Miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on star flash wireless communication module

Abstract

The utility model relates to a miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star flash wireless communication module, and belongs to the field of Internet of Things environment monitoring equipment. The device comprises a fixed base, a supporting rod, an integrated mounting box, a battery assembly and a sensor assembly, wherein the integrated mounting box is fixedly connected to the supporting rod; the sensor assembly and the battery assembly are installed or supported through the integrated installation box. The sensor assembly comprises an illumination sensor, an air pressure sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor. The battery assembly comprises a solar panel and a lithium battery; a main control module and a power supply module are arranged in the integrated mounting box, the main control module comprises a main control chip, and the main control chip comprises a star flash wireless communication module for communicating with a cloud end and a local communication module for communicating with a plurality of sensors in the sensor assembly. According to the utility model, the sensor and the main control unit are integrated on the circuit board, so that the problems of hardware redundancy and high power consumption caused by a traditional terminal external module are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of Internet of Things environmental monitoring equipment, and relates to a miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star flash wireless communication module. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of micro-meteorological monitoring, especially in distributed, low-power meteorological data acquisition scenarios, existing technologies still face significant technical bottlenecks, mainly in the following three aspects:

[0003] First, traditional meteorological monitoring terminals generally use wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, LoRa, or NB-IoT, but these solutions have significant shortcomings in terms of real-time performance, power consumption, and networking flexibility. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth have short transmission distances (usually less than 50 meters), and are susceptible to channel interference when deployed with multiple nodes, leading to increased data packet loss rates (exceeding 10%). Although LoRa and NB-IoT support long-distance communication, they rely on gateway devices, resulting in high deployment costs and large transmission latency (usually exceeding 1 second), making it difficult to meet the real-time requirements of meteorological data (such as rapid early warning of sudden rainstorms). While mesh network protocols such as Zigbee support self-organizing networks, the network size is limited (usually less than 100 nodes), and the routing protocols are complex, leading to increased power consumption (standby current exceeding 50μA).

[0004] Secondly, existing micro weather terminals typically adopt an architecture of MCU + external communication module (such as LoRa module), resulting in a large size that makes it difficult to meet the requirements of concealed deployment or high-density deployment; high power consumption, with external modules adding an extra 20% to 30% of power consumption, significantly reducing the battery life of solar power systems; and rising costs, with communication modules accounting for more than 40% of the total cost of the terminal, which restricts large-scale application. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star flash wireless communication module.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module is disclosed. The device includes a fixed base, a support rod, an integrated mounting box, a battery assembly, and a sensor assembly. The integrated mounting box is fixedly connected to the support rod, and the support rod is mounted at a preset acquisition position via the fixed base. The sensor assembly and the battery assembly are mounted or supported by the integrated mounting box. The sensor assembly includes a light sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor. The battery assembly includes a solar panel and a lithium battery.

[0008] The integrated installation box contains a main control module and a power supply module. The main control module includes at least a main control chip and peripheral circuits. The main control chip includes at least a StarSpark wireless communication module for communicating with the cloud and a local communication module for communicating with several sensors in the sensor assembly. The StarSpark wireless communication module on the main control chip includes an antenna circuit and a filter circuit. One end of the antenna circuit is used to transmit and receive wireless signals, and the other end is connected to the RF pin of the main control chip through the filter circuit. The filter circuit includes a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter. The end of the antenna circuit connected to the main control chip includes an input end and an output end. The input end is connected to the transmitting RF pin of the main control chip through the low-pass filter, and the output end is connected to the receiving RF pin of the main control chip through the high-pass filter.

[0009] The local communication module includes I 2 C-bus interface circuit, SPI bus interface circuit, light sensor and temperature and humidity sensor through I 2 The C-bus interface circuit communicates with the main control chip, while the pressure sensor communicates with the main control chip through the SPI bus interface circuit.

[0010] Furthermore, I 2 The C-bus interface circuit includes a clock line SCL and a data line SDA. The light sensor and the temperature / humidity sensor are each connected to one end of the clock line SCL and the data line SDA, respectively. The data pins at the other ends of the clock line SCL and the data line SDA are connected to the I-pins of the main control chip. 2 C bus interface.

