High-extension variable-diameter combined chained jointed rock mass anchoring device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-extension variable-diameter combined chained jointed rock mass anchoring device, and belongs to the technical field of mineral engineering. The device is composed of an anchoring nut, a hollow grouting anchor rod body, a full-thread anchor rod body, a multi-stage connector, a high-strength chain and the like. Shallow joint fissure grouting reinforcement is achieved through the hollow grouting anchor rod body, chained extension of the anchor rod body is achieved through the connector with the built-in high-strength chain, and when a rock mass generates large deformation, the chain is stretched and unfolded after a thread of the connector loses efficacy, so that the overall ductility of the device is remarkably improved. The variable-diameter anchor rod connector is combined with the large-diameter full-thread anchor rod body, and the large-diameter anchoring head is matched, so that the uplift bearing capacity is remarkably improved. Multi-section combination is achieved through the equal-diameter and variable-diameter anchor rod connectors, the high-strength chain can bear the repeated shearing effect, and the problems that a traditional anchor rod is insufficient in ductility and poor in shearing resistance are solved. The device has the functions of grouting reinforcement, stress monitoring and dynamic extension, and is particularly suitable for non-uniform large-deformation supporting scenes of joint development rock mass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention patent belongs to the field of mining engineering technology, and in particular relates to a high-elongation variable-diameter combined chain joint rock mass anchoring device. Background Technology

[0002] Engineering rock masses, as the objects of excavation and support, exhibit significant discontinuities. Among these, jointed rock masses are very common. The presence of joint surfaces weakens the strength of the rock mass. Human excavation disrupts the original stress balance within the rock mass, leading to stress redistribution. During the adjustment process, the joint surfaces within the rock mass may slip and fail under stress, resulting in engineering damage.

[0003] Currently used tension anchors such as resin anchors and prestressed anchors are prone to stress concentration in their anchoring sections when anchoring jointed rock masses. Furthermore, due to the limited elongation of the materials themselves, they cannot withstand the non-uniform large deformations caused by rock slippage, ultimately breaking due to the impact of rock blocks after joint slippage. Traditional anchors, such as slotted pipe anchors and ordinary full-length anchors, have poor material ductility and are prone to breakage under shear forces or large deformations generated by joint slippage, failing to provide continuous support. While newer constant-resistance large-deformation anchors have high elongation, their overall length remains limited, preventing combination and ensuring no failure at the anchor head. Although the anchors themselves possess strong shear strength, their fatigue strength is limited, and the same anchor cannot withstand repeated shearing by the rock mass at the same location. Due to the unique failure characteristics of jointed rock masses, current anchors and devices are ill-suited to these conditions, ultimately leading to engineering disasters.

[0004] Therefore, in order to improve or even solve the above problems, it is necessary to develop a jointed rock mass anchoring device that has high elongation, can be combined, adapts to rock mass shear deformation, and whose anchoring end is not prone to failure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and improve the adaptability of anchor bolts to large deformations in jointed rock masses, the present invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of existing traditional anchor bolts and provide a high-elongation, variable-diameter combined chain-type jointed rock mass anchoring device that can adapt to rock mass shear deformation, thereby improving the stability of jointed rock masses and ensuring mining safety.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention relates to a high-elongation variable-diameter combined chain-jointed rock mass anchoring device. The device includes an anchoring nut, a grout stop plug, an anchoring tray, an anchor stress gauge, a hollow grouting anchor body, a constant-diameter grouting anchor connector, a high-strength chain, a constant-diameter anchor connector, a fully threaded anchor body, a variable-diameter anchor connector, a high-strength end-expanded chain, a large-diameter fully threaded anchor body, and an anchoring head.

[0008] The anchoring nut is mainly used for axial locking of the anchor rod body to ensure the sealing of the grouting backflow channel and the pull-out bearing capacity. It is mainly anchored on the hollow grouting anchor rod body outside the rock mass.

[0009] The grout stopper is trapezoidal conical barrel shaped with a hole in the middle equal to the diameter of the anchor rod. It is fitted onto the hollow grouting anchor rod body to block the opening of the anchor rod borehole and prevent grout from leaking out during high-pressure grouting.

[0010] The anchoring tray is a square steel plate with a hole in the middle. It is fitted onto the anchor rod body to evenly transmit the locking force of the anchor rod to the surrounding rock, preventing rock mass damage caused by local stress concentration.

[0011] The anchor stress gauge is installed between the anchor nut and the anchor tray to measure and monitor the axial tensile force of the anchor bolt.

[0012] The hollow grouting anchor body is made of high-strength alloy steel, and its interior has a continuous hollow structure, serving as a flow channel for the grouting fluid. The tail of the anchor body has a certain length of external thread, allowing it to be screwed tightly onto a grouting anchor connector of the same diameter. A circular locking ring is welded to the tail for connecting a high-strength chain.

