Energy storage device and energy storage system

Abstract

The utility model is suitable for the technical field of batteries, and provides an energy storage device and an energy storage system.The energy storage device comprises an energy storage unit and a heat management module, the energy storage unit comprises a high-temperature battery monomer, and the heat management module comprises a heat management structure, a conveying assembly and a pipeline. The pipeline is connected to the energy storage unit so that a heat management loop used for circulating the heat exchange medium can be formed through connection, and the heat management loop is a single circulation loop comprising a heat management structure, a conveying assembly and the energy storage unit. The heat management structure and the conveying assembly are both arranged on the pipeline, and the conveying assembly is used for circularly conveying a heat exchange medium. And the heat exchange medium is used for exchanging heat with the high-temperature single battery and exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device through the heat management structure. Thus, the heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the energy storage unit and the external environment, heat management of the energy storage unit can be continuously achieved, application of a refrigerant loop is omitted, and auxiliary source power consumption of the energy storage unit in the heat management process is reduced.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This application claims priority to international patent application No. PCT / CN2025 / 104080, entitled “Energy Storage Device and Energy Storage System,” filed on June 26, 2025, with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (International Bureau), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application belongs to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, relates to an energy storage device and energy storage system. Background Technology

[0004] Energy storage devices are used to store electrical energy. They contain internal energy storage units and are characterized by convenient installation and transportation, high integration, small footprint, and good scalability. They are an important component of distributed energy, smart grids, and the energy internet in the energy storage field. With the rapid development of new energy technologies, energy storage devices have become one of the most important research directions in the new energy sector.

[0005] Energy storage devices are used as a supplement and backup system for the power grid. The energy storage units inside the energy storage devices may generate a lot of heat during operation, so coolant needs to be supplied to the energy storage units to cool them down.

[0006] In some cases, the thermal management of energy storage devices requires the coordinated operation of cooling circuits and refrigerant circuits. The coolant in the cooling circuit and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit need to circulate continuously, which makes the thermal management of energy storage devices consume a lot of energy and affects the economic benefits of energy storage devices.

[0007] The above statements are for the purpose of providing background information in relation to this application only and do not necessarily constitute prior art. Utility Model Content

[0008] In view of the above problems, the purpose of this application is to provide an energy storage device and energy storage system that can improve the technical problem of high auxiliary power consumption in the thermal management of the energy storage device.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this application is:

[0010] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage device, including:

[0011] Energy storage unit, which includes high-temperature battery cells;

[0012] The thermal management module includes a thermal management structure, a delivery component, and pipelines. The pipelines are connected to the energy storage unit to form a thermal management loop for circulating the heat exchange medium. The thermal management loop is a single-loop loop including the thermal management structure, the delivery component, and the energy storage unit. The thermal management structure and the delivery component are both located on the pipelines. The delivery component is used to circulate and deliver the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium is used to exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells and to exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure.

[0013] The energy storage device provided in this application embodiment has a thermal management module connected to an energy storage unit via pipelines to form a thermal management loop. The heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop exchanges heat with the high-temperature battery cells and also exchanges heat with the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure on the pipelines. Thus, during the thermal management of the energy storage unit, the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop can flow to the energy storage unit and exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells within the unit, thereby cooling the high-temperature battery cells and raising the temperature of the heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells. The heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells can flow to the thermal management structure and exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure, cooling the heat exchange medium. This allows the heat exchange medium to cool the high-temperature battery cells again when it flows back to the energy storage unit. In this way, the heat exchange medium can circulate in the thermal management loop and exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells and the external environment of the energy storage device, thereby continuously achieving thermal management of the energy storage unit. This energy storage device achieves thermal management of the energy storage unit through a single-cycle loop, eliminating the need for a refrigerant loop in traditional solutions. This eliminates the need for devices such as compressors, condensers, and expansion valves in the refrigerant loop, greatly reducing the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage unit during thermal management.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thermal management circuit is a coolant circuit.

[0015] This configuration allows the heat exchange medium to effectively exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells and the external environment of the energy storage device, thereby enabling sustainable thermal management of the energy storage unit.

[0016] In some embodiments, the operating temperature of the high-temperature battery cell after heat exchange with the heat exchange medium is T1, where T1 ∈ [30°C, 60°C].

[0017] This configuration allows the high-temperature battery cells to operate at higher temperatures, requiring less cooling compared to those operating at room temperature. This makes it more suitable to eliminate the need for a refrigerant circuit, thereby reducing auxiliary power consumption during thermal management and improving the economic efficiency of the energy storage device.

[0018] In some embodiments, the high-temperature battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate battery, sodium-ion battery, lithium-ion battery, and sodium-lithium-ion battery.

[0019] This design allows for flexible selection of the type of high-temperature battery cell.

[0020] In some embodiments, the temperature of the heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cell is T2, and the temperature of the external environment of the energy storage device is T3, where T2 > T3.

[0021] This design ensures a temperature difference between the heat exchange medium (after heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cells and before heat exchange with the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure) and the external environment of the energy storage device. When the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop flows into the thermal management structure through the second pipeline, it can exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure due to the temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the external environment. After exchanging heat with the external environment, the heat exchange medium cools down and can then cool the high-temperature battery cells again when it flows through the first pipeline to the energy storage unit. This configuration eliminates the need for a refrigerant circuit, reducing auxiliary power consumption during the thermal management process of the energy storage device.

[0022] In some embodiments, the energy storage device includes multiple energy storage units arranged in an array and connected in parallel via pipelines.

[0023] This configuration allows the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop to flow in parallel to each energy storage unit, thereby enabling heat exchange with multiple energy storage units separately and achieving cooling effects on multiple energy storage units individually. This improves the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage units.

[0024] In some embodiments, the thermal management structure includes a microchannel heat exchanger.

[0025] This configuration improves the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure. This allows the heat exchange medium to cool down after exchanging heat with the external environment, thus enabling further cooling of the energy storage unit. In this way, by eliminating the need for a refrigerant loop, the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit can be further improved.

[0026] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the thermal management structure is provided with a plurality of spaced heat dissipation fins.

[0027] This configuration increases the contact area between the thermal management structure and the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device, thereby improving the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device. In this way, the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit is improved by eliminating the need for a refrigerant loop.

[0028] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a fan for dissipating heat from the thermal management structure.

[0029] This improves the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure, thereby improving the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit by eliminating the need for a refrigerant loop.

[0030] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a housing, which includes a first compartment and a second compartment. An energy storage unit is disposed in the first compartment, and a thermal management structure is disposed in the second compartment, which is located above or to the side of the first compartment.

[0031] The enclosure is divided into a second compartment and a first compartment, with the energy storage unit located in the first compartment and the thermal management structure located in the second compartment. This allows the thermal management structure and energy storage unit to be arranged in separate zones, which facilitates the partitioned layout of the energy storage unit and the thermal management structure and reduces the impact of the heat exchange process at the thermal management structure on the cooling effect of the energy storage unit.

[0032] In some embodiments, the second compartment is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet's airflow direction is not perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure.

[0033] The air inlet's direction is not perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure, which facilitates the flow of air in the second compartment. This allows the airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device to flow through the air inlet into the second compartment and then to the thermal management structure, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency between the airflow from the external environment and the heat exchange medium.

[0034] In some embodiments, an air outlet is provided on the second compartment, and the air outlet is located at the top of the second compartment.

[0035] By setting the air outlet at the top of the second compartment, the airflow after heat exchange with the heat exchange medium can flow through the air outlet to the external environment of the energy storage device. This allows the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device to be continuously replenished into the second compartment, so that the heat exchange medium can continuously exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device and improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange medium.

[0036] In some embodiments, the second compartment is provided with an air inlet, which includes a first air inlet. The second compartment is provided with the first air inlet on at least one side along a first direction, and the second compartment is provided with an air outlet on one side along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction intersect.

[0037] The second compartment has a first air inlet on at least one side along the first direction and an air outlet on one side along the second direction. The first and second directions intersect, so that the air inlet and air outlet are respectively located on the side walls of the second compartment in different directions. This facilitates full contact between the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device and the thermal management structure inside the second compartment, and enables the heat exchange medium to exchange heat with the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0038] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a fan located in the second compartment; the second compartment has a first air inlet on each of its opposite sides along a first direction, and a thermal management structure is provided on both sides of the fan in the first direction.

[0039] This configuration allows airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device to enter the second chamber through the first air inlets on opposite sides of the second chamber along the first direction, and to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium through the thermal management structure on each side. This improves the efficiency of heat exchange between the airflow and the heat exchange medium.

[0040] In some embodiments, the air inlet includes a second air inlet, and the second compartment is provided with a second air inlet on at least one side along a third direction, the third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction respectively.

[0041] This configuration ensures that the second compartment has air inlets on at least one side in two different directions, allowing airflow from the external environment to flow into the second compartment through these inlets and replenish the thermal management structure. This ensures continuous and sufficient contact between the airflow from the external environment and the thermal management structure, thereby improving the efficiency of heat exchange between the airflow and the heat exchange medium.

[0042] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes an inverter, with pipelines connected to the inverter; the inverter and the energy storage unit are connected in parallel via pipelines, or the inverter and the energy storage unit are connected in series via pipelines.

[0043] This configuration allows the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop of the energy storage device to flow through pipelines to the inverter and energy storage unit, and exchange heat with the inverter and energy storage unit respectively, thereby achieving a cooling effect on the inverter and energy storage unit.

