Passenger train seat wiring detection device based on single-chip microcomputer control

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of wiring detection, in particular to a passenger train seat wiring detection device based on single-chip microcomputer control, which is characterized by comprising a power supply unit, a power switch unit, a power conversion unit, a single-chip microcomputer control unit and a display unit. The power supply unit is powered by a battery; the power switch unit controls on-off of a power supply of the whole detection device; the power supply conversion unit converts voltage into voltage which can be used by the single-chip microcomputer control unit, and the display unit adopts light-emitting diodes with different colors to judge whether seat wiring is correct or not. The light-emitting diodes with different colors are adopted as the display units, whether wiring is correct or not is judged by observing whether the light-emitting diodes with the same color are consistent or not, the rechargeable lithium battery serves as the power supply unit, portability is achieved, recycling is achieved, and the use cost is reduced; the power switch unit adopted by the circuit solves the problem that the normal work of the system is affected by insufficient power supply capability due to too short pressing time of an external button.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wiring detection, specifically a wiring detection device for railway passenger car seats based on single-chip microcomputer control. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's railway passenger car industry, the safety requirements for railway passenger car seat wiring are also increasing. Railway passenger car seat wiring is a crucial component of the entire electrical system, and its safety directly affects the normal operation of the train and the safety of passengers' lives and property. Currently, after completing the connection of the internal junction box and related wiring of the railway passenger car seat, existing technology typically uses the following two methods to test the correctness of the wiring:

[0003] 1. Manually test the continuity of each circuit one by one using the buzzer setting on a multimeter. This method is not only limited by operating space, but also time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0004] 2. Connecting a 220V AC power supply to the seat's internal wiring and then connecting a voltage measurement module to the seat socket verifies the wiring connection. While effective, this method poses significant safety risks, and the high cost of voltage measurement modules undoubtedly increases the overall expense.

[0005] Therefore, based on the above-mentioned existing technologies, it is particularly necessary to develop a simple and easy-to-use seat wiring detection device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The wiring testing device provided by this invention is based on microcontroller technology and requires no additional power supply. Simply connecting it to the seat circuit allows for rapid testing of wiring correctness. This not only simplifies the operator's workflow but also significantly reduces the testing time, thereby greatly improving production efficiency.

[0007] The technical solutions adopted in this utility model are as follows:

[0008] A railway passenger car seat wiring detection device based on microcontroller control includes a power supply unit, a power switch unit, a power conversion unit, a microcontroller control unit, and a display unit;

[0009] The power supply unit is powered by a battery, providing power input to the entire detection circuit.

[0010] The power switch unit is connected to the power supply unit and is used to control the power supply of the entire detection device to be turned on and off.

[0011] The power conversion unit is connected to the power switch unit at its input end and to the microcontroller control unit at its output end. It includes a linear regulator, a capacitor and an optocoupler, and is used to convert the power supply voltage into a voltage that can be used by the microcontroller control unit.

[0012] The input terminal of the microcontroller control unit is connected to the power conversion unit, and the output terminal is connected to the display unit;

[0013] The display unit uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are connected to the microcontroller and the junction box inside the railway passenger car seat to determine whether the seat wiring is correct.

[0014] Preferably, the display unit consists of at least two red light-emitting diodes, two green light-emitting diodes, and two blue light-emitting diodes. If the wiring is correct, the diodes of the same color will flash alternately in sequence; otherwise, the wiring is incorrect.

[0015] Preferably, the power switch unit is composed of a PMOS transistor circuit and an external push-button switch H14.

[0016] Preferably, the power source is a 9V rechargeable lithium battery.

[0017] Preferably, the microcontroller control unit adopts the 51 series microcontroller U14, specifically model STC8H1K08.

[0018] Preferably, the input terminal of the power conversion unit is a large capacitor with a capacitance of not less than 220uF.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] Using LEDs of different colors as display units allows for a more intuitive assessment of wiring correctness by observing whether the on / off states of LEDs of the same color are consistent. The rechargeable lithium battery power supply unit is more portable and recyclable, reducing operating costs. The power switch unit effectively prevents continuous power discharge caused by inspectors forgetting to turn off the button, thus avoiding frequent recharging due to the short testing time. Furthermore, the 220uf capacitor at the power conversion unit input solves the problem of insufficient power supply to the microcontroller due to short button press times, which could affect the normal operation of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a structural principle block diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 3This is the overall circuit schematic diagram of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model. Example

[0025] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a railway passenger car seat wiring detection device based on microcontroller control includes five parts: a power supply unit, a power switch unit, a power conversion unit, a microcontroller control unit, and a display unit. The power supply unit is battery powered and provides power input for the entire detection circuit.

[0026] The power switch unit is connected to the power supply unit and is used to control the power supply of the entire detection device to be turned on and off.

[0027] The power conversion unit is connected to the power switch unit at its input end and to the microcontroller control unit at its output end. It includes a linear regulator, a capacitor and an optocoupler, and is used to convert the power supply voltage into a voltage that can be used by the microcontroller control unit.

[0028] The input terminal of the microcontroller control unit is connected to the power conversion unit, and the output terminal is connected to the display unit;

[0029] The display unit uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are connected to the microcontroller and the junction box inside the railway passenger car seat to determine whether the seat wiring is correct.

[0030] The power supply unit is powered by a battery, providing a stable power input for the entire detection circuit; the power switch unit is used to control the power on and off of the entire detection device; the power conversion unit is used to convert the power supply voltage into 5V for use by the microcontroller control unit; and the display unit uses light-emitting diodes to determine whether the seat wiring is correct.

