Damping and buffering device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a damping and buffering device, and belongs to the technical field of manned spacecraft seats. The utility model discloses a damping and buffering device which comprises a headrest, a backrest, a seat cushion, a pedal, a shaping pad and a nanometer energy absorption module. The headrest, the backrest, the cushion and the pedal are sequentially and rotatably connected to form a seat framework, and one end of the headrest and one end of the pedal are connected with the interior of application equipment respectively; the nano energy absorption module covers the outer surface of the seat framework; according to the device, the energy absorption effect is improved, when the device is subjected to an external impact load, the nano energy absorption module can absorb most of energy, the impact load can be averagely distributed, the safety of operators is guaranteed, and the problem that a traditional energy absorption device is low in energy absorption density is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of manned spacecraft seat technology, specifically relating to a shock absorption and buffer device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of manned spaceflight technology and the high-speed growth of commercial manned spaceflight, the requirements for spacecraft are becoming increasingly stringent, making the safety of astronauts paramount. During the landing phase of the return capsule, high demands are placed on its shock absorption and cushioning capabilities. Although a series of prescribed maneuvers aim to ensure a "vertical landing" attitude and "soft landing" speed during the return capsule's descent, the return capsule is inevitably affected by aerodynamic conditions, parachute deceleration performance, the probability of retro-rocket malfunction, and the climate and terrain characteristics of the landing site. This leads to an increased range of vertical and horizontal impact velocities and accelerations during landing, making the impact overload transmitted to the astronaut's seat extremely complex. To ensure astronaut safety, the spacecraft's return capsule cushioning seat needs to efficiently dissipate and reduce impact energy under "hard landing" conditions, lowering it to a level that the human body can withstand.

[0003] The human body has a high tolerance for chest-back loads but a low tolerance for head-pelvic loads. Therefore, for astronauts in a supine position, the chest-back direction is the direction of maximum impact load, and a horizontally elastic support seat is used. Currently, the Shenzhou spacecraft's return capsule seats mainly use vertical buffer mechanisms, which involve placing rod-like buffer bars under the seat and using the plastic deformation of metal materials to absorb energy. These include "pull-blade" type energy absorption using metal cutting and "expansion ring" type energy absorption using metal expansion. However, the buffering effect of such devices is limited, and they only buffer chest-back overloads, while their buffering effect on head-pelvic overloads is weak. Traditional shaped seats use a rigid material, primarily fiberglass, for the inner shell and foam plastic for the outer shell. Energy is absorbed through the elastic deformation of the foam plastic and the collapse of the structure. However, due to the low strength of the material itself, the energy absorption density of the foam plastic is limited, only 0.1~2 J / g, which cannot adequately meet the future needs of manned spaceflight return capsule buffer seats.

[0004] In recent years, magnetorheological dampers have been able to transform from Newtonian fluids into Bingham plastic solids with a certain yield stress in milliseconds under the action of an external magnetic field. They have the advantages of large control force, wide adjustment range, strong temperature adaptability and fast response speed. However, it is worth noting that magnetorheological dampers are semi-active control buffers, and the manufacturing of nonlinear controllers and the design and implementation of control laws are quite difficult. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a shock-absorbing and buffering device to solve the technical problem of low energy absorption density in traditional energy absorption devices.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This utility model discloses a shock absorption and cushioning device, including a headrest, backrest, seat cushion, footrest, shaping pad, and nano energy-absorbing module; the headrest, backrest, seat cushion, and footrest are rotatably connected in sequence to form a seat frame, and one end of the headrest and footrest are respectively connected to the interior of the application device; the shaping pad is fixed to the outside of the seat frame; the nano energy-absorbing module covers the outer surface of the seat frame as the outer shell of the shaping pad.

[0008] Furthermore, the nano-energy-absorbing module includes an elastic encapsulation layer, a porous elastic support structure layer, and a nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer; the porous elastic support structure layer is disposed inside the elastic encapsulation layer; the porous elastic support structure layer has a plurality of voids; and the nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer fills the voids in the porous elastic support structure layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer is composed of a nanoporous material layer and a functional fluid material layer.

[0010] Furthermore, the nanoporous material layer is one or more of the following: nanoporous molecular sieve ZSM-5 layer, ZSM-22 layer, zeolite layer, silica layer, alumina layer, silica layer, activated carbon layer, titanium dioxide layer, and carbon nanotube layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the porous elastic support structure layer is composed of a polyurethane support material layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic encapsulation layer is composed of a polyurea encapsulation layer.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner shell of the shaping pad is also provided with a fiberglass material layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the headrest, backrest, seat cushion, and footrest are connected by a rotating shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, one end of the pedal is connected to the interior of the application device via a hinge.

[0016] Furthermore, one end of the headrest is connected to the interior of the application device via a buffer rod.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This utility model discloses a shock absorption and buffer device. By setting the nano energy-absorbing module on the outside of a conventional seat frame, the energy absorption effect is improved. When the device is subjected to external impact load, the nano energy-absorbing module can absorb most of the energy and distribute the impact load evenly, ensuring the safety of the operator and overcoming the problem of low energy absorption density of traditional energy-absorbing devices.

