Settlement monitoring device

Abstract

The utility model provides a settlement monitoring device. The settlement monitoring device comprises an acquisition platform, an elevation starting platform, a monitoring sensor group, a communication module, an elevation monitoring module, a data acquisition module, a pulley, a stay wire meter and a stay wire rope, the acquisition platform comprises an overwater platform, a middle supporting section and an underwater base; the communication module and the elevation monitoring module are mounted at the top of the water platform, and the data acquisition module and the guy meter are mounted in the water platform; the elevation starting platform is mounted on the underwater base, and the monitoring sensor group is mounted on the elevation starting platform; the pulleys comprise a first pulley and a second pulley, the first pulley is mounted on the water platform, and the second pulley is mounted on the elevation starting platform; and the monitoring sensor group can slide in the elevation starting platform. Under the ocean construction scene, the device can ensure that the sensor is intact and smoothly installed in water, the elevation starting point is stable, equipment is prevented from being damaged, and long-time stable operation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of automated settlement monitoring technology, and in particular to a settlement monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] With the proposal of the maritime power strategy, marine environmental governance and restoration projects have been launched one after another, and new aquaculture industries such as marine ranching are booming. The construction of these projects all involve the construction of marine dikes. Marine dike construction differs greatly from land roadbed construction. Marine dike foundations are often made of silty soft soil, requiring not only the construction of a solid bottom protection structure but also the desilting and drainage. The construction process is numerous and complex, with different key technologies and materials used in layered construction. The dike body is highly susceptible to compression and settlement, which is characterized by uneven settlement across the entire cross-section.

[0003] Real-time monitoring of dam settlement allows for a more scientific assessment of soil consolidation and control of construction progress, while also facilitating construction safety. The total settlement caused by compression and subsidence is a crucial reference indicator for calculating material consumption. However, due to the immense impact forces and load pressures of layered loading in marine dam construction environments, coupled with the strong corrosiveness of seawater, existing flexible array-type settlement monitoring equipment is primarily designed and manufactured for land-based construction projects in terms of materials, measurement range, hardness, corrosion resistance, compressive strength, and communication design. Current settlement monitoring technologies cannot be directly applied to full-section monitoring of marine dam foundations, necessitating targeted research and development.

[0004] In summary, current settlement monitoring devices used in land-based construction projects are unsuitable for marine construction scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a settlement monitoring device applicable to marine construction projects. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a settlement monitoring device suitable for marine construction scenarios. The device can ensure that the sensor is intact and can be successfully launched and installed in the water, that the elevation starting point is stable, that the equipment is not damaged, and that it can operate stably for a long time.

[0006] This application provides a settlement monitoring device, which includes a data acquisition platform, an elevation calculation platform, a monitoring sensor group, a communication module, an elevation monitoring module, a data acquisition module, pulleys, a guy wire gauge, and a guy wire rope. The data acquisition platform includes a surface platform, an intermediate support section, and an underwater base. The communication module and the elevation monitoring module are installed on the top of the surface platform, and the data acquisition module and the guy wire gauge are installed inside the surface platform. The elevation calculation platform is installed on the underwater base, and the monitoring sensor group is installed on the elevation calculation platform. The pulley includes a first pulley and a second pulley, with the first pulley installed on the surface platform and the second pulley installed on the elevation calculation platform. One end of the guy wire rope is connected to the guy wire gauge, and the other end is connected to the monitoring sensor group through the first and second pulleys, so that the monitoring sensor group can slide within the elevation calculation platform.

[0007] In one embodiment, the water platform has a cuboid structure, with the top of the water platform being a first mounting platform and the bottom of the water platform being a second mounting platform.

[0008] In one embodiment, the underwater base includes a third mounting platform and a plurality of columns, one end of each of the plurality of columns being connected to the third mounting platform.

[0009] In one embodiment, the second mounting platform and the third mounting platform are connected via the intermediate support section.

[0010] In one embodiment, the communication module and elevation monitoring module are installed on the top of the floating platform, including: the communication module and elevation monitoring module are installed on the first mounting platform; the first pulley is installed on the floating platform, including: the first pulley is installed on the edge of the second mounting platform; the second mounting platform is a solid structure; the data acquisition module and the pull-wire gauge are installed inside the floating platform, including: the data acquisition module is installed on the second mounting platform, and the pull-wire gauge is installed on the data acquisition module.

[0011] In one embodiment, the elevation datum platform is installed on the underwater base, comprising: the elevation datum platform being installed on the third mounting platform.