[0044] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes an inverter, the thermal management module includes a first thermal management module and a second thermal management module, and the thermal management loop includes a first thermal management loop and a second thermal management loop;

[0045] In the first thermal management module, the piping is connected to the energy storage unit to form the first thermal management loop;

[0046] In the second thermal management module, the piping is connected to the inverter to form a second thermal management loop.

[0047] This configuration allows for the installation of multiple thermal management modules within the energy storage device. The inverter and energy storage unit can be cooled separately through different thermal management modules, which helps to improve the thermal management effect of the energy storage unit and the inverter.

[0048] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a fan, which is disposed between the thermal management structure of the first thermal management module and the thermal management structure of the second thermal management module.

[0049] This configuration allows the first thermal management module and the second thermal management module to share the fan.

[0050] In some embodiments, the inverters are configured as multiple groups, which are connected in parallel via piping.

[0051] This configuration allows the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop to flow in parallel to multiple inverters, thereby enabling heat exchange with each inverter individually and achieving cooling effects on each inverter separately. This improves the thermal management efficiency of the inverters.

[0052] In some embodiments, the conveying assembly includes one or more conveying pumps, and when the conveying assembly includes multiple conveying pumps, the multiple conveying pumps are arranged in parallel via pipelines.

[0053] By connecting multiple delivery pumps in parallel via pipelines, they can be used alternately. This way, if one delivery pump fails, another can be used, thereby improving the reliability of the thermal management circuit and extending its overall service life.

[0054] In some embodiments, the thermal management circuit includes at least one of a water-based coolant circuit, an oil-based coolant circuit, and a nanofluid coolant circuit.

[0055] This configuration allows for great flexibility in the selection of coolant and thermal management circuits.

[0056] In some embodiments, the thermal management circuit includes a propylene glycol coolant circuit.

[0057] This design makes the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop less prone to deterioration, which helps extend the service life of the thermal management loop and thus the service life of the energy storage device.

[0058] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a heating device disposed on the pipeline.

[0059] This configuration allows the heating device to heat the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit, thereby enabling the heat exchange medium to heat the energy storage unit. As a result, the energy storage device can not only cool down the energy storage unit but also heat it up, thus achieving an adaptive thermal management effect for the energy storage unit.

[0060] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage system, including an energy storage device.

[0061] The energy storage system provided in this application, by employing the energy storage device mentioned above, helps to reduce the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage system during the thermal management process.

[0062] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0063] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or exemplary technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0064] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the topology of an energy storage device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0065] Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional view of an energy storage device provided in some embodiments of this application, viewed from the side.

[0066] Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view of the energy storage device provided in other embodiments of this application, taken from a side view.

[0067] Figure 4 Partial cross-sectional view of an energy storage device provided in some embodiments of this application from a side view;

[0068] Figure 5 Partial cross-sectional view from top view of an energy storage device provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0069] Figure 6 Topology schematic diagram of an energy storage device provided in other embodiments of this application;

[0070] Figure 7 A topology diagram of an energy storage device provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0071] Figure 8 This is a topological schematic diagram of an energy storage device provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0072] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0073] 10-Energy storage device; 101-Thermal management circuit; 101a-First thermal management circuit; 101b-Second thermal management circuit; 1-Battery cluster; 11-Energy storage unit; 2-Thermal management module; 2a-First thermal management module; 2b-Second thermal management module; 21-Thermal management structure; 22-Transmission component; 221-Transmission pump; 23-Pipeline; 231-First pipeline; 232-Second pipeline; 24-Fan; 25-Heating device; 3-Inverter; 4-Casing; 401-Air inlet; 401a-First air inlet; 401b-Second air inlet; 402-Air outlet; 41-First compartment; 42-Second compartment; a-Air inlet direction; b-Air outlet direction; X-First direction; Y-Second direction; Z-Third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0074] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0075] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application can be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0076] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.

[0077] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0078] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0079] In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, and unless otherwise explicitly specified, "two or more" includes two. Correspondingly, "multiple groups" means two or more groups, including two groups.

[0080] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0081] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three possibilities: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0082] Although this application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made thereto and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of this application. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any manner, provided there is no structural conflict. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0083] Energy storage devices are used to store electrical energy. They contain internal energy storage units and are characterized by convenient installation and transportation, high integration, small footprint, and good scalability. Energy storage devices are an important component of distributed energy, smart grids, and the energy internet development within the energy storage field. With the rapid development of new energy technologies, energy storage devices have become one of the more important research directions in the new energy field.

[0084] Energy storage devices are used as supplementary and backup systems for the power grid. The energy storage units inside these devices may generate a significant amount of heat during operation. Therefore, thermal management of the energy storage units is essential to ensure they can meet long-term operational needs.

[0085] In some cases, energy storage devices can employ air cooling for thermal management of the energy storage unit. Specifically, a cooling system actively supplies cool air into the energy storage unit to remove heat and achieve a cooling effect. However, the free movement of cool air into and out of the energy storage unit makes it difficult to design a sealed system, leading to condensation inside and affecting its performance.

[0086] In other cases, energy storage devices can employ natural heat dissipation for thermal management of the energy storage units. Specifically, the energy storage units exchange heat naturally with the outside air, allowing the outside air to directly carry away the heat generated by the energy storage units, thus achieving a cooling effect. However, the outside air cannot accurately manage the thermal performance of all energy storage units within the energy storage device, nor can it effectively manage the temperature of the energy storage units.

[0087] In some cases, energy storage devices can employ water-cooled units for thermal management of the energy storage unit. Specifically, the energy storage unit is connected via piping to form a cooling loop, while the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, etc., are connected via piping to form a refrigerant loop. The cooling loop circulates the coolant, and the refrigerant loop circulates the refrigerant. A heat exchanger is installed between the refrigerant loop and the cooling loop. During operation, the coolant circulates in the cooling loop, and the refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant loop. The coolant can flow to the energy storage unit and exchange heat with it, absorbing heat and increasing its temperature to cool the energy storage unit. After exchanging heat with the energy storage unit, the coolant can flow to the heat exchanger and exchange heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant loop, releasing heat and decreasing its temperature. The coolant, after exchanging heat with the refrigerant, can then flow back to the energy storage unit to cool it. This cycle, in conjunction with the refrigerant circuit, allows the coolant in the cooling circuit to continuously cool the energy storage unit. Furthermore, the refrigerant flows to the heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with the coolant, absorbing heat and increasing in temperature. After exchanging heat with the coolant, the refrigerant flows to the compressor, condenser, and other devices, where it undergoes a gas-liquid phase change, transferring heat to the external environment of the energy storage device. Specifically, when the coolant, after exchanging heat with the energy storage unit, flows to the heat exchanger, it exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit, resulting in a significant temperature drop. This allows the coolant to exchange heat with the energy storage unit at a low temperature, thus significantly cooling the unit and enabling it to operate normally after being cooled by the coolant.

[0088] However, due to the setup of cooling and refrigerant circuits, both coolant and refrigerant need to be continuously circulated, which makes the thermal management of the energy storage unit consume a lot of energy, affecting the economic benefits of the energy storage system.

[0089] Based on the above considerations, this application provides an energy storage device and an energy storage system. The thermal management module of the energy storage device is connected to the energy storage unit via pipelines to form a thermal management loop. The energy storage unit uses high-temperature battery cells as energy storage units. The heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop is used for heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cells and for heat exchange with the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure on the pipelines. Thus, during the thermal management of the energy storage unit, the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop can flow to the energy storage unit and exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells, thereby cooling the high-temperature battery cells, and the heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells is heated. The heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells can flow to the thermal management structure and exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure, and the heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device is cooled, so that when the heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device flows back to the energy storage unit, it can again cool the high-temperature battery cells. In this way, the heat exchange medium can circulate in the thermal management loop and exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells and the external environment of the energy storage device, thereby continuously achieving thermal management of the energy storage unit. This makes the thermal management module suitable for cooling the high-temperature battery cells. This energy storage device achieves thermal management of the energy storage unit through only a single circulation loop, eliminating the need for the refrigerant loop in traditional solutions. This eliminates the need for devices such as compressors, condensers, and expansion valves in the refrigerant loop, greatly reducing the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage device during the thermal management process.

[0090] It should be further explained that, compared to natural heat dissipation, cooling the high-temperature battery cells through a thermal management loop enables accurate and efficient thermal management of all energy storage units. Compared to air cooling, there is no need to actively supply cold air into the energy storage units, which facilitates a more sealed design and reduces the problem of condensation inside the units, thus improving the performance of the energy storage device. Furthermore, air cooling or natural heat dissipation methods place relatively higher demands on the spatial layout of the energy storage units; for example, the units need to be arranged more dispersedly with sufficient spacing.

[0091] The energy storage device provided in this application embodiment can be used in energy storage power stations, wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems, etc. The energy storage device can store electrical energy as needed and output it at appropriate times. For example, the energy storage device can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or electrical devices during peak hours.

[0092] In this application, the energy storage device involved in the embodiments can be an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0093] The energy storage device may include an energy storage unit, which is a unit in the energy storage device used to store energy.

[0094] The energy storage unit may include one or more battery cells.

[0095] The energy storage unit may include one or more battery devices, and the battery devices may include one or more individual battery cells.

[0096] The energy storage unit may include one or more battery clusters, and the battery clusters may include multiple battery devices.

[0097] In some embodiments, multiple battery devices in a battery cluster can be connected in series via a busbar to increase the voltage of the energy storage device.

[0098] In some embodiments, when the energy storage device includes multiple battery clusters, the multiple battery clusters can be connected in parallel to increase the capacity of the energy storage device.

[0099] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may further include a cabinet in which the battery clusters are housed.

[0100] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may further include modules such as a thermal management module, a main control module, a central control module, a power distribution module, and a fire protection module.

