Agricultural soil preparation, impurity removal and land leveling mechanism

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of soil preparation and impurity removal equipment, and particularly relates to an agricultural soil preparation, impurity removal and land leveling mechanism. A mounting structure connected with a tractor is arranged at the front end of the rack; the impurity removal device is transversely arranged at the bottom of the rack and comprises steel plate long thorns arranged at intervals, and conical barbs are arranged on the surfaces of the steel plate long thorns; the land leveling assembly is arranged behind the impurity removal device and comprises an elastic device and a compaction roller, and the elastic device drives the compaction roller to press downwards; and the counterweight mounting system is arranged at the rear part of the rack and comprises a plurality of detachable counterweight blocks. The operation efficiency of the whole machine reaches 3-5 km / h, energy is saved by 25% compared with that of step-by-step operation, and the machine is suitable for 30-degree sloping fields, clay, sandy soil and other soil and has multiple functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of soil preparation and weed removal equipment, specifically an agricultural soil preparation, weed removal and leveling mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] In modern agricultural production, soil preparation is a crucial pretreatment step before crop planting, and its quality directly affects soil aeration, water retention capacity, and crop root development. Traditional land preparation methods mainly rely on manual labor or single-function machinery (such as rotary tillers and spiked harrows), which have the following significant drawbacks:

[0003] Low operational efficiency: Manual weeding and leveling are time-consuming and labor-intensive, while existing machinery often requires completing the processes of breaking up soil, weeding, and compacting in steps, which leads to a longer operation cycle and makes it difficult to meet the needs of efficient management of large areas of farmland;

[0004] Functional limitations: Mainstream equipment on the market has limited functions. For example, rotary tillers can only break up soil clods but cannot effectively remove deep grass roots, and spiked harrows are difficult to compact the soil simultaneously. Multiple machines working together can easily cause secondary damage to the soil structure.

[0005] Poor terrain adaptability: Traditional machinery lacks dynamic leveling and pressure self-adaptation mechanisms, which can easily lead to compaction depth fluctuations (deviations of more than ±3cm) and machine offset problems on slopes or in areas with uneven soil hardness, affecting the uniformity of land preparation;

[0006] Soil ecological damage: Repeated mechanical compaction and rigid operating parts can exacerbate soil compaction, damage microbial activity, and lead to a decline in soil fertility in the long term.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an intelligent land preparation mechanism that integrates efficient weed removal, precise land leveling, and soil protection. This mechanism will improve operational efficiency while addressing issues such as functional fragmentation, insufficient adjustment capabilities, and soil ecological damage associated with existing equipment, thus meeting the core needs of modern agriculture for precise and sustainable production. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This utility model solves the above problems by providing an agricultural soil leveling, weed removal, and land preparation mechanism.

[0009] This utility model adopts the following technical solution: an agricultural soil leveling and weed removal mechanism, comprising:

[0010] The frame has a mounting structure at the front for connection with the tractor.

[0011] The impurity removal device is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the frame and includes long steel plate spikes arranged at intervals, the surface of which is provided with conical barbs;

[0012] The leveling component, located behind the impurity removal device, includes an elastic device and a compaction roller, wherein the elastic device drives the compaction roller to press downwards;

[0013] The counterweight mounting system, located at the rear of the frame, includes multiple detachable counterweights.

[0014] In some embodiments, the rack includes:

[0015] A connecting beam, on which multiple steel plate spikes are arranged side by side; and multiple counterweights;

[0016] The longitudinal beams are provided in two sets, with the rear ends of the two sets of longitudinal beams symmetrically fixed to the connecting crossbeams.

[0017] In some embodiments, a connecting beam is welded and fixed between the two sets of longitudinal beams; a diagonal bracing beam is connected between the outer side of each set of longitudinal beams and the connecting crossbeam.

[0018] In some embodiments, the mounting structure includes a traction arm and a locking device. One end of the traction arm is fixed to the frame, and the other end is fixed to the locking device. Limiting beams are connected between the two sides of the traction arm and the longitudinal beams, respectively.

[0019] In some embodiments, the mounting structure further includes an adaptive balancing module, comprising:

[0020] The tilt sensor is installed at the connection between the traction arm and the frame to detect the lateral tilt angle of the frame in real time.

[0021] An electric push rod is vertically fixed between the traction arm and the limiting beam, and the end of the push rod is equipped with a spherical hinge joint.

[0022] The control unit receives the tilt sensor signal and drives the electric push rod to extend and retract, so that the frame dynamically remains level during travel.

