Ducted fan and aircraft

Abstract

The ducted fan comprises a ducted cylinder, the ducted cylinder is provided with an inlet end and an outlet end, a lip structure is formed at the inlet end in the annular direction, a lip inner wall is arranged on the inner side of the lip structure in the radial direction of the ducted cylinder, a first opening is formed in the lip inner wall, and a second opening is formed in the second opening. An air entraining channel is formed in the duct cylinder, and the first opening is communicated with one end of the air entraining channel; the fan assembly is arranged on the inner side of the duct cylinder; and the blocking piece is movably arranged at the first opening. Through the application of the ducted fan suitable for the aircraft, the air entraining channel which can be selectively opened is arranged at the lip structure, so that air flow in a potential vortex area is effectively adsorbed, air flow separation and stagnation vortex formation are reduced or even eliminated, air flow guiding is improved, and the air flow guiding effect is improved. And the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft under the condition of a large attack angle is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aircraft technology, and in particular to a ducted fan and an aircraft. Background Technology

[0002] Ducted fans, as an advanced aviation propulsion device, are widely used in drones, small aircraft, and other types of aircraft. The basic structure of a ducted fan includes a fan, duct, fairing, and power unit. In the specific design of a ducted fan, the duct plays a crucial role in guiding airflow.

[0003] However, traditional ducted fans are typically integrally molded. While this design effectively guides airflow under most flight conditions, it can easily lead to airflow separation when the aircraft is at a high angle of attack, i.e., when the incoming airflow forms a large angle with the ducted fan. This is particularly true at the lower lip of the duct, where vortices tend to form. The formation of these vortices not only increases drag but also reduces the propulsive efficiency of the ducted fan.

[0004] The primary cause of the aforementioned airflow separation is the significant angle between the gas flow direction and the duct's shape, while the fan's suction capacity is insufficient to meet the pressure differential required for the airflow to change direction. To address this issue, existing technologies often consider altering the shape of the entire duct and / or adding additional guide vanes. However, these methods frequently require extensive optimization and iteration, resulting in high design costs and a fixed structural form that cannot adapt to airflow variations under different operating conditions, making it difficult to effectively reduce the impact of aerodynamic separation. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a ducted fan, comprising:

[0006] The duct has an inlet end and an outlet end. The inlet end has a lip structure formed in the circumferential direction. The lip structure has an inner wall along the radial side of the duct. A first opening is provided on the inner wall of the lip. An air intake channel is formed inside the duct. The first opening is connected to one end of the air intake channel.

[0007] A fan assembly, wherein the fan assembly is disposed on the inner side of the duct body;

[0008] A blocking member is movably disposed at the first opening, and the blocking member is used to open or close the first opening;

[0009] A control component for controlling the movement of the blocking member.

[0010] In another preferred embodiment, a second opening is provided on the duct body, and the second opening is connected to the other end of the air intake channel.

[0011] In another preferred embodiment, the second opening is located at the outer edge of the outlet end.

[0012] In another preferred embodiment, the lip structure has a leading edge of the lip along the outer side of the duct body along the axial direction, and the control component controls the movement of the blocking member based on the difference between a first pressure at the leading edge of the lip and a second pressure at the inner wall of the lip.

[0013] In another preferred embodiment, the control component includes:

[0014] A chamber, wherein the chamber is disposed inside the duct body;

[0015] The first tube, one end of which is connected to the anterior edge of the lip;

[0016] The second tube, one end of which is connected to the inner wall of the lip;

[0017] A valve body is movably disposed within the chamber, the valve body dividing the interior of the chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber, a blocking member passing through the chamber and connected to the valve body, the first chamber communicating with the other end of the first pipe, and the second chamber communicating with the other end of the second pipe;

[0018] A spring, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the inner side of one end of the chamber and the valve body.

[0019] In another preferred embodiment, sealing rings are respectively embedded on the outer periphery of both ends of the valve body.

[0020] In another preferred embodiment, the valve body, the spring, and the first tube are arranged coaxially.

[0021] In another preferred embodiment, the blocking member is arranged in a T-shape.

