 8 is installed at the front end of any one of the parallel upper rods 7.

[0008] It also includes: a hydraulic system 2, which includes: at least one hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder 101 is hinged to the bottom surface of an adjusting slider mechanism 9 of a seeding unit, and the cylinder rod end of the hydraulic cylinder 101 is hinged to the front end of the seeding frame of the seeding unit.

[0009] The hydraulic system 2, the vehicle head angle sensor 3, and the seeding unit angle sensor 8 are all connected to the vehicle-mounted computer 4, which is used to control the operation of the hydraulic system 2.

[0010] The aforementioned compensated sowing unit hydraulic contouring device includes a stubble-breaking disc, a contouring depth-limiting wheel, and a furrowing disc at the bottom of each sowing frame.

[0011] The aforementioned compensating seeding unit hydraulic contouring device also includes a seed box, a seed metering device, and a press wheel on each seeding frame.

[0012] The aforementioned compensated seeding unit hydraulic contouring device also includes a fertilizer box and fertilizer pipe on each seeding frame.

[0013] The aforementioned compensated seeding unit hydraulic contouring device, wherein the hydraulic system 2 further includes: a three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 102, a check valve 103, a variable pump 104, a filter 105, an oil tank 106, a hydraulic pump station 107, a throttle valve 108, and a pilot-operated solenoid relief valve 109. The drain ports of the filter 105 and the oil tank 106 are connected by pipelines, the inlet of the variable pump 104 and the filter 105 are connected by pipelines, the drain port of the variable pump 104 and the inlet of the check valve 103 are connected by pipelines, and the drain port of the throttle valve 108 and the return port of the oil tank 106 are connected by pipelines.

[0014] Each hydraulic cylinder 101 has two inlets connected to the drain port of the check valve 103 and the inlet port of the throttle valve 108 respectively via a three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 102.

[0015] The discharge port of the variable pump 104 is connected to the inlet of the pilot-operated solenoid relief valve 109 through a pipeline, and the discharge port of the pilot-operated solenoid relief valve 109 is connected to the return port of the oil tank 106 through a pipeline.

[0016] In the aforementioned compensated seeding unit hydraulic contouring device, the fixed plate 1 is a right-angle bent plate.

[0017] The aforementioned compensating seeding unit hydraulic contouring device includes an adjusting slider mechanism 9 comprising: a horizontal fixed frame, a horizontal sliding plate, a forward adjusting screw, and a backward adjusting screw. The horizontal sliding plate is slidably installed in the slide rail of the horizontal fixed frame. At least two forward adjusting screws are installed on the front side of the horizontal fixed frame, and at least two backward adjusting screws are installed on the rear side of the horizontal fixed frame. The screw ends of the two forward adjusting screws abut against the front end face of the horizontal sliding plate, and the two backward adjusting screws abut against the rear end face of the horizontal sliding plate.

[0018] In the aforementioned compensated seeding unit hydraulic contouring device, a rotating connecting plate is provided on the lower surface of the horizontal sliding plate, and the cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder 101 is hinged to the rotating connecting plate.

[0019] Because this utility model employs the aforementioned technology, it has the following positive effects compared to existing technologies:

[0020] (1) This utility model device achieves stepless adjustment of the initial extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder by adding an adjustment slider mechanism to the hinge point of the hydraulic cylinder. This allows the device to change the contouring amount, adjustment accuracy, and adjustment speed of the contouring mechanism according to the actual undulation of the working ground, so that the active contouring mechanism can always maintain good working performance and improve its adaptability to the working environment.

[0021] (2) This utility model divides the sowing depth adjustment process into two stages: pre-adjustment and precision adjustment. It adopts the compensation adjustment method to adjust the sowing depth twice, so that the sowing unit can achieve high-precision synchronous contouring in high-speed operation. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a compensating sowing unit hydraulic contouring device according to this utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a hydraulic and pneumatic schematic diagram of a compensating seeding unit hydraulic contouring device according to this utility model.

[0024] Figure 3This is a flowchart of the control system of a compensating seeding unit hydraulic contouring device of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a working principle diagram of a compensating sowing unit hydraulic contouring device of this utility model.

