Permeable pavement structure
By using a layered structure of plain soil, crushed stone, C20 permeable concrete, and C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete, the problems of high cost, difficult maintenance, and limited load-bearing capacity of permeable pavement have been solved, achieving a low-cost, highly permeable, and highly safe pavement design.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423003403.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-03
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing permeable pavement is costly, difficult to maintain, and has limited load-bearing capacity, which restricts its widespread application.
The pavement adopts a layered structure of plain soil, crushed stone, C20 permeable concrete and C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete, combined with natural graded sand and gravel and colorless transparent overlay agent to form a pavement design with high permeability and low cost.
It reduces the cost of road materials and construction, increases load-bearing capacity, reduces maintenance difficulty, has good permeability and anti-skid properties, and improves the urban ecological environment and safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN223867058U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to paved road surfaces that require permeability. Background Technology
[0002] Permeable pavement generally consists of a surface layer, a base layer, a subbase layer, and a subgrade, including:
[0003] Surface layer: Usually made of permeable bricks, permeable concrete, permeable asphalt and other materials, directly bearing the load of vehicles and pedestrians.
[0004] Base course: mainly composed of graded crushed stone, sand and other materials, which plays a role in stabilizing the road structure and transmitting loads.
[0005] Subbase: Generally made of sand or permeable geotextile, etc., to prevent fine particles in the subgrade from entering the base layer and affecting the permeability.
[0006] Subgrade: It is the foundation of the pavement structure and needs to have a certain bearing capacity and stability.
[0007] The existing structure has the following disadvantages:
[0008] High cost: The material and construction costs of permeable pavement are relatively high, which limits its widespread application to some extent.
[0009] High maintenance difficulty: The pores of permeable pavement are easily blocked by dust, debris and other substances, requiring regular cleaning and maintenance to ensure its permeability.
[0010] Limited load-bearing capacity: Permeable pavement has a relatively low load-bearing capacity and is not suitable for roads with heavy vehicles. Utility Model Content
[0011] This utility model provides a permeable pavement structure, comprising plain soil, crushed stone, C20 permeable concrete and C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete stacked in sequence.
[0012] Optionally, the compaction degree of the crushed stone after compaction is generally not less than 90%.
[0013] Optionally, the crushed stone is a naturally formed mixture of sand and gravel.
[0014] Optionally, the sand and gravel mixture comprises approximately 10%-20% of the total mass of particles with a diameter greater than 20 mm, approximately 30%-40% of the particles with a diameter between 20 and 5 mm, and approximately 40%-60% of the particles with a diameter less than 5 mm.
[0015] Optionally, the crushed stone has a compaction coefficient of 93% and a thickness of 150 mm.
[0016] Optionally, the C20 permeable concrete is 100 mm thick, has a porosity between 15% and 25%, and a permeability coefficient of not less than 0.5 mm / s.
[0017] Optionally, the C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete is 30mm thick with a particle size of 6mm and coated with a colorless and transparent topcoat.
[0018] Optionally, the compaction coefficient of the subgrade soil should be greater than 0.93.
[0019] Optionally, the exposed aggregate area of C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete accounts for 60%-80% of the total area, and the porosity is between 18%-25%.
[0020] The above-mentioned permeable pavement for park pedestrians offers a variety of colors, good texture, and moderate price. Attached Figure Description
[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0023] To make the objectives and implementation methods of this application clearer, the exemplary implementation methods of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the exemplary embodiments of this application. Obviously, the exemplary embodiments described are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.
[0024] It should be noted that the brief descriptions of terms in this application are only for the convenience of understanding the embodiments described below, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. Unless otherwise stated, these terms should be understood in their ordinary and common meaning.
[0025] The principle of permeable pavement is to allow rainwater to quickly infiltrate into the ground through the pores or gaps in the material itself, replenishing groundwater and reducing surface runoff.
[0026] 1. Reduce surface runoff
[0027] Permeable pavement can effectively allow rainwater to infiltrate into the ground, reducing rainwater accumulation on the surface and thus decreasing surface runoff. This is of great significance for preventing urban flooding and alleviating the pressure on drainage systems.
[0028] 2. Replenish groundwater
[0029] Rainwater infiltrates the ground, replenishing groundwater and maintaining its balance. This plays a positive role in protecting the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable use of water resources.
[0030] 3. Improve the urban heat island effect
[0031] Permeable pavement can increase the surface moisture content and improve evaporation, thereby reducing urban temperatures. Furthermore, permeable pavement can reduce reflected heat, further mitigating the urban heat island effect.
