Clean producer gas production device
By using a clean gasification furnace gasification unit, which utilizes equipment such as rotary gasifiers and vertical gasifiers, the problems of low capacity, low calorific value of gas, and high tar yield of vertical gasifiers have been solved, achieving efficient gasification and resource recycling.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520045777.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing vertical gasifiers suffer from problems such as low single-unit capacity, the need for further gas processing, low gas calorific value, and high tar yield.
The clean gasification furnace production unit includes a rotary gasifier, a vertical gasifier, a gas mixer, a rotary cooling furnace, a dry magnetic separator, and a dry grinding and separation machine. By setting up lifting plates and multi-stage furnace zones, the unit achieves the separation and recycling of residual carbon and coal ash, thereby improving the calorific value of the gas.
It improved the calorific value and production capacity of coal gas, reduced tar yield, and achieved effective separation and recycling of coal ash and residual coal.
Smart Images
Figure CN223823532U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy engineering technology, specifically to a clean gas generator production device. Background Technology
[0002] A coal gasifier is a production device that converts coal into combustible gas—producer gas (mainly composed of CO, H2, CH4, etc.). Its working principle is as follows: Coal suitable for gasification process parameters (generally low-rank coal) is screened, and coal with a particle size of less than 10mm is added to the coal gasifier by a coal feeder. A mixture of steam and air is blown in from the bottom of the furnace as a gasifying agent. The coal undergoes physical heating and chemical reactions within the furnace to generate combustible gas—producer gas. Currently, the most commonly used coal gasifier in industry is the vertical coal gasifier.
[0003] The feed layer of the vertical gasifier consists of a drying layer, a preheating layer, a dry distillation layer, a carbon gasification layer, and an oxidation combustion layer from top to bottom. Coal is added to the coal silo through the coal feed port, and then fed into the gasifier from the top via a spiral airlock feeder. A mixture of steam and air is introduced from the bottom up through the grate at the bottom of the feed layer. The coal undergoes drying, preheating, dry distillation, carbon gasification, and oxidation combustion in sequence as it passes through the empty layer, drying layer, preheating layer, dry distillation layer, carbon gasification layer, and oxidation combustion zone. The produced gas is discharged from the crude gas outlet at the top of the vertical gasifier. The coal ash produced after gasification falls through the grate into the ash accumulation zone and is finally discharged from the ash discharge port.
[0004] Figure 1 This is a diagram of an existing vertical gasifier.
[0005] Vertical gasifiers can be either single-stage or double-stage. When a double-stage gasifier is used, the gas produced in the upper stage is coal pyrolysis gas, containing high molecular weight gases such as tar, benzene, naphthalene, alkanes, alkenes, and hydrocarbons, as well as low molecular weight gases such as H2, H2O, CO, CO2, and H2S. This gas has a high calorific value and generally requires purification treatment by cyclone oil separators and electrostatic precipitators to filter tar before use. The gas produced in the lower stage is carbon gasification gas, containing gases such as H2, CO, N2, and CO2. This gas has a lower calorific value and generally requires dust removal by cyclone dust collectors. The resulting gas is then mixed with the upper stage gas before being supplied to the user.
[0006] In a vertical gasifier, coal undergoes pyrolysis, carbonization, oxidation, and combustion to produce gas without carbon recycling. The calorific value of the gas obtained from the gasifier is typically 6100-6500 KJ / Nm³. 3Because the burden layer in a vertical gasifier is relatively thin, the gas production of a single furnace is generally not large to prevent segregation of materials and gas flow within the furnace. However, because the burden layer in a vertical gasifier is generally thicker, the sensible heat of the gas can be fully recovered, and the gas outlet temperature is generally below 200℃.
[0007] Low-rank coal is a young type of coal with a low degree of carbonization. The volatile matter content in the coal is as high as 40% or more, the moisture content is high, and the calorific value stability is poor. When low-rank coal is used as a gasification feedstock in a vertical gasifier, the gas production rate is low, while the tar production rate is very high. Utility Model Content
[0008] To address the problems of low single-unit capacity, the need for subsequent gas processing, low calorific value, and high tar yield in existing vertical gasifiers, this utility model provides a clean gasifier gas production device.
[0009] Therefore, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0010] A clean gas generator production apparatus includes a rotary gas generator, a vertical gasifier, a gas mixer, a rotary cooling furnace, a dry magnetic separator, and a dry grinding and separation machine connected in sequence.
[0011] The rotary gasifier is equipped with a flue pipe and a kiln tail feed port on the kiln tail hood at the feed end. The kiln head hood at the discharge end is equipped with a coarse coal spray gun, a fine coal spray gun, a steam spray gun, an oxygen-enriched spray gun, a start-up burner, and a high-temperature mixed material discharge port. A kiln back fan is installed outside the rotary gasifier. The inside of the furnace is divided into a drying zone, a preheating zone, a carbon gasification zone I, a coal full pyrolysis zone, and a carbon gasification zone II from the feed end to the discharge end.