[0101] In some embodiments, the thermal management module may include a liquid cooling unit that provides coolant to each energy storage unit via pipelines for regulating the temperature of individual battery cells.

[0102] In some embodiments, the main control module can serve as the battery management unit for the battery cluster, used to monitor and manage the battery cluster. The main control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, or temperature of the battery cluster. For example, the main control module can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the battery cluster. The main control module includes modules such as an auxiliary battery management unit (SBMU) and a fusion switch.

[0103] In some embodiments, the central control module can serve as the battery management unit of the energy storage device, used for monitoring and managing the energy storage device. The central control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, state of charge, or temperature of the energy storage device. For example, the central control module can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the energy storage device. As an example, the central control module includes modules such as an insulation monitoring module (IMM), a master battery management unit (MBMU), an Ethernet (ETH) module, and a fiber optic conversion module.

[0104] In some embodiments, the fire protection module may include a control panel, detectors, alarm devices, etc., for detecting, alarming, or extinguishing fires in the energy storage device.

[0105] In some embodiments, the power distribution module can be used to distribute power to modules in the energy storage device that require electricity.

[0106] A battery device can be a single physical module comprising one or more battery cells, used to provide voltage and capacity. When there are multiple battery cells, they are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection via a busbar. A mixed connection refers to multiple battery cells being connected in both series and parallel connections.

[0107] In some embodiments, the battery device can be a battery module. When there are multiple battery cells, the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module. As an example, multiple battery cells can be fixed to form a battery module by cable ties or the like. As an example, multiple battery cells can also be fixed to form a battery module by end plates, side plates, or the like.

[0108] In some embodiments, the battery device can be a battery pack, which may include a housing and individual battery cells. As an example, individual battery cells may be directly housed within the housing. As another example, multiple individual battery cells may first be assembled into one or more battery modules and then housed within the housing.

[0109] A battery cell is the smallest unit used to store and output electrical energy. A battery cell can be a secondary battery or a primary battery. A secondary battery is a battery cell that can be recharged after discharge to reactivate its active materials and continue to be used. Battery cells can be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, or other shapes. Types of battery cells include lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, and lead-acid batteries.

[0110] The energy storage system involved in the embodiments of this application can be any power system that requires energy storage devices.

[0111] In some embodiments, the energy storage system according to this application may include energy storage devices. The energy storage system may be connected to a power grid or microgrid; or, the energy storage system may be coupled to power generation equipment; or, the energy storage system may be connected to electrical consumption equipment. The number of energy storage devices 10 may be one or more.

[0112] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a topological schematic diagram of an energy storage device 10 provided in some embodiments of this application. The energy storage device 10 provided in this application includes an energy storage unit 11 and a thermal management module 2. The energy storage unit 11 includes a high-temperature battery cell, and the thermal management module 2 includes a thermal management structure 21, a delivery component 22, and a pipeline 23. The thermal management structure 21 and the delivery component 22 are both disposed on the pipeline 23. The pipeline 23 is connected to the energy storage unit 11 to form a thermal management loop 101. The thermal management loop 101 is a single-loop loop including the thermal management structure 21, the delivery component 22, and the energy storage unit 11. The thermal management loop 101 is used to circulate the heat exchange medium, and the delivery component 22 is used to circulate and deliver the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium is used to exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cell, and the heat exchange medium is used to exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21.

[0113] The energy storage unit 11 provided in this application embodiment uses high-temperature battery cells. A high-temperature battery cell refers to a battery cell that can operate under certain high-temperature conditions, that is, under certain high-temperature conditions, a high-temperature battery cell can meet the requirements of a higher number of charge-discharge cycles.

[0114] Thermal management module 2 refers to a structural module used to implement thermal management of energy storage unit 11. The aforementioned liquid-cooled unit includes thermal management module 2.

[0115] The heat exchange medium can be in the form of liquid, gas, or other substances. As an example, the heat exchange medium is a coolant. This coolant can include, but is not limited to, ethylene glycol coolant and propylene glycol coolant.

[0116] Pipeline 23 is used to supply the heat exchange medium to form a thermal management circuit 101. The material of pipeline 23 can be an insulating material (such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, etc.) or a metal material (such as stainless steel pipe, aluminum pipe, copper pipe, alloy pipe, etc.), so that the heat exchange medium can flow in pipeline 23 for a long time, thereby realizing long-term circulation in thermal management circuit 101.

[0117] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the pipeline 23 may include a first pipeline 231 and a second pipeline 232. The first pipeline 231 is connected between the outlet of the thermal management structure 21 and the inlet of the energy storage unit 11, and the second pipeline 232 is connected between the outlet of the energy storage unit 11 and the inlet of the thermal management structure 21. During the circulation of the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101, the heat exchange medium can pass through the first pipeline 231, the energy storage unit 11, the second pipeline 232, and the thermal management structure 21 in sequence.

[0118] The thermal management loop 101 is a single-loop loop including the thermal management structure 21, the conveying component 22, and the energy storage unit 11. It refers to a loop in which the thermal management structure 21, the conveying component 22, and the energy storage unit 11 are connected in series via a pipe 23, and it is a loop where the heat exchange medium circulates in one direction. As an example, during the circulation of the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101, the heat exchange medium can sequentially pass through the thermal management structure 21, the conveying component 22, and the energy storage unit 11.

[0119] The delivery assembly 22 refers to a structure used for delivering the heat exchange medium, and may include, but is not limited to, a water pump. Understandably, the delivery assembly 22 can drive the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101 to circulate within the loop. Specifically, the heat exchange medium can first flow through the first pipe 231 to the energy storage unit 11 in the thermal management loop 101, then through the second pipe 232 to the thermal management structure 21, then again through the first pipe 231 to the energy storage unit 11, then again through the second pipe 232 to the thermal management structure 21, and so on, so that the heat exchange medium circulates within the thermal management loop 101 through the pipes 23.

[0120] The thermal management structure 21 refers to the structure used for heat exchange between the heat exchange medium in the heating management loop 101 and the external environment of the energy storage device 10. Understandably, when the heat exchange medium in the heating management loop 101 flows into the thermal management structure 21 through the second pipe 232, the heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. Specifically, the thermal management structure 21 has excellent heat dissipation function. When the heat exchange medium flows into the thermal management structure 21, the heat exchange medium can effectively dissipate heat through the thermal management structure 21, thereby enabling the heat exchange medium to efficiently exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 under the action of the thermal management structure 21.

[0121] Understandably, when the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 flows into the energy storage unit 11 through the first pipe 231, it can exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells of the energy storage unit 11, thereby cooling the high-temperature battery cells. When the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 flows into the thermal management structure 21 through the second pipe 232, it can exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21, thereby cooling the heat exchange medium.

[0122] For ease of description, the operating temperature of the high-temperature battery cell after heat exchange with the heat exchange medium is defined as T1. The temperature of the heat exchange medium after heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cell is defined as T2; that is, T2 is the temperature of the heat exchange medium after heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cell and before heat exchange with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21; it can also be understood that T2 is the temperature of the heat exchange medium along the path of the energy storage unit 11, the second pipeline 232, and the thermal management structure 21. The temperature of the external environment of the energy storage device 10 is defined as T3. The temperature of the heat exchange medium before heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cell is defined as T4; that is, T4 is the temperature of the heat exchange medium after heat exchange with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21 and before heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cell; it can also be understood that T4 is the temperature of the heat exchange medium along the path of the thermal management structure 21, the first pipeline 231, and the energy storage unit 11.

[0123] Understandably, T1 > T4, resulting in a certain temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the high-temperature battery cells after heat exchange with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 via the thermal management structure 21 and before heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cells. When the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101 flows into the energy storage unit 11 through the first pipe 231, based on the aforementioned temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the high-temperature battery cells, the heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells of the energy storage unit 11. The high-temperature battery cells of the energy storage unit 11 cool down after exchanging heat with the heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium heats up after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells of the energy storage unit 11. Specifically, the heat exchange medium heats up after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells of the energy storage unit 11, such that T1 ≥ T2.

[0124] Understandably, T2 > T3, resulting in a certain temperature difference between the heat exchange medium after heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cell and before heat exchange with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21, and the external environment of the energy storage device 10. When the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101 flows into the thermal management structure 21 through the second pipe 232, based on the aforementioned temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device 10, the heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21, and the heat exchange medium cools down after exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10. Specifically, the cooling of the heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 results in T4 ≥ T3.

[0125] The heat exchange medium heats up after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells of the energy storage unit 11, and cools down after exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10, i.e., T2 > T4.

[0126] Understandably, T1≥T2>T4≥T3. That is, the operating temperature of a high-temperature battery cell is higher after heat exchange with the heat exchange medium.

[0127] The external environment of the energy storage device 10 refers to the environment outside the energy storage device 10, specifically the environment outside the housing 4 mentioned below. The external environment of the energy storage device 10 can be either an indoor environment or an outdoor environment. Specifically, when the energy storage device 10 is located indoors, its external environment is the indoor environment; when the energy storage device 10 is located outdoors, its external environment is the natural environment.

[0128] In some possible designs, the thermal management structure 21 can be directly exposed to the external environment of the energy storage device 10, allowing the heat exchange medium to exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. Alternatively, in other possible designs, the thermal management structure 21 is not directly exposed to the external environment of the energy storage device 10, but the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can be driven to the thermal management structure 21 inside the energy storage device 10, allowing the heat exchange medium to exchange heat with the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21.