[0012] In one embodiment, the elevation starting platform is a U-shaped groove structure, with multiple pipes connected to both sides of the elevation starting platform in the opening direction of the U-shaped groove structure, and a second pulley installed at one end of the elevation starting platform.

[0013] In one embodiment, the monitoring sensor group includes multiple sensor components connected end-to-end to form a continuous ruler chain structure.

[0014] In one embodiment, the sensor assembly includes a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensor module, a protective cover, side wings, and a U-shaped bottom groove. The MEMS sensor module is installed inside the U-shaped bottom groove, the protective cover is connected to the U-shaped bottom groove, and the side wings are installed on the outside of the U-shaped bottom groove.

[0015] In one embodiment, the side wing includes a clamp-type connector and a balance plate, one end of the clamp-type connector being connected to the outer side of the U-shaped bottom groove, and the other end being connected to the balance plate.

[0016] The solution provided in the above embodiments of this application, through the independent design of the above-water portion (acquisition platform) and the underwater portion (elevation calculation platform), ensures that the underwater calculation end is free and not fixed. A pull-wire gauge is installed on the above-water portion, bypassing two pulleys to connect to the first sensor assembly, monitoring the slippage of the first sensor assembly at the elevation calculation end, thus solving the information communication problem between the above-water portion (acquisition platform) and the underwater portion (elevation calculation platform). By integrating an elevation monitoring module, the elevation changes of the entire platform are monitored in real time and calculated to the underwater elevation calculation platform based on the relative position relationship. The stainless steel outer shell design, combined with a protective cover, minimizes underwater impact damage. The development of a side wing structure reduces the risk of underwater capsizing and ensures stable underwater operation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly described below.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement of the settlement deformation sensor provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a settlement monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another settlement monitoring device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation calculation platform provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sensor assembly provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a split structure of a sensor assembly provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another split structure of a sensor component provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the side wing provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the side wing assembly provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this application, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement of the settlement deformation sensor provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 In marine dike construction, the central section experiences the greatest load and settlement. Significant central settlement creates traction on both ends, causing sensors at both ends to slide towards the center. Therefore, the sensors at both ends of the settlement monitoring system cannot be fixed; otherwise, if fixed, they could break when the central settlement is excessive. Besides ensuring the sensors remain intact, settlement monitoring devices used in marine construction also need to consider issues such as successful underwater installation and the stability of the elevation reference point.

[0030] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, this application provides a settlement monitoring device that can ensure that the sensor is intact and can be successfully installed in the water, that the elevation starting point is stable, that the equipment is not damaged, and that it can operate stably for a long time.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a settlement monitoring device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 The settlement monitoring device includes a data acquisition platform 10, an elevation calculation platform 11, a monitoring sensor group 12, a communication module 13, an elevation monitoring module 14, a data acquisition module 15, pulleys 16, a guy wire meter 17, and a guy wire rope 18. The settlement monitoring device is used to collect various data related to dam settlement, such as data monitored by the monitoring sensor group and data monitored by the elevation monitoring module. This data is then transmitted to a data processing device, such as a shore station, for data analysis, storage, calculation, early warning, and dissemination, among other subsequent operations, to complete the monitoring of dam settlement.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another settlement monitoring device provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 The data acquisition platform 10 includes a surface platform 101, an intermediate support section 102, and an underwater base 103. The main structure of the data acquisition platform 10 is made of steel pipe, providing a stable foundation platform. The surface platform 101 is a cuboid structure. The top of the surface platform 101 is a first mounting platform 104, which can be hollow, and the bottom of the surface platform 101 is a second mounting platform 105, which can be solid. The surface platform 101 is surrounded by a fence to connect the first mounting platform 104 and the second mounting platform 105, which can also be hollow. The underwater base 103 includes a third mounting platform 106 and multiple support columns 107, up to a maximum of six. One end of each of the multiple support columns 107 is connected to the third mounting platform 106, and the other end is connected to the dam to be monitored, for attachment to the marine structure or welding to the drilled pile foundation. The second installation platform 105 and the third installation platform 106 are connected by an intermediate support section 102. The connection can be made by welding or by integral molding, which is not limited here.