[0026] In the attached diagram: 1. Fixing plate; 2. Hydraulic system; 3. Head angle sensor; 4. Onboard computer; 5. Bracket; 6. Lower parallel rod; 7. Upper parallel rod; 8. Seeding unit angle sensor; 9. Adjusting slider mechanism; 101. Hydraulic cylinder; 102. Three-position four-way solenoid directional valve; 103. Check valve; 104. Variable pump; 105. Filter; 106. Oil tank; 107. Hydraulic pump station; 108. Throttle valve; 109. Pilot-operated solenoid relief valve. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0028] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a compensating hydraulic contour-following device for seeding units is illustrated. This device combines the features of passive contour-following multi-level adjustment and active contour-following real-time control. Based on secondary adjustment technology, a compensating hydraulic contour-following device for seeding units is designed. The device structure is shown in [see diagram]. Figure 1 As shown, it mainly includes: 1. Fixing plate, 2. Hydraulic system, 3. Vehicle head angle sensor, 4. On-board computer, 5. Bracket, 6. Parallel lower rod, 7. Parallel upper rod, 8. Seeding unit angle sensor, and 9. Adjusting slider mechanism.

[0029] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, before the seeder starts working: based on information such as the undulation of the work area, the amount of straw coverage, and the working speed, the initial extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod in the horizontal state of the contour rod is selected. By rotating the bolt, the adjusting slider is moved to change the initial extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder 101, thereby distributing the upper and lower contouring amounts of the hydraulic contouring mechanism. When the amount of straw residue coverage in the field is large or the ground subsidence is significant, the horizontal sliding plate of the adjusting slider mechanism 9 is fixed further back. At this time, the initial extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder 101 is smaller, the lower contouring amount is larger, and the adjustment accuracy is better. When the soil in the field is soft or the ground rises significantly and the working speed is fast, the horizontal sliding plate of the adjusting slider mechanism 9 is fixed further forward. At this time, the initial extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder 101 is larger, the upper contouring amount is larger, and the adjustment speed is faster.

[0030] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, its working principle is as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in the pre-adjustment stage, when the front of the vehicle is traveling uphill, the hydraulic cylinder 101 begins to retract; when the front of the vehicle is traveling downhill, the hydraulic cylinder 101 begins to extend; in the fine adjustment stage, when the vehicle body is traveling uphill, the hydraulic cylinder 101 retracts rapidly; when the vehicle body is traveling downhill, the hydraulic cylinder 101 extends rapidly.

[0031] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, when the seeder encounters raised ground during operation: the tractor's front wheels, affected by the terrain, tilt counterclockwise upwards with the rear wheels as the center of rotation. The tractor's front angle sensor 3, located at the front of the tractor, collects the front tilt angle γ. Combined with the tractor's axle spacing of 2370mm and axle angle of 4.5°, the ground undulation h0 can be preliminarily calculated using the following formula:

[0032] h0=2370sin4.5°+2370sin(γ-4.5°) (1)

[0033] Therefore, the vehicle head tilt angle γ collected by the vehicle head angle sensor 3 can be directly and quickly converted into the pre-adjustment contraction amount by means of interval conversion in combination with equation (1), thereby avoiding over-adjustment. The contraction amount is transmitted by the on-board computer to the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 102 in the hydraulic system 2, thereby controlling the hydraulic cylinder 101 to contract for pre-adjustment. The conversion of the pre-adjustment contraction amount is shown in the table.

[0034] Hydraulic Cylinder Pre-adjustment Telescopic Conversion Table

[0035]

[0036] During the retraction of the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic contouring mechanism utilizes the motion characteristics of a parallelogram to raise the individual unit to complete the upward contouring. The rising speed is positively correlated with the operating speed. Due to differences in weight and other factors, the undulation angle differs between the tractor and the seeding unit when passing through the same plot of land, thus requiring secondary adjustment. When the depth-limiting wheel of the seeding unit reaches the undulation point, the furrowing depth of the furrowing disc increases, and the seeding unit tilts counterclockwise upward around the front hinge point of the contouring rod. The seeding unit angle sensor 8 located in the contouring mechanism collects the contouring angle α. The onboard computer, combined with the 315mm length of the contouring mechanism's connecting rod and the 2.5mm height difference between the four-bar linkage and the actual horizontal plane, accurately calculates the ground undulation h1 through the measurement model. The formula is:

[0037] h1=315sinα°-2.5 (2)

[0038] The on-board computer 4 calculates the actual fluctuation amount and transmits it to the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 102 in the hydraulic system 2, which controls the hydraulic cylinder 101 to contract rapidly, compensate for the adjustment amount, and complete the fine adjustment.

