Leaching test device for coal gangue pollution release

Abstract

The utility model discloses a leaching test device for coal gangue pollution release, which comprises a plurality of test cylinders stacked up and down, the bottom of each test cylinder is provided with a bearing filter plate, and the side wall of the lower part of each test cylinder is provided with a filtrate outlet. A loading flow equalizing disc for applying set pressure to coal gangue placed in the test cylinder is arranged in the test cylinder, a plurality of uniformly distributed flow equalizing holes are formed in the loading flow equalizing disc, and a spraying assembly is arranged above the uppermost test cylinder. According to the leaching test device for coal gangue pollution release disclosed by the utility model, the loading flow equalizing disc is arranged in each layer of test cylinder, so that graded coal gangue particles with constant mass can be compacted according to different compaction densities, and the release rule under the condition of different compaction densities can be truly reflected; and meanwhile, the loading flow equalizing disc can achieve the effects of preventing spraying liquid from directly impacting coal gangue particles and preventing wall flow, the preferential flow phenomenon is avoided, and the measurement accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of environmental pollution detection technology, and in particular relates to a test device for the release of pollution from coal gangue. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of environmental pollution assessment and resource utilization of coal gangue, leaching tests are a core method for analyzing the release patterns of pollutants such as heavy metals and fluorides. Coal gangue accounts for more than 40% of my country's annual industrial solid waste emissions. During its open-air storage or roadbed paving, pollutants can cause water and soil pollution through leaching and migration via precipitation. Therefore, accurately obtaining pollution release data is crucial for risk prevention and control.

[0003] Existing leaching experimental techniques mostly employ column leaching, simulating the leaching process through top-down spraying. Some devices are even designed with a stratified filtrate collection structure. However, this method has the following drawbacks: 1. It cannot simulate the pollution gradient formed by differences in roadbed compaction, making it difficult to accurately reflect the release patterns under different compaction densities, and thus limiting its applicability. 2. Existing leaching cylinders are prone to wall flow effects, and during sample loading, water flow impacts can easily cause stratification or particle floating, exacerbating preferential flow phenomena and affecting the accuracy of pollutant concentration measurements. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the background art above, and to provide a leaching test device for coal gangue pollution release that can truly reflect the release law under different compaction densities and has high accuracy.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A leaching test device for coal gangue pollution release includes multiple test cylinders stacked vertically. The bottom of each test cylinder is provided with a support filter plate, and the lower side wall of each test cylinder is provided with a filtrate outlet. Inside each test cylinder is a loading and equalization plate for applying a set pressure to the coal gangue placed inside the test cylinder. The loading and equalization plate is provided with multiple evenly distributed equalization holes. A spraying assembly is provided above the uppermost test cylinder.

[0007] In the aforementioned leaching test apparatus, preferably, the inner wall of the test cylinder is provided with internal threads, and the edge of the loading distribution plate is provided with external threads to match the internal threads of the inner wall of the test cylinder. The internal and external threads allow for the installation and fixation of the loading distribution plate within the test cylinder. The degree to which the loading distribution plate is screwed in adjusts the set pressure applied to the coal gangue by the loading distribution plate, thus meeting the requirements of different roadbed compaction densities. Screwing in and out of the loading distribution plate can be achieved by directly applying rotational pressure to the surface of the loading distribution plate or by using a tool, such as making the central distribution hole a hexagon of a specific size, and using a hexagonal tool of a specific size to install, remove, and adjust the loading pressure of the loading distribution plate. Furthermore, the threaded connection between the loading distribution plate and the test cylinder also achieves a sealed connection between the loading distribution plate and the test cylinder, preventing the sprayed liquid from flowing directly down the smooth sidewall of the test cylinder and causing a wall flow effect, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the test results.

[0008] In the aforementioned leaching test apparatus, preferably, the upper and lower ends of the plurality of test cylinders are respectively provided with connecting flanges, and adjacent test cylinders are detachably connected through the connecting flanges. Connecting multiple test cylinders through the connecting flanges facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the multiple test cylinders and allows for adjustment of the number of test cylinders. The connecting flanges are evenly provided with screw holes, and the upper and lower connecting flanges are fixed together by bolts.