[0023] In some embodiments, elastic stabilizing devices are provided on both sides of the frame, the elastic stabilizing devices including:

[0024] Sleeve, with a built-in buffer spring;

[0025] A telescopic hydraulic cylinder, which is slidably installed inside a sleeve and fixedly connected to a buffer spring;

[0026] A rubber wheel is mounted on the lower end of a telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

[0027] In some embodiments, the compaction roller is a hollow steel roller with axially arranged protrusions welded to its surface. The height of the protrusions is 3-8 cm and the spacing is 10-20 cm.

[0028] In some embodiments, the compaction rollers are mounted at both ends on the lower end of the tail connecting beam, and the upper end of the tail connecting beam is hinged to the frame; the elastic device is a hydraulic / pneumatic shock absorber, with one end connected to the middle of the tail beam and the other end connected to the tail horizontal beam; the tail horizontal beam is horizontally fixed at both ends of the tail of the frame.

[0029] In some embodiments, the counterweight mounting system further includes:

[0030] The slide rail is horizontally fixed to the rear of the frame and has scale markings on its surface;

[0031] The sliding base is slidably connected to the slide rail and its position is fixed by locking bolts;

[0032] The modular counterweight compartment is fixed on a sliding base and has multiple vertical slots inside. The detachable counterweight is a cuboid metal block with guide strips on both sides that match the slots.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] Intelligent leveling: The adaptive balancing module adjusts the level of the frame in real time, and the elastic stabilizing device reduces lateral displacement and improves the flatness of slope operations;

[0035] Quick Adaptation: The slide rail counterweight system supports high-precision center of gravity adjustment, reducing maintenance costs;

[0036] Precise compaction: Hydraulic damping rollers adapt to terrain undulations, reduce soil porosity, and form drainage ditches to improve seedling emergence rate.

[0037] Overall advantages: The machine's overall operating efficiency reaches 3-5 km / h, saving 25% more energy than step-by-step operation. It is suitable for 30° slopes and various soils such as clay and sand, achieving multiple functions in one machine. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of this utility model;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the compaction roller;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the counterweight mounting system;

[0042] Figure 5 Here is a structural diagram of the counterweight;

[0043] Figure 6 A structural diagram showing the addition of an adaptive balancing module to this utility model;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive balancing module. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this utility model, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, an agricultural soil preparation, weed removal, and leveling mechanism includes:

[0047] The frame 1 has a mounting structure 2 at the front end for connection with the tractor;

[0048] The impurity removal device 3 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the frame 1, and includes steel plate long barbs 31 arranged at intervals, the surface of which is provided with conical barbs 311;

[0049] The leveling component 4 is located behind the impurity removal device 3 and includes an elastic device 41 and a compaction roller 42. The elastic device 41 drives the compaction roller 42 to press downward.

[0050] The counterweight mounting system 5 is located at the rear of the frame 1 and includes multiple detachable counterweight blocks 51.

[0051] Specifically, through the coordinated layout of the mounting structure, weed removal device, leveling components and counterweight system, an integrated operation of soil preparation, weed root removal and surface compaction is achieved.

[0052] Rack 1 includes:

[0053] A connecting beam 12, on which multiple steel plate spikes 31 are arranged side by side; and multiple counterweights 51;

[0054] The longitudinal beam 13 is provided in two sets, and the rear ends of the two sets of longitudinal beams 13 are symmetrically fixed on the connecting crossbeam 12.

[0055] Specifically, the frame structure with longitudinal beams and connecting crossbeams is adopted, which enables the overall bending strength of the frame to reach more than 350MPa. At the same time, the modular counterweight design supports the rapid addition and removal of counterweights to adapt to different operating requirements in clay and sandy soils.

[0056] A connecting beam 11 is welded and fixed between the two sets of longitudinal beams 13; a diagonal bracing beam 14 is connected between the outer side of each set of longitudinal beams 13 and the connecting crossbeam 12.

[0057] Specifically, the triangular support structure formed by the connecting beam and the diagonal brace enhances the lateral torque bearing capacity of the frame when operating on a 30° slope.

[0058] The mounting structure 2 includes a traction arm 21 and a locking device 22. One end of the traction arm 21 is fixed to the frame 1, and the other end is fixed to the locking device 22. Limiting beams 23 are connected between the two sides of the traction arm 21 and the longitudinal beam 13.

[0059] Specifically, the combined mounting structure of the traction arm and the limiting beam locks the radial degree of freedom at the tractor connection end, effectively preventing the frame from swaying during operation and reducing the risk of disengagement.

[0060] like Figure 6 , 7 As shown, the mounting structure 2 also includes an adaptive balancing module, comprising:

[0061] The tilt sensor 241 is installed at the connection between the traction arm 21 and the frame 1 to detect the lateral tilt angle of the frame 1 in real time.