[0129] In some possible designs, the energy storage unit 11 includes a heat exchange component, which may be, but is not limited to, a heat exchange plate, heat exchange tubes, or heat exchange channels integrated into the wall panel of the energy storage unit 11. Pipes 23 are connected to the energy storage unit 11. Specifically, a first pipe 231 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange component of the energy storage unit 11, allowing the heat exchange medium to flow into the heat exchange component of the energy storage unit 11 under the conveying action of the conveying component 22, thereby cooling the high-temperature battery cells of the energy storage unit 11. Furthermore, a second pipe 232 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange component.

[0130] It should be further noted that T1, T2, T3, and T4 can generally be obtained at room temperature. Specifically, T1 can be obtained, but is not limited to, from the top, sidewall, bottom, or interior of the high-temperature battery cell; T2 can be obtained, but is not limited to, from the water outlet of the energy storage unit 11, on the second pipe 232, or at the water inlet of the thermal management structure 21; and T4 can be obtained, but is not limited to, from the water inlet of the energy storage unit 11, on the first pipe 231, or from the water outlet of the thermal management structure 21. T3 can be obtained, but is not limited to, from the air inlet side of the thermal management structure 21; for example, T3 can be obtained at the air inlet 401 of the second compartment 42, as described below.

[0131] The energy storage device 10 provided in this embodiment has a thermal management module 2 connected to an energy storage unit 11 via a pipe 23 to form a thermal management loop 101. The energy storage unit 11 uses high-temperature battery cells as energy storage units. The heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101 is used for heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cells and for heat exchange with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21 on the pipe 23. Thus, during the thermal management of the energy storage unit 11, the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101 can flow to the energy storage unit 11 and exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells in the energy storage unit 11, thereby cooling the high-temperature battery cells and raising the temperature of the heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells. The heat exchange medium, after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells, can flow to the thermal management structure 21 and exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. The heat exchange medium cools down after exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10, allowing it to cool the high-temperature battery cells again when it flows back to the energy storage unit 11. In this way, the heat exchange medium can circulate in the thermal management loop 101, exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells and the external environment of the energy storage device 10, thereby continuously achieving thermal management of the energy storage unit 11. This makes the thermal management module 2 suitable for cooling the high-temperature battery cells. The energy storage device 10 achieves thermal management of the energy storage unit 11 through a single-cycle loop, eliminating the need for the refrigerant loop in traditional solutions. This eliminates the need for devices such as compressors, condensers, and expansion valves in the refrigerant loop, greatly reducing the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage unit 11 during thermal management. Consequently, the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage device 10 during thermal management is reduced, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the energy storage device 10.

[0132] Specifically, by eliminating the use of devices such as compressors, condensers, and expansion valves in the refrigerant circuit, the auxiliary power consumption generated by these devices during operation can be saved.

[0133] Understandably, because the operating temperature of a high-temperature battery cell is relatively high after heat exchange with the heat exchange medium, the cooling effect on the high-temperature battery cell is less than that on a room-temperature battery cell. Therefore, the thermal management circuit 101 provided in this embodiment can be used for cooling high-temperature battery cells, allowing the high-temperature battery cell to be used without a refrigerant circuit, thereby reducing the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage device 10 during thermal management and improving the economic efficiency of the energy storage device 10.

[0134] It should be further explained that by omitting the refrigerant circuit, on the one hand, the use of refrigerant is eliminated, thereby mitigating the greenhouse effect and environmental damage caused by refrigerant as a fluorinated phase change material during the gas-liquid phase change process, and helping to protect the external environment of the energy storage device 10. On the other hand, the elimination of the use of refrigerant, compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and other devices reduces the product cost of the energy storage device 10.

[0135] Furthermore, in the refrigerant circuit, components such as the compressor, condenser, and expansion valve are all susceptible to failure, which can easily affect the service life of the energy storage device 10. By omitting the refrigerant circuit in the traditional solution, the number of potentially faulty components in the energy storage device 10 can be reduced, thereby lowering the failure rate of the energy storage device 10, helping to reduce the operation and maintenance costs of the energy storage device 10, and extending its service life. For example, when the compressor fails, the entire refrigerant circuit usually needs to be replaced, and sometimes the entire energy storage device 10 may even need to be scrapped. In this embodiment, the thermal management structure 21 is generally a mechanical component, which is not easily damaged and has a long service life. When the energy storage device 10 is equipped with a fan 24, when the fan 24 fails, the fan 24 can be replaced directly without replacing the entire thermal management circuit 101 or scrapping the entire energy storage device 10, thus extending the service life of the energy storage device 10.

[0136] It should also be noted that, compared to natural heat dissipation, by setting up a thermal management circuit 101 to cool down the high-temperature battery cells, accurate and efficient thermal management can be achieved for all energy storage units 11. Compared to air cooling, there is no need to actively supply cold air into the energy storage unit 11, which facilitates the sealing design of the energy storage unit 11, thereby improving the problem of condensation inside the energy storage unit 11 and helping to improve the performance of the energy storage device 10.

[0137] Furthermore, the heat exchange medium enters the energy storage unit 11 through the pipe 23, which not only meets the thermal management requirements of the high-temperature battery cells, but also provides more flexibility in the arrangement of multiple energy storage units 11 compared to natural heat dissipation or air cooling. For example, but not limited to, the spacing between the energy storage units can meet the layout of the pipe 23 without the need to set up a specific structure of the air duct, thereby helping to improve the space utilization rate within the energy storage device 10 to a certain extent.

[0138] In some embodiments, the thermal management circuit 101 is a coolant circuit.

[0139] The coolant circuit refers to a liquid-cooled circuit where the heat exchange medium is coolant, excluding the refrigerant circuit. That is, the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 is coolant. The coolant can be a water-based coolant, such as pure water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, etc. The coolant can also be an oil-based coolant, such as mineral oil, silicone oil, synthetic oil, etc. The coolant can also be a nanofluid coolant; specifically, adding nanoparticles (such as alumina, copper oxide, graphene, etc.) to water or oil can significantly improve thermal conductivity.

[0140] This configuration allows the heat exchange medium to effectively exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells and the external environment of the energy storage device 10, thereby enabling sustainable thermal management of the energy storage unit 11.

[0141] In some embodiments, T1 ∈ [30°C, 60°C].

[0142] Understandably, the operating temperature of a high-temperature battery cell is 30℃~60℃.

[0143] Specifically, T1 can be 30℃~40℃, 40℃~50℃, 50℃~60℃, etc., and can be approximately equal to 30℃, 31℃, 32℃, 33℃, 34℃, 35℃, 36℃, 37℃, 38℃, 39℃, 40℃, 41℃, 42℃, 43℃, 44℃, 45℃, 46℃, 47℃, 48℃, 49℃, 50℃, 51℃, 52℃, 53℃, 54℃, 55℃, 56℃, 57℃, 58℃, 59℃, 60℃, etc.

[0144] The phrase "approximately equal to" can be understood as rounding. For example, when the operating temperature of a high-temperature battery cell is 30.3℃, it can be approximately equal to 30℃. For example, when the operating temperature of a high-temperature battery cell is 59.5℃, it can be approximately equal to 60℃.

[0145] For example, T1 can be, but is not limited to, 30.5℃, 35.6℃, 38℃, 46.3℃, 54.8℃, 59.7℃, etc.

[0146] High-temperature battery cells have a high operating temperature, which will rise to T5 under long-term operation. Under normal circumstances, T5 > T1. Optionally: T1 is 30℃~40℃, T5 is 38℃~55℃; Optionally: T1 is 40℃~50℃, T5 is 55℃~65℃; Optionally: T1 is 50℃~60℃, T5 is 60℃~70℃, etc.

[0147] In some embodiments, the range of T5-T1 can be 5℃~25℃, such as 5℃, 7℃, 8.5℃, 11℃, 15℃, 18.5℃, 20.3℃, 25℃, etc.

[0148] Understandably, high-temperature battery cells have higher operating temperatures, and the cooling effect on high-temperature battery cells is less than that on normal-temperature battery cells. Therefore, the thermal management circuit 101 provided in this embodiment is more suitable for cooling high-temperature battery cells, making it easier to eliminate the need for a refrigerant circuit. This reduces the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage device 10 during thermal management, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the energy storage device 10.

[0149] In some embodiments, the high-temperature battery cell includes a non-aqueous electrolyte.

[0150] A non-aqueous electrolyte is an electrolyte based on a non-aqueous solvent. A non-aqueous electrolyte includes a solvent, a solute, and additives. Specifically, a non-aqueous electrolyte can be, but is not limited to, an organic solvent electrolyte, meaning that the solvent in a non-aqueous electrolyte is an organic solvent.

[0151] In some embodiments, the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt, wherein the concentration of the lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.3 mol / L to 0.7 mol / L.

[0152] Understandably, the solute in the non-aqueous electrolyte is a lithium salt. This lithium salt may include at least one of lithium salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium tetrafluoroborate.

[0153] Understandably, in high-temperature battery cells, the mass ratio of lithium salt to non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.3 mol / L to 0.7 mol / L.

[0154] Preferably, the concentration of lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte can be 0.4 mol / L to 0.6 mol / L.

[0155] The concentration of lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte can be 0.3 mol / L, 0.31 mol / L, 0.33 mol / L, 0.35 mol / L, 0.38 mol / L, 0.4 mol / L, 0.41 mol / L, 0.42 mol / L, 0.43 mol / L, 0.44 mol / L, 0.45 mol / L, 0.46 mol / L, 0.47 mol / L, 0.48 mol / L, 0.49 mol / L, etc. l / L, 0.5mol / L, 0.51mol / L, 0.52mol / L, 0.53mol / L, 0.54mol / L, 0.55mol / L, 0.56mol / L, 0.57mol / L, 0.58mol / L, 0.59mol / L, 0.6mol / L, 0.62mol / L, 0.64mol / L, 0.67mol / L, 0.69mol / L, 0.7mol / L, etc.