[0009] In the aforementioned leaching test apparatus, preferably, a rotating positioning block is connected to the connecting flange, and the rotating positioning block has a rotating hole. The leaching test apparatus also includes a vertical positioning shaft located on the side of the test cylinder. The rotating positioning block is rotatably mounted on the vertical positioning shaft through the rotating hole. The vertical positioning shaft and the rotating positioning block allow the test cylinder to rotate horizontally, facilitating the feeding operation of the test cylinder. Because the stabilizing frame or spray assembly may affect the addition of coal gangue to the test cylinder, the test cylinder is rotated to a position away from the stabilizing frame or spray assembly during feeding to facilitate feeding. After feeding, it is rotated back to the test position. Furthermore, traditional flange connections require ensuring that the bolt holes on the flange are aligned, which is a complex adjustment process. This invention, by setting rotating positioning blocks on the connecting flange, allows for a unified determination of the installation position of each rotating positioning block relative to each connecting flange. When connecting the upper and lower connecting flanges, it is only necessary to rotate the upper and lower connecting flanges until the rotating positioning blocks are aligned. Compared to adjusting the bolt hole alignment, this adjustment method is simpler and easier to operate. In addition, the rotating positioning block of the lower test cylinder can also serve as a load-bearing component of the upper test cylinder, which helps to improve the stability of the upper test cylinder when it rotates.

[0010] In the above-described leaching test apparatus, preferably, a rubber ring is provided between adjacent upper and lower connecting flanges. The rubber ring improves the sealing performance of the apparatus and reduces filtrate leakage. More preferably, the connecting flanges may also have mounting grooves for installing the rubber ring.

[0011] In the aforementioned leaching test apparatus, preferably, the spraying assembly includes a liquid supply tank, a liquid supply pipe, a liquid supply pump, and a spray head. One end of the liquid supply pipe is connected to the liquid supply tank, and the other end is connected to the spray head. The liquid supply pump is mounted on the liquid supply pipe, and the spray head is positioned above the uppermost test cylinder. Spraying liquid is added to the liquid supply tank and transported to the spray head via the liquid supply pump and supply pipe to facilitate the test.

[0012] In the aforementioned leaching test apparatus, preferably, the filtrate outlet is connected to a filtrate tube, the end of the filtrate tube is equipped with a filtrate collection bottle, and the filtrate tube is equipped with a stratified filtrate valve. Each test cylinder has a filtrate outlet connected to a filtrate tube for drawing out the filtrate from the bottom of each test cylinder to analyze the permeate properties under different heights and pressures. Each stratified filtrate valve is opened when sampling is required and remains closed at other times.

[0013] In the aforementioned leaching test apparatus, preferably, a storage tank is provided below the lowest test cylinder. The storage tank is funnel-shaped and has a bottom filtrate valve at its outlet. The storage tank is used for the filtrate passing through the test cylinder to reflect the overall filtrate condition. The bottom filtrate valve is opened when sampling is required and remains closed at other times.

[0014] Preferably, in the above-mentioned leaching test apparatus, the leaching test apparatus further includes a stabilizing frame, on which the lowermost test cylinder is mounted. The stabilizing frame is the basic fixing component of the test apparatus, which facilitates the improvement of the apparatus's stability.

[0015] In the above-mentioned leaching test apparatus, preferably, all test cylinders and connecting flanges can be made of plexiglass and glued together. Using plexiglass test cylinders makes it easier to observe the internal flow.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are:

[0017] This utility model discloses a leaching test device for coal gangue pollution release. By employing a multi-test cylinder design, it can simultaneously monitor the pollution release patterns of coal gangue at different depths and compaction densities, solving the problem of insufficient layered monitoring in traditional single-layer devices. Furthermore, each test cylinder is equipped with a loading and equalization plate that can compact a constant mass of graded coal gangue particles at different compaction densities, accurately reflecting the release patterns under different compaction density conditions. Simultaneously, the loading and equalization plate prevents the sprayed liquid from directly impacting the coal gangue particles and prevents wall flow, avoiding preferential flow phenomena and improving measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the leaching test device for coal gangue pollution release in the embodiment.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test cylinder and the vertical positioning shaft in the embodiment.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test cylinder in the embodiment (the connecting flange is not shown).

