Skull implant

Abstract

The utility model provides a skull implant which comprises an implant body, a plurality of first holes are formed in the surface of the implant body, the porosity of the implant body ranges from 5% to 50%, a plurality of second holes are formed in the edge of the implant body, and an included angle is formed between the hole axis of each second hole and the plane where the edge of the implant body is located. After the skull implant is implanted, the first hole in the implant main body assists liquid diffusion and cell tissue ingrowth, a small amount of subcutaneous effusion can be dispersed and absorbed by the cell tissue, and a false membrane is prevented from being formed between the skull implant and the cell tissue, so that the occurrence rate of generation of the subcutaneous effusion is reduced. When the skull implant is used, the edge of the implant body makes contact with bone tissue, the second hole is matched with the direction in which the bone grows into the skull implant, conditions are provided for the bone tissue to grow into the skull implant, the integration effect of the bone tissue and the skull implant is improved, and bone growth and healing can be effectively promoted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical implants, especially relates to a skull implant. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the artificial material used for cranioplasty in neurosurgery is mainly metal titanium and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and PEEK is an artificial polymer material applied to cranioplasty in recent years, which has the advantages of good biocompatibility, low complication rate and strong plasticity. The surface of the current PEEK cranioplasty plate is relatively smooth, and there is a problem of high incidence of subcutaneous hydrops after implantation. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical purpose of the utility model is to provide a skull implant, which aims to solve the problem of high incidence of subcutaneous hydrops after implantation.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model improves a kind of skull implant, including implant main part, the surface of the implant main part is equipped with multiple first holes, the porosity of the implant main part is 5%-50%, the edge of the implant main part is equipped with multiple second holes, the hole axis of the second hole and the edge of the implant main part The included angle between the surface is formed.

[0005] Further, the surface includes an inner surface and an outer surface, and the inner surface and the outer surface are each provided with a plurality of first holes.

[0006] Further, the first hole penetrates the implant main body.

[0007] Further, the first hole has a pore size of 200 μm-500 μm.

[0008] Further, the implant main body includes a first region, the first region includes a first inner layer and a first outer layer, the first inner layer has a porosity of 15%-20%, the first inner layer has a pore size of 400 μm-500 μm, the first inner layer has a thickness of 0.8 mm-2.0 mm, the first outer layer has a porosity of 5%-10%, the first outer layer has a pore size of 200 μm-300 μm, and the first outer layer has a thickness of 1.6 mm-3.2 mm.

[0009] Further, the implant main body includes a second region, the second region has a porosity of 23%-46%, the second region has a pore size of 300 μm-400 μm, and the second region has a thickness of 2.1 mm-19.1 mm.

[0010] Further, the implant body comprises a third region, the third region comprises a third inner layer and a third outer layer, the third inner layer has a porosity of 15%-20%, the third inner layer is located in the first hole with a pore size of 400-500 μm, the third inner layer has a thickness of 0.7-1.5 mm, the third outer layer has a porosity of 5%-15%, the third outer layer is located in the first hole with a pore size of 250-350 μm, and the third outer layer has a thickness of 1.3-2.5 mm.

[0011] Further, the implant body comprises a fourth region, the fourth region has a porosity of 30%-40%, the fourth region is located in the first hole with a pore size of 400-500 μm, and the fourth region has a thickness gradually increasing from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0012] Further, the implant body comprises a third hole, the third hole is in communication with the first hole, and the third hole has a larger pore size than the first hole.

[0013] Further, the implant body comprises a third hole, the third hole is in communication with the first hole, and the third hole has a pore size of 1.8-2.2 mm.

[0014] Further, the implant body has a gradually decreasing density of the first hole and a gradually increasing pore size of the first hole from one side to the other side.

[0015] Further, the second hole has an angle of 90 degrees between the hole axis and the surface where the edge of the implant body is located.

[0016] Further, the implant body is provided with a reinforcing rib.

