Vehicle heater and vehicle heating device

Abstract

The utility model provides a vehicle heater and a vehicle heating device, which can improve heating efficiency and realize space saving. A vehicle heater according to an embodiment of the present invention is a vehicle heater for heating a gas present in a vehicle interior of a vehicle. The vehicle heater includes: a plate-shaped substrate having a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface and extending in one direction; the heating body is arranged on the first surface side and extends along the extending direction of the substrate; a first detection unit which is provided on the first surface side and detects the temperature of the substrate; and a first protection part covering the first surface side.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vehicle heater and a vehicle heating device. Background Technology

[0002] Previously, the heat from the engine's coolant (exhaust heat) was used as the heat source for vehicle heating. However, in recent years, with the increasing efficiency of engines, the temperature of the coolant has decreased, making it difficult to use engine exhaust heat as a heat source for vehicle heating. Therefore, heaters utilizing Joule heat are becoming increasingly popular, either in conjunction with or as a replacement for heaters that utilize engine exhaust heat. In this case, the Joule heat heater uses the vehicle's battery as its power source. Therefore, if a Joule heat heater is used, there is a problem that less of the energy stored in the battery is allocated to driving and other functions.

[0003] Furthermore, in recent years, vehicle power units have shifted from engines to motors. For example, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) that combine an engine and a motor, or electric vehicles (EVs) that consist solely of a motor, are becoming increasingly common. In these vehicles, if heaters utilizing Joule heat are used, less energy is allocated to driving, making it difficult to extend the driving range.

[0004] Therefore, vehicle heaters require improved heating efficiency.

[0005] In addition, there is the issue of needing to accommodate a large number of parts within a limited space in vehicles. Therefore, vehicle heaters require space-saving design.

[0006] Therefore, it is desirable to develop a technology that can improve heating efficiency and save space.

[0007] Existing technical documents

[0008] Patent documents

[0009] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-54934

[0010] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-45947 Utility Model Content

[0011] Problems to be solved by the utility model

[0012] The problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a vehicle heater and vehicle heating device that can improve heating efficiency and save space.

[0013] Technical means to solve the problem

[0014] The vehicle heater described in this embodiment is a vehicle heater for heating gases present inside a vehicle. The vehicle heater includes: a substrate, which is plate-shaped and has a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface and extending in one direction; a heating element disposed on the first surface side and extending in the direction extending from the substrate; a first detection unit disposed on the first surface side for detecting the temperature of the substrate; and a first protective unit covering the first surface side.

[0015] Effects of the utility model

[0016] Through the embodiments of this utility model, a vehicle heater and vehicle heating device that can improve heating efficiency and save space can be provided. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle heater of this embodiment viewed from one side in the Z direction.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle heater viewed from the other side in the Z direction.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the vehicle heater along the AA line.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of a vehicle heater.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of a vehicle heater.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of a vehicle heater.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of a vehicle heater.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of a vehicle heater.

[0025] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional view of the vehicle heater along the BB line.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the heating device of this embodiment.

[0027] Figure 11 of (a), Figure 11 (b) is Figure 10 A schematic cross-sectional view of the heating device along the CC line.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a heating device according to another embodiment.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a heating device according to another embodiment.

[0030] Explanation of icon numbers

[0031] 1: Vehicle heater

[0032] 1a: Vehicle heater

[0033] 1b: Vehicle heater

[0034] 1c: Vehicle heater

[0035] 1d: Vehicle heater

[0036] 1e: Vehicle heater

[0037] 10: Substrate

[0038] 10a: Face

[0039] 10b: Face

[0040] 20: Insulation section

[0041] 30: Heating section

[0042] 31: Fever Element

[0043] 32: Fever element

[0044] 40: Wiring Section

[0045] 50: Protection Department

[0046] 50a: Protection Section

[0047] 50b: Protection Department

[0048] 50c: Protection section

[0049] 60: Insulation part

[0050] 70: Testing Department

[0051] 80: Wiring Section

[0052] 90: Protection Department

[0053] 90a: Protection Department

[0054] 90b: Protection Department

[0055] 90c: Protection section

[0056] 100: Vehicle heating devices

[0057] 100a: Heating device for vehicles

[0058] 100b: Heating device for vehicles

[0059] 101: Frame

[0060] 102: Air Supply Department

[0061] 103: Controller

[0062] 104: Testing Department

[0063] G: Gas Detailed Implementation

[0064] Hereinafter, embodiments will be illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in each drawing, the same structural components will be labeled with the same symbols, and detailed descriptions may be omitted. Additionally, the arrows X, Y, and Z in each drawing represent three mutually orthogonal directions. For example, the long side direction of the substrate can be designated as the X direction, the short side direction (width direction) of the substrate as the Y direction, and the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate (thickness direction) as the Z direction.

[0065] (Vehicle heater)

[0066] The vehicle heater 1 of this embodiment is a vehicle heater that heats the gas present inside the vehicle.

[0067] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle heater 1 of this embodiment viewed from one side in the Z direction.

[0068] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle heater 1 viewed from the other side in the Z direction.

[0069] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the vehicle heater 1 (hereinafter referred to as heater 1) along line AA.

[0070] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the heater 1 includes, for example, a substrate 10, an insulating portion 20 (an example of a first insulating portion), a heating portion 30, a wiring portion 40, a protection portion 50 (an example of a first protection portion), an insulating portion 60 (an example of a second insulating portion), a detection portion 70 (an example of a first detection portion), a wiring portion 80, and a protection portion 90 (an example of a second protection portion).