[0156] It should be noted that in conventional techniques, the concentration of lithium salt in non-aqueous electrolytes is generally around 1 mol / L.

[0157] This configuration results in a lower concentration of lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte, which reduces the degree of side reactions between lithium salt and the negative electrode under high-temperature conditions. This reduces damage to the passivation layer (SEI film, also known as the solid electrolyte interface film) formed on the surface of the negative electrode during the first charge and discharge process, and also reduces the consumption of lithium salt. As a result, the rapid degradation of the lifespan of high-temperature battery cells can be avoided to a certain extent, allowing high-temperature battery cells to operate normally for a long time under high-temperature conditions. This makes high-temperature battery cells suitable for use without a refrigerant circuit.

[0158] In some embodiments, the high-temperature battery cell includes a cyclic carbonate solvent, wherein the cyclic carbonate solvent accounts for 36% to 60% of the mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte.

[0159] Understandably, the solvent in the non-aqueous electrolyte is a cyclic carbonate solvent.

[0160] Understandably, in high-temperature battery cells, the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate solvents to non-aqueous electrolyte is 36% to 60%.

[0161] Preferably, the mass ratio of the cyclic carbonate solvent to the non-aqueous electrolyte can be 40% to 50%.

[0162] The mass percentage of cyclic carbonate solvents in the non-aqueous electrolyte can be 36%, 36.1%, 36.3%, 36.5%, 36.8%, 37%, 37.2%, 37.5%, 37.7%, 37.9%, 38%, 38.3%, 38.6%, 38.8%, 39%, 39.1%, 39.2%, 39.3%, 39.4%, 39.5%, 39.6%, 39.7%, 39.8%, 39.9%, 40%, 40.1%, 40.2%, 40.3%, 40.4%, 40 ... 0.5%, 40.6%, 40.7%, 40.8%, 40.9%, 41%, 41.4%, 41.6%, 41.8%, 42%, 42.5%, 42.9%, 43%, 43.5%, 43.8%, 44%, 44.6%, 44.9%, 45%, 45.7%, 46%, 46.9%, 47%, 47.3%, 48%, 48.5%, 49%, 49.1%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, etc.

[0163] It should be noted that in conventional techniques, the mass ratio of cyclic carbonate solvents to non-aqueous electrolytes is generally around 30%.

[0164] This configuration results in a higher mass proportion of cyclic carbonate solvents in the non-aqueous electrolyte, which reduces the content of linear carbonates in the non-aqueous electrolyte. This reduces the amount of gas generated by the high-temperature battery cells under high-temperature conditions, thus ensuring the service life of the high-temperature battery cells to a certain extent. As a result, the high-temperature battery cells can operate normally for a long time under high-temperature conditions, making them suitable for use without a refrigerant circuit.

[0165] As an example, the concentration of lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte can be approximately 0.5 mol / L, and the mass percentage of cyclic carbonate solvent in the non-aqueous electrolyte can be approximately 40%.

[0166] The "approximately" mentioned above can be understood as rounding. For example, when the concentration of lithium salt in a non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.53 mol / L, it can be considered approximately 0.5 mol / L. For example, when the mass percentage of cyclic carbonate solvent in a non-aqueous electrolyte is 40.4%, it can be considered approximately 40%.

[0167] In some embodiments, the high-temperature battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate battery, sodium-ion battery, lithium-ion battery, and sodium-lithium-ion battery.

[0168] This design allows for flexible selection of the type of high-temperature battery cell.

[0169] In some embodiments, the high-temperature battery cell can be a high-temperature, low-lithium-consumption battery. Specifically, during the operation of the high-temperature battery cell, the lithium-ion loss caused by the migration of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes is low, enabling the high-temperature battery cell to operate normally for a long time under high-temperature conditions.

[0170] In some embodiments, the temperature of the heat exchange medium after heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cell is T2, and the temperature of the external environment of the energy storage device 10 is T3, where T2 > T3.

[0171] T2 > T3, meaning that the temperature of the heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cell and before exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21 is greater than the temperature of the external environment of the energy storage device 10.

[0172] This design ensures a temperature difference between the heat exchange medium (after heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cells and before heat exchange with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 via the thermal management structure 21) and the external environment of the energy storage device 10. When the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101 flows into the thermal management structure 21 through the second pipe 232, it can exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21 based on the aforementioned temperature difference. After exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10, the heat exchange medium cools down and can then cool the high-temperature battery cells again when it flows through the first pipe 231 to the energy storage unit 11. This configuration eliminates the need for a refrigerant loop, reducing the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage device 10 during the thermal management process.

[0173] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 And in conjunction with other accompanying drawings. The energy storage device 10 includes a plurality of battery clusters 1, each battery cluster 1 including at least one energy storage unit 11, that is, a battery cluster 1 may include one or more energy storage units 11, and at least some of the battery clusters 1 are connected in parallel through pipes 23.

[0174] In some possible designs, such as Figure 1 As shown, a battery cluster 1 includes multiple energy storage units 11. Multiple battery clusters 1 are connected in parallel via pipes 23, that is, any two battery clusters 1 are connected in parallel via pipes 23.

[0175] In some other possible designs, a battery cluster 1 includes an energy storage unit 11. Multiple battery clusters 1 are connected in parallel via conduits 23, that is, any two energy storage units 11 are connected in parallel via conduits 23.

[0176] In some other possible designs, some of the battery clusters 1 in the multiple battery clusters 1 are connected in parallel through pipes 23, and at least one parallel branch is provided with multiple battery clusters 1 connected in series through pipes 23.

[0177] This configuration allows the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 to flow in parallel to multiple battery clusters 1, thereby exchanging heat with each of the multiple battery clusters 1 separately to achieve a cooling effect on each of the multiple battery clusters 1, which can improve the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit 11.

[0178] When the battery cluster 1 includes multiple energy storage units 11, the multiple energy storage units 11 in the battery cluster 1 can be configured in at least one of series or parallel connection.

[0179] When the energy storage device 10 includes multiple energy storage units 11, the multiple energy storage units 11 can be distributed in an array.

[0180] In this configuration, a battery cluster 1 includes an energy storage unit 11, and when any two energy storage units 11 are connected in parallel through a pipe 23, the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 can flow in parallel to each energy storage unit 11, thereby exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cells of multiple energy storage units 11 respectively, so as to achieve the cooling effect on the high-temperature battery cells of multiple energy storage units 11, thus improving the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit 11.

[0181] In some embodiments, the thermal management structure 21 includes a microchannel heat exchanger.

[0182] Understandably, the thermal management structure 21 contains microchannels. Specifically, the microchannels can be arranged in a complex, tortuous manner so that the heat exchange medium can flow in a tortuous manner when it flows into the thermal management structure 21.

[0183] This configuration improves the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. This allows the heat exchange medium to cool down after exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10, thus further cooling the high-temperature battery cells in the energy storage unit 11. In this way, the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit 11 is further improved by eliminating the need for a refrigerant circuit.

[0184] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the thermal management structure 21 is provided with a plurality of spaced heat dissipation fins.

[0185] This configuration increases the contact area between the thermal management structure 21 and the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10, thereby improving the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. This allows the heat exchange medium to cool down after exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10, which in turn cools the high-temperature battery cells in the energy storage unit 11. In this way, the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit 11 is further improved by eliminating the need for a refrigerant circuit.

[0186] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 And in conjunction with other accompanying drawings. The energy storage device 10 also includes a fan 24, which is used to dissipate heat from the thermal management structure 21.

[0187] The fan 24 is a component used to circulate airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10.

[0188] Understandably, the fan 24 can drive the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10, so that the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can be continuously replenished to the thermal management structure 21. In this way, the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21 can be improved, thereby further improving the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit 11 by eliminating the need for a refrigerant loop.

[0189] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 And in conjunction with other accompanying figures. Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view from the side of an energy storage device 10 provided in some embodiments of this application. The energy storage device 10 also includes a housing 4, which includes a first compartment 41 and a second compartment 42. An energy storage unit 11 is disposed within the first compartment 41, and a thermal management structure 21 is disposed within the second compartment 42. In some possible designs, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the second compartment 42 is positioned above the first compartment 41; alternatively, in some other possible designs, the second compartment 42 is positioned to the side of the first compartment 41. Figure 2 In the image, the arrows indicate the air intake direction a and the air outlet direction b of the second compartment 42.

[0190] The enclosure 4 refers to the component used to house the energy storage unit 11 and the thermal management module 2. The enclosure 4 may be, but is not limited to, a shipping container.

[0191] The first compartment 41 and the second compartment 42 are two structural parts of the housing 4, and both the first compartment 41 and the second compartment 42 have internal storage spaces. The energy storage unit 11 is located in the internal storage space of the first compartment 41, and the thermal management structure 21 is located in the internal storage space of the second compartment 42.

[0192] The enclosure 4 is divided into a second compartment 42 and a first compartment 41. The energy storage unit 11 is located in the first compartment 41, and the thermal management structure 21 is located in the second compartment 42. This allows the enclosure 4 to arrange the thermal management structure 21 and the energy storage unit 11 in different areas, which is conducive to the partitioned layout of the energy storage unit 11 and the thermal management structure 21 and reduces the impact of the heat exchange process at the thermal management structure 21 on the cooling effect of the energy storage unit 11.

[0193] By positioning the second compartment 42 above the first compartment 41, it facilitates airflow circulation within the second compartment 42, thereby improving the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. Furthermore, positioning the second compartment 42 above the first compartment 41 reduces exposure to direct sunlight to some extent, which helps maintain a stable temperature within the energy storage container.