[0033] The communication module 13 and the elevation monitoring module 14 are installed on the top of the surface platform 101. The communication module 13 can be a Beidou communication antenna pole, and the elevation monitoring module 14 can be a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) elevation monitoring pole. The communication module 13 is used for transmitting information from the guy wire gauge, GNSS information, and MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) monitoring information. The elevation monitoring module 14 is used to monitor the elevation changes of the platform frame and calculate them to the underwater elevation starting point. The installation of the communication module 13 and the elevation monitoring module 14 on the top of the surface platform 101 specifically includes: the communication module 13 and the elevation monitoring module 14 are installed on the first installation platform 104. The communication module 13 and the elevation monitoring module 14 should not be too high, otherwise the poles will shake due to airflow, affecting the monitoring and communication effects.

[0034] The data acquisition module 15 and the pull-wire gauge 17 are installed inside the floating platform 101. The data acquisition module 15 is used to collect pull-wire gauge information, GNSS information, and MEMS monitoring information, and performs data parsing, re-editing, and standardization before sending the data to the communication module 13. The pull-wire gauge 17 is used to detect the slippage of the monitoring sensor group 12. The second mounting platform 105 is a solid structure, such as a steel plate. The data acquisition module 15 and the pull-wire gauge 17 are installed inside the floating platform 101, specifically including: the data acquisition module 15 is installed on the second mounting platform 105, and the pull-wire gauge 17 is installed on the data acquisition module 15.

[0035] An elevation calculation platform 11 is installed on an underwater base 103, and a monitoring sensor assembly 12 is installed on the elevation calculation platform 11. The elevation calculation platform 11 is used to maintain the underwater starting elevation. As long as the first sensor assembly does not slide out of the slot of the elevation calculation platform 11, the starting elevation can be calculated based on the elevation monitoring module 14. The monitoring sensor assembly 12 is used to monitor the settlement information of each node across the entire cross-section of the base. The elevation calculation platform 11 is installed on the underwater base 103, specifically including: the elevation calculation platform 11 is installed on a third installation platform 106. The elevation calculation platform 11 and the third installation platform 106 can be connected by welding.

[0036] The pulley 16 includes a first pulley 108 and a second pulley 109, which are used to steer the guy rope 18 between the guy rope meter 17 and the monitoring sensor group. The first pulley 108 is mounted on the water platform 101, and the second pulley 109 is mounted on the elevation calculation platform 11. Specifically, the first pulley 108 is mounted on the edge of the second mounting platform 105. The first pulley 108 is used to turn the guy rope 18 downwards, and the second pulley 109 is used to turn the guy rope upwards. The first pulley 108 and the second pulley 109 can be directional pulleys.

[0037] One end of the pull rope 18 is connected to the pull gauge 17, and the other end is connected to the monitoring sensor group 12 via the first pulley 108 and the second pulley 109, so that the monitoring sensor group 12 can slide within the elevation calculation platform 11. The pull rope 18 can be a steel wire rope.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation calculation platform provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 In this design, the elevation calculation platform 11 has a U-shaped groove structure, which facilitates the stable placement of the section from which the monitoring sensor assembly 12 is calculated within the groove, preventing it from slipping out of the groove. Multiple pipes 110 are connected to both sides of the elevation calculation platform 11 along the opening direction of the U-shaped groove structure. The pipes 110 can be welded to the elevation calculation platform 11, remaining vertically upward, and exposed at the lowest tide level. This allows for easy insertion into the groove by referencing the dew point position during installation or subsequent addition of the sensor assembly 111. A second pulley 109 is installed at one end of the elevation calculation platform 11.

[0039] The monitoring sensor group 12 includes multiple sensor components 111, which are connected end-to-end to form a continuous ruler chain structure. Among the multiple sensor components 111, the one closest to the second pulley is the first sensor component, which is connected to the pull rope 18. The section of the monitoring sensor group 12 that is located in the groove of the elevation calculation platform 11 is the starting section. It is necessary to ensure that the first sensor component is in the groove in order to calculate the starting elevation.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sensor assembly provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a split structure of a sensor assembly provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the sensor assembly 111, there are microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor modules 112, protective covers 113, side wings 114 and U-shaped bottom grooves 115. The MEMS sensor modules 112 are installed inside the U-shaped bottom grooves 115, the protective covers 113 are connected to the U-shaped bottom grooves 115, and the side wings 114 are installed on the outside of the U-shaped bottom grooves 115.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another split structure of a sensor component provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 In this design, the MEMS sensor module 112 is encapsulated in a stainless steel housing using high-corrosion-resistant 3M epoxy resin potting compound. The bottom plate of the MEMS sensor module 112 has semi-circular ends with pre-drilled first screw holes 116 at both ends for fixing the sensor to the second screw holes 117 of the U-shaped bottom groove 115. The U-shaped bottom groove 115 has connecting portions 118 at both ends, with semi-circular tops and third screw holes 119 inside, facilitating the connection of multiple sensor components to form a continuous chain structure. The spacing between the third screw holes 119 at both ends is the hypotenuse reference value for calculating settlement using trigonometric leveling. A fourth screw hole 120 is designed on the upper part of the U-shaped bottom groove for fixing to the fifth screw hole 121 of the protective cover 113 using screws. Both the protective cover 113 and the U-shaped bottom groove 115 can be made of stainless steel.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the side wing provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 In the middle, the side wing 114 includes a clamp-type connector 122 and a balance plate 123. One end of the clamp-type connector 122 is connected to the outside of the U-shaped bottom groove 115, and the other end is connected to the balance plate 123.