[0071] The substrate 10 is plate-shaped and has a surface 10a (corresponding to an example of a first surface) and a surface 10b facing the surface 10a (corresponding to an example of a second surface). The substrate 10 extends along one of the directions (e.g., the X direction). The planar shape of the substrate 10 is, for example, a long rectangular strip. Furthermore, the planar shape of the substrate 10 can be adapted to the shape of the frame 101 of the vehicle heating device 100 that houses the heater 1. For example, the planar shape of the substrate 10 can be a curved shape such as an L-shape, or a frame shape such as a ring shape. Among these, if the planar shape of the substrate 10 is rectangular, the manufacturing of the substrate 10, and consequently the manufacturing of the heater 1, becomes easier.

[0072] The thickness of the substrate 10 is, for example, about 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm. The width W (dimension in the short side direction; dimension in the Y direction) of the substrate 10 is, for example, about 5 mm to 15 mm. The length L (dimension in the long side direction; dimension in the X direction) of the substrate 10 can be appropriately changed according to the size of the frame 101 of the vehicle heating device 100 that houses the heater 1.

[0073] The substrate 10 is formed of a material that is heat-resistant and has high thermal conductivity. The substrate 10 may be formed of metals such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy, or inorganic materials such as ceramics.

[0074] In this case, the thermal conductivity of metals is higher than that of inorganic materials such as ceramics. Therefore, if the substrate 10 is made of metal, the heating time of the heater 1 can be shortened. In addition, it is also possible to increase the rigidity of the substrate 10 or reduce manufacturing costs.

[0075] Generally speaking, inorganic materials such as ceramics have insulating properties. Therefore, if the substrate 10 is formed of inorganic materials, the insulating part 20 and the insulating part 60 described later can be omitted.

[0076] also, Figures 1-3 The heater 1 shown in the example has a metal substrate 10 and an insulating portion 20.

[0077] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the insulating portion 20 is insulating and is provided on surface 10a of the substrate 10. The insulating portion 20 extends along the long side direction (X direction) of the substrate 10. The insulating portion 20 is provided to insulate the conductive substrate 10 from the heating portion 30 and the wiring portion 40. Therefore, the insulating portion 20 covers the area of ​​surface 10a of the substrate 10 where at least the heating portion 30 and the wiring portion 40 are provided. The thickness of the insulating portion 20 is not particularly limited as long as insulation is ensured. The insulating portion 20 is formed of a material that is heat-resistant and insulating. For example, the insulating portion 20 can be formed of ceramic or glass materials. The insulating portion 20 can be formed, for example, by spraying or calcination.

[0078] The heating element 30 converts the applied electricity into heat (Joule heating). The heating element 30 is provided, for example, on the surface 10a of the substrate 10. If the substrate 10 is made of metal, the heating element 30 is provided on the insulating portion 20 (the side of the insulating portion 20 opposite to the substrate 10 side). If the substrate 10 is made of insulating materials such as ceramic, the heating element 30 is provided on the surface 10a of the substrate 10.

[0079] The heating element 30 includes, for example, heating elements 31 and 32. Furthermore, while heating elements 31 and 32 are shown as an example, the number or size of the heating elements can be appropriately varied depending on the size of the substrate 10 or the required heat output. Additionally, various heating elements with different lengths, widths, and shapes can be provided. That is, at least one heating element is sufficient. Furthermore, while heating elements 31 and 32 are shown in series, multiple heating elements can also be connected in parallel or in series and parallel connections. The connection method of multiple heating elements can be appropriately varied depending on the size of the substrate 10 or the required heat output.

[0080] The heating elements 31 and 32 may be arranged at predetermined intervals in the Y direction (short side direction of the substrate 10). The heating elements 31 and 32 may extend in the X direction (long side direction of the substrate 10).

[0081] The dimensions (length dimension) of heating element 31 and heating element 32 in the X direction can be set to be approximately the same or different.

[0082] Furthermore, the resistance value per unit length of heating elements 31 and 32 can be set to be approximately uniform in the X direction, or it can be set to different resistance values. For example, the dimensions (width) in the Y direction and the dimensions (thickness) in the Z direction of heating elements 31 and 32 can be set to be approximately constant. In this case, the shape of heating elements 31 and 32 when viewed from the Z direction can be, for example, set to be approximately rectangular extending along the X direction.

[0083] The heating element 31 and heating element 32 can be formed, for example, using ruthenium oxide (RuO2), silver-palladium (Ag-Pd) alloy, silver-platinum (Ag-Pt) alloy, etc. The heating element 31 and heating element 32 can be formed, for example, by coating a paste-like material onto the insulating part 20 using a screen printing method or the like, and then hardening it using a calcination method or the like.

[0084] When the substrate 10 is formed of an insulating material, the heating element 31 and the heating element 32 can be formed, for example, by applying a paste-like material to the surface 10a of the substrate 10 using a screen printing method or the like, and then hardening it using a calcination method or the like.

[0085] Wiring portion 40 is provided on surface 10a of substrate 10. When substrate 10 is formed of metal, wiring portion 40 is provided on insulating portion 20. When substrate 10 is formed of insulating material, wiring portion 40 is provided on surface 10a of substrate 10.

[0086] The wiring section 40 may include, for example, terminals 41, 42, wiring 43, wiring 44, and wiring 45.

