Rigidity-adjustable composite air spring

Abstract

The utility model relates to a rigidity-adjustable composite air spring, which belongs to the technical field of air springs, and comprises a sealing ring, a sealing bearing, an anti-collision rubber pad, an upper electrified coil, a support piston rod, a cylinder barrel, an annular permanent magnet, a locking nut, a lower electrified coil and a membrane type air spring, and the annular permanent magnet is mounted at the support piston rod through the locking nut. According to the air spring, the characteristic that the rigidity of the electromagnetic spring can be changed to be positive and negative is utilized, so that the total rigidity of the air spring which is connected in parallel is reduced to be nearly zero under low frequency and small displacement, the effect of filtering low frequency vibration is achieved, the total rigidity is further improved under large displacement, the effect of improving the bearing capacity is achieved, and the service life of the air spring is prolonged. And compared with an existing electromagnetic composite air spring, the movable magnet does not penetrate through the interior of the static magnet, it is guaranteed that the size of the movable magnet can be as large as possible, and therefore the rigidity of the electromagnetic spring has a larger adjusting range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of air spring technology, and in particular to a composite air spring with adjustable stiffness. Background Technology

[0002] As the main component for vehicle vibration reduction, the suspension plays a decisive role in the vehicle's ride comfort, handling, and load-bearing capacity. If it is too "stiff," it cannot isolate excessively unfavorable vibrations, while if it is too "soft," it will reduce the vehicle's handling and load-bearing capacity.

[0003] A search revealed a Chinese patent with publication number CN202322691920.X that discloses a composite air spring. This spring allows for the installation of a shock absorber via an upper and lower mounting assembly. The tightness of the shock absorber, determined by the upper and lower mounting assemblies, enables the adjustment of the air spring height in the vehicle seat during use. This device comprehensively addresses the issues of adjustable height and stiffness of commercial vehicle seat air springs, as well as the limitation of installation space, thus meeting the driver's requirements for both handling and comfort.

[0004] The aforementioned technical solution has the following drawbacks: While such a composite air spring allows for height adjustment of the shock absorber via upper and lower mounting components, in actual use, both components are located inside the air spring. Adjusting the stiffness requires disassembling and reassembling the air spring, making the adjustment process inconvenient. Furthermore, the stiffness of traditional air springs is approximately constant, and low-frequency vibrations of 4-12.5Hz are highly harmful to the human body. Moreover, the transportation of precision instruments requires extremely high smoothness, necessitating good isolation of low-frequency, small-amplitude vibrations in the automotive suspension. Simultaneously, the suspension needs to have significant load-bearing capacity, requiring it to be sufficiently "soft." The air spring with a fixed stiffness cannot simultaneously meet the above two requirements. Therefore, a stiffness-adjustable composite air spring is proposed. By utilizing the characteristic of electromagnetic springs that their stiffness can be changed to "positive" or "negative", the total stiffness of the parallel air springs becomes almost zero under low-frequency and small displacement conditions, thereby achieving the effect of "filtering" low-frequency vibrations. Under large displacement conditions, the total stiffness is further improved, thereby improving its load-bearing capacity. Moreover, compared with existing electromagnetic composite air springs, the moving magnet in this application does not pass through the interior of the stationary magnet, ensuring that its size can be maximized, thus allowing for a larger adjustment range of the electromagnetic spring stiffness.

[0005] In view of this, this work improves and solves the above problems. Through dedicated research and application of theoretical principles, a technical solution with a reasonable design that can effectively improve the above defects has finally been proposed.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this utility model and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0007] This invention provides a stiffness-adjustable composite air spring, solving the problems mentioned in the background. Utilizing the characteristic of electromagnetic springs that their stiffness can be changed to "positive" or "negative," the parallel air springs achieve a near-zero overall stiffness under low-frequency, small-displacement conditions, thus filtering low-frequency vibrations. Under large displacement conditions, the overall stiffness is further increased, thereby improving its load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the moving magnet does not penetrate the interior of the stationary magnet, ensuring its size can be maximized, thus allowing for a wider range of stiffness adjustment for the electromagnetic spring.

[0008] The present invention provides the following solution to the above-mentioned technical problems: A stiffness-adjustable composite air spring, comprising a sealing ring, a sealing bearing, an anti-collision rubber pad, an upper energized coil, a supporting piston rod, a cylinder, an annular permanent magnet, a locking nut, a lower energized coil, and a diaphragm air spring. The annular permanent magnet is installed at the supporting piston rod via the locking nut. The upper and lower energized coils are installed on the inner wall of the cylinder. The anti-collision rubber pad is installed at the cylinder. The supporting piston rod is equipped with a sealing bearing. The sealing ring is installed at the sealing bearing. The diaphragm air spring is fixedly connected to the cylinder.