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the side wing assembly provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 9 In this design, the clamp-type connector 122 allows the balance plate 123 to rotate 45° left and right. This facilitates rotation to form a fishbone-shaped balance array during underwater pulling or squeezing, maintaining the stability of the sensor assembly 111 underwater. The clamp-type connector 122 is connected to the balance plate 123 by screws, fixing the balance plate within the clamp. The balance plate 123 consists of a straight plate and a semi-circular plate. The semi-circular structure of the semi-circular plate reduces sliding resistance and prevents breakage during underwater pulling. The side wing 114 is fixed to the sixth screw hole 124 of the U-shaped bottom groove 115 by screws. The sixth screw hole 124 is located on the side of the U-shaped bottom groove 115 near the bottom, allowing for close contact with the mud surface.

[0044] This application embodiment employs an independent design for the above-water portion (data acquisition platform) and the underwater portion (elevation calculation platform), ensuring the underwater calculation end is free and not fixed. A pull-wire gauge is installed on the above-water portion, bypassing two upper and lower directional pulleys to connect to the first sensor assembly, monitoring the slippage of the first sensor assembly at the elevation calculation end, thus solving the information communication problem between the above-water portion (data acquisition platform) and the underwater portion (elevation calculation platform). By integrating a GNSS elevation monitoring module, the elevation changes of the entire platform are monitored in real time and calculated to the underwater elevation calculation platform based on relative positional relationships. A stainless steel outer shell design, combined with a protective cover, minimizes underwater impact damage. A side wing structure is developed to reduce the risk of underwater capsizing and ensure stable underwater operation.

[0045] To elaborate further, considering the need for a stable power supply and communication system, a stable elevation reference, and the impact of underwater dam foundation settlement processes such as slippage, tension, compression, collision, and corrosion on the monitoring device, a relatively stable automated full-section monitoring device for marine dam foundations is required. However, marine engineering projects are mostly located in open waters, making it difficult to find stable hydraulic structures as attachment points for data acquisition platforms. Furthermore, full-section foundation monitoring primarily relies on interconnected sensor arrays (i.e., sensor groups). To avoid the need for the sensor arrays to climb slopes and create large suspended sections when connecting to the surface platform, increasing the likelihood of subsequent damage, a separate design is adopted for the data acquisition platform and the elevation reference platform. The surface portion of the acquisition platform is an above-water structure, facilitating solar energy collection and the installation of communication, GNSS elevation monitoring, and data acquisition modules. The elevation calculation platform is an underwater structure with a U-shaped trough, which facilitates the stable placement of the sensor scale chain within the trough, preventing it from easily slipping out. The length of the trough structure represents the allowable lateral slippage of the device. The elevation of the bottom of the trough before the initial section of the sensor scale chain slips out of the trough can be considered the starting elevation point for monitoring the sensor scale chain. To monitor changes in slippage and ensure that the sensor scale chain is reconnected before slipping out of the trough, a combination of a pulley system, wire rope, and pulleys is used to monitor the slippage. The data acquisition module on the upper acquisition platform simultaneously collects the slippage data and transmits it back to the shore via a BeiDou-3 communication module (i.e., the communication module). Due to this separate design of the above-water and underwater platforms, the sensor scale chain does not need to be directly connected to the upper part of the above-water acquisition platform; it only needs to remain within the trough of the underwater elevation calculation platform.

[0046] By monitoring the slippage at the shore end, an alarm is triggered promptly when the slippage becomes too large and the sensor is about to slip out of the elevation calculation platform trench. Technical personnel then plan the follow-up work accordingly. On-site, during low tide, the first sensor assembly is pulled up, and a sensor assembly of the appropriate length is connected. Using the low tide indicator on both sides of the trench as a guide, the sensor is lowered back into the trench, the steel cable is tightened again, and the guy wire is reconnected for monitoring. Considering that the settling process is usually slow, this method ensures that the sensor's starting end remains within the trench. The guy wire tension is set to over 20 kg to ensure that small swaying does not cause slippage and thus errors in slippage monitoring.