[0087] Terminals 41 and 42 are disposed, for example, near one end of the substrate 10 in the X direction. Terminals 41 and 42 are arranged, for example, in both the X and Y directions. Terminals 41 and 42 are electrically connected to, for example, a controller 103 of a vehicle heating device 100 described later, via connectors and wiring.

[0088] Wiring 43 is provided, for example, in the X direction on the side of the substrate 10 where the terminal 41 is provided. Wiring 43 extends in the X direction. Wiring 43 is electrically connected to the terminal 41 and the end of the heating element 32 on the terminal 41 side.

[0089] Wiring 44 is provided, for example, in the X direction near the end of the substrate 10 opposite to the side where terminals 41 and 42 are provided. The end of the heating element 31 opposite to the side of wiring 45 and the end of the heating element 32 opposite to the side of wiring 43 are electrically connected to wiring 44.

[0090] Wiring 45 is provided, for example, in the X direction on the side of the substrate 10 where the terminal 42 is provided. Wiring 45 extends in the X direction. Wiring 45 is electrically connected to the terminal 42 and the end of the heating element 31 at the terminal 42 side.

[0091] The wiring section 40 (terminal 41, terminal 42, wiring 43, wiring 44, and wiring 45) is formed, for example, using a material containing silver or copper. For example, terminals 41, 42, wiring 43, wiring 44, and wiring 45 can be formed by applying a paste-like material to the insulating section 20 using a screen printing method or the like, and then hardening it using a calcination method or the like.

[0092] Furthermore, when the substrate 10 is formed of an insulating material, the terminals 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45 can be formed, for example, by applying a paste-like material to the surface 10a of the substrate 10 using a screen printing method or the like, and then hardening it using a calcination method or the like.

[0093] The protective portion 50 covers the surface 10a of the substrate 10. For example, the protective portion 50 is provided on the insulating portion 20. When the substrate 10 is formed of an insulating material, the protective portion 50 is provided on the surface 10a of the substrate 10. The protective portion 50 extends in the X direction. The protective portion 50 covers the heating portion 30 (heating element 31 and heating element 32) and a portion of the wiring portion 40 (wiring 43, wiring 44 and wiring 45). In this case, the terminals 41 and 42 of the wiring portion 40 are exposed from the protective portion 50.

[0094] The protective part 50 has, for example, the function of insulating the heating part 30, wiring 43, wiring 44 and wiring 45, the function of transferring the heat generated in the heating part 30 to the outside, and the function of protecting the heating part 30, wiring 43, wiring 44 and wiring 45 from the influence of external forces or corrosive gases.

[0095] The protective portion 50 is formed of a material with high heat resistance, insulation, chemical stability, and thermal conductivity. For example, the protective portion 50 is formed of glass. In this case, a glass material with fillers containing materials with high thermal conductivity, such as alumina, can also be used to form the protective portion 50. The thermal conductivity of the glass material with fillers can, for example, be set to 2 [W / (m·K)] or higher. The thickness of the protective portion 50 can, for example, be set to approximately 10 μm to 60 μm.

[0096] The protective portion 50 can be formed, for example, by applying a paste-like material to the insulating portion 20, the heating portion 30, the wiring 43, the wiring 44, and the wiring 45 using a screen printing method or the like, and then hardening it using a calcination method or the like. In this case, the terminals 41 and 42 are exposed from the protective portion 50.

[0097] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the insulating portion 60 is insulating and is provided on surface 10b of the substrate 10. The insulating portion 60 extends along the long side direction (X direction) of the substrate 10. The insulating portion 60 is provided to insulate between the conductive substrate 10, the detection portion 70, and the wiring portion 80. Therefore, the insulating portion 60 covers the area of ​​surface 10b of the substrate 10 where at least the detection portion 70 and the wiring portion 80 are provided. The insulating portion 60 is formed of a material that is heat-resistant and insulating. The material and forming method of the insulating portion 60 can be the same as those of the insulating portion 20.

[0098] The detection unit 70 detects the temperature of the substrate 10 and, consequently, the temperature of the heating unit 30. The detection unit 70 may be, for example, a thermistor, a thermocouple, or a temperature-sensing resistor. Figure 2 and Figure 3The detection unit 70, as exemplified in this example, is a thermistor. In this case, the thermistor can be formed, for example, by applying a paste-like material to a predetermined position of the wiring section 80 using a screen printing method or the like, and then hardening it using a calcination method or the like. The material of the thermistor can be, for example, at least one of manganese and cobalt, and copper and nickel. The sheet resistance of the thermistor can be, for example, set to about 100kΩ / sq to 10000kΩ / sq, and the value of the B constant can be set to about 2500K to 4000K.

[0099] When the substrate 10 is formed of metal, the detection unit 70 is provided on the insulating portion 60 (the side of the insulating portion 60 opposite to the side of the substrate 10). When the substrate 10 is formed of an insulating material, the detection unit 70 is provided on the surface 10b of the substrate 10. At least one detection unit 70 may be provided. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The heater 1 shown in the example is equipped with three detection units 70.

[0100] When multiple detection units 70 are set up, such as Figure 2 As shown, multiple detection units 70 can be arranged at predetermined intervals along the long side (X direction) of the substrate 10. Alternatively, multiple detection units 70 can be arranged at predetermined intervals along both the long side (X direction) and the short side (Y direction) of the substrate 10. In this case, the in-plane temperature of the substrate 10, and consequently the in-plane temperature of the heater 1, can be detected. The number, intervals, and arrangement of the detection units 70 can be appropriately varied, for example, depending on the size of the heater 1 (substrate 10). The number, intervals, and arrangement of the detection units 70 can be appropriately determined, for example, through experiments or simulations.