[0022] In another preferred embodiment, the fan assembly includes: a bracket, a power unit, and fan blades. The bracket is fixedly disposed within the duct body, the power unit is mounted on the bracket, and the fan blades are rotatably mounted on the output end of the power unit.

[0023] In another preferred embodiment, the first opening is positioned relative to the fan blades near the inlet end.

[0024] The purpose of this invention is to provide an aircraft that includes any of the ducted fans described above.

[0025] Because this utility model adopts the above-mentioned technical solution, it has the following positive effects compared with the prior art:

[0026] By applying this utility model, a ducted fan suitable for aircraft is provided. By setting a selectively openable air intake channel at the lip structure, the airflow in the potential vortex region is effectively adsorbed, thereby reducing or even eliminating airflow separation and stagnant vortex formation, improving airflow guidance, further enhancing the aerodynamic performance of the aircraft under high angle of attack conditions, reducing unnecessary energy loss, and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the ducted fan. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a first schematic diagram of a ducted fan according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of a ducted fan according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a third schematic diagram of a ducted fan according to the present invention.

[0030] In the attached image:

[0031] 1. Ductwork; 2. Inlet end; 3. Outlet end; 4. Lip structure; 5. Inner wall of lip; 6. First opening; 7. Air intake channel; 8. Fan assembly; 9. Blocking component; 10. Control assembly; 11. Leading edge of lip; 12. Chamber; 13. First pipe; 14. Second pipe; 15. Valve body; 16. First chamber; 17. Second chamber; 18. Spring; 19. Sealing ring; 20. Support; 21. Power unit; 22. Fan blade; 23. Fairing; 24. Stator blade. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "back", "horizontal", and "vertical" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "horizontal" and "vertical" in this utility model are used to describe approximate positional relationships, and not strictly "horizontal plane" or "vertical plane".

[0035] like Figures 1 to 3 The diagram illustrates a preferred embodiment of a ducted fan, comprising: a duct body 1 having an inlet end 2 and an outlet end 3; an inlet end 2 having a lip structure 4 formed circumferentially; the lip structure 4 having an inner wall 5 along the radial direction of the inner side of the duct body 1; a first opening 6 formed on the inner wall 5; an air intake channel 7 formed inside the duct body 1; and the first opening 6 communicating with one end of the air intake channel 7; a fan assembly 8 disposed inside the duct body 1; a blocking member 9 movably disposed at the first opening 6 for opening or closing the first opening 6; and a control assembly 10 for controlling the movement of the blocking member 9. Furthermore, when the duct 1 is in a small angle of attack flight state, the blocking member 9 is in the closed position; when the duct 1 is in a large angle of attack flight state, the blocking member 9 is opened under the action of the control component 10, and part of the airflow enters the air intake channel 7; preferably, the specific opening degree of the first opening 6 can be adjusted by the specific displacement of the blocking member 9, thereby adjusting the airflow entering the air intake channel 7 in real time, so that there will be no large airflow stagnation area at the inner wall 5 of the lip, and reducing airflow separation under large angle of attack conditions.

[0036] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the first opening 6 is preferably arranged in an arc shape, and the first opening 6 extends circumferentially along the inner wall 5 of the lip.

[0037] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, a second opening is provided on the duct body 1, and the second opening is connected to the other end of the air intake channel 7. Furthermore, the first opening 6, the air intake channel 7, and the second opening together constitute a complete airflow path; additionally, the second opening may not need to be separately provided, but can be provided through the structural assembly gap of the duct body 1.

[0038] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the second opening is located at the outer edge of the outlet end 3. More preferably, Figure 2 The right end of the bottom surface of the culvert 1 shown is to reduce the impact of its external exhaust flow.

[0039] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the lip structure 4 has a leading edge 11 on the outer side of the duct body 1 along the axial direction. The control component 10 controls the movement of the blocking member 9 based on the difference between the first pressure at the leading edge 11 and the second pressure at the inner wall 5 of the lip. Further, by providing feedback on the difference between the first and second pressures through the control component 10, the position of the blocking member 9 can be adjusted in real time according to the flight attitude of the ducted fan to balance the internal and external pressures of the duct body 1. Preferably, when the difference reaches a preset value, the control component 10 causes the blocking member 9 to move to open the first opening 6, attracting airflow that might otherwise form a vortex into the air intake channel 7, thereby preventing airflow separation and vortex formation.