[0012] The discharge end of the rotary gasifier is connected to the vertical gasifier. The mixed material is discharged from the discharge end and enters the vertical gasifier, which is used to produce high-calorific-value gas. The outlet of the vertical gasifier is connected to the rotary cooler, which is connected to the dry magnetic separator. The rotary cooler is used to cool the material, and the dry magnetic separator is used to dry separate the material. After dry separation, residual carbon and metallized material are obtained.
[0013] Dry grinding and dry separation machines are used to grind and separate metallized materials, and the resulting products are iron powder and coal ash.
[0014] Furthermore, multiple lifting plates are installed on the rotary kiln shell in the coal pyrolysis zone and carbon gasification zone of the rotary gasifier. Each lifting plate is configured with a multi-segment arc surface structure along the cross-section of the rotary gasifier and is used for lifting materials.
[0015] Furthermore, the lifting plates are arranged in a spiral shape on the rotary kiln shell along the length of the furnace.
[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model recycles residual carbon. In view of the situation that the residual carbon after low-rank coal gasification contains coal ash, in order to separate the coal ash from the residual carbon, a small amount of iron concentrate is added to the feed end of the rotary gasifier. After the iron concentrate is reduced in the furnace, it combines with the coal ash to form metallized material. The metallized material is separated from the residual carbon and coal ash by magnetic separation. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 Diagram of an existing vertical gasifier;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a diagram of a rotary gasifier.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the material lifting plate inside a rotary gasifier.
[0020] In the diagram: 1-Carbon gasification zone 2, 2-Coal pyrolysis zone, 3-Carbon gasification zone 1, 4-Preheating zone, 5-Drying zone, 6-Coarse coal spray gun, 7-Fine coal spray gun, 8-Steam spray gun, 9-Oxygen-enriched spray gun, 10-Start-up burner, 11-Lifting plate. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
[0022] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, a clean gas generator production device includes a rotary gas generator, a vertical gasifier, a gas mixer, a rotary cooling furnace, a dry magnetic separator, and a dry grinding and separation machine connected in sequence.
[0023] The rotary gasifier has a flue pipe and a kiln tail feed port on the kiln tail hood at the feed end. The kiln head hood at the discharge end is equipped with a coarse coal spray gun 6, a fine coal spray gun 7, a steam spray gun 8, an oxygen enrichment spray gun 9, a start-up burner 10, and a high-temperature mixed material discharge port. A kiln back fan is installed outside the rotary gasifier. The furnace is divided into a drying zone 5, a preheating zone 4, a carbon gasification zone 1 3, a coal full pyrolysis zone 2, and a carbon gasification zone 2 1 in sequence from the feed end to the discharge end.
[0024] The discharge end of the rotary gasifier is connected to the vertical gasifier. The mixed material is discharged from the discharge end and enters the vertical gasifier, which produces high-calorific-value gas. The outlet of the vertical gasifier is connected to a rotary cooler, which is then connected to a dry magnetic separator. The rotary cooler cools the material, while the dry magnetic separator dry-separates the material, yielding residual carbon and metallized material. A dry grinding and dry separation machine is used to grind and separate the metallized material, yielding iron powder and coal ash.
[0025] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the rotary gasifier is divided into a drying zone 5, a preheating zone 4, a carbon gasification zone 1 3, a coal pyrolysis zone 2, and a carbon gasification zone 2 1, sequentially from the feed end to the discharge end. Multiple lifting plates 11 are installed on the rotary furnace shell within the coal pyrolysis zone 2 and the carbon gasification zone 1 3. Each lifting plate 11 is configured with a multi-segment arc surface structure along the cross-section of the rotary gasifier and is used for lifting materials. The lifting plates 11 are arranged in a spiral shape along the length of the furnace on the rotary furnace shell.
[0026] The working steps of this utility model are as follows:
[0027] (1) The low-rank coal with a particle size of 0-10mm is classified into two particle size ranges: 0-5mm fine coal and 5-10mm coarse coal using a 5mm vibrating screen.
[0028] (2) The residual carbon separated by the dry magnetic separator is returned to the batching system of the rotary gasifier. The residual carbon and iron concentrate are batched and mixed in a ratio of 100:5-6 to obtain a mixture. The mixture is added from the feed end of the rotary gasifier.
[0029] (3) The mixture is continuously tumbling under the action of the furnace body rotation and flows from the feed end to the discharge end. The mixture exchanges heat with the high temperature gas coming from the opposite direction, so that the temperature of the mixture gradually increases.
[0030] (4) When the residual carbon is in the drying zone 5 of the rotary gasifier and the temperature rises to above 100°C, the residual carbon is dried. When the residual carbon moves to the preheating zone 4 and the temperature rises to above 200°C, the residual carbon is preheated.
[0031] (5) When the mixture travels to the carbon gasification zone 3 of the rotary gasifier and the temperature rises to above 800°C, the residual carbon in the mixture reacts with the water vapor and CO2 in the furnace gas to undergo carbon gasification reaction. The produced CO and H2 enter the furnace gas, while the iron concentrate in the mixture undergoes stepwise reduction.