[0101] A wiring portion 80 is provided on the surface 10b side of the substrate 10. When the substrate 10 is formed of metal, the wiring portion 80 is provided on the insulating portion 60. When the substrate 10 is formed of an insulating material, the wiring portion 80 is provided on the surface 10b of the substrate 10.

[0102] like Figure 2 As shown, the wiring section 80 includes wiring 81, wiring 82, wiring 83 and wiring 84.

[0103] Wiring 81 is provided, for example, near one of the peripheries of surface 10b in the short side direction (Y direction) of substrate 10. Wiring 81 extends along one of the peripheries of surface 10b and along the long side direction (X direction) of substrate 10. Wiring 81 is electrically connected to two detection units 70. The ends of wiring 81 on both sides protrude from the protection unit 90.

[0104] Wiring 82 can be provided for each of the two detection units 70, for example. In this case, one wiring 82 can be provided at one end of the substrate 10 along the long side direction (X direction), and the other wiring 82 can be provided at the other end of the substrate 10. Wiring 82 is arranged at a predetermined distance from wiring 81 along the short side direction (Y direction) of the substrate 10, for example. Wiring 82 extends parallel to wiring 81 along the long side direction (X direction) of the substrate 10, for example. One end of wiring 82 is electrically connected to the detection unit 70. The other end of wiring 82 is exposed from the protection unit 90.

[0105] Wiring 83 is provided, for example, near the other periphery of surface 10b on the short side (Y direction) of substrate 10. Wiring 83 extends along the long side (X direction) of substrate 10 along the other periphery of surface 10b. One end of wiring 83 is electrically connected to detection unit 70. The other end of wiring 83 is exposed from protection unit 90.

[0106] Wiring 84 is disposed, for example, near the other periphery of surface 10b along the short side direction (Y direction) of substrate 10. Wiring 84 extends along the long side direction (X direction) of substrate 10 along the other periphery of surface 10b. One end of wiring 84 is electrically connected to detection unit 70. The other end of wiring 84 protrudes from protection unit 90. Wiring 84 may be disposed on the opposite side of wiring 83 in the long side direction (X direction) of substrate 10, across detection unit 70.

[0107] The material and forming method of the wiring section 80 (wiring 81, wiring 82, wiring 83 and wiring 84) can be set to be the same as those of the wiring section 40. The number, arrangement and planar shape of wiring 81, wiring 82, wiring 83 and wiring 84 can be appropriately changed according to the number and arrangement of the detection section 70.

[0108] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the protective portion 90 covers the surface 10b side of the substrate 10. For example, the protective portion 90 is provided on the insulating portion 60. When the substrate 10 is formed of an insulating material, the protective portion 90 is provided on the surface 10b of the substrate 10. The protective portion 90 extends in the X direction. The protective portion 90 covers the detection portion 70 and the wiring portions 80 (wiring 81, wiring 82, wiring 83, and wiring 84). In this case, the vicinity of the ends of wiring 81, wiring 82, wiring 83, and wiring 84 are exposed from the protective portion 90.

[0109] The protective section 90, for example, has the function of insulating the detection section 70 and the wiring section 80, and protecting the detection section 70 and the wiring section 80 from external forces or corrosive gases. The material of the protective section 90 may be the same as or different from the material of the protective section 50. The forming method of the protective section 90 may, for example, be the same as the forming method of the protective section 50. The thickness of the protective section 90 may, for example, be approximately 10 μm to 60 μm.

[0110] Here, when using heater 1 or manufacturing heater 1 (e.g., when calcining protective part 50 or protective part 90, etc.), thermal stress is generated due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials. Therefore, heater 1 may warp due to thermal stress. If heater 1 warps, heater 1 may deform or easily break.

[0111] In the heater 1 of this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, an insulating portion 20 and a protective portion 50 are provided on the surface 10a of the substrate 10. An insulating portion 60 and a protective portion 90 are provided on the surface 10b of the substrate 10. Therefore, the thermal stress generated on the surface 10a of the substrate 10 due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the materials of the substrate 10 and the insulating portion 20 and the protective portion 50 can be offset by the thermal stress generated on the surface 10b of the substrate 10 due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the materials of the substrate 10 and the insulating portion 60 and the protective portion 90. If the thermal stress is offset, warping of the heater 1 can be suppressed.

[0112] In this case, if the material of the insulating portion 20 is the same as the material of the insulating portion 60, and the material of the protective portion 50 is the same as the material of the protective portion 90, then the thermal stress generated on the surface 10a side of the substrate 10 is of the same degree as the thermal stress generated on the surface 10b side of the substrate 10. Therefore, warping of the heater 1 can be further suppressed. Furthermore, this situation is also the same when the substrate 10 is formed of an insulating material and the insulating portions 20 and 60 are omitted.

[0113] Furthermore, the above example illustrates the case where the heating element 31 and the heating element 32 are disposed on the surface 10a side of the substrate 10, but the heating element 31 and the heating element 32 may also be disposed on the surface 10b side of the substrate 10. That is, the heating element 31 and the heating element 32 may be disposed on at least one of the surface 10a side and the surface 10b side of the substrate 10.

[0114] Furthermore, while an example has been shown where the detection unit 70 is disposed on the surface 10b side of the substrate 10, the detection unit 70 may also be disposed on the surface 10a side of the substrate 10. That is, the detection unit 70 may be disposed on at least one of the surface 10a side and the surface 10b side of the substrate 10.