[0040] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, both the inner wall 5 of the lip and the leading edge 11 of the lip are provided with an annular surface structure.

[0041] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned difference is generated based on the difference between the first pressure and the second pressure, preferably due to the ducted fan being at a large angle of attack.

[0042] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the control assembly 10 includes: a chamber 12 disposed inside the duct body 1; a first pipe 13, one end of which is connected to the leading edge 11 of the lip; a second pipe 14, one end of which is connected to the inner wall 5 of the lip; a valve body 15 movably disposed inside the chamber 12, the valve body 15 dividing the interior of the chamber 12 into a first chamber 16 and a second chamber 17, a blocking member 9 passing through the chamber 12 and connected to the valve body 15, the first chamber 16 being connected to the other end of the first pipe 13, and the second chamber 17 being connected to the other end of the second pipe 14; and a spring 18, both ends of which are connected to the inner side of one end of the chamber 12 and the valve body 15, respectively.

[0043] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the inner side of the duct 1 specifically refers to the hollow portion formed at the center of the duct 1, and the interior of the duct 1 specifically refers to the interior of the duct 1 relative to the structural surface, which is not directly connected to the inner or outer side of the duct 1 as a whole.

[0044] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the control component 10 described above operates as follows:

[0045] When the airflow and the duct 1 are at a small angle of attack, the airflow stagnation point is located at the leading edge 11 of the lip, and its first pressure is greater than the second pressure at the inner wall 5 of the lip. The valve body 15 is located at the rightmost position, and the first opening 6 is in a closed state.

[0046] When the incoming airflow is at a large angle of attack, the leading edge 11 of the lip is no longer a stagnation point, where the airflow velocity is fast and the first pressure is low; the inner wall 5 of the lip creates an airflow stagnation zone due to separation, resulting in a slow flow velocity and high pressure; this causes the pressure in the second chamber 17 to be greater than the pressure in the first chamber 16, pushing the valve body 15 to move to the left, thereby causing the blocking element 9 to move to the left and open the first opening 6; the first opening 6 guides the stagnant high-pressure airflow into the interior of the duct body 1, reducing the gas stagnation zone and allowing the gas to flow more smoothly into the duct fan;

[0047] When the first opening 6 is opened, the pressure in the second chamber 17 decreases. When it is equal to the sum of the pressures in the first chamber 16 and the spring 18, the valve body 15 stops moving, the area of ​​the first opening 6 stops increasing, and the air intake reaches a balance.

[0048] Similarly, when the angle of attack decreases and the separation decreases, the air pressure in the first chamber 16 increases, pushing the valve body 15 to the right and reducing the opening area of ​​the first opening 6. When the angle of attack decreases to a certain extent, the stagnation zone disappears. At this time, the air pressure in the first chamber 16 increases, causing the valve body 15 to move to the rightmost end, and the first opening 6 is closed.

[0049] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a sliding opening is provided at the upper part of the chamber 12, and the lower end of the blocking member 9 is disposed through the sliding opening.

[0050] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the valve body 15 is arranged in a columnar structure.

[0051] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the cross-section of the chamber 12 is arranged in a rectangular structure.

[0052] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the second pipe 14 is arranged to extend radially along the duct body 1.

[0053] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, sealing rings 19 are respectively embedded on the outer periphery of both ends of the valve body 15.

[0054] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the valve body 15, the spring 18, and the first tube 13 are coaxially arranged.

[0055] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the blocking member 9 is arranged in a T-shape.

[0056] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the blocking member 9 is formed with a closed surface that matches the first opening 6.

[0057] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the lower part of the blocking member 9 is provided with a rod-shaped structure.

[0058] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the blocking member 9 can form a certain height difference relative to the first opening 6 to facilitate the movement of the blocking member 9 relative to the first opening 6. Alternatively, based on the curvature of the inner wall surface of the duct 1, the blocking member 9 can move directly along the axial direction of the duct 1 without generating a large height difference.

[0059] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the first tube 13 and the second tube 14 respectively form a circular hole structure at the communication positions with the front edge 11 of the lip and the inner wall 5 of the lip.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the implementation method and protection scope of the present utility model.