[0032] 4. Improve security
[0033] Permeable pavement has excellent anti-skid properties, which can improve the safety of vehicles and pedestrians on the road. Especially in rainy weather, permeable pavement can reduce water accumulation on the road surface and reduce the risk of slipping.
[0034] Permeable pavement has the following advantages:
[0035] Ecological and environmental protection: Permeable pavement can effectively reduce surface runoff, replenish groundwater, and improve the urban ecological environment.
[0036] Good anti-slip performance: Permeable pavement has good anti-slip performance, which improves the safety of vehicles and pedestrians.
[0037] Sound absorption and noise reduction: Permeable pavement can absorb the noise generated by vehicles, reducing urban noise pollution.
[0038] Aesthetically pleasing and durable: The color and pattern of permeable pavement can be designed according to needs, resulting in good aesthetics. At the same time, the materials used in permeable pavement have high strength and durability.
[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, a permeable pavement structure is provided, comprising: 1 compacted subgrade with a compaction coefficient of 93%; 150mm thick graded crushed stone 2; 100mm thick C20 permeable concrete 3; and 30mm thick 6mm diameter C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete 4 (natural color), coated with a colorless transparent topcoat for protection. Specific details are as follows:
[0040] 1. Compaction of subgrade: The compaction degree of subgrade after compaction of park paths should generally not be less than 90%, and the compaction degree of vehicular road surfaces should not be less than 93%.
[0041] 2. Naturally Graded Sand and Gravel Subbase: Naturally graded sand and gravel is a naturally formed mixture of sand and gravel, with its particle size distribution remaining natural. Sand and gravel collected from natural riverbeds and other locations have no artificially induced proportions of different particle sizes. For example, in a common type of naturally graded sand and gravel, particles larger than 20mm account for approximately 10%-20% of the total mass, particles between 20-5mm account for approximately 30%-40%, and particles smaller than 5mm account for approximately 40%-60%. The thickness of the naturally graded sand and gravel varies depending on the application. For vehicular roads, a thickness of 200-300mm is designed, while for pedestrian walkways, a thickness of 150mm is designed.
[0042] (3) Permeable Concrete Subbase 3: The permeable concrete subbase needs to have a certain load-bearing capacity, with C20 strength as the main requirement. The porosity of the permeable concrete subbase is the key indicator for achieving permeability, and it is generally required to be between 15% and 25%. The permeability coefficient is a direct indicator for measuring the permeability performance of permeable concrete, and it is usually required to be no less than 0.5 mm / s. The vehicular road surface is designed with a thickness of 150-200 mm, and the pedestrian road surface is designed with a thickness of 100 mm. The permeable concrete subbase has excellent permeability. During rainfall, rainwater can quickly permeate through the subbase into the ground. The permeable concrete subbase can regulate the ground temperature. In summer, due to its good permeability, the subbase can absorb and store a certain amount of water. When the sun shines, the evaporation of water will absorb heat, thereby reducing the ground temperature. Compared with traditional hard impermeable pavement, it can alleviate the urban heat island effect to a certain extent. The permeable concrete subbase can serve as a buffer layer to protect the base layer and foundation. During vehicle traffic or pedestrian walking, it can disperse pressure and reduce the impact on the base layer. For roads, permeable concrete can extend the service life of the base course. Simultaneously, its timely drainage prevents the base course and foundation from weakening due to prolonged water immersion. This protective effect is particularly pronounced in areas with poor soil drainage. For example, in road construction on soft soil foundations, permeable concrete subgrades prevent the foundation soil from softening due to water accumulation, ensuring the overall stability of the road structure. Permeable concrete subgrades also contribute to ecological improvement. They allow rainwater to directly infiltrate the ground, replenishing groundwater. In water-scarce regions, this is an effective method of rainwater harvesting and utilization, promoting groundwater conservation.
[0043] (4) Exposed Aggregate Permeable Concrete: The aggregate should be evenly distributed and the exposed portion should reach a certain proportion, generally requiring the exposed aggregate area to account for about 60%-80% of the total area. This can present a natural and beautiful effect while providing good anti-slip performance. The color should be consistent. The allowable deviation of surface flatness is usually between ±3mm and ±5mm. A surface with good flatness is not only beautiful, but also provides a comfortable walking and driving experience for pedestrians and vehicles. The porosity is generally required to be between 18% and 25%. The permeability coefficient should not be less than 0.5mm / s. The surface layer needs to be coated with a colorless and transparent topcoat for protection. The exposed aggregate thickness is generally 30mm. Exposed aggregate permeable concrete has a connected pore structure, which allows rainwater to quickly infiltrate into the ground. The surface of exposed aggregate permeable concrete exposes the texture of natural aggregate, with rich and diverse colors and textures. Different colors and particle sizes of aggregates, such as granite and basalt, can be selected according to different design requirements. In landscape design, it adds natural beauty to park paths and urban squares. Because exposed aggregate permeable concrete has exposed aggregate particles on its surface, its high roughness provides good anti-slip properties. In areas with high pedestrian traffic, such as pedestrian streets and school roads, this anti-slip property can effectively reduce the occurrence of pedestrian slips and falls. Exposed aggregate permeable concrete helps improve the urban ecological environment. Its permeability can regulate ground temperature; in summer, rainwater seeps into the ground, and the evaporation of the water carries away heat, lowering the ground temperature and mitigating the urban heat island effect.