[0115] Here, as described later, the heater 1 is disposed inside the housing 101 of the vehicle heating device 100 to heat the gas (e.g., air) flowing inside the housing 101. Therefore, the surfaces of the protective portions 50 and 90 are in contact with the gas flowing inside the housing 101. In this case, increasing at least one of the surface areas of the protective portions 50 and 90 can increase the amount of heat dissipated from the heater 1 to the gas.

[0116] For example, it is sufficient to increase at least one of the surface roughness of the surface of the protective part 50 and the surface roughness of the surface of the protective part 90.

[0117] For example, at least one of the maximum height roughness Rz of the surface of the protective part 50 and the maximum height roughness Rz of the surface of the protective part 90 is preferably set to "0.3μm≦Rz≦5μm". If so, the heat dissipation from the heater 1 to the gas can be increased, thereby improving the heating efficiency.

[0118] In this case, at least one of the maximum height roughness Rz of the surface of the protective part 50 and the maximum height roughness Rz of the surface of the protective part 90 can be more preferably set to "2μm≦Rz≦5μm", and even more preferably set to "3μm≦Rz≦5μm". If so, the heat dissipation from the heater 1 to the gas can be further increased, thereby achieving a further improvement in heating efficiency.

[0119] Alternatively, the surface roughness can be set to the surface roughness of at least the surface of the protective portion 50 facing the surface 10a of the substrate 10. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the entire surface of the protective portion 50 can also be the aforementioned.

[0120] Alternatively, the surface roughness can be set to the surface roughness of at least the surface of the protective portion 90 facing the surface 10b of the substrate 10. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the entire surface of the protective portion 90 can also be set to the aforementioned.

[0121] In addition, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, the heater 1 of this embodiment includes a plate-shaped substrate 10, an insulating portion 20, a heating portion 30, a wiring portion 40, a protective portion 50, an insulating portion 60, a detection portion 70, a wiring portion 80, and a protective portion 90, all of which are film-shaped and disposed on the surface of the substrate 10. Therefore, miniaturization of the heater 1 is easily achieved. Furthermore, the planar shape of the plate-shaped substrate 10 can be arbitrarily changed, for example, to match the shape of the frame 101 of the vehicle heating device 100. Therefore, space saving is easily achieved.

[0122] As explained above, if the heater 1 of this embodiment is used, the heating efficiency can be improved and space saving can be achieved.

[0123] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the heater 1a.

[0124] also, Figure 4 Is with the above Figure 3 The corresponding diagram.

[0125] like Figure 4 As shown, the protective portion 50a can cover the heating element 31, heating element 32, wiring 43, wiring 44, and wiring 45, but not the area of ​​the insulating portion 20 where the heating element 31 and heating element 32 are not located, or the thickness of the protective portion 50a in the aforementioned portion can be reduced. If so, the surface area of ​​the protective portion 50a can be further increased, thus further increasing the heat dissipation from the heater 1a to the gas. Therefore, a further improvement in heating efficiency can be achieved.

[0126] Furthermore, the protective portion 90a can cover the detection portion 70 and the wiring portions 80 (wiring 81, wiring 82, wiring 83, and wiring 84), but not the area of ​​the insulation portion 60 where the wiring portions 80 are not located, or the thickness of the protective portion 90a in that portion can be reduced. If so, the surface area of ​​the protective portion 90a can be further increased, thus further increasing the heat dissipation from the heater 1a to the gas. Therefore, a further improvement in heating efficiency can be achieved.

[0127] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the heater 1b.

[0128] also, Figure 5 Is with the above Figure 3 The corresponding diagram.

[0129] like Figure 5 As shown, the surface of the protective portion 50b facing the surface 10a of the substrate 10 can be configured as a convex or concave curved surface. If so, the surface area of ​​the protective portion 50b can be further increased, thus further increasing the heat dissipation from the heater 1b to the gas. Therefore, a further improvement in heating efficiency can be achieved.

[0130] Furthermore, the surface of the protective portion 90b facing the surface 10b of the substrate 10 can be configured as a convex or concave curved surface. If so, the surface area of ​​the protective portion 90b can be further increased, thereby further increasing the heat dissipation from the heater 1b to the gas. Therefore, a further improvement in heating efficiency can be achieved.

[0131] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a heater 1c of another embodiment.

[0132] also, Figure 6 Is with the above Figure 3 The corresponding diagram.

[0133] like Figure 6 As shown, the surface of the protective portion 50c facing the surface 10a of the substrate 10 may have at least one protrusion. If so, the surface area of ​​the protective portion 50c can be further increased, thus further increasing the heat dissipation from the heater 1c to the gas. Therefore, a further improvement in heating efficiency can be achieved.

[0134] Furthermore, the surface of the protective portion 90c facing the surface 10b of the substrate 10 may have at least one protrusion. If so, the surface area of ​​the protective portion 90c can be further increased, thus further increasing the heat dissipation from the heater 1c to the gas. Therefore, a further improvement in heating efficiency can be achieved.

[0135] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, it is preferable to make the thickness of the protective portion 50 approximately uniform and to make the surface roughness of the protective portion 50 rough. Furthermore, it is preferable to make the thickness of the protective portion 90 approximately uniform and to make the surface roughness of the protective portion 90 rough. If the thicknesses of the protective portion 50 and the protective portion 90 are approximately uniform, the increase in the heat capacity of the heater 1 can be suppressed, thereby improving the responsiveness of the heater 1. If the responsiveness of the heater 1 is high, the time it takes for the gas to reach the specified temperature can be shortened.

