Multifunctional water quality monitoring equipment for water supply engineering

Abstract

The utility model provides multifunctional water quality monitoring equipment for water supply engineering, which relates to the technical field of water supply engineering and comprises a box body, a water quality collecting unit is arranged in the box body and comprises an integrated stainless steel flow cell, a water inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the integrated stainless steel flow cell, and a water pump is arranged at the joint of the water inlet pipe. A water diversion pipe is arranged on the left side of the water pump, an overflow pipe is arranged on the side wall of the integrated stainless steel flow cell, real-time synchronous monitoring of various water quality parameters is achieved through the water quality collecting unit, comprehensive and accurate data are provided, and the integrated design is combined with a heating device to guarantee stable operation of equipment in different environments; the instrument monitoring unit intelligently processes and transmits data, so that an operator can conveniently master conditions and adjust the process, and the data transmission unit ensures efficient and stable transmission and comprehensive acquisition of the data in various communication modes and various acquisition modes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water supply engineering technology, and in particular to a multifunctional water quality monitoring device for water supply engineering. Background Technology

[0002] Water supply projects are a crucial infrastructure project concerning national welfare and people's livelihood, aiming to provide safe, stable, sufficient, and high-quality water resources for urban and rural areas and various production activities. It encompasses a series of stages, from water intake at the source, raw water transportation, water purification treatment, to the distribution network delivering the water to users. Water sources include various forms such as surface water (rivers, lakes, and reservoirs) and groundwater. Raw water is extracted through the construction of water intake facilities, such as pumping stations and wells, and then transported to water treatment plants via pipelines. Water treatment plants employ various physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes, such as sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection, to remove impurities, pollutants, and harmful microorganisms from the water, ensuring that the water quality meets standards. Finally, through a vast and complex water distribution network system, the treated clean water is distributed to various water points in residential households, industrial enterprises, and commercial establishments, meeting the diverse water needs of daily life, industrial production, agricultural irrigation, and commercial services. It plays an indispensable role in ensuring socio-economic development, maintaining public health, and protecting ecological balance.

[0003] Rural water supply projects are of great significance to residents' lives and production, but existing monitoring methods mostly rely on manual periodic sampling and laboratory analysis, which have limitations such as low monitoring frequency, delayed data acquisition, high cost, and susceptibility to human factors.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a multifunctional water quality monitoring device for water supply projects. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies. Rural water supply projects are of great significance to residents' lives and production, but existing monitoring methods mostly rely on manual periodic sampling and laboratory analysis, which have limitations such as low monitoring frequency, delayed data acquisition, high cost, and susceptibility to human factors.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A multi-functional water quality monitoring device for water supply projects includes a housing, and a water quality acquisition unit is installed inside the housing.

[0008] The water quality acquisition unit includes an integrated stainless steel flow tank. An inlet pipe is installed at the bottom of the integrated stainless steel flow tank. A water pump is installed at the connection of the inlet pipe. A water inlet pipe is installed on the left side of the water pump. An overflow pipe is installed on the side wall of the integrated stainless steel flow tank. An empty pipe is installed at the bottom of the integrated stainless steel flow tank and on the right side of the inlet pipe. A sensor cluster is also installed inside the integrated stainless steel flow tank.

[0009] The sensor cluster includes a pH sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a turbidity sensor, a conductivity sensor, a temperature sensor, and a residual chlorine sensor.

[0010] An integrated data acquisition cabinet is installed above an integrated stainless steel flow tank. Inside, there is an instrument monitoring unit, which includes an instrument sensor. The instrument sensor is connected to a corresponding transmitter via a cable to realize data transmission.

[0011] The data transmission unit includes a PLC programmable automatic controller, a GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal, and an RTU low-power measurement and control terminal.

[0012] Furthermore, the instrument monitoring unit's instrument sensors are connected to the water pump and sensor cluster circuit to control the water pump's operating parameters to regulate the water flow rate entering the integrated stainless steel flow tank, ensuring that the sensor cluster is in a suitable working environment for normal operation.

[0013] Furthermore, the PLC programmable automatic controller is used to collect various types of data from the instrument monitoring unit;

[0014] The GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal is used in conjunction with a PLC programmable automatic controller.

[0015] Furthermore, the RTU low-power measurement and control terminal connects the PLC programmable automatic controller and the information platform system, analyzes the data collected by the PLC programmable automatic controller, and transmits the data to the information platform system through various communication methods, including fiber optic, network cable, full network 4G / 3G / 2G, covering China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom networks, data transmission radio and GPS, and supports multi-center communication of 1-4 servers. Data transmission can be performed on a timed basis, and users can set the reporting frequency independently. It also supports hydrological, water resource and environmental protection protocols, and can also customize and develop transmission protocols according to needs.