[0013] The equal-diameter grouting anchor connector is made of high-strength resin material and is connected to the anchor body through internal threads at both ends. The connector has connecting holes on its side wall to serve as continuous grouting channels. A certain length of high-strength chain is stored inside the connector.

[0014] The high-strength chain is integrally formed and stored inside the connector;

[0015] The direct anchor bolt connector connects the front and rear fully threaded anchor bolt bodies, but does not contain connecting holes;

[0016] Both ends of the fully threaded anchor rod are welded with ring-shaped locking buckles for connecting high-strength chains. The end of the rod is threaded for connecting to an anchor rod connector of equal diameter.

[0017] The variable diameter anchor bolt connector is used to connect anchor bolt bodies of different diameters, with different diameters at both ends of the connector;

[0018] The high-strength end-expanded chain is used to connect anchor bolts of different diameters. The chain tail links are larger and are used to connect large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolts.

[0019] The large-diameter fully threaded anchor rod body is connected at one end to a high-strength end-expanded diameter type chain, the tail end is screwed tightly connected to the variable diameter anchor rod connector, and the other end is screwed tightly connected to the anchor head.

[0020] The anchor head is connected to the end of the large-diameter fully threaded anchor rod body, forming an enlarged end structure, increasing the contact area and improving the anchoring force.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. This invention combines hollow grouting anchor bodies with fully threaded anchor bodies to achieve grouting reinforcement of shallow joint surfaces and fissures in jointed rock masses, while fully threaded anchor bodies are used in the deep rock masses to improve the overall rigidity and strength of the anchor bodies.

[0023] 2. The equal-diameter grouting anchor connector, equal-diameter anchor connector, and variable-diameter anchor connector of this invention all store a certain length of high-strength chain inside. After large deformation of the jointed rock mass, the threaded connection between the connector and the anchor body fails, and the high-strength chain will elongate and be in a tensioned state, connecting the anchor body in series. The high-strength chain has strong mobility and can withstand repeated shearing action. Compared with traditional anchors, this invention has a high elongation rate and can adapt to large deformations caused by rock masses.

[0024] 3. The tail anchoring section of this invention employs a large-diameter fully threaded anchor body and anchor head. The large-diameter anchor head increases the contact area with the rock mass, while the large-diameter fully threaded anchor body increases rigidity. Compared to traditional anchors, this invention improves pull-out resistance, making the anchoring point less prone to slippage and failure.

[0025] 4. The components of the device designed in this invention are easy to manufacture, the structure is simple, and the construction process is simple. It achieves anchoring of jointed rock masses through characteristics such as high elongation, strong anchoring points, and high mobility. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the high-elongation variable-diameter combined chain-jointed rock mass anchoring device provided by the present invention when anchoring jointed rock mass;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-elongation variable-diameter combined chain joint rock mass anchoring device provided by the present invention when the jointed rock mass is not anchored.

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the equal-diameter grouting anchor bolt connector provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter anchor bolt connector provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow grouting anchor body provided by the present invention;

[0031] In the diagram: 1—Anchor nut; 2—Anchor tray; 3—Hollow grouting anchor body; 4—Equal diameter grouting anchor connector; 5—Fully threaded anchor body; 6—Equal diameter anchor connector; 7—Variable diameter anchor connector; 8—Large diameter fully threaded anchor body; 9—Anchor head; 10—Anchor stress ring; 11—Anchor stress counting display screen; 12—Grouting plug; 13—High-strength chain; 14—High-strength end-expanded chain; 15—Rock block; 16—Joint surface; 17—Grouting connecting hole; 18—Internal thread; 19—External thread; 20—Grouting channel. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described examples are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "middle," "lower," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms “installation,” “connection,” and “linkage” should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components. They can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-elongation variable-diameter combined chain-type jointed rock mass anchoring device under the condition of anchored jointed rock mass includes a fixed support device, an anchor stress monitoring device, a shallow rock mass grouting device, an anchor body connection device, a chain extension device, a variable-diameter anchor assembly, and an anchor point fixing device.

[0036] The fixed support device includes an anchor nut 1 and an anchor tray 2, both of which are arranged on the hollow grouting anchor body. The anchor nut 1 provides axial locking force, and the anchor tray 2 evenly distributes the axial locking force to the rock block 13.

[0037] The anchor stress monitoring device includes an anchor stress ring 10 and an anchor stress counting display screen 11. The anchor stress ring 10 is fitted on the hollow grouting anchor body 3 and arranged between the anchor nut 1 and the anchor tray 2. It is used to measure the axial stress of the anchor in real time. The anchor stress counting display screen 11 is used to display the anchor stress value.