[0136] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a heater 1d according to another embodiment.

[0137] Figure 7 Is with the above Figure 1 The corresponding diagram.

[0138] like Figure 7 As shown, the wiring portion 40a is provided on the surface 10a side of the substrate 10. When the substrate 10 is formed of metal, the wiring portion 40a is provided on the insulating portion 20. When the substrate 10 is formed of an insulating material, the wiring portion 40a is provided on the surface 10a of the substrate 10.

[0139] Wiring section 40a, for example, has terminal 41a, terminal 42a, wiring 43a, wiring 44a, wiring 45a and terminal 46.

[0140] Terminals 41a and 42a are disposed, for example, near the ends of both sides of the substrate 10 in the X direction. Terminals 41a and 42a are arranged, for example, in the X direction. Terminal 41a is electrically connected to wiring 45a. Terminal 42a is electrically connected to wiring 43a and wiring 44a.

[0141] Wiring 43a extends along one of the peripheries in the Y direction of substrate 10 in the X direction.

[0142] Wiring 44a extends along the X direction along another periphery in the Y direction of substrate 10.

[0143] In the Y direction, wiring 45a is disposed between wiring 43a and wiring 44a and extends along the X direction.

[0144] In the Y direction, a heating element 32 extending in the X direction is disposed between wiring 43a and wiring 45a. Wiring 43a and wiring 45a are electrically connected to the heating element 32 in the Y direction.

[0145] In the Y direction, a heating element 31 extending in the X direction is disposed between wiring 44a and wiring 45a. In the Y direction, wiring 44a and wiring 45a are electrically connected to the heating element 31.

[0146] Multiple terminals 46 are electrically connected to heating elements 31 and 32 and wiring 45a. The multiple terminals 46 are arranged in the X direction at predetermined intervals.

[0147] Terminals 41a, 42a and a plurality of terminals 46 are electrically connected, for example, to the controller 103 of the vehicle heating device 100 described later via connectors and wiring.

[0148] If so, the heating area (heating region) of heating elements 31 and 32 can be changed. For example, if voltage is applied to terminals 41a and 42a, the entire area of ​​heating elements 31 and 32 can be heated. For example, if power is applied to one of the terminals 42a and the selected terminal 46, the area between one of the terminals 42a and the selected terminal 46 of heating elements 31 and 32 can be heated. If the heating area can be changed, the amount of heat generated can be changed, thereby changing the temperature of the heated gas.

[0149] In this case, if the applied power can be set to approximately constant and the heating area can be changed to control the temperature of the heated gas, the heating efficiency can be improved compared to controlling the gas temperature by varying the applied power. Furthermore, the control circuit can be simplified.

[0150] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a heater 1e according to another embodiment.

[0151] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional view of heater 1e along the BB line.

[0152] like Figure 8 As shown, heater 1e includes, for example, a substrate 10, an insulating part 20, a heating part 30, a wiring part 40, a protection part 50, a detection part 70, and wiring 85.

[0153] In addition, such as Figure 9As shown, the insulation part 20, the heating part 30, the wiring part 40, the protection part 50, the detection part 70, and the wiring 85 are provided on the surface 10a of the substrate 10, but not on the surface 10b of the substrate 10.

[0154] The detection unit 70 may be provided on the insulating part 20. The wiring 85 is electrically connected to the detection unit 70. The detection unit 70 and the wiring 85 are covered by the protective part 50. The end of the wiring 85 is exposed from the protective part 50.

[0155] For example, simply increasing the surface roughness of the protective part 50 is sufficient.

[0156] For example, the maximum height roughness Rz of the surface of the protective part 50 is preferably set to "0.3μm≦Rz≦5μm". If so, the heat dissipation from the heater 1e to the gas can be increased, thereby improving the heating efficiency.

[0157] In this case, the maximum height roughness Rz of the surface of the protective part 50 can be more preferably set to "2μm≦Rz≦5μm", and even more preferably set to "3μm≦Rz≦5μm". If so, the heat dissipation from the heater 1e to the gas can be further increased, thereby achieving a further improvement in heating efficiency.

[0158] The number, spacing, and configuration of the detection units 70 can be appropriately changed, for example, according to the size of the heater 1e (substrate 10). The number, spacing, and configuration of the detection units 70 can be appropriately determined, for example, by conducting experiments or simulations.

[0159] The material and forming method of the wiring 85 can be set to be the same as those of the wiring section 40. The number, arrangement, and planar shape of the wiring 85 can be appropriately changed according to the number and arrangement of the detection section 70.

[0160] Alternatively, a protective portion 50b with a convex or concave curved surface may be provided, or a protective portion 50c with at least one convex portion may be provided instead of the protective portion 50.

[0161] In heater 1e, the insulation part 20, the heating part 30, the wiring part 40, the protection part 50, the detection part 70, and the wiring 85 are provided on one side 10a of the substrate 10, thus reducing the size of heater 1e in the Z direction. Therefore, heater 1e can be easily installed in a small space inside the vehicle. In addition, miniaturization of the vehicle heating device 100 described later can also be achieved. Furthermore, the insulation part 60 and the protection part 90 can be omitted, or the wiring 85 and the wiring part 40 can be formed in the same process. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of heater 1e can be reduced.