[0011] Furthermore, the SPI bus interface circuit includes a master input / slave output line MISO, a master output / slave input line MOSI, a clock line SCK, and a chip select line CS. One end of the master input / slave output line MISO, the master output / slave input line MOSI, the clock line SCK, and the chip select line CS is connected to the barometric pressure sensor, and the other end is connected to the SPI function pin of the master control chip through a data pin.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature and humidity sensor and the light sensor include components for connecting I... 2 The pressure sensor includes data pins for connecting to the C bus and power pins for connecting to the lithium battery;

[0013] Decoupling capacitors and filter circuits are placed near the data pins of the temperature and humidity sensor, the light sensor, and the power supply pin is connected to the output of the lithium battery and grounded through the ground pin.

[0014] Furthermore, the peripheral circuitry of the main control chip includes a power management unit circuit, a real-time clock (RTC) circuit, and a reset circuit.

[0015] Furthermore, the power supply module supplies power to each unit in the main control module through power supply lines. The power supply module includes a step-down chip and a charging management chip. The step-down chip is connected to the output terminal of the lithium battery of the battery pack, converting the output voltage of the lithium battery into the working voltage of the main control module and each sensor before supplying power to them. The charging management chip is connected to the solar input interface of the lithium battery of the battery pack, and is also connected to the solar panel of the battery pack.

[0016] Furthermore, the solar panels of the battery module are installed on the top of the integrated mounting box and are fitted to the top surface of the integrated mounting box; the lithium batteries of the battery module are installed inside the hollow support rod, and the contact surface between the batteries and the support rod is filled with insulating cotton. They are connected to the main control module and power supply module inside the integrated mounting box and to the sensors on the top through power transmission cables.

[0017] Furthermore, the sensor assembly also includes a mounting base, a detachable bracket, and several sensor brackets. The sheet-like mounting base is placed in the middle of the solar panel on the top of the integrated mounting box. The top surface of the integrated mounting box has pre-set threaded holes that correspond to the threaded holes on the mounting base. At the same time, the solar panel also has corresponding through holes. The detachable bracket is fixed by the mounting base, and the sensor bracket is set on the top of the detachable bracket. Each sensor corresponds to one sensor bracket.

[0018] Furthermore, the detachable bracket and each sensor bracket adopt a hollow structure. The connection lines of each sensor converge from the inside of the sensor bracket to the inside of the detachable bracket, and then connect to the main control module and power supply module inside the integrated mounting box respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, the main control chip uses the HI3863 chip; the temperature and humidity sensor uses the SHT40 sensor, the air pressure sensor uses the BMP388 sensor, the light sensor uses the BH1750 sensor; the step-down chip uses the TPS61099 chip, and the charging management chip uses the TP4056 chip.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0021] In terms of communication performance, this invention, based on the existing HI3863 chip, establishes a StarSpark wireless communication module and a local communication module, successfully controlling the data transmission latency to less than 15 milliseconds and reducing the bit error rate to no more than 10%. -6 Compared with traditional Bluetooth solutions, power consumption is reduced by up to 50%, achieving efficient and reliable data transmission.

[0022] This invention features a simple and compact miniature meteorological data acquisition structure. Sensors are distributed at the top of the device to avoid interference. Key components such as the main control chip, sensors, and antennas are arranged in a layered stacked layout, ensuring high integration within a limited space. In terms of integration optimization, the use of a single chip (HI3863) to integrate sensing control and satellite communication functions reduces the hardware size by 40%, significantly decreasing the size of the miniature meteorological data acquisition device and greatly improving deployment flexibility.

[0023] Meanwhile, the device of this invention features a solar panel on top, effectively saving space while ensuring power supply. Furthermore, based on the specific device provided by this invention, a low-power workflow can be implemented, further extending the device's power consumption duration.