[0016] Furthermore, data collection methods are diversified, including:

[0017] It uses RS232 / RS485 serial port output data acquisition interface, which is suitable for data acquisition from devices such as flow meters and digital display meters.

[0018] AI-based analog signal acquisition for data acquisition in level gauges and pressure gauges;

[0019] The PI pulse signal can be used to collect data from pulse water and electricity meter devices.

[0020] The data acquisition unit (DI) is used to collect status information of manhole covers and float switches.

[0021] Furthermore, the water quality acquisition unit, instrument monitoring unit, and data transmission unit are integrated into the same enclosure. A wall-mounted graphene heating device is installed inside the enclosure, and a thermostat is located above the wall-mounted graphene heating device. When the temperature inside the enclosure is below 5°C, the heating device automatically starts, and when the temperature inside the enclosure is above 10°C, the heating device automatically stops operating.

[0022] Furthermore, the automatic early warning function of the PLC programmable automatic controller specifically includes:

[0023] Instrument data anomaly warning is triggered when the data monitored by the instrument exceeds the preset normal data range;

[0024] Sensor data anomaly warning: When the data collected by the sensor does not conform to the normal data characteristics or exceeds the normal threshold, a warning is issued.

[0025] Instrument and equipment fault warning: The warning is activated when the instrument or the connected equipment experiences a hardware or communication failure.

[0026] Low battery voltage warning: An alert is issued when the voltage of the battery supplying the system drops to a set low threshold, ensuring the safety and reliability of system operation.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0028] In this invention, a water quality acquisition unit enables real-time synchronous monitoring of various water quality parameters, providing comprehensive and accurate data. The integrated design, combined with a heating device, ensures stable operation of the equipment in different environments.

[0029] The instrument monitoring unit intelligently processes and transmits data, making it convenient for operators to monitor the situation and adjust processes. The data transmission unit uses multiple communication methods and diverse acquisition methods to ensure efficient, stable, and comprehensive data acquisition.

[0030] The abnormal early warning function covers multiple aspects and provides reminders in various ways, effectively preventing accidents and ensuring water supply safety. At the same time, the protocol customization capability of the RTU terminal enhances the equipment's versatility and compatibility, enabling it to better adapt to diverse water quality monitoring and management needs. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main structure of a multifunctional water quality monitoring device for water supply projects provided by this utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a wall-mounted graphene heating device for a multifunctional water quality monitoring system used in water supply projects, provided by this utility model.

[0033] Figure 3 A top view schematic diagram of the main structure of a multifunctional water quality monitoring device for water supply projects provided by this utility model;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of an integrated data acquisition cabinet for a multifunctional water quality monitoring device used in water supply projects, provided by this utility model;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a sensor cluster for a multifunctional water quality monitoring device used in water supply projects, provided by this utility model.

[0036] Legend: 1. Box body; 2. Integrated stainless steel flow tank; 3. Inlet pipe; 4. Water pump; 5. Water inlet pipe; 6. Overflow pipe; 7. Drain pipe; 8. pH sensor; 9. Dissolved oxygen sensor; 10. Turbidity sensor; 11. Conductivity sensor; 12. Temperature sensor; 13. Residual chlorine sensor; 14. Integrated data acquisition cabinet; 15. Instrument sensor; 16. PLC programmable automatic controller; 17. GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal; 18. RTU low-power measurement and control terminal; 19. Wall-mounted graphene heating device; 20. Thermostat. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0038] To facilitate understanding of this utility model, a more comprehensive description of this utility model will be provided below with reference to relevant embodiments, and several embodiments of this utility model will be given. However, this utility model can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of this utility model more thorough and complete.

[0039] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0041] Example

[0042] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the water quality sampling unit is installed as follows: In the water plant of a small rural water supply project, select a location near the clear water tank with a relatively open space to install an integrated stainless steel flow tank 2. Use a stainless steel bracket to fix the flow tank on the ground to ensure that it is level and stable. Connect the inlet pipe 3 to a submersible pump 4 with a power of 0.75kW. The inlet pipe 3 is a corrosion-resistant PVC pipe with an inner diameter of 25mm. The connection is made with a flange and a rubber sealing ring is installed to ensure a good seal. The water pipe 5 draws water from the bottom of the clear water tank. Its length is determined according to the actual distance, but it is necessary to ensure smooth water flow and minimize pressure loss.

[0043] Overflow pipe 6 is installed on the side wall of the flow pool 10cm from the top. Overflow pipe 6 is made of PVC pipe with an inner diameter of 20mm. After being welded to the flow pool, it is connected to the outdoor sewage discharge ditch with a 5% slope. Drain pipe 7 is located to the right of inlet pipe 3. The pipe diameter is 15mm. A manual ball valve is installed for draining. Drain pipe 7 leads to the drainage well in the water plant.