[0162] (Vehicle heating device)

[0163] In one embodiment of this invention, a vehicle heating device 100 including a heater 1 can be provided. Descriptions relating to the heater 1, as well as variations of the heater 1 (e.g., heaters 1a to 1d, or heaters for which components have been added, removed, or modified by those skilled in the art and which possess the features of this invention), are applicable to the vehicle heating device 100.

[0164] A vehicle heating device 100 (hereinafter referred to as heating device 100) may be installed, for example, inside a car or tram. The heating device 100 may be, for example, a heater that heats a gas G (e.g., air) present inside the vehicle.

[0165] Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the heating device 100 of this embodiment.

[0166] Figure 11 of (a), Figure 11 (b) is Figure 10 A schematic cross-sectional view of the heating device 100 along the CC line.

[0167] like Figure 10 As shown, the heating device 100 includes, for example, a heater 1, a frame 101, an air supply unit 102, a controller 103, and a detection unit 104 (an example of a second detection unit).

[0168] The heater 1 is disposed inside the frame 101. The heater 1 can be mounted, for example, on the inner wall of the frame 101 via a bracket. Furthermore, in Figure 10 and Figure 11 of (a), Figure 11 In (b), as an example, a case with one heater 1 is shown, but the number of heaters 1 can be appropriately varied according to the processing flow rate of gas G, etc. That is, at least one heater 1 is required. When multiple heaters 1 are provided, they can be arranged at predetermined intervals along the direction of gas G flow. Alternatively, multiple heaters 1 can be arranged at predetermined intervals along a direction orthogonal to the direction of gas G flow. When multiple heaters 1 are provided, the planar dimensions and planar shapes of the heaters 1 can be the same or different.

[0169] The frame 101 is, for example, box-shaped, and has an air supply port 101a and an exhaust port 101b. For example, the air supply port 101a and the exhaust port 101b may be located facing each other. For example, the frame 101 may also be cylindrical. Furthermore, although a frame 101 extending in one direction is illustrated, the shape of the frame 101 is not limited to the illustrated example. The shape of the frame 101 can be appropriately varied depending on the space inside the vehicle where the heating device 100 is installed.

[0170] Additionally, a filter 101c can be installed at the air supply port 101a. The filter 101c is permeable, for example, to capture visible debris.

[0171] Alternatively, a finger guard 101d can be installed at the exhaust port 101b. Alternatively, a filter 101c can be installed instead of the finger guard 101d.

[0172] like Figure 11 As shown in (a), the outline of the frame 101 in the direction orthogonal to the direction of gas G flow can be, for example, a circle. If so, the flow resistance of gas G can be reduced, thus making the flow of gas G smoother and making it easier to increase the processing flow rate.

[0173] In addition, such as Figure 11 As shown in (b), the outline of the frame 101 in the direction orthogonal to the direction of gas G flow can be, for example, a quadrilateral. If so, the dimensions between the inner wall of the frame 101 and the heater 1 can be set to be approximately constant, thus making it easy to heat the gas G flowing inside the frame 101 in a substantially uniform manner.

[0174] An air supply section 102 forms an airflow flowing inside the frame 101 where the heater 1 is installed. The air supply section 102 is, for example, located inside the frame 101. The air supply section 102 may be located, for example, in the region between the air supply port 101a and the heater 1. The air supply section 102 draws gas G present in the vehicle interior into the frame 101 via the filter 101c and the air supply port 101a. The gas G drawn into the frame 101 is discharged to the outside of the heating device 100 via the exhaust port 101b of the frame 101. Therefore, a flow of gas G from the air supply port 101a toward the exhaust port 101b is formed inside the frame 101. Furthermore, in Figure 10 The example shown illustrates an axial flow air supply unit 102, but the type of air supply unit 102 can be adapted. For example, the air supply unit 102 can be a centrifugal air supply unit, a crossflow air supply unit, etc. Furthermore, the arrangement of the air supply unit 102 can be adapted. For example, the air supply unit 102 can also be located outside the frame 101.

[0175] The controller 103 is disposed, for example, outside the housing 101. The controller 103 is electrically connected to the heater 1. The controller 103 is electrically connected, for example, to the heating element 31, the heating element 32, and the detection unit 70 disposed on the heater 1.

[0176] Additionally, the controller 103 is electrically connected to the detection unit 104 located outside the housing 101. Furthermore, the controller 103 is electrically connected to the air supply unit 102.

[0177] The detection unit 104 detects the temperature of the external environment (the temperature of the vehicle interior) of the frame 101. The detection unit 104 may be, for example, a thermistor, a thermocouple, or a temperature-sensing resistor.

[0178] Next, the function of the heating device 100 will be illustrated.

[0179] like Figure 10 As shown, the gas G drawn into the interior of the frame 101 by the air supply unit 102 flows along the surface of the heater 1 after reaching the heater 1. The gas G flowing along the surface of the heater 1 flows from the periphery of the heater 1 towards the exhaust port 101b of the frame 101. As the gas G flows along the surface of the heater 1, its temperature rises due to the heat from the heater 1. The heated gas G is then released through the exhaust port 101b into an environment, for example, where a heating device 100 is installed.

[0180] In this situation, if the temperature detected by the detection unit 104 is lower than the set temperature, the controller 103 applies power to the heating element 31 and the heating element 32, causing them to heat up. Furthermore, the set temperature is the temperature input to the controller 103 by the driver or others.