[0024] This invention integrates sensor array and main control unit on a circuit board through a single-chip architecture that combines sensing control, star-flash communication and power management. This solves the problems of hardware redundancy, high cost and insufficient reliability caused by external communication modules in traditional meteorological terminals.

[0025] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination and study, or may be learned from practice of this invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the preferred embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the micro meteorological data acquisition device based on the star flash wireless communication module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the micro meteorological data acquisition device based on the star flash wireless communication module according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1-Fixed base; 2-Support rod; 3-Integrated mounting box; 4-Solar panel; 5-Mounting base; 6-Detachable bracket; 7-Temperature and humidity sensor; 8-Barometric pressure sensor; 9-Light sensor; 10-Sensor bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. This utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this utility model. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this utility model. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0031] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the present invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings of this utility model, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] Please see Figures 1-2 This is a miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module.

[0034] Example

[0035] Figure 1 The diagram shows the overall structure of the miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on the Star Flash wireless communication module of this invention. The device includes a fixed base 1, a support rod 2, an integrated mounting box 3, a battery assembly, and a sensor assembly. The integrated mounting box 3 is fixedly connected to the support rod 2, and the support rod 2 is mounted at a preset acquisition position via the fixed base 1. The sensor assembly and battery assembly are mounted or supported by the integrated mounting box 3. The sensor assembly includes a light sensor 9, a barometric pressure sensor 8, and a temperature and humidity sensor 7. The battery assembly includes a solar panel 4 and a lithium battery (not shown in the diagram).

[0036] The integrated mounting box 3 contains a main control module and a power supply module. The main control module includes at least a main control chip and peripheral circuits. The main control chip includes at least a StarSpark wireless communication module for communicating with the cloud and a local communication module for communicating with several sensors in the sensor assembly. The StarSpark wireless communication module on the main control chip includes an antenna circuit and a filter circuit. One end of the antenna circuit is used to transmit and receive wireless signals, and the other end is connected to the RF pin of the main control chip through the filter circuit. The filter circuit includes a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter. The end of the antenna circuit connected to the main control chip includes an input end and an output end. The input end is connected to the transmit RF pin of the main control chip through the low-pass filter, and the output end is connected to the receive RF pin of the main control chip through the high-pass filter.

[0037] More specifically, in this embodiment, the main control chip is the HI3863 chip. The HI3863 chip has a built-in StarScan protocol stack. This chip is not only responsible for data processing and command transmission, but also undertakes the StarScan communication function, enabling wireless communication transmission and Mesh networking based on the StarScan protocol. To ensure the stability and reliability of communication, corresponding antenna circuits and filtering circuits are designed. The antenna circuit is responsible for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. The antenna design considers factors such as size, gain, and impedance matching to ensure the transmission efficiency and stability of wireless signals. The antenna is connected to the RF pins of the HI3863 chip via a coaxial cable. To reduce interference and noise during wireless signal transmission, a filtering circuit is designed. The filtering circuit includes low-pass and high-pass filters, which are connected to the input and output terminals of the antenna, respectively, to filter and shape the wireless signal. The StarScan protocol transmission parameters built into the HI3863 chip include: operating frequency band 2.4GHz; support for 160Mbps transmission rate; communication distance ≥200 meters (line-of-sight environment). The StarShine protocol supports self-healing capabilities in Mesh networks, allowing devices to automatically select the optimal path to transmit data to the gateway node.

[0038] The local communication module includes I 2 C-bus interface circuit and SPI bus interface circuit. Light sensor 9 and temperature / humidity sensor 7 are connected via I-bus interface circuit. 2 The C-bus interface circuit communicates with the main control chip, where I 2 The C-bus interface circuit includes a clock line SCL and a data line SDA. The light sensor 9 and the temperature and humidity sensor 7 are connected to one end of the clock line SCL and the data line SDA, respectively. The data pins at the other ends of the clock line SCL and the data line SDA are connected to the I-pins of the main control chip. 2C-bus interface. The pressure sensor 8 communicates with the main control chip through the SPI bus interface circuit. The SPI bus interface circuit includes master input / slave output line MISO, master output / slave input line MOSI, clock line SCK, and chip select line CS. One end of the master input / slave output line MISO, master output / slave input line MOSI, clock line SCK, and chip select line CS is connected to the pressure sensor 8, and the other end is connected to the SPI function pin of the main control chip through the data pin.