[0061] Based on the above, this utility model also has the following embodiments:

[0062] In a further embodiment of this utility model, an aircraft includes a ducted fan as described above. Further, the aforementioned aircraft is preferably a drone, a small fixed-wing aircraft, a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, a ground-mobile vehicle, or other aerodynamic equipment.

[0063] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the fan assembly 8 includes: a bracket 20, a power unit 21, and fan blades 22. The bracket 20 is fixedly disposed inside the duct body 1, the power unit 21 is mounted on the bracket 20, and the fan blades 22 are rotatably mounted on the output end of the power unit 21.

[0064] In a further embodiment of this utility model, the output end of the power device 21 is a rotating shaft, and the fan blades 22 are mounted on the rotating shaft.

[0065] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the bracket 20 adopts a ducted hub structure so that the load of the entire fan assembly 8 is transferred to the duct body 1.

[0066] In a further embodiment of this utility model, the first opening 6 is positioned relative to the fan blade 22 near the inlet end 2.

[0067] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a shroud 23 is provided at the center end of the fan blade 22, and the shroud 23 rotates synchronously with the fan blade 22.

[0068] In a further embodiment of this utility model, a stator blade 24 is provided on the rear outer periphery of the power unit 21.

[0069] In a further embodiment of the present invention, when the aircraft is in level flight, the inlet end 2 and the outlet end 3 of the duct 1 are coaxially arranged, and the axis extends horizontally. At this time, the first opening 6, the blocking member 9 and the control component 10 are located at the lower part of the entire duct 1.

[0070] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the control component 10 may also be a combination of a pressure sensing device and a driving device. The pressure sensing device has at least two sensing ends, which are used to acquire pressure information of the inner wall 5 of the lip and the leading edge 11 of the lip, respectively, and to drive the operation of the empty box according to the pressure information. The driving device is used to drive the movement of the blocking member 9.

[0071] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the duct body 1 is made of composite material and the chamber 12 is made of aluminum alloy material to reduce the additional load generated by the setting of the control component 10.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the implementation method and protection scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should realize that all solutions obtained by equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A ducted fan, characterized in that, include: The duct has an inlet end and an outlet end. The inlet end has a lip structure formed in the circumferential direction. The lip structure has an inner wall along the radial side of the duct. A first opening is provided on the inner wall of the lip. An air intake channel is formed inside the duct. The first opening is connected to one end of the air intake channel. A fan assembly, wherein the fan assembly is disposed on the inner side of the duct body; A blocking member is movably disposed at the first opening, and the blocking member is used to open or close the first opening; A control component for controlling the movement of the blocking member.

2. The ducted fan according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second opening is provided on the duct body, and the second opening is connected to the other end of the air intake channel.

3. The ducted fan according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second opening is located at the outer edge of the outlet end.

4. The ducted fan according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lip structure has a leading edge of the lip on the outer side along the axial direction of the duct body, and the control component controls the movement of the blocking member based on the difference between a first pressure at the leading edge of the lip and a second pressure at the inner wall of the lip.

5. The ducted fan according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control component includes: A chamber, wherein the chamber is disposed inside the duct body; The first tube, one end of which is connected to the anterior edge of the lip; The second tube, one end of which is connected to the inner wall of the lip; A valve body is movably disposed within the chamber, the valve body dividing the interior of the chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber, a blocking member passing through the chamber and connected to the valve body, the first chamber communicating with the other end of the first pipe, and the second chamber communicating with the other end of the second pipe; A spring, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the inner side of one end of the chamber and the valve body.

6. The ducted fan according to claim 5, characterized in that, Sealing rings are embedded on the outer periphery of both ends of the valve body.

7. The ducted fan according to claim 5, characterized in that, The valve body, the spring, and the first tube are arranged coaxially.

8. The ducted fan according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blocking element is configured in a T-shape.

9. The ducted fan according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fan assembly includes a bracket, a power unit, and fan blades. The bracket is fixedly disposed within the ductwork, the power unit is mounted on the bracket, and the fan blades are rotatably mounted on the output end of the power unit.

10. An aircraft, characterized in that, Includes the ducted fan as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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