[0031] The power supply unit consists of a 9V lithium battery that charges automatically. The power cord is connected to terminal H13 to provide a stable input power to the entire circuit.

[0032] The power switch unit consists of a PMOS transistor circuit and an external push-button switch H14. When the external push-button switch H14 is pressed, the microcontroller powers on, and the P1.3 pin immediately outputs a high level. After passing through the current-limiting resistor R21, the optocoupler U20 conducts. The 9V+ battery power supply, after being divided by resistors R22 and R23, results in a Vgs of -4.5V for the PMOS transistor Q1. The PMOS transistor Q1, specifically model CJ3401, has a maximum withstand voltage of ±12V across its gate and source terminals, and a maximum Vgs(th) of -1.3V. This ensures that the entire device remains powered even after the external push-button switch H14 is released, until the microcontroller's internal program runs to the point where the output signal on the P1.3 pin goes low, powering off the entire system and completing one round of testing. Pressing the external push-button switch again initiates a new round of testing.

[0033] The power conversion unit consists of a linear regulator U12 and capacitors C4, C5, C6, and C9, converting the 9V power supply to 5V for use by the microcontroller control unit. C4 is a large-value 220uF capacitor that stores energy, ensuring that the microcontroller control unit is powered and can enter the main loop program after the external button is pressed and released briefly. This causes the P1.3 pin to immediately output a high level, turning on the PMOS transistor Q1, thus ensuring the entire system is powered during the detection process.

[0034] The microcontroller control unit uses the STC8H1K08 U14 microcontroller, which belongs to the 51 series microcontrollers. It is inexpensive and has a simple and reliable circuit.

[0035] The display unit consists of two red LEDs (LED1, LED1-1), two green LEDs (LED2, LED2-1), and two blue LEDs (LED3, LED3-1). The negative terminals of LEDs 1, 2, and 3 are connected to the three pins of connector U18. Three wires are connected to the three terminals of connector U18. The terminal for red LED 1 is marked as the live wire (L), the terminal for green LED 2 as the neutral wire (N), and the terminal for blue LED 3 as the ground wire (PE). The other ends of these three wires are inserted into the corresponding live, neutral, and ground terminals of the terminal block in the junction box inside the seat. LEDs 1-1, 2... -1. Connect the positive terminal of LED3-1 to the three pins of connector U19. Connect three wires to the three wiring holes of connector U19. The wiring hole of red LED1-1 is marked as live wire (L), the wiring hole of green LED2-1 is marked as neutral wire (N), and the wiring hole of blue LED3-1 is marked as ground wire (PE). Connect the other end of the three wires to the L, N and PE points of the three-prong plug respectively. Then insert the three-prong plug into the three-prong socket on the seat.

[0036] When pins P1.0, P1.1, and P3.7 of microcontroller U14 output high levels sequentially, optocouplers U15, U16, and U17 conduct, outputting a 9V voltage. After voltage division by resistors, the six LEDs are lit in pairs sequentially. By observing whether the on / off colors of each pair of LEDs are the same, the external wiring is judged to be correct. If the lit colors are the same, the wiring is correct; if the lit colors are different, the wiring is incorrect.

[0037] When the three optocouplers U15, U16, and U17 are sequentially turned on, they output 9V voltages sequentially. These voltages then pass through the three current-limiting resistors R15, R16, and R17, illuminating the LEDs in sequence. The color of the illuminated LEDs is used to determine if the wiring is correct. If LEDs of the same color light up sequentially, the wiring is correct; if LEDs of different colors light up alternately, the wiring is incorrect. In this embodiment, because the voltage drops of individual red, green, and blue LEDs are approximately 1.6V, 3.2V, and 3.0V respectively, a 9V rechargeable lithium battery is selected as the external power supply, ensuring that all three LEDs can be reliably illuminated.

[0038] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A railway passenger car seat wiring detection device based on single-chip microcomputer control, characterized in that: It includes a power supply unit, a power switch unit, a power conversion unit, a microcontroller control unit, and a display unit; The power supply unit is powered by a battery, providing power input to the entire detection circuit. The power switch unit is connected to the power supply unit and is used to control the power supply of the entire detection device to be turned on and off. The power conversion unit is connected to the power switch unit at its input end and to the microcontroller control unit at its output end. It includes a linear regulator, a capacitor and an optocoupler, and is used to convert the power supply voltage into a voltage that can be used by the microcontroller control unit. The input terminal of the microcontroller control unit is connected to the power conversion unit, and the output terminal is connected to the display unit; The display unit uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which are connected to the microcontroller and the junction box inside the railway passenger car seat to determine whether the seat wiring is correct.

2. The railway passenger car seat wiring detection device based on single-chip microcomputer control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The display unit consists of at least two red LEDs, two green LEDs, and two blue LEDs. If the wiring is correct, the LEDs of the same color will flash alternately in sequence; otherwise, the wiring is incorrect.

3. The railway passenger car seat wiring detection device based on single-chip microcomputer control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power switch unit is composed of a PMOS transistor circuit and an external push-button switch H14.

4. The railway passenger car seat wiring detection device based on single-chip microcomputer control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power source is a 9V rechargeable lithium battery.

5. A railway passenger car seat wiring detection device based on single-chip microcomputer control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller control unit uses the 51 series microcontroller U14, specifically model STC8H1K08.

6. The railway passenger car seat wiring detection device based on single-chip microcomputer control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power conversion unit has a large 220uF capacitor at its input terminal.

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