[0017] The utility model discloses a skull implant, and the skull implant comprises an implant body, the surface of the implant body is provided with a plurality of first holes, the implant body has a porosity of 5%-50%, the edge of the implant body is provided with a plurality of second holes, and the second hole has an angle between the hole axis and the surface where the edge of the implant body is located. After implanting the skull implant, the first hole on the implant body helps liquid diffusion and cell tissue growth, a small amount of subcutaneous hydrops can be dispersed and absorbed by cell tissue, the formation of a false membrane between the skull implant and the cell tissue is avoided, and the incidence of subcutaneous hydrops is reduced. The edge of the implant body is in contact with bone tissue, the second hole is adapted to the direction of bone growth into the skull implant, provides conditions for bone tissue to grow into the skull implant, improves the integration effect of bone tissue and the skull implant, and effectively promotes bone growth and healing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1is a whole structure schematic diagram of a skull implant in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 is a whole structure schematic diagram of a skull implant in another embodiment of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 is a structure diagram of a skull implant in an embodiment of the utility model (omits the first hole to avoid confusion with the second hole).

[0021] In the drawings, various reference signs represent: 1, implant main body; 2, first hole; 3, edge; 4, second hole; 12, second area; 13, third area; 14, fourth area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The embodiments of the utility model are described in detail below, the examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference signs represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the utility model, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the utility model, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor based on the embodiments in the utility model belong to the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0023] In the description of the utility model, it is understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "circumferential", "radial" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the utility model.

[0024] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the utility model, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0025] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 and the drawings, Figure 2As shown in the figure, the skull implant includes an implant body 1, and a plurality of first holes 2 are arranged on the surface of the implant body 1. After the skull implant is implanted, the first holes 2 on the implant body 1 help liquid diffusion and cell tissue growth, can disperse a small amount of subcutaneous hydrops and absorb it through cell tissue, avoid the formation of a false membrane between the skull implant and the cell tissue, and thus reduce the incidence of subcutaneous hydrops.

[0026] The porosity of the implant body 1 is 5%-50%. Within the porosity range, the integration effect of the cell tissue after the skull implant is better. For example, the porosity of the implant body 1 is 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, and the porosity can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples.

[0027] As shown in the figure, the edge 3 of the implant body 1 is provided with a plurality of second holes 4, and an included angle is formed between the hole axis of the second hole 4 and the face where the edge 3 of the implant body 1 is located. Figure 3 As can be understood, the included angle is formed between the hole axis of the second hole 4 and the face where the edge 3 of the implant body 1 is located, and when the edge 3 of the implant body 1 contacts the bone tissue, the hole axis of the second hole 4 faces the bone tissue, so that the bone tissue grows into the skull implant through the second hole 4. The edge 3 of the implant body 1 contacts the bone tissue, the second hole 4 is adapted to the direction of the bone growing into the skull implant, and provides conditions for the bone tissue growing into the skull implant, improves the integration effect of the bone tissue and the skull implant, and effectively promotes bone growth and healing.

[0028] As can be understood, the included angle is formed between the hole axis of the second hole 4 and the face where the edge 3 of the implant body 1 is located, and when the edge 3 of the implant body 1 contacts the bone tissue, the hole axis of the second hole 4 faces the bone tissue, so that the bone tissue grows into the skull implant through the second hole 4. The edge 3 of the implant body 1 contacts the bone tissue, the second hole 4 is adapted to the direction of the bone growing into the skull implant, and provides conditions for the bone tissue growing into the skull implant, improves the integration effect of the bone tissue and the skull implant, and effectively promotes bone growth and healing.

[0029] The skull implant has a porous structure, can significantly reduce the weight of the implant while ensuring sufficient mechanical strength, improves the postoperative comfort of the patient, and reduces the foreign body sensation.

[0030] Exemplarily, the skull implant is made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) or modified polyether ether ketone, preferably modified polyether ether ketone, and the polyether ether ketone is modified by bioceramic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) to improve the biocompatibility of the material. The modified material overcomes the biological inertness of PEEK material and the low mechanical performance and brittleness of bioceramic material, thereby obtaining a material with comprehensive mechanical and biological performance. Preferably, the content of BCP can be in the range of 0%-50%, preferably in the range of 10%-20%, and excellent comprehensive performance of mechanical and biocompatibility can be obtained.