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the load equalization disk in the embodiment.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a top view of the connecting flange in the embodiment.

[0024] Legend

[0025] 1. Test cylinder; 101. Supporting filter plate; 102. Filtrate outlet; 2. Loading flow equalization plate; 201. Flow equalization hole; 3. Connecting flange; 4. Rotary positioning block; 401. Rotation hole; 5. Vertical positioning shaft; 6. Liquid supply tank; 7. Liquid supply pipe; 8. Liquid supply pump; 9. Spray head; 10. Filtrate pipe; 11. Filtrate collection bottle; 12. Layered filtrate valve; 13. Liquid storage tank; 14. Bottom layer filtrate valve; 15. Stabilizing frame. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To facilitate understanding of this utility model, it will be described more comprehensively and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, the scope of protection of this utility model is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

[0027] It should be noted that when a component is described as being "fixed to, attached to, connected to or connected to" another component, it can be directly fixed to, attached to, connected to or connected to the other component, or it can be indirectly fixed to, attached to, connected to or connected to the other component through other intermediate connectors.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0030] Example:

[0031] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the leaching test device for coal gangue pollution release in this embodiment includes three test cylinders 1 stacked vertically. The bottom of the test cylinder 1 is provided with a support filter plate 101, and the lower side wall of the test cylinder 1 is provided with a filtrate outlet 102. The test cylinder 1 is provided with a loading equalization plate 2 for applying a set pressure to the coal gangue placed in the test cylinder 1. The loading equalization plate 2 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed equalization holes 201. A spray assembly is provided above the uppermost test cylinder 1. The spray assembly includes a liquid supply tank 6, a liquid supply pipe 7, a liquid supply pump 8, and a spray head 9. One end of the liquid supply pipe 7 is connected to the liquid supply tank 6, and the other end is connected to the spray head 9. The liquid supply pump 8 is provided on the liquid supply pipe 7, and the spray head 9 is provided above the uppermost test cylinder 1.

[0032] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the test cylinder 1 is provided with an internal thread, and the edge of the loading flow equalization disk 2 is provided with an external thread for matching the internal thread of the inner wall of the test cylinder 1.

[0033] In this embodiment, the upper and lower ends of the multiple test cylinders 1 are respectively provided with connecting flanges 3, and adjacent test cylinders 1 are detachably connected by connecting flanges 3, and a rubber ring is provided between the upper and lower adjacent connecting flanges 3.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, a rotating positioning block 4 is connected to the connecting flange 3, and a rotating hole 401 is provided on the rotating positioning block 4. The leaching test device also includes a vertical positioning shaft 5 located on the side of the test cylinder 1. The rotating positioning block 4 can be rotatably mounted on the vertical positioning shaft 5 through the rotating hole 401.

[0035] In this embodiment, the filtrate outlet 102 is connected to the filtrate tube 10, the end outlet of the filtrate tube 10 is provided with a filtrate collection bottle 11, and the filtrate tube 10 is provided with a stratified filtrate valve 12.

[0036] In this embodiment, a liquid storage tank 13 is provided below the bottom test cylinder 1. The liquid storage tank 13 is funnel-shaped and a bottom filter valve 14 is provided at the outlet.

[0037] In this embodiment, the leaching test device also includes a stabilizing frame 15, with the lowest test cylinder 1 mounted on the stabilizing frame 15.

[0038] In other embodiments, other numbers of test tubes 1 may also be used.