[0181] The controller 103 controls the heating based on the difference between the temperature detected by the detection unit 104 and the set temperature. For example, the controller 103 controls the heating based on the heating of the heating elements 31 and 32 by performing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control so that the temperature detected by the detection unit 104 (the temperature of the vehicle interior) is close to the set temperature.

[0182] Furthermore, the controller 103 can further control the heating based on the temperature detected by the detection unit 70 provided in the heater 1, based on the heating of the heating elements 31 and 32. For example, if the temperature of the heating elements 31 and 32 becomes too high, the heating elements 31 and 32 may sometimes malfunction. Therefore, the controller 103 can control the heating based on the heating elements 31 and 32 to keep the temperature detected by the detection unit 70 within a specified range.

[0183] In addition, such as Figure 7 As illustrated in the example, when multiple terminals 46 for applying power are provided, the controller 103 can also change the heating area of ​​the heating element 31 and the heating element 32 by appropriately selecting the terminals 46 for applying power, thereby controlling the amount of heat generated and, consequently, the temperature of the heated gas G.

[0184] Furthermore, the controller 103 can control the airflow rate of the air supply section 102 while controlling the heating based on the heating elements 31 and 32. In this case, the controller 103 can control the rotation speed of the air supply section 102, thereby controlling the airflow rate of the gas G. For example, if the rotation speed of the air supply section 102 is reduced, the airflow rate decreases, thus increasing the temperature of the gas G discharged from the exhaust port 101b. If the rotation speed of the air supply section 102 is increased, the airflow rate increases, thus decreasing the temperature of the gas G discharged from the exhaust port 101b.

[0185] Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the heating device 100a.

[0186] exist Figure 10 In the case of the heating device 100 illustrated in the example, the direction in which the heater 1 extends is approximately orthogonal to the direction of flow of the gas G drawn into the interior of the frame 101. In contrast, in the case of the heating device 100a, as... Figure 12 As shown, the heater 1 extends in an inclined direction relative to the direction of gas G flow drawn into the interior of the frame 101. If so, as... Figure 12 As shown, this increases the amount of gas G flowing along the surface of heater 1, thus further improving heating efficiency.

[0187] Figure 13 This is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the heating device 100b.

[0188] like Figure 13 As shown, the heater 1 extends in a direction that is approximately parallel to the direction of gas G flow drawn into the interior of the frame 101. If so, as... Figure 13 As shown, the amount of gas G flowing along the surface of the heater 1 can be increased, thus further improving the heating efficiency. Furthermore, the number of heaters 1 that can be installed inside the frame 101 can be increased. The size of the frame 101 in the direction approximately orthogonal to the direction of the flow of the drawn-in gas G can be reduced. Therefore, miniaturization of the heating device 100b is also possible.

[0189] The above embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated, but these embodiments are provided as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments or their variations are included within the scope or spirit of the invention, and are included within the scope of the invention as described in the claims and their equivalents. Furthermore, the embodiments can be combined with each other for implementation.

Claims

1. A vehicle heater, characterized in that, Heating the gases present inside the vehicle. The vehicle heater includes: The substrate is plate-shaped and has a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface and extending in one direction; A heating element is disposed on the first surface side and extends along the direction of the substrate. A first detection unit, disposed on the first surface side, detects the temperature of the substrate; and The first protective part covers the first side surface.

2. The vehicle heater according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first protective part comprises glass material. The maximum height roughness Rz of the surface of the first protective part satisfies the following formula: 0.3μm≦Rz≦5μm.

3. A vehicle heater, characterized in that, Heating the gases present inside the vehicle. The vehicle heater includes: The substrate is plate-shaped and has a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface and extending in one direction; A heating element is disposed on at least one of the first surface side and the second surface side, and extends along the direction of the substrate. A first detection unit is disposed on at least one of the first surface side and the second surface side to detect the temperature of the substrate; A first protective part covers the first side surface; and The second protective part covers the second side surface.

4. The vehicle heater according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first protective part comprises glass material. The maximum height roughness Rz of the surface of the first protective part satisfies the following formula: 0.3μm≦Rz≦5μm.

5. The vehicle heater according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second protective part comprises glass material. The maximum surface roughness Rz of the second protective part satisfies the following formula: 0.3μm≦Rz≦5μm.

6. The vehicle heater according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, Also includes: A first insulating part is disposed on the first surface; as well as The second insulating part is disposed on the second surface. The substrate comprises metal. At least one of the heating element and the first detection element, which is covered by the first protective part, is disposed on the first insulating part. The second insulating portion is provided with at least one of the heating element and the first detection portion, which is covered by the second protective portion.

7. The vehicle heater according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The substrate comprises ceramic. The first surface is provided with at least one of the heating element and the first detection element, which are covered by the first protective part. The second side is provided with at least one of the heating element and the first detection element, which are covered by the second protective part.

8. A vehicle heating device, characterized in that, include: Frame; The vehicle heater as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is disposed inside the frame; An air supply section forms an airflow that flows inside the frame where the vehicle heater is installed; The second detection unit detects the temperature of the external environment of the frame; and The controller is electrically connected to the vehicle heater and the second detection unit. The controller controls the heating based on the difference between the temperature detected by the second detection unit and the set temperature.

9. The vehicle heating device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The controller further controls the heating based on the temperature detected by the first detection unit provided in the vehicle heater.

10. The vehicle heating device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The controller is electrically connected to the air supply unit and controls the air supply volume based on the air supply unit when controlling the heating based on the heating element.

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