[0047] To prevent drifting and deviation from the designed position during equipment deployment due to ocean tides, currents, and waves, and to avoid displacement caused by water currents for a period after deployment, while also considering the corrosive nature of the marine environment, high-strength 304 stainless steel is used for the outer casing. A shorter stainless steel ruler chain, with minimal deformation, serves as the hypotenuse in trigonometric leveling calculations of settlement, resulting in relatively accurate settlement measurements. After the sensor is lowered into the water, a protective cover design is employed to prevent impact from construction vessels, anchor chains, and other aquatic carriers, maximizing the protection of the sensor module. The core MEMS sensor is encapsulated with highly corrosion-resistant 3M epoxy resin potting compound, fundamentally eliminating the risk of corrosion to the core circuitry and components.

[0048] The scale chain adopts a side wing structure design on both sides, and the side wing clamp-shaped connectors are designed with left and right movable joints. The balance plate head adopts a circular design and can rotate 45° left and right. When the sensor scale chain is pulled, it can reduce the sliding resistance and still maintain balance, so as not to cause the sensor to flip over.

[0049] In summary, the embodiments of this application provide a settlement monitoring device suitable for marine construction scenarios. This device can ensure that the sensor is intact and can be successfully launched and installed in the water, that the elevation starting point is stable, that the equipment is not damaged, and that it can operate stably for a long time.

[0050] The aforementioned settlement monitoring device is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. As long as the relative positions of the sensors are fixed, the algorithm can operate normally after calibrating the external parameters. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

[0051] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0052] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0053] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0054] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A settlement monitoring device, characterized in that, The device comprises a collecting platform, an elevation starting platform, a monitoring sensor group, a communication module, an elevation monitoring module, a data collecting module, a pulley, a wire tension meter and a wire rope; The collecting platform comprises a water platform, an intermediate support section and an underwater base; The communication module and the elevation monitoring module are installed on the top of the water platform, and the data collecting module and the wire tension meter are installed inside the water platform; The elevation starting platform is installed on the underwater base, and the monitoring sensor group is installed on the elevation starting platform; The pulley comprises a first pulley and a second pulley, the first pulley is installed on the water platform, and the second pulley is installed on the elevation starting platform; One end of the wire rope is connected with the wire tension meter, and the other end is connected with the monitoring sensor group through the first pulley and the second pulley, so that the monitoring sensor group slides in the elevation starting platform.

2. The settlement monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein The water platform is a cuboid structure, the top of the water platform is a first installation platform, and the bottom of the water platform is a second installation platform.

3. The settlement monitoring apparatus of claim 2, wherein The underwater base comprises a third installation platform and a plurality of column feet, one end of each column foot of the plurality of column feet is connected with the third installation platform.

4. The settlement monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein The second installation platform is connected with the third installation platform through the intermediate support section.

5. The settlement monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein The communication module and the elevation monitoring module are installed on the top of the water platform, and the data collecting module and the wire tension meter are installed inside the water platform; The first pulley is installed on the water platform, and the second installation platform is a solid structure; The data collecting module is installed on the second installation platform, and the wire tension meter is installed on the data collecting module.

6. The settlement monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein The elevation starting platform is installed on the underwater base, and the elevation starting platform is installed on the third installation platform. The elevation starting platform is a U-shaped groove structure, and a plurality of row pipes are connected to the two sides of the U-shaped groove structure in the opening direction of the U-shaped groove structure.

7. The settlement monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein The monitoring sensor group comprises a plurality of sensor assemblies, and the plurality of sensor assemblies are connected head to tail to form a continuous type ruler chain structure.

8. The settlement monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The sensor assembly comprises a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensor module, a protective cover, a side wing and a U-shaped bottom groove, the MEMS sensor module is installed inside the U-shaped bottom groove, the protective cover is connected with the U-shaped bottom groove, and the side wing is installed outside the U-shaped bottom groove.

9. The settlement monitoring apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The side wing comprises a clamping connector and a balance plate, one end of the clamping connector is connected with the outside of the U-shaped bottom groove, and the other end of the clamping connector is connected with the balance plate.

10. The settlement monitoring apparatus of claim 9, wherein, ​

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