[0019] Furthermore, the nano-energy-absorbing module comprises an elastic encapsulation layer, a porous elastic support structure layer, and a nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer. The porous elastic support structure layer absorbs energy through elastic deformation and structural collapse. The nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer within the pores has a high energy absorption density (10~200J / g), effectively dissipating the impact energy of the return capsule seat during landing, thus effectively protecting the astronauts' safety. When subjected to external impact loads, the external elastic encapsulation layer deforms, transferring energy to the porous elastic support structure layer and the nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer. The nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer absorbs most of the energy, and the remaining small portion is dissipated by the nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer. Under the action of the fiberglass inner shell of the shaping pad, the impact load is evenly distributed, ensuring the safety of the astronauts.

[0020] Furthermore, the nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer is composed of a nanoporous material layer and a functional fluid material layer. The energy absorption density of the nanoporous material layer can reach more than 100 J / g. Under normal conditions, it is a uniform and flowable liquid. When subjected to external force impact, the external kinetic energy will force the non-wetting liquid to flow into the pores of the nanoporous material, converting the mechanical work of the external force into the interface energy and frictional heat energy of the solid-liquid interface. After the external force is removed, the non-wetting liquid flows out of the nanopores, and the material can be reused multiple times.

[0021] Furthermore, due to the design of the shaped pad, it forms a semi-enclosed protection for the human body. Therefore, the shaped pad can provide energy absorption and cushioning in both horizontal and vertical directions, and buffer overloads in the chest-back, head-pelvis, and lateral axes. This can solve the problem that the current return capsule seats only contain vertical cushioning mechanisms and lack horizontal cushioning mechanisms, resulting in weak cushioning effect for head-pelvis overloads. It can better protect the astronaut's spine from impact energy damage.

[0022] Furthermore, by using a nano energy-absorbing module as the outer shell of the shaping pad, it can work in conjunction with the bottom buffer module to achieve multi-level energy absorption, thereby improving energy absorption efficiency. In addition, the nano energy-absorbing fluid layer has a certain degree of elasticity, which can ensure the comfort of the seat.

[0023] Furthermore, a porous elastic support structure layer is adopted, which can absorb some energy through deformation and also provide support, helping the entire device to fully rebound, thereby avoiding collapse caused by the internal liquid composition; a polyurea material layer is used as the external encapsulation. The polyurea material layer has the characteristics of high tensile strength, high tear strength, high elongation at break, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which can effectively prevent leakage of internal functional liquids; the connection between the shaping pad and the seat frame is detachable, and the shaping pad can be removed and reused. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the shock absorption and buffer device of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nano-energy-absorbing module of this utility model;

[0026] Among them: 1-headrest; 2-backrest; 3-seat cushion; 4-footrest; 5-hinge; 6-rotation axis; 7-buffer rod; 8-shaped pad; 9-nano energy-absorbing module; 10-fiberglass material layer; 11-elastic encapsulation layer; 12-porous elastic support structure layer; 13-nano energy-absorbing fluid layer. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the utility model described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model discloses a shock-absorbing and buffering device, including a headrest 1, a backrest 2, a seat cushion 3, a footrest 4, a shaped pad 8, and a nano-energy-absorbing module 9. The outer shell of the shaped pad 8 is the nano-energy-absorbing module 9, and the inner shell is a relatively hard fiberglass material layer 10. The footrest 4 is connected to the internal structure of the application device. The entire shock-absorbing and buffering device's frame is formed by the headrest 1, backrest 2, seat cushion 3, and footrest 4 connected sequentially. The shaped pad 8 buffers overloads in both horizontal and vertical directions. The nano-energy-absorbing module 9 is fixed to the outside of the shaped pad 8, and the fiberglass material layer 10 of the inner shell of the shaped pad 8 is in direct contact with the user, fully shaped, and evenly distributes the energy transferred to the inner shell of the shaped pad 8.

[0031] Preferably, the headrest 1, backrest 2, seat cushion 3 and footrest 4 are connected by a rotating shaft 6. Users can adjust their posture by adjusting the rotating shaft 6, which improves comfort and can accommodate occupants of different sizes to meet the needs of different passengers after the expansion of commercial manned spaceflight operations.

[0032] Preferably, one end of the foot pedal 4 is connected to the interior of the application device via a hinge 5, and the entire shock-absorbing and cushioning device body can rotate around the hinge 5; one end of the headrest 1 is connected to the interior of the application device via a cushioning rod 7.

[0033] Preferably, the nano-energy-absorbing module 9 includes an elastic encapsulation layer 11, a porous elastic support structure layer 12, and a nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer 13; the porous elastic support structure layer 12 is disposed inside the elastic encapsulation layer 11; the porous elastic support structure layer 12 has a plurality of voids; and the nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer 13 fills the voids in the porous elastic support structure layer 12.