[0062] Electric push rod 242 is vertically fixed between traction arm 21 and limiting beam 23, and the end of the push rod is provided with ball joint 243;

[0063] The control unit 244 receives the signal from the tilt sensor 241 and drives the electric push rod 242 to extend and retract, so that the frame 1 dynamically maintains a horizontal position during movement.

[0064] Specifically, through closed-loop control of tilt sensors and electric push rods, the level deviation of the frame is made more stable when operating on slopes, reducing the problem of uneven soil compaction caused by tilting.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, elastic stabilizing devices 6 are provided on both sides of the frame 1. The elastic stabilizing devices 6 include:

[0066] Sleeve 61, with a built-in buffer spring 62;

[0067] Telescopic cylinder 62, which is slidably installed in sleeve 61 and fixedly connected to buffer spring 62;

[0068] A rubber wheel 63 is installed at the lower end of the telescopic cylinder 62.

[0069] Specifically, the combination of the buffer spring and rubber wheel in the elastic stabilizing device can absorb more than 75% of the operating vibration, prevent the lateral displacement of the frame from exceeding 5cm, and ensure the leveling accuracy of the loose soil.

[0070] like Figure 3As shown, the compaction roller 42 is a hollow steel roller with axially arranged protruding ribs 421 welded on its surface. The height of the protruding ribs is 3-8cm and the spacing is 10-20cm.

[0071] Specifically, the axial convex ridge design of the hollow steel roller reduces soil porosity and forms drainage ditches to prevent water accumulation.

[0072] The compaction roller 42 is installed at both ends on the lower end of the tail connecting beam 43, and the upper end of the tail connecting beam 43 is hinged to the frame 1; the elastic device 41 is a hydraulic / pneumatic shock absorber, one end of the elastic device 41 is connected to the middle of the tail beam 43, and the other end is connected to the tail horizontal beam 44; the tail horizontal beam 44 is horizontally fixed at both ends of the tail of the frame 1.

[0073] Specifically, the hinged structure of the hydraulic / pneumatic shock absorber and the tail connecting beam enables the compaction roller to adapt to ground undulations with a height difference of 10cm with a stroke of ±15cm, resulting in higher compaction uniformity.

[0074] The 421 protruding rib is a detachable structure.

[0075] The counterweight mounting system 5 also includes:

[0076] The slide rail 52 is horizontally fixed to the rear of the frame 1 and has scale markings on its surface;

[0077] The sliding base 53 is slidably connected to the slide rail 52 and its position is fixed by the locking bolt 54;

[0078] The modular counterweight compartment 55 is fixed on the sliding base 53 and has multiple longitudinal slots 551 inside. The detachable counterweight block 51 is a cuboid metal block with guide protrusions 511 on both sides that match the slots 551.

[0079] Example 1: Overall Structure and Operation Process

[0080] The agricultural soil leveling and weed removal mechanism includes a frame 1, a mounting structure 2, a weed removal device 3, a leveling component 4, and a counterweight mounting system 5.

[0081] Frame 1: It is a rectangular frame welded together by two sets of longitudinal beams 13 and connecting beams 11. The rear end of the longitudinal beams 13 and the connecting crossbeams 12 are reinforced by diagonal bracing beams 14. The angle between the diagonal bracing beams 14 and the longitudinal beams is 45°±5°. The entire frame is made of Q345B steel with a yield strength ≥345MPa.

[0082] Mounting Structure 2: The draw arm 21 is a square steel tube, with its front end connected to the tractor's three-point suspension mechanism via a locking device 22. The limiting beam 23 is a Φ50mm round steel bar, welded and fixed to the longitudinal beam 13. The tilt sensor 241 of the adaptive balance module 24 is a SICK DFS60, and the control unit 244 drives the electric push rod 242 to adjust the frame level according to the tilt signal.

[0083] Impurity removal device 3: Steel plate long barbs 31 are 600mm long and arranged at 200mm intervals below the connecting crossbeam 12. The conical barbs 311 are 15mm high, 8mm in root diameter, and 60° at the tip angle.

[0084] Leveling component 4: Compactor roller 42 is a Φ300mm hollow steel roller with a wall thickness of 12mm, and the surface protrusions 421 are 5cm high and spaced 15cm apart.

[0085] The elastic device 41 uses a hydraulic shock absorber with a working pressure of 10MPa, which drives the compaction roller 42 to generate a linear pressure of 150N / cm.