[0032] (6) When the mixture travels to the coal fully pyrolysis zone 2 and the temperature rises to about 1000℃, coarse coal is sprayed into the first half of the coal fully pyrolysis zone 2 using a coarse coal spray gun 6. During the tumbling and flowing process in the furnace, the coarse coal is rolled into the inside of the material layer. When the coal is at 100-200℃, the water vapor discharged from the coal reacts with the high-temperature residual carbon to produce H2 and CO. When the coal is at 350-400℃, the coal is pyrolyzed into carbon-rich stagnant carbon and hydrogen-rich volatiles. Under the condition of 1000℃ in the furnace, the gaseous products of the final pyrolysis of the volatiles are mainly H2, and a large amount of solid active particulate carbon is produced at the same time. Except for a small part of the gas inside the material layer undergoing iron oxide reduction, the rest of the gas overflows from the material layer and enters the furnace space to be used as coal gas.
[0033] (7) When the mixture in the rotary gasifier moves to the second half of the coal fully pyrolysis zone 2, fine coal is injected into the second half of the coal fully pyrolysis zone 2 using a fine coal spray gun 7. The situation of fine coal in the furnace is similar to that of coarse coal, and will not be described here.
[0034] (8) When the mixed material in the rotary gasifier moves to the carbon gasification zone 1, oxygen-enriched air and water vapor are blown into the kiln from the discharge end. At the same time, the kiln back fan blows ambient air into the kiln along the kiln length. The residual carbon in the high-temperature mixed material is burned under the action of oxygen-enriched air and air to produce CO and CO2. The heat generated by combustion is used to heat the rotary gasifier. The blown water vapor, the CO2 produced by combustion and the hot residual carbon undergo carbon gasification reaction to finally produce CO and H2. After CO and H2 enter the furnace space, they are discharged as gas. At the same time, the iron concentrate reducing material and the coal ash produced by the residual carbon combine to form metallized material.
[0035] (9) When the mixture in the rotary gasifier flows to the discharge end, the high-temperature mixture at 900-1000℃ is discharged from the furnace.
[0036] (10) After the gas produced by carbon gasification reaction in the rotary gasifier and the gas produced by low-rank coal pyrolysis enter the furnace space, they are finally discharged from the feed end of the rotary kiln.
[0037] (11) The high-temperature mixture discharged from the discharge end of the rotary gasifier enters the vertical gasifier. Under the action of high-temperature steam, the residual carbon reacts with water vapor during the boiling process to produce H2 and CO. The gasified low-temperature mixture is discharged from the vertical gasifier.
[0038] (12) The gas discharged from the rotary gasifier and the high-calorific-value gas discharged from the vertical gasifier are mixed and pressurized by the gas mixer to obtain medium-calorific-value gas.
[0039] (13) Indirect cooling of low-temperature materials is achieved by using cooling water in a rotary cooling furnace. This can reduce the temperature of materials at around 600℃ to below 200℃.
[0040] (14) Adding the cooled low-temperature material to the dry magnetic separator can separate the low-temperature material into metallized material and residual carbon. The residual carbon is returned to the batching system of the rotary gasifier for recycling, while the metallized material is separated into coal ash and iron powder after being ground and separated by the dry grinding and dry separation machine.
Claims
1. A clean gas generator production apparatus, characterized in that, The production equipment includes a rotary gasifier, a vertical gasifier, a gas mixer, a rotary cooling furnace, a dry magnetic separator, and a dry grinding and separation machine connected in sequence. The rotary gasifier is equipped with a flue pipe and a kiln tail feed port on the kiln tail hood at the feed end. The kiln head hood at the discharge end is equipped with a coarse coal spray gun, a fine coal spray gun, a steam spray gun, an oxygen-enriched spray gun, a start-up burner, and a high-temperature mixed material discharge port. A kiln back fan is installed outside the rotary gasifier. The inside of the furnace is divided into a drying zone, a preheating zone, a carbon gasification zone I, a coal full pyrolysis zone, and a carbon gasification zone II from the feed end to the discharge end. The discharge end of the rotary gasifier is connected to the vertical gasifier. The mixed material is discharged from the discharge end and enters the vertical gasifier, which is used to produce high-calorific-value gas. The outlet of the vertical gasifier is connected to the rotary cooler, which is connected to the dry magnetic separator. The rotary cooler is used to cool the material, and the dry magnetic separator is used to dry separate the material. After dry separation, residual carbon and metallized material are obtained. Dry grinding and dry separation machines are used to grind and separate metallized materials, and the resulting products are iron powder and coal ash.
2. The clean gas generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple lifting plates are installed on the rotary kiln shell in the coal pyrolysis zone and carbon gasification zone of the rotary gasifier. Each lifting plate is configured with a multi-segment arc surface structure along the cross-section of the rotary gasifier and is used for lifting materials.
3. The clean gas generator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting plates are arranged in a spiral shape on the rotary kiln shell along the length of the furnace.