[0039] Similarly, when the seeder encounters uneven ground during operation: the tractor tilts clockwise downwards due to the terrain, and the front angle sensor 3 located at the front of the tractor collects the tilt angle γ. The onboard computer 4, in conjunction with a conversion table, converts γ into the pre-adjustment extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder and transmits it to the three-position four-way solenoid valve 102 in the hydraulic system 2, thereby controlling the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 101 for pre-adjustment. The hydraulic contouring mechanism uses the motion characteristics of a parallelogram to lower the individual unit to complete the downward contouring, and the descent speed is positively correlated with the operating speed. When the seeding unit reaches the undulating point, the furrowing depth of the furrowing disc becomes shallower, and the contouring rod tilts clockwise downwards. The angle sensor located at the contouring mechanism collects the contouring angle α. The onboard computer 4 accurately calculates the ground undulation amount through the measurement model and transmits it to the hydraulic cylinder 101. The three-position four-way solenoid valve 102 in the hydraulic system 2 also performs secondary adjustment, quickly compensating for the adjustment amount and completing the precision adjustment.

[0040] The adjusting slider mechanism 9 is used to change the contouring parameters of the hydraulic contouring mechanism, improving the applicability of the seeder under different operating environments. The distance between the tractor head and the point of angle change of the seed unit compensates for the delay time, preventing adjustment lag in high-speed operation. Through segmented adjustment, the hydraulic cylinder extension and retraction are compensated after pre-adjustment, preventing insufficient adjustment accuracy in environments with large fluctuations. These three mechanisms work together to enable the seed unit to achieve high-precision synchronous contouring even at high speeds.

[0041] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic-pneumatic schematic diagram is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the hydraulic system 2 of the device mainly consists of a hydraulic cylinder 101, a three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 102, a check valve 103, a variable pump 104, a filter 105, an oil tank 106, a hydraulic pump station 107, a throttle valve 108, and a pilot-operated solenoid relief valve 109.

[0042] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, when the tractor or seeding unit encounters uneven ground, the information collected by the front angle sensor 3 is processed by the onboard computer 4 and converted into hydraulic rod adjustment information, which is then transmitted to the hydraulic components. The hydraulic system 2 begins operation: the variable pump 104 starts, and hydraulic oil is drawn from the oil tank 106 through the filter 105 into the variable pump 104. When the inlet pressure reaches 0.04 MPa, the check valve 103 starts, and the hydraulic oil enters the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 102. When the inlet pressure reaches 10 MPa, the pilot-operated solenoid relief valve 109 starts, controlling the inlet pressure. The three-position four-way solenoid directional valve 102 alternates, cuts off, and reverses the hydraulic oil flow to control the extension, quiescence, and retraction of the hydraulic rod. The throttle valve 108 controls the return flow to stabilize the outlet pressure. Through the cooperation of various hydraulic components, real-time control of the seeding depth of the seeding unit is achieved. The control system flow is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0043] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] Based on the above, this utility model also has the following embodiments:

[0045] In a further embodiment of this utility model, the advantages are as follows: This device achieves stepless adjustment of the initial extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder 101 by adding an adjusting slider mechanism 9 to the hinge point of the hydraulic cylinder 101. This allows for changes in the contouring amount, adjustment accuracy, and adjustment speed of the contouring mechanism according to the actual undulations of the working ground, ensuring the active contouring mechanism maintains good working performance and improving its adaptability to the working environment. The sowing depth adjustment process is divided into two stages: pre-adjustment and precision adjustment. A compensation adjustment method is used to perform secondary adjustment of the sowing depth, enabling the individual seeders to achieve high-precision synchronous contouring during high-speed operations.