[0039] Specifically, the leaching test device in this embodiment can be as follows: Three test cylinders 1 made of plexiglass are selected according to different burial depths. The height of the test cylinder 1 is 30cm, the inner diameter is 15cm, and the wall thickness is 1.5cm. The upper and lower ends of each test cylinder 1 are fixed with plexiglass connecting flanges 3 by high-strength acid and alkali resistant adhesive. The diameter of the connecting flanges 3 is 18cm and the thickness is 1cm. Acid and alkali resistant nitrile rubber rings are embedded between adjacent connecting flanges 3. The rubber rings have a diameter of 1cm and a circular cross section. The test cylinders 1 are vertically connected to the crossbeam of the stable frame 15 by eight sets of M8 bolts to form a detachable multi-layer structure. Meanwhile, a stainless steel vertical positioning shaft 5 is set on one side of the test cylinder 1. A rotating positioning block 4 is connected to the connecting flange 3. The rotating positioning block 4 has a rotating hole 401. The rotating positioning block 4 can be rotatably fitted onto the vertical positioning shaft 5 through the rotating hole 401. After assembly, it is necessary to ensure that the test cylinder 1 can rotate horizontally along the vertical positioning shaft 5 without jamming or offset, so as to facilitate the subsequent coal gangue filling operation and the positioning of the upper and lower test cylinders 1. After the test cylinder 1 is assembled, the spray head 9 is fixed 15cm directly above the uppermost test cylinder 1 by a metal bracket. The interface of the spray head 9 is connected to the liquid supply pipe 7 by a thread. The liquid supply pipe 7 is made of PVC, with an inner diameter of 1.5cm. A liquid supply pump 8 is installed in the middle section. The model of the liquid supply pump 8 is MP-30R, with a maximum flow rate of 30mL / min. Each test cylinder 1 has a filtrate outlet 102 on the lower side wall, with a diameter of 2 cm and a center distance of 5 cm from the bottom of the cylinder. The outlet is connected to a filtrate tube 10 via a thread. Each filtrate tube 10 outlet is connected to a transparent polypropylene filtrate collection bottle 11 with a capacity of 500 mL and graduations. A tiered filtrate valve 12 is installed on the filtrate tube 10, with a brass body and a specification of DN15. Finally, a funnel-shaped liquid storage tank 13 is connected to the bottom of the lowest test cylinder 1 via a connecting flange 3. The liquid storage tank 13 is made of PP. The bottom opening of the liquid storage tank 13 is connected to a bottom filtrate valve 14 and a lower filtrate collection container with a capacity of 1000 mL and graduations via a thread.

[0040] In this embodiment, coal gangue for highway subgrade backfilling was selected and sampled from a mining area in Shanxi Province with an initial moisture content of 8%. After being crushed by a jaw crusher, the gangue was screened through a standard sieve to obtain graded particles, of which 60% were particles with a diameter of 0.5-2cm and 40% were particles with a diameter of 2-5cm. The graded particles were dried in an oven at 105℃ to constant weight for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, three portions of coal gangue were accurately weighed, each with a mass of 3.00kg and a weighing accuracy of 0.01g, corresponding to the filling requirements of test cylinder 1. After the coal gangue is prepared, the test cylinder 1 is rotated to a position that facilitates feeding by using the vertical positioning shaft 5. One part of 3.00 kg graded coal gangue is slowly poured into the test cylinder 1, and the surface of the coal gangue is leveled with a scraper. Then, the loading equalization plate 2 is placed stably on top of the coal gangue. The loading equalization plate 2 is made of plexiglass with a thickness of 0.8 cm, and multiple equalization holes 201 with a diameter of 0.5 cm are evenly distributed on the plate surface.

[0041] According to the design requirements for the compaction degree of the roadbed layers, different pressures were applied to the loading and equalization disk 2 of the test cylinder 1 using a pressure testing machine. The upper test cylinder 1 was subjected to a pressure of 80 kPa, which corresponds to a surface compaction degree of 93% for the roadbed; the middle test cylinder 1 was subjected to a pressure of 100 kPa, which corresponds to a middle compaction degree of 95% for the roadbed; and the lower test cylinder 1 was subjected to a pressure of 120 kPa, which corresponds to a subgrade compaction degree of 96% for the roadbed. The pressure was maintained for 5 minutes to complete the compaction. After compaction, the test cylinder 1 was reset, and the coal gangue layer was checked for loosening or displacement before proceeding to the leaching test.