[0039] Temperature and humidity sensors and light sensors 9 include those for connecting I 2 The C-bus includes data pins and power pins for connecting to the lithium battery. Similarly, the barometric pressure sensor 8 includes data pins for connecting to the SPI bus and power pins for connecting to the lithium battery. Decoupling capacitors and filtering circuits are placed near the data pins of the temperature and humidity sensor, the light sensor 9, and the power pins are connected to the output of the lithium battery and grounded through the ground pin.

[0040] In this embodiment, the temperature and humidity sensor 7 is a sensor of model SHT40, the air pressure sensor 8 is a sensor of model BMP388, and the light sensor 9 is a sensor of model BH1750.

[0041] Additionally, the I of several sensors 2 The C bus uses address multiplexing technology, and the SHT40 temperature and humidity sensor, BMP388 barometric pressure sensor, and BH1750 light sensor share the same physical bus.

[0042] Specifically, the 7SHT40 temperature and humidity sensor uses I... 2 The SHT40 communicates with the HI3863 chip via the C-bus: The SHT40's power pins are connected to the 3.3V output of the power supply module, and the data pins (SDA and SCL) are connected to the HI3863 chip's I-channels respectively. 2 The SHT40 uses a C-bus interface. To ensure signal integrity, decoupling capacitors are designed near the pins to reduce the impact of power supply noise on the sensor signal. The barometric pressure sensor 8BMP388 communicates with the HI3863 chip via the SPI bus: the power supply pin and ground pin of the BMP388 are connected to the 3.3V output and ground of the power supply module, respectively, and the SPI signal lines (MISO, MOSI, SCK, and CS) are connected to the SPI function pins of the HI3863 chip. Furthermore, to improve measurement accuracy, a filtering circuit is designed near the pins of the BMP388. The illumination sensor 9BH1750 is designed in the same way. The circuit design of this embodiment fully considers the requirements and characteristics of the main control module, sensor components, and power supply module. Through reasonable circuit design and component selection, the stable operation and high efficiency of the entire device are ensured. 2The BH1750 communicates with the HI3863 chip via the C-bus: the power supply pins of the BH1750 are connected to the 3.3V output of the power supply module, and the data pins (SDA and SCL) are connected to the I-channels of the HI3863 chip. 2 The BH1750 uses a C-bus interface. To ensure signal stability, decoupling capacitors are also designed near the pins.

[0043] The peripheral circuitry of the main control chip includes a power management unit (Power Management Unit), a real-time clock (RTC) circuit, and a reset circuit. The HI3863 chip operates at 3.3V, converted from a 3.7V lithium battery supplied by the power supply module via a step-down converter. Furthermore, the chip internally includes a power management unit capable of intelligently adjusting power consumption according to system requirements. Next, to provide a stable clock signal, an RTC circuit was designed and connected to the clock input of the HI3863 chip, ensuring the accuracy of system time and the synchronization of data acquisition. Finally, to ensure the system can resume normal operation under abnormal conditions, a reset circuit was designed. When the system detects an abnormal state, the reset circuit triggers the reset pin of the HI3863 chip, causing the chip to reinitialize.

[0044] The power supply module supplies power to each unit in the main control module through power supply lines. The power supply module includes a step-down chip and a charging management chip. The step-down chip is connected to the output terminal of the lithium battery of the battery pack and converts the output voltage of the lithium battery into the working voltage of the main control module and each sensor before supplying power to them. The charging management chip is connected to the solar input interface of the lithium battery of the battery pack and is also connected to the solar panel 4 of the battery pack.