[0009] The diaphragm air spring includes an upper end cover, a lower end cover, and a rubber air bladder.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0011] Furthermore, the sealed bearing is connected to the upper end cover of the diaphragm air spring, and the connection between the sealed bearing and the supporting piston rod is sealed by a sealing ring. The sealing ring can ensure the airtightness of the diaphragm air spring, and the sealed bearing can guide and support the axial movement of the piston rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the cylinder is installed at the lower end cap of the diaphragm air spring, and the connection is sealed.

[0013] Furthermore, the annular permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron.

[0014] Furthermore, the locking nut is an all-metal hexagonal locking nut, and the supporting piston rod has a connecting thread corresponding to the locking nut.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the upper and lower energized coils is smaller than that of the annular permanent magnet. The upper and lower energized coils operate at a voltage of 48V, have 6000 turns, a coil height of 50mm, a diameter of 0.20mm, and are made of QZ polyester enameled round copper wire, ensuring that the annular permanent magnet does not pass through the upper and lower energized coils.

[0016] Furthermore, the anti-collision rubber pad is made of silicone rubber with an inner diameter of 22mm and a thickness of 10mm.

[0017] Furthermore, the sealing ring is a Y-type sealing ring with specifications of 20×30×5 and made of fluororubber, and the sealing bearing is a radial sliding bearing with specifications of 20×30×30 and made of tin bronze.

[0018] This utility model provides a stiffness-adjustable composite air spring, which has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. By utilizing the characteristic of electromagnetic springs that their stiffness can be changed to "positive" or "negative", the total stiffness of the parallel air springs becomes almost zero under low frequency and small displacement, thereby achieving the effect of "filtering" low frequency vibration. Under large displacement, the total stiffness is further improved, thereby improving its load-bearing capacity. Moreover, compared with the existing electromagnetic composite air springs, the moving magnet in this application does not pass through the interior of the stationary magnet, ensuring that its size can be maximized, thus allowing for a larger adjustment range of the electromagnetic spring stiffness.

[0020] 2. The annular permanent magnet does not pass through the through hole in the middle of the energized coil. This allows the size of the annular permanent magnet and the energized coil to be as large as possible, given the limited internal space of the air spring. This is beneficial for the arrangement of the electromagnetic spring assembly and can provide a sufficient range of variation for the stiffness of the electromagnetic spring, thereby better realizing the "high static and low dynamic" characteristics of the suspension.

[0021] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of this utility model. In order to better understand the technical means of this utility model and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation methods of this utility model are given in detail in the following embodiments and their accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description thereof, serve to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a stiffness-adjustable composite air spring provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0025] 1. Sealing ring; 2. Sealed bearing; 3. Anti-collision rubber pad; 4. Upper energized coil; 5. Supporting piston rod; 6. Cylinder; 7. Ring permanent magnet; 8. Locking nut; 9. Lower energized coil; 10. Diaphragm air spring. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 The principles and features of this utility model are described below. The examples given are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. The utility model is described more specifically in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of this utility model will become clearer from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of this utility model.

[0027] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or may have a component in between. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a stiffness-adjustable composite air spring includes a sealing ring 1, a sealing bearing 2, an anti-collision rubber pad 3, an upper energized coil 4, a supporting piston rod 5, a cylinder 6, an annular permanent magnet 7, a locking nut 8, a lower energized coil 9, and a diaphragm air spring 10. The annular permanent magnet 7 is installed at the supporting piston rod 5 through the locking nut 8. The upper energized coil 4 and the lower energized coil 9 are installed on the inner wall of the cylinder 6. The anti-collision rubber pad 3 is installed at the cylinder 6. The supporting piston rod 5 is equipped with a sealing bearing 2. The sealing ring 1 is installed at the sealing bearing 2. The diaphragm air spring 10 is fixedly connected to the cylinder 6.

[0030] The diaphragm air spring 10 includes an upper end cover, a lower end cover, and a rubber air bladder.

[0031] Preferably, the sealed bearing 2 is connected to the upper end cover of the diaphragm air spring 10, and the connection between the sealed bearing 2 and the supporting piston rod 5 is sealed by the sealing ring 1. The sealing ring 1 can ensure the airtightness of the diaphragm air spring 10, and the axial movement of the piston rod 5 can be guided and supported by the sealed bearing 2.

[0032] Preferably, the cylinder 6 is installed at the lower end cap of the diaphragm air spring 10, and the connection is sealed.

[0033] Preferably, the annular permanent magnet 7 is made of neodymium iron boron.

[0034] Preferably, the locking nut 8 is an all-metal hexagonal locking nut, and the supporting piston rod 5 has a connecting thread corresponding to the locking nut 8.

[0035] Preferably, the inner diameter of the upper energized coil 4 and the lower energized coil 9 is smaller than that of the annular permanent magnet 7. The upper energized coil 4 and the lower energized coil 9 have an operating voltage of 48V, a number of turns of 6000, a coil height of 50mm, a diameter of 0.20mm, and are made of QZ polyester enameled round copper wire, so that the annular permanent magnet 7 will not pass through the upper energized coil 4 and the lower energized coil 9.

[0036] Preferably, the anti-collision rubber pad 3 is made of silicone rubber with an inner diameter of 22mm and a thickness of 10mm.