[0194] It should be noted that the fan 24 is located on the second compartment 42. Specifically, the fan 24 can be installed inside the second compartment 42 or on the side wall of the second compartment 42.

[0195] The second compartment 42 can be set above the first compartment 41 or to the side of the first compartment 41, allowing for a flexible layout of the first compartment 41 and the second compartment 42.

[0196] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 And in conjunction with other attached diagrams. The second compartment 42 is equipped with an air inlet 401 and an air outlet 402. Among them, Figure 2 In the diagram, the outlines of the air inlet 401 and the air outlet 402 are both defined by dashed lines.

[0197] Understandably, the side wall of the second compartment 42 is formed with an air inlet 401 and an air outlet 402, which are spaced apart. The air inlet 401 is used to allow airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 to enter the second compartment 42, so that the airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 flows to the thermal management structure 21 inside the second compartment 42, thereby allowing the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 to exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. The air outlet 402 is used to allow airflow from inside the second compartment 42 to flow to the external environment of the energy storage device 10.

[0198] With this configuration, airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can flow through the air inlet 401 into the second compartment 42, and then to the thermal management structure 21, where it exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the pipe 23. Finally, it flows out through the air outlet 402 back into the external environment of the energy storage device 10. In this way, the airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can exchange heat with the heat exchange medium through the thermal management structure 21, achieving cooling of the heat exchange medium.

[0199] Specifically, driven by the fan 24, the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can flow into the second chamber 42 through the air inlet 401, and then through the thermal management structure 21 and the fan 24, before flowing back into the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the air outlet 402. Thus, driven by the fan 24, the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can continuously replenish the thermal management structure 21. The heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 can continuously exchange heat with the airflow flowing to the thermal management structure 21. In other words, the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 can continuously exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. This improves the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21, thereby eliminating the need for a refrigerant circuit in traditional solutions and improving the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit 11.

[0200] It should be further clarified that the air inlet direction 'a' of the second compartment 42 refers to the air inlet direction 'a' of the air inlet 401, or simply air inlet direction 'a'. This is the approximate direction in which airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 enters the second compartment 42 through the air inlet 401. The air inlet direction 'a' of the air inlet 401 is approximately parallel to the direction in which the air inlet 401 penetrates the side wall of the second compartment 42. The air outlet direction 'b' of the second compartment 42 refers to the air outlet direction 'b' of the air outlet 402, or simply air outlet direction 'b'. This is the approximate direction in which airflow from the second compartment 42 exits the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the air outlet 402. The air outlet direction 'b' of the air outlet 402 is approximately parallel to the direction in which the air outlet 402 penetrates the side wall of the second compartment 42.

[0201] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 Furthermore, in conjunction with other accompanying drawings, the second compartment 42 is provided with an air inlet 401, and the air inlet direction a of the air inlet 401 is not perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure 21.

[0202] Among them, the large surface of the thermal management structure 21 is the surface with the largest area of ​​the thermal management structure 21.

[0203] The large surface of the thermal management structure 21 can be set towards the air inlet 401, which facilitates the airflow from the air inlet 401 to the thermal management structure 21 and increases the contact area between the airflow and the thermal management structure 21.

[0204] As an example, the thermal management structure 21 can be a plate structure, with the large surface of the thermal management structure 21 being the plate surface. The air inlet direction 'a' of the air inlet 401 is not perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure 21, meaning that the air inlet direction 'a' of the air inlet 401 is not parallel to the thickness direction of the thermal management structure 21.

[0205] The fact that the air inlet 401 is not perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure 21 facilitates airflow within the second compartment 42. This allows airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 to flow through the air inlet 401 into the second compartment 42 and then to the thermal management structure 21, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency between the airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 and the heat exchange medium through the thermal management structure 21. Furthermore, by incorporating a fan 24, the energy consumption of the fan 24 can be reduced.

[0206] In other embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 And in conjunction with other accompanying figures. Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view of the energy storage device 10 provided in some other embodiments of this application, taken from the side. Figure 3 In the image, the arrows indicate the air intake direction a and the air outlet direction b of the second compartment 42. Figure 3 In the diagram, the outlines of the air inlet 401 and the air outlet 402 are both defined by dashed lines. The air inlet direction 'a' of the air inlet 401 is perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure 21.

[0207] For example, the thermal management structure 21 can be a plate structure, and the air inlet 401 has an air inlet direction a parallel to the thickness direction of the thermal management structure 21.

[0208] Therefore, in order to enable efficient airflow within the second chamber 42, structures such as through holes that allow airflow can be provided on the thermal management structure 21.

[0209] With the fan 24 installed on the second compartment 42, the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can be efficiently and continuously supplied into the second compartment 42 through the air inlet 401 under the drive of the fan 24, and can be continuously and efficiently discharged from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the air outlet 402. In this way, even if the air inlet direction a of the air inlet 401 is set to be perpendicular to the plate surface of the thermal management structure 21 facing the air inlet 401, the airflow can still flow efficiently in the second compartment 42.

[0210] In some embodiments, an air outlet 402 is provided on the second compartment 42, and the air outlet 402 is located on the top of the second compartment 42.

[0211] It should be noted that after the airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 enters the second chamber 42 through the air inlet 401, it exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium through the thermal management structure 21. The airflow after exchanging heat with the heat exchange medium will be heated, and the heated airflow will easily flow upward in the second chamber 42. The air outlet 402 is set at the top of the second chamber 42, which facilitates the airflow after exchanging heat with the heat exchange medium to flow to the external environment of the energy storage device 10. This allows the airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 to be continuously replenished into the second chamber 42, so that the heat exchange medium can continuously exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange medium.

[0212] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 And in conjunction with other accompanying drawings. The thermal management structure 21 is located between the air inlet 401 and the air inlet side of the fan 24, and the air outlet side of the fan 24 is arranged facing the air outlet 402.

[0213] The thermal management structure 21 is located between the air inlet 401 and the air inlet side of the fan 24, that is, the air inlet 401, the thermal management structure 21 and the fan 24 are distributed roughly along the air inlet direction a.

[0214] The air outlet side of the fan 24 is set towards the air outlet 402, that is, the fan 24 and the air outlet 402 are roughly distributed along the air outlet direction b.

[0215] A thermal management structure 21 is positioned between the air inlet 401 and the air inlet side of the fan 24, with the air outlet side of the fan 24 facing the air outlet 402, allowing the fan 24 to drive the airflow. Driven by the fan 24, the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can flow through the air inlet 401 into the second chamber 42, and then sequentially through the thermal management structure 21 and the fan 24, before flowing out of the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the air outlet 402. In this way, driven by the fan 24, the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can be continuously supplied to the thermal management structure 21, so that the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 can continuously exchange heat with the airflow flowing to the thermal management structure 21 through the thermal management structure 21. That is, the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 can continuously exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. In this way, by eliminating the refrigerant circuit, the efficiency of heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21 can be improved, thereby improving the thermal management efficiency of the energy storage unit 11.

[0216] In some embodiments, please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 4 And in conjunction with other accompanying figures. Figure 4 A partial cross-sectional view of the energy storage device 10 provided in some embodiments of this application, viewed from the side. Figure 4In the image, the arrows indicate the air intake direction a and the air outlet direction b of the second compartment 42. Figure 4 In the diagram, the outlines of the air inlet 401 and the air outlet 402 are both defined by dashed lines. The second compartment 42 is provided with an air inlet 401, which includes a first air inlet 401a. The second compartment 42 has a first air inlet 401a on at least one side along the first direction X, and an air outlet 402 on one side along the second direction Y. The first direction X and the second direction Y intersect.

[0217] Understandably, at least one air inlet 401 is the first air inlet 401a.

[0218] Understandably, the second compartment 42 has a first air inlet 401a formed through at least one side wall along the first direction X. That is, the direction through which the first air inlet 401a penetrates the side wall is the first direction X. Specifically, the air inlet direction a of the first air inlet 401a is approximately parallel to the first direction X.

[0219] Understandably, the second compartment 42 has an air outlet 402 formed by extending through one side wall along the second direction Y. That is, the direction in which the air outlet 402 extends through the side wall is the second direction Y. Specifically, the air outlet direction b of the air outlet 402 is roughly parallel to the second direction Y.

[0220] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second compartment 42 is provided with a first air inlet 401a on one side along the first direction X; or, as Figure 4 As shown, the second compartment 42 is provided with a first air inlet 401a on both sides opposite to each other along the first direction X.

[0221] The intersection of the first direction X and the second direction Y means that the first direction X and the second direction Y can form an angle greater than 0° and less than 180°, that is, the first direction X and the second direction Y are not parallel. The first direction X and the second direction Y can be perpendicular to each other, or they can be non-perpendicular. The first direction X and the second direction Y can be intersecting directions located on the same plane, or they can be directions on skew planes, and the projection of the second direction Y onto the plane containing the first direction X can intersect the first direction X. As an example, the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular.

[0222] As an example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first compartment 41 and the second compartment 42 are distributed along the second direction Y. That is, the second direction Y is the vertical direction, which is also the height direction of the box 4.

[0223] As an example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first direction X is the horizontal direction. Specifically, the first direction X can be either the length direction of the box 4 or the width direction of the box 4.

[0224] The second compartment 42 has a first air inlet 401a on at least one side along the first direction X, and an air outlet 402 on one side along the second direction Y. The first direction X and the second direction Y intersect, so that the air inlet 401 and the air outlet 402 are respectively located on the side walls of the second compartment 42 in different directions. This facilitates the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 to fully contact the thermal management structure 21 in the second compartment 42, which is beneficial for the heat exchange medium to exchange heat with the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0225] Furthermore, by having air inlets 401 and air outlets 402 respectively installed on the side walls of the second chamber 42 in different directions, the airflow flowing from the air inlets 401 on both sides of the second chamber 42 along the first direction X into the second chamber 42 can converge and flow to the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the air outlets 402.