[0045] In this embodiment, the step-down chip is a TPS61099, and the charging management chip is a TP4056. Specifically, the power supply module adopts a complementary design of lithium battery and solar power. A 3.7V lithium battery serves as the main power source, which is converted to a 3.3V operating voltage by the TPS61099 step-down chip to power the main control module, sensors, etc. A 5V solar input interface connects to the TP4056 charging management chip for efficient management of solar input and charging of the lithium battery. An intelligent switching function ensures that solar power is prioritized when there is sufficient sunlight, and automatically switches to lithium battery power when there is no sunlight.

[0046] The solar panel 4 of the battery module is installed on the top of the integrated mounting box 3 and is attached to the top surface of the integrated mounting box 3. The lithium battery of the battery module is installed inside the hollow support rod 2, and the contact surface between the battery module and the support rod 2 is filled with insulating cotton. The battery module is connected to the main control module and power supply module inside the integrated mounting box 3 and to the sensor on the top through power transmission cables.

[0047] The sensor assembly also includes a mounting base 5, a detachable bracket 6, and several sensor brackets 10. The sheet-like mounting base 5 is fitted snugly against the solar panel 4 on top of the integrated mounting box 3. The top surface of the integrated mounting box 3 has pre-drilled threaded holes corresponding to the threaded holes on the mounting base 5. Corresponding through holes are also provided on the solar panel 4, allowing the mounting base 5 to be threaded into the integrated mounting box 3 through these holes. The detachable bracket 6 is fixed by the mounting base 5 and is hollow inside to facilitate wiring for each sensor. The sensor brackets 10 are located at the top of the detachable bracket 6, with one bracket for each sensor. The sensor brackets 10 are hollow, and the connection lines of each sensor converge inside the sensor bracket 10 and then connect to the main control module and power supply module inside the integrated mounting box 3.

[0048] Additionally, this embodiment also describes the workflow of the miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on the star-flash wireless communication module of this utility model, such as... Figure 2 As shown, its workflow is as follows:

[0049] The miniature meteorological data acquisition device initially operates in deep sleep mode, with the HI3863 main control chip shutting down all unnecessary circuits, retaining only the timed wake-up module. The power supply module dynamically manages energy input via the TP4056 charging management chip: when there is sufficient sunlight, it prioritizes solar power to charge the 3.7V lithium battery; when there is no sunlight, it automatically switches to lithium battery power, which is converted to a 3.3V system voltage via the TPS61099 boost chip. In this state, the standby current is ≤3μA, allowing it to maintain sleep mode for up to 6 months.

[0050] The wake-up conditions for the miniature meteorological data acquisition device include the following two scenarios: First, timed wake-up, where the HI3863's built-in RTC generates an interrupt signal every 10 minutes; second, gate triggering, where the 8BMP388 barometer detects a sudden drop in barometer pressure >5 hPa / 5 min (indicating severe convective weather).

[0051] After the main control chip exits deep sleep mode, it immediately sends a command to the power management unit to activate the sensor module and supply power.

[0052] HI3863 via hardware I 2 The C-bus sequentially drives the sensor array: Temperature and humidity acquisition: a command is sent to the SHT40 to start the measurement, and the data is read after a 15ms delay; Barometric pressure acquisition: a single measurement is initiated by configuring the registers of the BMP388, and the compensated barometric pressure value is read from the registers; Illuminance acquisition: a command is written to the BH1750 to set it to high-precision mode, and the two-byte illumination intensity value is read after a 120ms delay. Finally, address multiplexing technology, combined with a μs-level timestamp synchronization mechanism, ensures that the time alignment error of the three sets of data is <10μs.

[0053] The main control chip performs data preprocessing: first, it performs anomaly filtering to remove transient interference data from the sensors (such as temperature and humidity changes exceeding ±5% / second); then, it uses the LZW algorithm to compress the meteorological data packets, with a compression rate of ≥40%.