[0037] Preferably, the sealing ring 1 is a Y-type sealing ring with a specification of 20×30×5 and a material of fluororubber, and the sealing bearing 2 is a radial sliding bearing with a specification of 20×30×30 and a material of tin bronze.

[0038] The specific working principle and usage method of this utility model are as follows: The cylinder 6 is arranged inside the diaphragm air spring 10. The upper and lower cylinder 6 are arranged with annular grooves for arranging the upper energized coil 4 and the lower energized coil 9. The size of the grooves is determined by the size of the energized coils. The energized coils utilize electromagnetic effects. The upper energized coil 4 and the lower energized coil 9 are respectively arranged above and below the annular permanent magnet 7. By changing the direction and magnitude of the current in the upper energized coil 4 and the lower energized coil 9, the positive and negative values ​​and magnitude of the electromagnetic spring stiffness inside the diaphragm air spring 10 are changed. A vibration sensor is set outside the diaphragm air spring 10. If the amplitude or frequency is small at this time, the direction of the current in the coil must ensure that the magnetic poles of the coil magnetic field are opposite to those of the annular permanent magnet. That is, the bottom magnetic pole of the upper energized coil 4 is opposite to the upper magnetic pole of the annular permanent magnet 7, and the upper magnetic pole of the lower energized coil 9 is opposite to the lower magnetic pole of the annular permanent magnet 7. At the same time, the magnitude of the current is adjusted so that the "negative" stiffness of the electromagnetic spring and the "positive" stiffness of the air spring are canceled out as much as possible, thereby filtering out unfavorable vibrations. If the sensor signal shows a large amplitude, the direction of the current in the coil must ensure that the magnetic poles of the coil magnetic field are the same as those of the ring permanent magnet. That is, the bottom magnetic pole of the upper energized coil 4 is the same as the upper magnetic pole of the ring permanent magnet 7, and the upper magnetic pole of the lower energized coil 9 is the same as the lower magnetic pole of the ring permanent magnet 7. At the same time, the magnitude of the current is adjusted so that the sum of the "positive" stiffness of the electromagnetic spring and the "positive" stiffness of the air spring is sufficient to withstand the quasi-static load, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity of the suspension. It can be seen that since the diaphragm air spring 10 has an electromagnetic spring connected in parallel, and the stiffness of the electromagnetic spring can be "positive" or "negative", it can achieve quasi-zero stiffness of the parallel air spring at low frequency and small displacement, and high stiffness at large displacement, thereby achieving its "high static and low dynamic" nonlinear stiffness characteristics, improving the ride comfort of the car suspension without losing high load-bearing capacity.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model in any way. Those skilled in the art can readily implement this utility model based on the accompanying drawings and the above description. However, any modifications, alterations, or variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the utility model's technical solution, utilizing the disclosed technical content, are equivalent embodiments of this utility model. Furthermore, any equivalent changes, alterations, or variations made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of this utility model are still within the protection scope of this utility model's technical solution.

Claims

1. A stiffness-adjustable composite air spring, comprising a sealing ring (1), a sealing bearing (2), an anti-collision rubber pad (3), an upper energized coil (4), a supporting piston rod (5), a cylinder (6), an annular permanent magnet (7), a locking nut (8), a lower energized coil (9), and a diaphragm air spring (10), characterized in that: The annular permanent magnet (7) is installed on the supporting piston rod (5) by a locking nut (8), the upper energized coil (4) and the lower energized coil (9) are installed on the inner wall of the cylinder (6), the anti-collision rubber pad (3) is installed on the cylinder (6), the supporting piston rod (5) is equipped with a sealed bearing (2), the sealing ring (1) is installed on the sealed bearing (2), and the diaphragm air spring (10) is fixedly connected to the cylinder (6); The diaphragm air spring (10) includes an upper end cover, a lower end cover, and a rubber air bladder.

2. The stiffness-adjustable composite air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealed bearing (2) is connected to the upper end cap of the diaphragm air spring (10), and the connection between the sealed bearing (2) and the supporting piston rod (5) is sealed by the sealing ring (1).

3. The stiffness-adjustable composite air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylinder (6) is installed at the lower end cap of the diaphragm air spring (10), and the connection is sealed.

4. The stiffness-adjustable composite air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular permanent magnet (7) is made of neodymium iron boron.

5. The stiffness-adjustable composite air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking nut (8) is an all-metal hexagonal locking nut, and the supporting piston rod (5) has a connecting thread corresponding to the locking nut (8).

6. The stiffness-adjustable composite air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameters of the upper energized coil (4) and the lower energized coil (9) are smaller than those of the annular permanent magnet (7).

7. The stiffness-adjustable composite air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-collision rubber pad (3) is made of silicone rubber.

8. The stiffness-adjustable composite air spring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing ring (1) is a Y-type sealing ring made of fluororubber, and the sealing bearing (2) is a radial sliding bearing made of tin bronze.

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