[0226] In some embodiments, please refer to the following: Figures 2 to 4 Furthermore, in conjunction with other accompanying drawings, the first air inlet 401a and the fan 24 are distributed along the first direction X, and the air outlet 402 and the fan 24 are distributed along the second direction Y.

[0227] Understandably, a thermal management structure 21 can be provided between the first air inlet 401a and the fan 24 in the first direction X.

[0228] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, the air intake direction 'a' of the first air inlet 401a can be perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure 21. Alternatively, as... Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the air inlet direction 'a' of the first air inlet 401a may not be perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure 21.

[0229] In the first direction X, the large surface of the thermal management structure 21 between the first air inlet 401a and the fan 24 is arranged facing the first air inlet 401a.

[0230] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 And in conjunction with other accompanying drawings. The energy storage device 10 also includes a fan 24, which is located in the second compartment 42. The second compartment 42 has a first air inlet 401a on each of its opposite sides along the first direction X, and a thermal management structure 21 is provided on both sides of the fan 24 along the first direction X.

[0231] Understandably, in the first direction X, the fan 24 is positioned between the first air inlets 401a on opposite sides of the second compartment 42, and in the first direction X, a thermal management structure 21 is provided between the first air inlets 401a on each side of the second compartment 42 and the fan 24.

[0232] This configuration allows airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 to enter the second chamber 42 through the first air inlets 401a on opposite sides of the second chamber 42 along the first direction X, and to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium through the thermal management structures 21 on each side. This improves the efficiency of heat exchange between the airflow and the heat exchange medium.

[0233] Furthermore, by positioning the fan 24 between the first air inlets 401a on opposite sides of the second chamber 42 in the first direction X, and by providing a thermal management structure 21 between the first air inlets 401a on each side of the second chamber 42 and the fan 24 in the first direction X, the fan 24 can drive the airflow from the first air inlets 401a on opposite sides of the second chamber 42, thereby facilitating the continuous replenishment of airflow to the corresponding thermal management structure 21, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency between the external environment and the heat exchange medium of the energy storage device 10.

[0234] It should be added that, such as Figure 3 As shown, the air intake direction a of the first air inlet 401a is perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure 21, which can save the space occupied by the thermal management structure 21 in the second compartment 42 along the first direction X.

[0235] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 And in conjunction with other accompanying figures. Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional view from top view of the energy storage device 10 provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 5 In the diagram, the arrow indicates the air intake direction 'a' of the second compartment 42. The air inlet 401 includes a second air inlet 401b. The second compartment 42 has a second air inlet 401b on at least one side along a third direction Z, where the third direction Z intersects with the first direction X and the second direction Y. Figure 5 In the diagram, the outlines of the first air inlet 401a and the second air inlet 401b are both delineated by dashed lines.

[0236] Understandably, at least one air inlet 401 is a second air inlet 401b. The second compartment 42 is provided with a first air inlet 401a on at least one side along the first direction X, and a second air inlet 401b is provided on at least one side along the third direction Z.

[0237] Understandably, the second compartment 42 has a second air inlet 401b formed by penetrating at least one side wall along the third direction Z in the first direction Z. That is, the penetrating direction of the second air inlet 401b through the side wall is the third direction Z. Specifically, the air inlet direction a of the second air inlet 401b is roughly parallel to the third direction Z.

[0238] The meanings of the intersection of the first direction X and the third direction Z, and the intersection of the second direction Y and the third direction Z, are analogous to the meaning of the intersection of the first direction X and the second direction Y, and will not be repeated here. As an example, the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular, the first direction X is perpendicular to the third direction Z, and the second direction Y is perpendicular to the third direction Z.

[0239] As an example, the first direction X is the width direction of the box 4, the third direction Z is the length direction of the box 4, and the second direction Y is the height direction of the box 4.

[0240] This configuration ensures that the second chamber 42 has air inlets 401 on at least one side in two different directions, allowing airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 to flow into the second chamber 42 through the air inlets 401 in different directions and replenish the thermal management structure 21. This ensures that the airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can continuously and fully contact the thermal management structure 21, thereby improving the efficiency of heat exchange between the airflow from the external environment of the energy storage device 10 and the heat exchange medium through the thermal management structure 21.

[0241] It should be noted that the second air inlet 401b and the fan 24 are distributed along the third direction Z.

[0242] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, a thermal management structure 21 can also be provided between the second air inlet 401b and the fan 24 in the third direction Z. Thus, in the first direction X, a thermal management structure 21 is provided on at least one side of the fan 24, and in the third direction Z, a thermal management structure 21 is also provided on at least one side of the fan 24.

[0243] This arrangement increases the number of thermal management structures 21 and allows the thermal management structures 21 to be arranged in different positions on the fan 24. This facilitates the contact area between the thermal management structures 21 and the airflow in the external environment of the energy storage device 10, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency between the heat exchange medium and the external environment of the energy storage device 10.

[0244] In some embodiments, the air inlet direction a of the second air inlet 401b may be perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure 21. Alternatively, the air inlet direction a of the second air inlet 401b may not be perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure 21.

[0245] In particular, on the third direction Z, the large surface of the thermal management structure 21 between the second air inlet 401b and the fan 24 can be set towards the second air inlet 401b.

[0246] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6 And in conjunction with other accompanying figures. Figure 6 This is a topology diagram of an energy storage device 10 provided in some other embodiments of this application. The energy storage device 10 also includes an inverter 3, and a conduit 23 is connected to the inverter 3.

[0247] In some possible designs, such as Figure 6 As shown, the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11 are connected in parallel via pipeline 23.

[0248] In this way, the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101 can flow in parallel to the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11 through the pipeline 23, so that it can exchange heat with the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11 respectively, thereby achieving the cooling effect on the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11 respectively, which can improve the thermal management efficiency of the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11.

[0249] Alternatively, in some other possible designs, the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11 are connected in series via conduit 23.

[0250] In this way, the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101 can pass through the energy storage unit 11 and the inverter 3 in sequence, thereby exchanging heat with the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11 in sequence, so as to achieve the cooling effect on the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11.

[0251] This configuration allows the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 of the energy storage device 10 to flow through the pipeline 23 to the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11, and to exchange heat with the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11 respectively, thereby achieving a cooling effect on the inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11.

[0252] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7 And in conjunction with other accompanying figures. Figure 7 This is a topological schematic diagram of an energy storage device 10 provided in some embodiments of this application. The energy storage device 10 also includes an inverter 3, a thermal management module 2 including a first thermal management module 2a and a second thermal management module 2b, and a thermal management loop 101 including a first thermal management loop 101a and a second thermal management loop 101b. In the first thermal management module 2a, a conduit 23 is connected to the energy storage unit 11 to form the first thermal management loop 101a. In the second thermal management module 2b, a conduit 23 is connected to the inverter 3 to form the second thermal management loop 101b.

[0253] Understandably, multiple thermal management modules 2 are configured, resulting in multiple corresponding thermal management loops 101. At least two thermal management modules 2 are designated as a first thermal management module 2a and a second thermal management module 2b, respectively. The thermal management loop 101 formed in the first thermal management module 2a is the first thermal management loop 101a, and the thermal management loop 101 formed in the second thermal management module 2b is the second thermal management loop 101b.

[0254] Specifically, in the first thermal management module 2a, pipe 23 is connected to the energy storage unit 11 to form a first thermal management loop 101a. In the first thermal management module 2a, the heat exchange medium can flow through pipe 23 to the energy storage unit 11 and exchange heat with it, thereby cooling the energy storage unit 11. The heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the energy storage unit 11 can also flow through pipe 23 to the thermal management structure 21 and exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10, further cooling the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 can then flow back to the energy storage unit 11 through pipe 23 to cool the energy storage unit 11 again. Thus, the heat exchange medium in the first thermal management loop 101a can continuously cool the energy storage unit 11.

[0255] Specifically, in the second thermal management module 2b, pipe 23 is connected to inverter 3 to form the second thermal management loop 101b. In the second thermal management module 2b, the heat exchange medium can flow through pipe 23 to inverter 3 and exchange heat with inverter 3, thereby cooling inverter 3. The heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with inverter 3 can also flow through pipe 23 to thermal management structure 21, and exchange heat with the external environment of energy storage device 10 through thermal management structure 21, thereby cooling the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the external environment of energy storage device 10 can again flow through pipe 23 to inverter 3 to cool inverter 3 again. In this way, the heat exchange medium in the second thermal management loop 101b can continuously cool inverter 3.

[0256] This configuration allows for the installation of multiple thermal management modules 2 within the energy storage device 10. The inverter 3 and the energy storage unit 11 can be cooled separately through different thermal management modules 2, which helps to improve the thermal management effect of the energy storage unit 11 and the inverter 3.

[0257] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the energy storage device 10 also includes a fan 24, which is disposed between the thermal management structure 21 of the first thermal management module 2a and the thermal management structure 21 of the second thermal management module 2b.

[0258] This configuration allows the fan 24 to drive airflow, enabling the airflow to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium through the heat management structure 21 of the first thermal management module 2a, and also through the heat management structure 21 of the second thermal management module 2b. This allows the first thermal management module 2a and the second thermal management module 2b to share the fan 24.

[0259] In some embodiments, please refer to the following: Figure 6 and Figure 7 Furthermore, in conjunction with other accompanying drawings, it is shown that multiple sets of inverters 3 are configured, and these multiple sets of inverters 3 are connected in parallel via conduit 23.