[0031] In some embodiments, the surface includes an inner surface and an outer surface, and both the inner surface and the outer surface are provided with a plurality of first holes 2. The first holes 2 on the inner surface are respectively communicated with the dura mater side, and the first holes 2 on the outer surface are respectively communicated with the scalp side. After implanting the skull implant, the tissue fluid accumulated on the dura mater side and the scalp side can be naturally drained to the subcutaneous tissue through the pore channel of the first hole 2, absorbed by capillary vessels, and the incidence of subcutaneous hydrops is reduced.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first hole 2 penetrates the implant body 1, and the first hole 2 is respectively communicated with the dura mater side and the scalp side at both ends. After implanting the skull implant, the tissue fluid accumulated on the dura mater side and the scalp side can be naturally drained to the subcutaneous tissue through the pore channel of the first hole 2, absorbed by capillary vessels, and the incidence of subcutaneous hydrops is reduced.

[0033] In some embodiments, the pore diameter of the first hole 2 is 200 μm-500 μm. The pore diameter of the first hole 2 is designed to be suitable for soft tissue and / or cell tissue ingrowth, promote the combination of soft tissue and / or cell tissue with the skull implant, and improve the stability of the skull implant after implantation. Exemplarily, the pore diameter of the first hole 2 is 200 μm, 201 μm, 202 μm, 203 μm, 204 μm, 205 μm, 206 μm, 207 μm, 208 μm, 209 μm, 210 μm... 498 μm, 499 μm, 500 μm. The pore diameter of the first hole 2 can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples.

[0034] In some embodiments, the implant body 1 comprises a first region (not labeled in the figures), which corresponds to a frontal bone position in the skull. According to the physiological skull structure data of the human body, the region structure corresponding to the frontal bone is designed on the skull implant. The first region comprises a first inner layer and a first outer layer, which are connected. After the skull implant is implanted, the first inner layer is close to the dura mater side, and the first outer layer is close to the scalp side. The porosity of the first inner layer is 15%-20%, the pore size of the first pore 2 where the first inner layer is located is 400μm-500μm, the thickness of the first inner layer is 0.8mm-2.0mm, the porosity of the first outer layer is 5%-10%, the pore size of the first pore 2 where the first outer layer is located is 200μm-300μm, and the thickness of the first outer layer is 1.6mm-3.2mm. In this way, the first region achieves a structure similar to that of the frontal bone of the human body, thereby achieving a bionic effect. Illustratively, the porosity of the first inner layer is 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, or 20%. The porosity of the first inner layer can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the pore size of the first pore 2 where the first inner layer is located is 400μm, 401μm, 402μm, 403μm,..., 498μm, 499μm, or 500μm. The pore size of the first pore 2 where the first inner layer is located can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the thickness of the first inner layer is 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, or 2.0mm. The thickness of the first inner layer can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the porosity of the first outer layer is 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10%. The porosity of the first outer layer can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the pore size of the first pore 2 where the first outer layer is located is 200μm, 201μm, 202μm, 203μm, 204μm, 205μm, 206μm,..., 298μm, 299μm, or 300μm. The pore size of the first pore 2 where the first outer layer is located can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the thickness of the first outer layer is 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 2.6mm, 2.7mm, 2.8mm, 2.9mm, 3.0mm, 3.1mm, or 3.2mm. The thickness of the first outer layer can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples.

[0035] In some embodiments, the implant body 1 comprises a second region 12 corresponding to a temporal bone position in the skull. According to the human physiological skull structure data, the region structure corresponding to the temporal bone is designed on the skull implant. The porosity of the second region 12 is 23%-46%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the second region 12 is located is 300μm-400μm, and the thickness of the second region 12 is 2.1mm-19.1mm. In this way, the second region 12 achieves a structure similar to that of the human temporal bone structure, thereby achieving a bionic effect, and further enabling the bone tissue, soft tissue and cell tissue to better integrate with the skull implant after the human body implants the skull implant. Illustratively, the porosity of the second region 12 is 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%. The porosity of the second region 12 can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the second region 12 is located is 300μm, 301μm, 302μm, 303μm, 304μm...398μm, 399μm, 400μm. The pore size of the first hole 2 where the second region 12 is located can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the thickness of the second region 12 is 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm...18.9mm, 19.0mm, 19.1mm. The thickness of the second region 12 can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples.