[0044] The main steps are as follows:
[0045] a. Excavate the site to the design elevation and compact the subsoil. For looser soil structures, such as the Loess Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, the subsoil must be compacted. The compaction coefficient should be greater than 0.93 to control quality and prevent soil collapse and ground subsidence caused by excessive permeability later.
[0046] b. Lay a graded crushed stone subbase. After the subgrade is compacted, a sufficient coarse aggregate subbase needs to be laid. This layer not only provides a stable foundation for the upper layers but also filters water that seeps into the ground, ensuring water quality.
[0047] c. Pour the permeable concrete subbase. Before constructing the permeable concrete subbase, the subgrade and coarse aggregate subbase must be thoroughly moistened. This helps the concrete and coarse aggregate bond better, reduces the water absorption rate of the ground, and prevents excessive moisture loss before reaching strength.
[0048] d. Mixing and Laying: Permeable concrete has a low slump, so close attention must be paid to the water-cement ratio of the permeable concrete water-stabilizing layer mix during the paving process. Before compaction, if any moisture loss is detected, water must be replenished promptly to keep the mix moist and enhance the bonding rate.
[0049] e. Lay a permeable surface layer. Various materials are available, including exposed aggregate, bonded stone, permeable bricks, etc.
[0050] The above structure has the following excellent effects:
[0051] 1. Promotes water circulation. Exposed aggregate permeable pavement has excellent permeability, allowing rainwater to quickly infiltrate the ground, replenishing groundwater and effectively alleviating the problem of declining urban groundwater levels. This helps maintain the natural water cycle system and protects the ecological balance. It also reduces surface runoff, lowering the risk of urban flooding. In extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, it can quickly drain water, preventing road flooding and ensuring the normal operation of urban traffic and the safety of citizens.
[0052] 2. Unique decorative effect
[0053] Exposed aggregate permeable pavement allows for the selection of aggregates of different colors and sizes to create a rich variety of pavement patterns and effects, depending on design requirements. This not only enhances the aesthetics of the city but also elevates its image and sophistication. Furthermore, permeable pavement blends seamlessly with the surrounding environment, harmonizing with natural landscapes and architectural styles to create a unified urban environment.
[0054] 3. High durability. Exposed aggregate permeable pavement uses high-strength aggregates and bonding materials, resulting in high compressive and flexural strength and durability. Under normal use conditions, it can withstand repeated loads from vehicles and pedestrians, and has a long service life. It is also less prone to damage. Compared to traditional pavement materials, exposed aggregate permeable pavement is less susceptible to cracks, potholes, and other damage, reducing the cost and frequency of pavement maintenance.
[0055] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.
[0056] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A permeable pavement structure, characterized in that... It includes plain soil, crushed stone, C20 permeable concrete and C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete stacked in sequence. The compaction degree of the crushed stone after compaction is generally not less than 90%. The crushed stone is a naturally formed sand and gravel mixture.
2. The road structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The sand and gravel mixture contains approximately 10%-20% of the total mass of particles with a diameter greater than 20mm, approximately 30%-40% of the particles with a diameter between 20mm and 5mm, and approximately 40%-60% of the particles with a diameter less than 5mm.
3. The road structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that... The crushed stone has a compaction coefficient of 93% and a thickness of 150 mm.
4. The road structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The C20 permeable concrete is 100mm thick, with a porosity between 15% and 25% and a permeability coefficient of not less than 0.5mm / s.
5. The road structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete is 30mm thick with a particle size of 6mm, and coated with a colorless and transparent topcoat.
6. The road structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The compaction coefficient of the subgrade soil should be greater than 0.
93.
7. The road structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The exposed aggregate area of the C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete accounts for 60%-80% of the total area.
8. The road surface structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The porosity of the C25 exposed aggregate permeable concrete is between 18% and 25%.