[0260] A group of inverters 3 may include at least one inverter 3. When a group of inverters 3 includes multiple inverters 3, the multiple inverters 3 in each group can be connected in parallel or in series via pipes 23. As an example, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a set of inverters 3 includes one inverter 3.

[0261] This configuration allows the heat exchange medium in the thermal management loop 101 to flow in parallel to multiple inverters 3, thereby enabling heat exchange with each inverter 3 separately and achieving cooling effects on each inverter 3. This improves the thermal management efficiency of the inverters 3.

[0262] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 8 And in conjunction with other accompanying figures. Figure 8 This is a topological schematic diagram of the energy storage device 10 provided in some embodiments of this application. The delivery assembly 22 includes one or more delivery pumps 221. When the delivery assembly 22 includes multiple delivery pumps 221, the multiple delivery pumps 221 are connected in parallel through pipelines 23.

[0263] The transfer pump 221 may be, but is not limited to, a water pump, and has the capability to pump the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101. Understandably, the transfer pump 221 can pump the heat exchange medium so that the heat exchange medium can circulate in the thermal management circuit 101.

[0264] By connecting multiple delivery pumps 221 in parallel via pipeline 23, the pumps 221 can be used alternately. This way, if one delivery pump 221 fails, another can be used, thereby improving the reliability of the thermal management circuit 101, extending its service life, and avoiding the need to scrap the entire thermal management circuit 101 when a delivery pump 221 fails, thus extending the service life of the energy storage device 10.

[0265] As an example, such as Figure 8As shown, there are two delivery pumps 221.

[0266] In some embodiments, the thermal management circuit 101 includes at least one of a water-based coolant circuit, an oil-based coolant circuit, and a nanofluid coolant circuit.

[0267] A water-based coolant circuit refers to a circuit where the heat exchange medium is a water-based coolant; an oil-based coolant circuit refers to a circuit where the heat exchange medium is an oil-based coolant; and a nanofluid coolant circuit refers to a circuit where the heat exchange matrix is ​​a nanofluid coolant. Understandably, the heat exchange medium includes at least one of water-based coolant, oil-based coolant, and nanofluid coolant.

[0268] When the thermal management circuit 101 includes one of the following: a water-based coolant circuit, an oil-based coolant circuit, or a nanofluid coolant circuit, the heat exchange medium can be a water-based coolant, such as pure water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, or propylene glycol aqueous solution. The heat exchange medium can also be an oil-based coolant, such as mineral oil, silicone oil, or synthetic oil. The heat exchange medium can also be a nanofluid coolant, specifically, by adding nanoparticles (such as alumina, copper oxide, or graphene) to water or oil.

[0269] When the thermal management circuit 101 includes multiple types such as water-based coolant circuit, oil-based coolant circuit, and nanofluid coolant circuit, the number of thermal management circuits 101 is multiple, and the types of multiple thermal management circuits 101 can be set to be different. Alternatively, the same thermal management circuit 101 may include multiple heat exchange media, and the multiple heat exchange media can be mixed.

[0270] This configuration allows for great flexibility in the selection of coolant and thermal management circuit 101.

[0271] In some embodiments, the thermal management circuit 101 includes a propylene glycol coolant circuit.

[0272] A propylene glycol coolant circuit refers to a circuit where the heat exchange medium is propylene glycol coolant.

[0273] This configuration ensures that the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101 is propylene glycol coolant, which is less prone to deterioration. This helps extend the service life of the thermal management circuit 101, and thus the service life of the energy storage device 10.

[0274] In some embodiments, please refer to the following: Figure 1 , Figures 6 to 8 And in conjunction with other accompanying drawings. The energy storage device 10 also includes a heating device 25, which is disposed on the pipeline 23.

[0275] Heating device 25 refers to a component with heating performance.

[0276] This configuration allows the heating device 25 to heat the heat exchange medium in the thermal management circuit 101, thereby enabling the heat exchange medium to heat the energy storage unit 11. As a result, the energy storage device 10 can not only cool down the energy storage unit 11, but also heat up the energy storage unit 11, thus achieving an adaptive thermal management effect for the energy storage unit 11.

[0277] It should be noted that the thermal management structure 21, fan 24, transfer pump 221, heating device 25 and other devices can constitute the above-mentioned liquid cooling unit.

[0278] The energy storage system provided in this application embodiment includes an energy storage device 10. The energy storage device 10 in this embodiment is the same as the energy storage device 10 in the above embodiments; please refer to the relevant descriptions of the energy storage device 10 in the above embodiments for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0279] The energy storage system provided in this application, by adopting the energy storage device 10 involved in the above embodiments, can eliminate the refrigerant circuit in the traditional solution, which helps to reduce the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage unit 11 in the thermal management process, thereby reducing the auxiliary power consumption of the energy storage system in the thermal management process and improving the economic efficiency of the energy storage system.

[0280] As one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage device 10 includes an energy storage unit 11, a thermal management module 2, and a fan 24. The energy storage unit 11 includes a high-temperature battery cell. The thermal management module 2 includes a thermal management structure 21, a delivery component 22, and a pipeline 23. The thermal management structure 21 and the delivery component 22 are both mounted on the pipeline 23. The pipeline 23 is connected to the energy storage unit 11 to form a thermal management loop 101. The thermal management loop 101 is a unidirectional loop including the thermal management structure 21, the delivery component 22, and the energy storage unit 11. The thermal management loop 101 is used to circulate the heat exchange medium, and the delivery component 22 is used to circulate and deliver the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium is used to exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cell, and the heat exchange medium is used to exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device 10 through the thermal management structure 21. The fan 24 is used to dissipate heat from the thermal management structure 21. The operating temperature of the high-temperature battery cell after heat exchange with the heat exchange medium is T1, the temperature of the heat exchange medium after heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cell is T2, the temperature of the heat exchange medium before heat exchange with the high-temperature battery cell is T3, and the temperature of the external environment of the energy storage device 10 is T4. T1 > T3, and T2 > T4.

[0281] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that, include: An energy storage unit, the energy storage unit comprising a high-temperature battery cell; The thermal management module includes a thermal management structure, a delivery component, and piping. The pipeline is connected to the energy storage unit to form a thermal management loop for circulating the heat exchange medium. The thermal management loop is a single-loop loop including the thermal management structure, the delivery component, and the energy storage unit. The thermal management structure and the delivery component are both located on the pipeline. The delivery component is used to circulate and deliver the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium is used to exchange heat with the high-temperature battery cells and to exchange heat with the external environment of the energy storage device through the thermal management structure.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management circuit is a coolant circuit.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating temperature of the high-temperature battery cell after heat exchange with the heat exchange medium is T1, where T1 ∈ [30℃, 60℃].

4. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The high-temperature battery cell includes at least one of lithium iron phosphate battery, sodium-ion battery, lithium-ion battery, and sodium-lithium-ion battery.

5. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The temperature of the heat exchange medium after exchanging heat with the high-temperature battery cell is T2, and the temperature of the external environment of the energy storage device is T3, where T2 > T3.

6. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The energy storage device includes multiple energy storage units, which are arranged in an array and connected in parallel through the pipeline.

7. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The thermal management structure includes a microchannel heat exchanger.

8. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The outer surface of the thermal management structure is provided with multiple spaced heat dissipation fins.

9. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The energy storage device also includes a fan for dissipating heat from the thermal management structure.

10. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The energy storage device also includes a housing, which includes a first compartment and a second compartment. The energy storage unit is located in the first compartment, and the thermal management structure is located in the second compartment. The second compartment is located above or to the side of the first compartment.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second compartment is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet direction is not perpendicular to the large surface of the thermal management structure.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second compartment is provided with an air outlet, which is located at the top of the second compartment.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second compartment is provided with an air inlet, which includes a first air inlet. The second compartment is provided with the first air inlet on at least one side along a first direction, and the second compartment is provided with an air outlet on one side along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction intersect.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The energy storage device further includes a fan, which is located in the second compartment; the second compartment is provided with the first air inlet on both sides of the first direction, and the thermal management structure is provided on both sides of the fan in the first direction.

15. The energy storage device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The air inlet includes a second air inlet, and the second compartment is provided with the second air inlet on at least one side along a third direction, the third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction respectively.

16. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The energy storage device further includes an inverter, and the pipeline is connected to the inverter; the inverter and the energy storage unit are connected in parallel through the pipeline, or the inverter and the energy storage unit are connected in series through the pipeline.

17. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The energy storage device also includes an inverter, the thermal management module includes a first thermal management module and a second thermal management module, and the thermal management loop includes a first thermal management loop and a second thermal management loop. In the first thermal management module, the pipeline is connected to the energy storage unit to form the first thermal management loop; In the second thermal management module, the pipeline is connected to the inverter to form the second thermal management loop.

18. The energy storage device according to claim 17, characterized in that, The energy storage device further includes a fan, which is disposed between the thermal management structure of the first thermal management module and the thermal management structure of the second thermal management module.

19. The energy storage device according to claim 16, characterized in that, The inverters are configured in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of inverters are connected in parallel through the pipeline.

20. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The conveying assembly includes one or more conveying pumps. When the conveying assembly includes multiple conveying pumps, the multiple conveying pumps are connected in parallel through the pipeline.

21. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The thermal management circuit includes at least one of a water-based coolant circuit, an oil-based coolant circuit, and a nanofluid coolant circuit.

22. The energy storage device according to claim 21, characterized in that, The thermal management circuit includes a propylene glycol coolant circuit.

23. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The energy storage device also includes a heating device, which is installed on the pipeline.

24. An energy storage system, characterized in that, Includes the energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-23.

Images