[0036] In some embodiments, the implant body 1 comprises a third region 13 corresponding to a parietal bone position in the skull. According to human physiological skull structure data, a region structure corresponding to the parietal bone is designed on the skull implant. The third region 13 comprises a third inner layer and a third outer layer, which are connected, and after the skull implant is implanted, the third inner layer is close to the dura mater side, and the third outer layer is close to the scalp side. The porosity of the third inner layer is 15%-20%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the third inner layer is located is 400μm-500μm, the thickness of the third inner layer is 0.7mm-1.5mm, the porosity of the third outer layer is 5%-15%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the third outer layer is located is 250μm-350μm, and the thickness of the third outer layer is 1.3mm-2.5mm. In this way, the third region 13 achieves a structure similar to that of the human parietal bone, thereby achieving a bionic effect, and further enabling the bone tissue, soft tissue and cell tissue to better integrate with the skull implant after the human body is implanted with the skull implant. Illustratively, the porosity of the third inner layer is 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, or 20%, and the porosity of the third inner layer can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the third inner layer is located is 400μm, 401μm, 402μm, 403μm, 404μm,..., 498μm, 499μm, or 500μm. The pore size of the first hole 2 where the third inner layer is located can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the thickness of the third inner layer is 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, or 1.5mm. The thickness of the third inner layer can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the porosity of the third outer layer is 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, or 15%. The porosity of the third outer layer can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the third outer layer is located is 250μm, 251μm, 252μm, 253μm, 254μm,..., 348μm, 349μm, or 350μm. The pore size of the first hole 2 where the third outer layer is located can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the thickness of the third outer layer is 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm, or 2.5mm. The thickness of the third outer layer can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples.

[0037] In some embodiments, the implant body 1 comprises a fourth region 14 corresponding to the occipital bone position in the skull. According to the physiological skull structure data of the human body, the region structure corresponding to the occipital bone is designed on the skull implant. The porosity of the fourth region 14 is 30%-40%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the fourth region 14 is located is 400μm-500μm, and the thickness of the fourth region 14 gradually increases from 0.5mm to 1.5mm. In this way, the fourth region 14 achieves a structure similar to that of the human occipital bone, thereby achieving a bionic effect, and further enabling the bone tissue, soft tissue and cell tissue to better integrate with the skull implant after the human body implants the skull implant. Illustratively, the porosity of the fourth region 14 is 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%. The porosity of the fourth region 14 can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples. Illustratively, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the fourth region 14 is located is 400μm, 401μm, 402μm, 403μm, 404μm... 498μm, 499μm, 500μm. The pore size of the first hole 2 where the fourth region 14 is located can also be a value between any two adjacent values in the above examples.

[0038] To more clearly present the positional relationship between the second region 12, the third region 13 and the fourth region 14, in Figure 2 , the boundary lines of the three regions are explicitly marked with dashed lines.

[0039] In some embodiments, the implant body 1 comprises a first region, a second region 12, a third region 13 and a fourth region 14. After implanting the skull implant, the first region, the second region 12, the third region 13 and the fourth region 14 correspond to the frontal bone, the temporal bone, the parietal bone and the occipital bone respectively. The first region comprises a first inner layer and a first outer layer, the porosity of the first inner layer is 15%-20%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the first inner layer is located is 400μm-500μm, the thickness of the first inner layer is 0.8mm-2.0mm, the porosity of the first outer layer is 5%-10%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the first outer layer is located is 200μm-300μm, and the thickness of the first outer layer is 1.6mm-3.2mm. The porosity of the second region 12 is 23%-46%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the second region 12 is located is 300μm-400μm, and the thickness of the second region 12 is 2.1mm-19.1mm. The third region 13 comprises a third inner layer and a third outer layer, the porosity of the third inner layer is 15%-20%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the third inner layer is located is 400μm-500μm, the thickness of the third inner layer is 0.7mm-1.5mm, the porosity of the third outer layer is 5%-15%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the third outer layer is located is 250μm-350μm, and the thickness of the third outer layer is 1.3mm-2.5mm. The porosity of the fourth region 14 is 30%-40%, the pore size of the first hole 2 where the fourth region 14 is located is 400μm-500μm, and the thickness of the fourth region 14 gradually increases from 0.5mm to 1.5mm. According to the physiological skull structure data of the human body, different structures are designed at different parts of the skull implant, and the implant body 1 is mainly divided into four regions corresponding to the positions of the frontal bone, the temporal bone, the parietal bone and the occipital bone. The porosity, pore size and thickness of different bone regions are individually processed, and the purpose is to achieve consistency with the physiological structure of the human body and achieve the bionic effect.