[0086] Counterweight mounting system 5: The slide rail 52 is made of C-shaped channel steel with a specification of 80×40mm and a surface laser etching accuracy of ±1mm. The modular counterweight bin 55 has 8 longitudinal slots 551. The counterweight block 51 is a 20kg cast iron block. The gap between the guide convex strip 511 and the slot is ≤0.5mm. The center of gravity position is adjusted by sliding base 53 with an adjustment range of ±300mm.

[0087] Work process:

[0088] When the tractor traction mechanism moves forward, the long barbs 31 of the steel plate penetrate the soil at a 45° angle to a depth of 80-120mm, and the conical barbs 311 hook the roots of weeds; then the compaction roller 42, under the action of the hydraulic shock absorber, adapts to the undulations of the terrain to compact the surface, and the rubber wheel 63 of the elastic stabilizing device 6 applies 50N lateral pressure to prevent the frame from shifting; the counterweight 51 is adjusted to the middle or rear of the slide rail 52 according to the soil hardness, and the working speed is 3-5km / h.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. An agricultural soil preparation, weed removal, and leveling mechanism, characterized in that, include: The frame (1) has a mounting structure (2) at the front end that connects to the tractor. The impurity removal device (3) is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the frame (1) and includes steel plate long barbs (31) arranged at intervals. The surface of the steel plate long barbs (31) is provided with conical barbs (311). The leveling component (4) is located behind the impurity removal device (3) and includes an elastic device (41) and a compaction roller (42). The elastic device (41) drives the compaction roller (42) to press downward. The counterweight mounting system (5) is located at the rear of the frame (1) and includes multiple detachable counterweights (51).

2. The agricultural soil preparation, weed removal, and leveling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rack (1) includes: A connecting beam (12) is provided with a plurality of steel plate spikes (31) arranged side by side on the connecting beam (12); and a plurality of counterweights (51); The longitudinal beam (13) is provided in two sets, and the rear ends of the two sets of longitudinal beams (13) are symmetrically fixed on the connecting crossbeam (12).

3. The agricultural soil preparation, weed removal, and leveling mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connecting beam (11) is welded and fixed between the two sets of longitudinal beams (13); a diagonal bracing beam (14) is connected between the outer side of each set of longitudinal beams (13) and the connecting crossbeam (12).

4. The agricultural soil preparation, weed removal, and leveling mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting structure (2) includes a traction arm (21) and a locking device (22). One end of the traction arm (21) is fixed on the frame (1), and the other end is fixed with the locking device (22). The two sides of the traction arm (21) are respectively connected to the longitudinal beam (13) with limiting beams (23).

5. The agricultural soil preparation, weeding, and leveling mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mounting structure (2) also includes an adaptive balancing module, comprising: An inclination sensor (241) is installed at the connection between the traction arm (21) and the frame (1) to detect the lateral tilt angle of the frame (1) in real time. An electric push rod (242) is vertically fixed between the traction arm (21) and the limiting beam (23), and the end of the push rod is provided with a spherical hinge joint; The control unit (243) receives the signal from the tilt sensor (241) and drives the electric push rod (242) to extend and retract, so that the frame (1) dynamically maintains a horizontal position during travel.

6. The agricultural soil preparation, weed removal, and leveling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (1) is provided with elastic stabilizing devices (6) on both sides, and the elastic stabilizing devices (6) include: Sleeve (61), sleeve (61) has a built-in buffer spring (64); Telescopic cylinder (62), which is slidably installed in sleeve (61) and fixedly connected to buffer spring (64); A rubber wheel (63) is installed at the lower end of a telescopic cylinder (62).

7. The agricultural soil preparation, weed removal, and leveling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compaction roller (42) is a hollow steel roller with axially arranged protrusions (421) welded on its surface. The height of the protrusions is 3-8cm and the spacing is 10-20cm.

8. The agricultural soil preparation, weed removal, and leveling mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The compaction roller (42) is installed at both ends on the lower end of the tail connecting beam (43), and the upper end of the tail connecting beam (43) is hinged to the frame (1); the elastic device (41) is a hydraulic / pneumatic shock absorber, one end of the elastic device (41) is connected to the middle of the tail beam (43), and the other end is connected to the tail horizontal beam (44); the tail horizontal beam (44) is horizontally fixed at both ends of the tail of the frame (1).

9. The agricultural soil preparation, weeding, and leveling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight mounting system (5) also includes: The slide rail (52) is horizontally fixed at the rear of the frame (1) and has scale markings on its surface; The sliding base (53) is slidably connected to the slide rail (52) and its position is fixed by the locking bolt (54); The modular counterweight compartment (55) is fixed on the sliding base (53) and has multiple longitudinal slots (551) inside. The detachable counterweight block (51) is a cuboid metal block with guide protrusions (511) on both sides that match the slots (551).

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