[0034] This invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned shock-absorbing and buffering device in the reentry capsule seat. The entire shock-absorbing and buffering device is in a supine position with the headrest and footrest installed at two points. The headrest 1 is directly connected to the buffer rod 7, and the bottom of the buffer rod 7 is fixed to the bottom of the reentry capsule. The footrest 4 is connected to the interior of the reentry capsule through the hinge 5. A shaping pad 8 is installed on the seat frame to make the entire seat better conform to the astronaut's body position. The shaping pad 8 is between the human body and the seat and consists of two parts. The part in contact with the human body is a relatively hard fiberglass material layer 10 shaped according to the shape of the human body, which plays a role in evenly distributing the impact load during landing impact. The outer shell of the inner shell is a nano energy-absorbing module 9, which plays a role in buffering and absorbing energy and is connected to the seat frame.

[0035] In this design, the seat automatically rises before landing. When the reentry capsule collides with the ground, some of the energy generated by the impact is dissipated during the collision between the bottom of the reentry capsule and the ground, while the remainder is transferred to the reentry capsule seat. Under the impact, the seat head moves downward along the vertical buffer rod 7. The expansion ring of the buffer rod 7 collides with the conical sleeve, causing metal expansion deformation to absorb energy. The remaining energy is transferred to the seat shaping pad. Under the action of external load, the internal porous elastic support structure layer 12 absorbs a small portion of the energy through elastic deformation and structural collapse. At the same time, the functional liquid seeps into the gaps of the nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer 13 and is converted into solid-liquid interface energy and frictional energy generation. The shaping pad 8 can provide energy absorption and buffering in both horizontal and vertical directions, thereby reducing the harm to the astronauts.

[0036] The lower part of the seat buffer bar 7 uses a metal expansion deformation method ("expansion ring type") to absorb impact energy.

[0037] The inner diameter of the expansion ring of the buffer rod 7 is smaller than the major diameter of the tapered sleeve.

[0038] The shaping pad 8 consists of two parts: an inner shell and an outer shell.

[0039] The inner shell of the shaping pad 8 is made of a relatively rigid material.

[0040] The inner shell of the shaping pad 8 is completely shaped to resemble the astronaut's body and moves with the astronaut during the landing impact.

[0041] The nano energy-absorbing module 9 consists of an outer high-toughness elastic encapsulation layer 11, an inner porous elastic support structure layer 12, and a nano energy-absorbing fluid layer 13 filling the gaps between them.

[0042] The high-toughness elastic encapsulation layer 11 is made of a highly flexible material.

[0043] The high-toughness elastic encapsulation layer 11 is made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.

[0044] The high-toughness elastic encapsulation layer 11 is made of materials with strong weather resistance and water resistance, such as aliphatic polyurea or polyaspartic ester polyurea.

[0045] The porous elastic support structure layer 12 has a porous structure.

[0046] The porous elastic support structure layer 12 is made of thermoplastic linear material.

[0047] The porous elastic support structure layer 12 is made of polyurethane flexible foam plastic material, etc.

[0048] The nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer 13 is a mixture of inorganic non-metallic porous materials and functional fluids.

[0049] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this utility model shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A shock-absorbing and buffering device, characterized in that, The seat frame includes a headrest (1), a backrest (2), a seat cushion (3), a footrest (4), a shaping pad (8), and a nano energy-absorbing module (9). The headrest (1), backrest (2), seat cushion (3), and footrest (4) are rotatably connected to form a seat frame. One end of the headrest (1) and footrest (4) are respectively connected to the inside of the application device. The shaping pad (8) is fixed to the outside of the seat frame. The nano energy-absorbing module (9) covers the outer surface of the seat frame as the outer shell of the shaping pad (8).

2. The shock absorption and buffer device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nano energy-absorbing module (9) includes an elastic encapsulation layer (11), a porous elastic support structure layer (12), and a nano energy-absorbing fluid layer (13); the porous elastic support structure layer (12) is disposed inside the elastic encapsulation layer (11); the porous elastic support structure layer (12) is provided with a number of voids; the nano energy-absorbing fluid layer (13) fills the voids in the porous elastic support structure layer (12).

3. The shock absorption and buffer device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nano-energy-absorbing fluid layer (13) is composed of a nanoporous material layer and a functional fluid material layer.

4. A shock-absorbing and buffering device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nanoporous material layer is one or more of the following: nanoporous molecular sieve ZSM-5 layer, ZSM-22 layer, zeolite layer, silica layer, alumina layer, silica layer, activated carbon layer, titanium dioxide layer, and carbon nanotube layer.

5. A shock-absorbing and buffering device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The porous elastic support structure layer (12) is composed of a polyurethane support material layer.

6. A shock-absorbing and buffering device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic encapsulation layer (11) is composed of a polyurea encapsulation layer.

7. A shock-absorbing and buffering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner shell of the shaping pad (8) is also provided with a fiberglass material layer (10).

8. A shock-absorbing and buffering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The headrest (1), backrest (2), seat cushion (3) and footrest (4) are connected by a rotating shaft (6).

9. A shock-absorbing and buffering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the foot pedal (4) is connected to the interior of the application device via a hinge (5).

10. A shock-absorbing and buffering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the headrest (1) is connected to the interior of the application device via a buffer rod (7).

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