[0042] In this embodiment, deionized water is added to the supply tank 6, followed by the slow addition of 0.01 mol / L sulfuric acid solution and 0.005 mol / L nitric acid solution. The pH is monitored in real-time using a pH meter while adding the solution, and the pH is adjusted to 4.5 to simulate acid rain spray solution. The total volume of the prepared solution is 5 L. After stirring evenly, it is allowed to stand for 30 minutes for later use. After the spray solution is prepared, the supply pump 8 is turned on, and the pump speed is set to 1500 r / min to stabilize the spray rate of the spray head 9 at 5 mL / min. The spray solution is then evenly sprayed onto the loading equalization plate 2 of the uppermost test cylinder 1, and penetrates into the coal gangue layer through the equalization holes 201, avoiding direct impact of the spray solution on the coal gangue particles. During the experiment, the internal state is observed in real-time through the test cylinder 1 made of plexiglass. If particles are found to block the equalization holes 201 or wall flow occurs, the supply pump 8 is immediately shut off, cleaned, and restarted.

[0043] In this embodiment, according to the preset time nodes, the stratified filtrate valve 12 on the side of each test cylinder 1 is opened to collect the stratified pollutant precipitate and the bottom pollutant precipitate for comparative analysis of the overall pollution release of multi-layer coal gangue.

[0044] The leaching test apparatus of this embodiment, through the design of a multi-layer separable test cylinder 1, can simultaneously monitor the pollution release patterns of coal gangue at different depths, facilitating the stratified collection of leachate, reducing experimental errors, improving data accuracy, and avoiding the limitations of traditional single-layer devices. Furthermore, each test cylinder 1 is equipped with a loading and equalization plate 2, which can compact a constant mass of graded coal gangue particles at different compaction degrees. This also prevents the sprayed liquid from directly impacting the coal gangue particles and prevents wall flow. The test cylinder 1 is equipped with a vertical positioning shaft 5 for easy loading of coal gangue. The apparatus has a simple structure, is easy to assemble and disassemble, and is suitable for simulating various leaching conditions, such as acid rain erosion, providing an effective tool for the resource utilization of coal gangue and environmental pollution control.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A leaching test apparatus for coal gangue pollution release, characterized in that, The test cylinder (1) includes multiple stacked test cylinders (1), with a support filter plate (101) at the bottom of the test cylinder (1) and a filtrate outlet (102) on the lower side wall of the test cylinder (1). The test cylinder (1) is equipped with a loading equalization plate (2) for applying a set pressure to the coal gangue placed inside the test cylinder (1). The loading equalization plate (2) is equipped with multiple evenly distributed equalization holes (201). A spray assembly is provided above the uppermost test cylinder (1).

2. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the test cylinder (1) is provided with an internal thread, and the edge of the loading flow equalization plate (2) is provided with an external thread for matching the internal thread of the inner wall of the test cylinder (1).

3. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower ends of the plurality of test cylinders (1) are respectively provided with connecting flanges (3), and adjacent test cylinders (1) are detachably connected through the connecting flanges (3).

4. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting flange (3) is connected to a rotating positioning block (4), and the rotating positioning block (4) has a rotating hole (401). The leaching test device also includes a vertical positioning shaft (5) located on the side of the test cylinder (1). The rotating positioning block (4) is rotatably mounted on the vertical positioning shaft (5) through the rotating hole (401).

5. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, A rubber ring is provided between the upper and lower adjacent connecting flanges (3).

6. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray assembly includes a liquid supply tank (6), a liquid supply pipe (7), a liquid supply pump (8), and a spray head (9). One end of the liquid supply pipe (7) is connected to the liquid supply tank (6), and the other end is connected to the spray head (9). The liquid supply pump (8) is located on the liquid supply pipe (7), and the spray head (9) is located above the uppermost test cylinder (1).

7. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtrate outlet (102) is connected to a filtrate tube (10), and a filtrate collection bottle (11) is provided at the end outlet of the filtrate tube (10). A stratified filtrate valve (12) is provided on the filtrate tube (10).

8. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Below the test cylinder (1) at the bottom is a liquid storage tank (13), which is funnel-shaped and has a bottom filter valve (14) at the outlet.

9. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leaching test device also includes a stabilizing frame (15), and the test cylinder (1) at the bottom is mounted on the stabilizing frame (15).

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