[0038] The shallow rock mass grouting device includes a hollow grouting anchor body 3 and a grouting anchor connector 4 of equal diameter;

[0039] The anchor bolt body connection device includes an equal diameter anchor bolt connector 6 and a variable diameter anchor bolt connector 7, which are connected to the external thread of the anchor bolt body by tightening the internal threads at both ends.

[0040] The chain extension device includes a high-strength chain 13 and a high-strength end-expanded chain 14. Before the rock mass undergoes large deformation, these chains are stored in the equal-diameter grouting anchor connector 4, the equal-diameter anchor connector 6, and the variable-diameter anchor connector 7. After the rock mass undergoes large deformation, the high-strength chain 13 and the high-strength end-expanded chain 14 are in a stretched state, and the overall length of the anchoring device is extended.

[0041] The variable diameter anchor bolt assembly includes a fully threaded anchor bolt body 5 and a large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body 8. The fully threaded anchor bolt body 5, in conjunction with an equal-diameter anchor bolt connector 6 and a high-strength chain, can be continuously combined and lengthened. One end of the large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body 8 is connected to the variable diameter anchor bolt connector 5 via a variable-diameter anchor bolt connector 7 and a high-strength end-expanded chain 14, while the tail end is connected to the anchor head 9. The large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body 8 can withstand greater axial tensile force, has a larger contact area with the rock mass, and can provide stable anchoring force.

[0042] The anchor point fixing device includes an anchor head, which provides a more stable anchoring force by increasing the contact area.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, the high-elongation variable-diameter combined chain-type jointed rock mass anchoring device under unanchored jointed rock mass includes a fixed support device, an anchor stress monitoring device, a shallow rock mass grouting device, an anchor body connection device, a chain extension device, a variable-diameter anchor assembly, and an anchor point fixing device.

[0044] The fixed support device includes an anchor nut 1 and an anchor tray 2, both of which are arranged on the hollow grouting anchor body;

[0045] The anchor stress monitoring device includes an anchor stress ring 10 and an anchor stress counting display screen 11. The anchor stress ring 10 is fitted on the hollow grouting anchor body 3 and arranged between the anchor nut 1 and the anchor tray 2. It is used to measure the axial stress of the anchor in real time. The anchor stress counting display screen 11 is used to display the anchor stress value.

[0046] The shallow rock mass grouting device includes a hollow grouting anchor body 3 and a grouting anchor connector 4 of equal diameter;

[0047] The anchor bolt body connection device includes an equal diameter anchor bolt connector 6 and a variable diameter anchor bolt connector 7, which are connected to the external thread of the anchor bolt body by tightening the internal threads at both ends.

[0048] The chain extension device includes a high-strength chain 13 and a high-strength end-expanded chain 14;

[0049] The variable diameter anchor bolt assembly includes a fully threaded anchor bolt body 5 and a large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body 8. The fully threaded anchor bolt body 5, in conjunction with an equal-diameter anchor bolt connector 6 and a high-strength chain, can be continuously combined and lengthened. One end of the large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body 8 is connected to the variable diameter anchor bolt connector 5 via a variable-diameter anchor bolt connector 7 and a high-strength end-expanded chain 14, while the tail end is connected to the anchor head 9. The large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body 8 can withstand greater axial tensile force, has a larger contact area with the rock mass, and can provide stable anchoring force.

[0050] The anchor point fixing device includes an anchor head, which provides a more stable anchoring force by increasing the contact area.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, when the equal-diameter grouting anchor connector is anchored into the rock mass, the grout fills the joint surface and cracks through the grouting connection hole 17.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the variable diameter anchor bolt connector 7 connects the fully threaded anchor bolt body 5 and the large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body by tightening the internal threads 18 at both ends of the variable diameter anchor bolt connector 7 with the external threads of the anchor bolt body.

[0053] like Figure 5 As shown, when the hollow grouting anchor body is anchored to the rock mass, the grout flows through the grouting channel 20 in the hollow grouting anchor body 3 to the equal diameter grouting anchor connector 4. The hollow grouting anchor body 3 is connected to the equal diameter grouting anchor connector 4 through the internal thread 19.

[0054] A high-elongation, variable-diameter, combined chain-jointed rock mass anchoring device, when anchoring jointed rock mass, mainly includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. Anchoring borehole excavation: Based on the geological environment and ground stress of the area to be constructed, the depth, spacing and row spacing of the anchor bolt boreholes are calculated using numerical simulation methods, and the anchor bolt boreholes are excavated.