[0054] After the StarShine protocol stack starts, it performs the following sequence of operations: First, channel detection is performed, and spectrum sensing is conducted in the 2.4GHz band to select the channel with the least interference (79 selectable channels); if a neighboring node is detected in the Mesh network (RSSI > -80dBm), a multi-hop route is automatically established, with a maximum communication distance ≥ 200m (line-of-sight); when adaptive frequency hopping encounters Wi-Fi interference, it switches to a backup channel within 1ms. Data packets are aggregated through the gateway node and uploaded to the cloud, with an end-to-end transmission latency of < 15ms.

[0055] In the event of a communication failure (ACK timeout or CRC check error), the HI3863 will execute the following recovery mechanisms: path retry, switching to a backup Mesh node to retransmit, with a maximum of 3 retries; and a self-healing mechanism, triggering network topology reconstruction and updating the neighbor node list after 5 consecutive transmission failures. All retry processes must be completed within 300ms; otherwise, the current data packet will be discarded.

[0056] After data transmission is completed, the miniature meteorological data acquisition device executes the following steps: First, it shuts off the sensor power supply, keeping only the RTC module running; then, it stores the untransmitted data in FRAM non-volatile memory; next, it sets the next wake-up time to 10 minutes later. The system then enters deep sleep mode, with standby current dropping below 3μA.

[0057] In terms of communication performance, this invention, by adopting the StarFlash protocol, successfully controls data transmission latency to less than 15 milliseconds and reduces the bit error rate to no more than 10%. -6 Compared to traditional Bluetooth solutions, power consumption is reduced by up to 50%, achieving efficient and reliable data transmission. In terms of integration optimization, the single-chip (HI3863) integrates sensing control and satellite communication functions, resulting in a 40% reduction in hardware size. This significantly reduces the size of the miniature weather data acquisition device and greatly improves deployment flexibility.

[0058] Environmental adaptability has also been significantly enhanced. The miniature meteorological data acquisition device can operate stably within a wide temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃, and the sensor data drift rate is precisely controlled to less than 0.5% / ℃, ensuring data accuracy under extreme temperature conditions. Meanwhile, the application of star-flash adaptive frequency hopping technology enables the miniature meteorological data acquisition device to achieve a communication success rate of over 99.9% in environments with strong electromagnetic interference, effectively guaranteeing the stability of data transmission.

[0059] The miniature meteorological data acquisition structure of this invention features a simple and compact design. Sensors are distributed at the top of the device to avoid interference. Key components such as the main control chip, sensors, and antennas are arranged in a layered stacked layout, ensuring high integration within a limited space. Simultaneously, a solar panel 4 is installed on the top of the device, effectively saving space while ensuring power supply. In summary, the miniature meteorological data acquisition terminal of this invention fully considers practicality, aesthetics, weather resistance, and maintainability in its design, ensuring stable operation and high efficiency in various complex environments.

[0060] Finally, in terms of scalability, the solution supports StarSpark Mesh networking, enabling easy construction of coverage areas up to 1km. 2 The distributed meteorological monitoring network fully meets the needs of large-scale meteorological monitoring.

[0061] In summary, this utility model, through its innovative design, has achieved significant improvements in several key aspects such as communication efficiency, hardware integration, environmental adaptability, and network expansion, providing an efficient, reliable, and low-power advanced solution for the field of meteorological monitoring.

[0062] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative or explanatory of the principles of this utility model and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model should be included within its protection scope. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all variations and modifications falling within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or equivalent forms of such scope and boundaries.

[0063] The above description does not provide detailed explanations of the technical aspects of each layer's patterning and etching. However, those skilled in the art should understand that various methods existing in the prior art can be used to form layers and regions of the desired shape. Furthermore, to form the same structure, those skilled in the art can also design methods that are not entirely identical to those described above.