[0040] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the skull implant of the utility model designs different porosities for different bone flaps, and the skull implant is no longer a single structure, but different porosities are designed in different bone regions according to the physiological data of the skull, realizing the dual bionics of structure and function. Similarly, the skull implant of the utility model designs different pore sizes for different bone flaps, and the pore size is accurately controlled to be 300-500μm. The structure of the skull implant is most conducive to the growth of blood vessels and bone tissue, provides nutrients and growth space for cells, and finally realizes the biological fusion of the skull implant and the autologous bone, rather than just mechanical fixation.

[0041] In some embodiments, the implant body 1 comprises a third hole, the third hole is in communication with the first hole 2, and the pore size of the third hole is larger than that of the first hole 2. The third hole is in communication with the first hole 2 inside the implant body 1, which can accelerate the exchange of liquid inside and outside the implant body 1, and further reduce the probability of subcutaneous hydrops.

[0042] In some embodiments, the implant body 1 comprises a third hole (not labeled in the figure) which is in communication with the first hole 2, and the diameter of the third hole is 1.8-2.2 mm. The third hole is in communication with the first hole 2 inside the implant body 1, which can accelerate the exchange of liquid inside and outside the implant body 1, and further reduce the probability of subcutaneous hydrops.

[0043] In some embodiments, the density of the first hole 2 gradually decreases and the diameter of the first hole 2 gradually increases from one side to the other side of the implant body 1. Through the design of the gradient porous structure, the smooth transition of the elastic modulus from the dense area to the loose area can be realized, so that the overall mechanical response of the skull implant is closer to the natural skull, greatly reducing the stress shielding effect, protecting the surrounding bone tissue, and ensuring long-term stability.

[0044] In some embodiments, the angle between the hole axis of the second hole 4 and the plane where the edge 3 of the implant body 1 is located is 90 degrees. The plane where the edge 3 is located is in contact with the human bone tissue. The hole axis of the second hole 4 is directed towards the bone tissue, so that the bone tissue can grow vertically into the skull implant, i.e. the bone tissue is more likely to grow into the implant body 1. The edge 3 of the implant body 1 is thus designed to provide conditions for bone tissue growth, improving the integration effect of bone tissue and skull implant. Exemplarily, when modeling the skull implant, an XY axis coordinate system is established, the hole axis of the first hole 2 is parallel to the Y axis, and then the hole axis of the second hole 4 is parallel to the X axis.

[0045] In some embodiments, the implant body 1 is provided with a reinforcing rib. The reinforcing rib enhances the overall structural strength of the implant body 1, and after the skull implant is implanted, it guarantees the protection of the brain.