[0046] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should realize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A compensating seeding unit hydraulic contour-following device, characterized in that, include: The seeder includes a front angle sensor (3), an on-board computer (4), and at least two seeding units. The seeder consists of a front head and a body connected together, with at least two seeding units installed side by side on the rear side of the body. The front angle sensor (3) is installed in the middle of the front end of the front head, and the on-board computer (4) is installed inside the front head. Each sowing unit includes: a sowing frame, a fixed plate (1), a support (5), a parallel lower rod (6), a parallel upper rod (7), a sowing unit angle sensor (8), and an adjusting slider mechanism (9). The left and right sides of the support (5) are respectively hinged to the front end of the sowing frame through a parallel upper rod (7) and a parallel lower rod (6). One support (5), two parallel upper rods (7), two parallel lower rods (6) and the front end of the sowing frame form a parallel four-bar linkage. The fixed plate (1) is installed on the upper end of the support (5). The adjusting slider mechanism (9) is installed on the fixed plate (1) and is set in the horizontal direction. The adjusting slider mechanism (9) can slide and adjust in the front and back directions. The sowing unit angle sensor (8) is installed at the front end of any one of the parallel upper rods (7). It also includes: a hydraulic system (2), which includes: at least one hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder (101) and the bottom surface of an adjusting slider mechanism (9) of a seeding unit are hinged, and the cylinder rod end of the hydraulic cylinder (101) and the front end of the seeding frame of the seeding unit are hinged. The hydraulic system (2), the vehicle head angle sensor (3), and the seeding unit angle sensor (8) are all connected to the vehicle computer (4) for signal control. The vehicle computer (4) is used to control the operation of the hydraulic system (2).

2. The compensating seeding unit hydraulic contour-following device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each seeding rack is equipped with a stubble-breaking disc, a contour-following depth-limiting wheel, and a furrow-opening disc at its bottom.

3. The compensating seeding unit hydraulic contour-following device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each seeding rack is also equipped with a seed box, a seed metering device, and a press wheel.

4. The compensated seeding unit hydraulic contouring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each seeding rack is also equipped with a fertilizer box and fertilizer pipe.

5. The compensated seeding unit hydraulic contouring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic system (2) further includes: a three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (102), a check valve (103), a variable pump (104), a filter (105), an oil tank (106), a hydraulic pump station (107), a throttle valve (108), and a pilot-operated solenoid relief valve (109). The drain ports of the filter (105) and the oil tank (106) are connected by pipelines. The inlet port of the variable pump (104) and the filter (105) are connected by pipelines. The drain port of the variable pump (104) and the inlet port of the check valve (103) are connected by pipelines. The drain port of the throttle valve (108) and the return port of the oil tank (106) are connected by pipelines. The two inlets of each hydraulic cylinder (101) are connected to the drain port of the check valve (103) and the inlet of the throttle valve (108) respectively through a three-position four-way solenoid directional valve (102) via pipelines; The discharge port of the variable pump (104) is connected to the inlet of the pilot-operated electromagnetic relief valve (109) through a pipeline, and the discharge port of the pilot-operated electromagnetic relief valve (109) is connected to the return port of the oil tank (106) through a pipeline.

6. The compensating seeding unit hydraulic contouring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing plate (1) is a right-angle bent plate.

7. The compensated seeding unit hydraulic contouring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting slider mechanism (9) includes: a horizontal fixed frame, a horizontal sliding plate, a forward adjusting screw and a backward adjusting screw. The horizontal sliding plate is slidably installed in the slide rail of the horizontal fixed frame. At least two forward adjusting screws are installed on the front side of the horizontal fixed frame and at least two backward adjusting screws are installed on the rear side of the horizontal fixed frame. The screw ends of the two forward adjusting screws abut against the front end face of the horizontal sliding plate, and the two backward adjusting screws abut against the rear end face of the horizontal sliding plate.

8. The compensating seeding unit hydraulic contour-following device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lower surface of the horizontal sliding plate is provided with a rotating connecting plate, and the cylinder end of the hydraulic cylinder (101) is hinged to the rotating connecting plate.

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