[0064] The present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments thereof. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0065] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and modifications can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of this technical solution, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module, characterized in that: The miniature meteorological data acquisition device includes a fixed base, a support rod, an integrated mounting box, a battery assembly, and a sensor assembly. The integrated mounting box is fixedly connected to the support rod, and the support rod is installed at a preset acquisition position via the fixed base. The sensor assembly and the battery assembly are installed or supported by the integrated mounting box. The sensor assembly includes a light sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, and a temperature and humidity sensor. The battery assembly includes a solar panel and a lithium battery. The integrated installation box contains a main control module and a power supply module. The main control module includes at least a main control chip and peripheral circuits. The main control chip includes at least a StarSpark wireless communication module for communicating with the cloud and a local communication module for communicating with several sensors in the sensor assembly. The StarSpark wireless communication module on the main control chip includes an antenna circuit and a filter circuit. One end of the antenna circuit is used to transmit and receive wireless signals, and the other end is connected to the RF pin of the main control chip through the filter circuit. The filter circuit includes a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter. The end of the antenna circuit connected to the main control chip includes an input end and an output end. The input end is connected to the transmitting RF pin of the main control chip through the low-pass filter, and the output end is connected to the receiving RF pin of the main control chip through the high-pass filter. The local communication module includes I 2 C-bus interface circuit, SPI bus interface circuit, light sensor and temperature and humidity sensor through I 2 The C-bus interface circuit communicates with the main control chip, while the pressure sensor communicates with the main control chip through the SPI bus interface circuit.

2. The miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: I 2 The C-bus interface circuit includes a clock line SCL and a data line SDA. The light sensor and the temperature / humidity sensor are each connected to one end of the clock line SCL and the data line SDA, respectively. The data pins at the other ends of the clock line SCL and the data line SDA are connected to the I-pins of the main control chip. 2 C bus interface.

3. A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SPI bus interface circuit includes master input / slave output line MISO, master output / slave input line MOSI, clock line SCK, and chip select line CS. One end of the master input / slave output line MISO, master output / slave input line MOSI, clock line SCK, and chip select line CS is connected to the barometric pressure sensor, and the other end is connected to the SPI function pin of the master control chip through the data pin.

4. A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Temperature and humidity sensors and light sensors include those for connecting I 2 The pressure sensor includes data pins for connecting to the C bus and power pins for connecting to the lithium battery; Decoupling capacitors and filter circuits are placed near the data pins of the temperature and humidity sensor, the light sensor, and the power supply pin is connected to the output of the lithium battery and grounded through the ground pin.

5. A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peripheral circuits of the main control chip include a power management unit circuit, a real-time clock circuit (RTC), and a reset circuit.

6. A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module supplies power to each unit in the main control module through power supply lines. The power supply module includes a step-down chip and a charging management chip. The step-down chip is connected to the output terminal of the lithium battery of the battery pack, converting the output voltage of the lithium battery into the working voltage of the main control module and each sensor before supplying power to them. The charging management chip is connected to the solar input interface of the lithium battery of the battery pack, and is also connected to the solar panel of the battery pack.

7. A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar panels of the battery module are installed on the top of the integrated mounting box and are fitted to the top surface of the integrated mounting box. The lithium batteries of the battery module are installed inside the hollow support rod, and the contact surface between the batteries and the support rod is filled with insulating cotton. The batteries are connected to the main control module and power supply module inside the integrated mounting box and to the sensors on the top through power transmission cables.

8. A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sensor assembly also includes a mounting base, a detachable bracket, and several sensor brackets. The sheet-like mounting base is placed in the middle of the solar panel on the top of the integrated mounting box. The top surface of the integrated mounting box has pre-set threaded holes that correspond to the threaded holes on the mounting base. At the same time, the solar panel also has corresponding through holes. The detachable bracket is fixed by the mounting base, and the sensor bracket is set on the top of the detachable bracket. Each sensor corresponds to one sensor bracket.

9. A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The detachable bracket and each sensor bracket adopt a hollow structure. The connection lines of each sensor converge from the inside of the sensor bracket to the inside of the detachable bracket, and then connect to the main control module and power supply module inside the integrated mounting box respectively.

10. A miniature meteorological data acquisition device based on a star-flash wireless communication module according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The main control chip is the HI3863 chip; the temperature and humidity sensor is the SHT40 sensor; the air pressure sensor is the BMP388 sensor; and the light sensor is the BH1750 sensor.

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