[0046] In some embodiments, CT scanning with a layer thickness of ≤1 mm is used to obtain patient skull image data, an image threshold segmentation algorithm is used to set a gray scale threshold, separate the skull defect model area, and generate a three-dimensional data format file composed of triangular facet structures. Then, through symmetric mirror processing (filling the intact area to the defect area), combined with Boolean operation, translation, rotation, and redesign, the precise matching of the skull edge 3 and position is completed, and the skull model that fits the patient's defect site is obtained. 3D printing is performed on the skull model, the printing head temperature is 350-500 DEG C, and the printing chamber thermal atmosphere temperature is 20-250 DEG C. Under the above temperatures, the printing head and chamber thermal atmosphere temperature are beneficial to ensure stable crystallization during the printing process, improve the interlayer bonding performance of the product, and prevent the delamination phenomenon caused by poor interlayer bonding commonly seen in printing methods. First, the support column for supporting the skull implant is printed, and the support design of the skull model is generated when the overhanging angle is ≤45°, that is, the included angle between the skull model and the printing bottom plate is ≤45°. The printing head performs single-direction reciprocating printing, the bottom filling rate is 40-60%, the top surface of the skull model and the support column is generally offset by 0.3-0.5 mm, the top surface of the support column is densely supported by 1-3 layers, and the top surface filling rate of the support column is 80-100%, so as to ensure the completeness and smoothness of the skull repair product at the support interface and good removability. The extruded wire material is subjected to periodic retraction, that is, the retraction speed is 1500-1800 mm / min, the nozzle is lifted by 0.2-1 mm during retraction, the retraction is 4-7 mm, and after retraction, the extruded compensation is 0.2-1 mm, and the sliding distance is 0.1-1 mm. The retraction can avoid material overflow and wire drawing when the material moves in the transition position of the porous structure during printing, and ensure the permeability of the porous structure in the XY direction.

[0047] The above only describes preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A skull implant, characterized in that The skull implant comprises an implant body, a surface of the implant body is provided with a plurality of first holes, a porosity of the implant body is 5%-50%, an edge of the implant body is provided with a plurality of second holes, and an included angle is formed between a hole axis of the second hole and a surface where the edge of the implant body is located.

2. The skull implant of claim 1, wherein, The surface comprises an inner surface and an outer surface, and the inner surface and the outer surface are both provided with a plurality of the first holes; and / or The first hole penetrates the implant body; and / or A hole diameter of the first hole is 200μm-500μm.

3. The skull implant of claim 1, wherein, The implant body comprises a first region, the first region comprises a first inner layer and a first outer layer, a porosity of the first inner layer is 15%-20%, a hole diameter of the first hole where the first inner layer is located is 400μm-500μm, a thickness of the first inner layer is 0.8mm-2.0mm, a porosity of the first outer layer is 5%-10%, a hole diameter of the first hole where the first outer layer is located is 200μm-300μm, and a thickness of the first outer layer is 1.6mm-3.2mm.

4. The skull implant of claim 1, wherein, The implant body comprises a second region, a porosity of the second region is 23%-46%, a hole diameter of the first hole where the second region is located is 300μm-400μm, and a thickness of the second region is 2.1mm-19.1mm.

5. The skull implant of claim 1, wherein, The implant body comprises a third region, the third region comprises a third inner layer and a third outer layer, a porosity of the third inner layer is 15%-20%, a hole diameter of the first hole where the third inner layer is located is 400μm-500μm, a thickness of the third inner layer is 0.7mm-1.5mm, a porosity of the third outer layer is 5%-15%, a hole diameter of the first hole where the third outer layer is located is 250μm-350μm, and a thickness of the third outer layer is 1.3mm-2.5mm.

6. The skull implant of claim 1, wherein, The implant body comprises a fourth region, a porosity of the fourth region is 30%-40%, a hole diameter of the first hole where the fourth region is located is 400μm-500μm, and a thickness of the fourth region gradually increases from 0.5mm to 1.5mm.

7. The skull implant of claim 1, wherein, The implant body comprises a third hole, the third hole communicates with the first hole, and a hole diameter of the third hole is greater than that of the first hole; or, The implant body comprises a third hole, the third hole communicates with the first hole, and a hole diameter of the third hole is 1.8mm-2.2mm.

8. The skull implant of claim 1, wherein, From one side to the other side of the implant body, a density of the first hole gradually decreases, and a hole diameter of the first hole gradually increases.

9. The skull implant of claim 1, wherein, An included angle formed between a hole axis of the second hole and a surface where the edge of the implant body is located is 90 degrees.

10. The skull implant of claim 1, wherein, The implant body is provided with a reinforcing rib.

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