[0056] S2. Anchoring Device Installation: Install the large-diameter fully threaded anchor rod body, variable-diameter anchor rod connector, high-strength end-expanded chain, fully threaded anchor rod body, equal-diameter anchor rod connector, high-strength chain, hollow grouting anchor rod body, anchor rod stress gauge, anchoring tray, and anchoring nut according to the attached diagram in the instruction manual. Figure 2 Installation is carried out; the high-strength end-expanded chain and high-strength chain are stored inside the connector, and the fully threaded anchor body can be combined and lengthened according to the actual project conditions. The installed anchoring device is placed into the anchoring hole, and the end anchoring is achieved with the anchoring agent. Then, the anchoring nut is tightened according to the required prestress.

[0057] S3. Shallow rock mass grouting: After the anchoring device is anchored, there are a large number of joints and fissures in the shallow rock mass due to excavation and human disturbance. Grouting is carried out through the grouting channel of the hollow grouting anchor body. The grout is fast-setting high-strength concrete. The grout finally flows into the shallow rock mass through the connecting hole of the grouting anchor connector of equal diameter.

[0058] S4. Device Extension: After the rock mass undergoes large deformation under disturbance, some connectors of the anchoring device will fail, the high-strength chain stored inside will be straightened and in a tensile state, the overall length of the anchoring device will be extended, and the shape will no longer be a straight line. It can dynamically change with the deformation characteristics of the rock mass and adapt to the deformation of the jointed rock mass.

[0059] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-elongation, variable-diameter, combined chain-jointed rock mass anchoring device, characterized in that, The device mainly includes a fixed support device, an anchor bolt stress monitoring device, a shallow rock mass grouting device, an anchor bolt body connection device, a chain extension device, a variable diameter anchor bolt assembly, and an anchor point fixing device. The fixed support device includes an anchor nut and an anchor tray, both of which are arranged on the hollow grouting anchor body. The anchor nut provides axial locking force, and the anchor tray evenly distributes the axial locking force to the rock block. The anchor stress monitoring device includes an anchor stress ring and an anchor stress counting display screen. The anchor stress ring is sleeved on the hollow grouting anchor body and arranged between the anchor nut and the anchor tray. It is used to measure and display the axial stress of the anchor in real time. The shallow rock mass grouting device includes a hollow grouting anchor body and a grouting anchor connector of equal diameter. In the initial stage of rock mass anchoring, the grout flows through the grouting channel in the hollow grouting anchor body to the grouting anchor connector of equal diameter, and finally fills the shallow joint surface and cracks of the rock mass through the grouting connection hole. The anchor bolt body connection device includes an equal diameter anchor bolt connector and a variable diameter anchor bolt connector, which are connected to the external thread of the anchor bolt body by tightening the internal threads at both ends. The chain extension device includes a high-strength chain and a high-strength end-expanded chain. Before the rock mass undergoes large deformation, the chain is stored in the equal-diameter grouting anchor connector, the equal-diameter anchor connector, and the variable-diameter anchor connector. After the rock mass undergoes large deformation, the high-strength chain and the high-strength end-expanded chain are in a stretched state, and the overall length of the anchoring device is extended in a chain-like manner. The variable diameter anchor bolt assembly includes a fully threaded anchor bolt body and a large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body. The fully threaded anchor bolt body, in conjunction with an equal-diameter anchor bolt connector and a high-strength chain, can be continuously combined and lengthened. One end of the large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body is connected to a high-strength end-expanded chain and a variable-diameter anchor bolt connector through a variable-diameter anchor bolt connector, and the tail end is connected to the anchor head. The large-diameter fully threaded anchor bolt body can withstand greater axial tensile force, has a larger contact area with the rock mass, and provides stable anchoring force. The anchor point fixing device includes an anchor head, which provides a more stable anchoring force by increasing the contact area.

2. The high-elongation variable-diameter combined chain-jointed rock mass anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both ends of the fully threaded anchor rod are welded with ring locks for connecting high-strength chains; the end of the rod has threads for connecting equal-diameter anchor rod connectors or variable-diameter anchor rod connectors. The fully threaded anchor rod can be continuously combined and extended according to the size of the anchored rock mass.

3. The high-elongation variable-diameter combined chain-jointed rock mass anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable diameter anchor connector has different diameters at both ends, and can connect fully threaded anchor bodies as well as large-diameter fully threaded anchor bodies. It also stores high-strength end-expanded chain internally.

4. The high-elongation variable-diameter combined chain-jointed rock mass anchoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shallow rock mass grouting device includes a hollow grouting anchor body and a grouting anchor connector of equal diameter. The hollow grouting anchor body has a continuous hollow structure inside, serving as a flow channel for the grouting fluid. The tail of the anchor body has an external thread of a certain length, which can be screwed tightly onto the grouting anchor connector of equal diameter. A circular locking buckle is welded to the tail, which can connect a high-strength chain and store it inside the connector. The side wall of the grouting anchor connector of equal diameter has a connecting hole, serving as a continuous grouting channel.

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