[0044] A sensor cluster is installed in the flow-through tank. The pH sensor 8, dissolved oxygen sensor 9, turbidity sensor 10, conductivity sensor 11, temperature sensor 12, and residual chlorine sensor 13 are all threaded into pre-drilled threaded holes on the side wall of the flow-through tank. The installation depth ensures that the sensitive parts of the sensors are completely submerged in the water sample. The sensor cables are four-core cables with shielding. The cables are laid along the cable trays on the wall of the flow-through tank and fixed with cable ties to prevent the cables from shaking. The cable joints are sealed with waterproof connectors to ensure waterproof and moisture-proof protection.

[0045] Instrument monitoring unit installation: Install the instrument box on the wall near the flow pool. Install the pressure sensor on the outlet pipe of the clear water pool and connect it to the pipe with a thread. Use Teflon tape to seal during installation to prevent water leakage. The liquid level sensor is a hydrostatic liquid level sensor, which is installed at the bottom of the clear water pool near the edge. Connect the sensor to the transmitter installed in the instrument box through a cable. The instrument box also houses the transmitter of instrument sensor 15. The transmitters are kept at a certain distance from each other to facilitate heat dissipation and maintenance.

[0046] The cable connection between the instrument sensor 15 and the transmitter is secure. The cable length is selected according to the actual installation distance, generally not exceeding 10m, in order to reduce signal attenuation. The transmitter is powered by a DC power module in the instrument box. The power module converts 220VAC mains power to 24VDC DC power to power the transmitter and instrument monitoring unit.

[0047] Data transmission unit installation: The PLC programmable automatic controller 16 is a Siemens S7-200SMART series, installed on the guide rail inside the control cabinet and fixed with a fixing clip. The control cabinet is placed in the control room of the water plant. The indoor environment is dry and well-ventilated, away from electromagnetic interference sources of large motors. The power cable of the PLC is connected to the power filter inside the control cabinet and then connected to a 220VAC power socket to ensure stable power supply.

[0048] The GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal 17 uses a Huawei EM770W module, which is installed in the control cabinet near the PLC. It is connected to the PLC using an RS232 serial cable, with the cable length not exceeding 2m to ensure stable communication. The wireless terminal's antenna is installed on the control room ceiling using a suction cup mounting method. The antenna direction is adjusted to face the direction with the strongest signal to ensure good wireless signal reception.

[0049] The RTU low-power measurement and control terminal 18 uses the Xiamen Four-Faith F2X16 series and is installed in the control cabinet. The RTU and PLC are connected via an RS485 bus. The bus uses shielded twisted-pair cable with 120-ohm terminating resistors at both ends to prevent signal reflection. The RTU is connected to the county-level water conservancy bureau information platform and the regional water conservancy information platform via fiber optic communication. The fiber optic cable is laid by the telecommunications operator to the water plant control room. A fiber optic transceiver is installed in the control cabinet to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal and connect it to the RTU.

[0050] Equipment debugging: Sensor calibration. Prepare buffer solutions with pH values ​​of 4.00, 6.86 and 9.18. Immerse pH sensor 8 in the three solutions in sequence. After the readings stabilize, adjust the calibration parameters of pH sensor 8 through the calibration menu of the instrument monitoring unit so that the error between the measured value and the value is within ±0.1 pH.

[0051] The dissolved oxygen sensor 9 is calibrated using the saturated air-water method. The sensor is placed in clean water that is in equilibrium with the atmosphere (water temperature is 25°C), and the sensor output is adjusted according to the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration at this temperature (approximately 8.26 mg / L) to keep the measurement error within ±0.5 mg / L.

[0052] The turbidity sensor 10 is calibrated using formalin solution. Solutions with turbidity of 0 NTU, 10 NTU, 50 NTU and 100 NTU are poured into the flow cell, and the sensor calibration parameters are adjusted to make the measurement error within ±5%.

[0053] The conductivity sensor 11 is calibrated with a potassium chloride solution of 1000 μS / cm. The sensor is immersed in the solution, and the output is adjusted to make the measurement error within ±50 μS / cm. The temperature sensor 12 is placed in a constant temperature water bath at 25°C together with the mercury thermometer. The calibration coefficient is adjusted to make the measurement error within ±1°C. The residual chlorine sensor 13 is calibrated with a residual chlorine solution of 1 mg / L. The calibration parameters are adjusted to make the measurement error within ±0.2 mg / L.

[0054] Instrument monitoring unit debugging: Observe the display values ​​of each instrument sensor 15 in the instrument box, check whether the water pressure measured by the pressure sensor matches the actual pressure (this can be compared with the pressure gauge installed on the pipeline), check whether the liquid level height measured by the liquid level sensor is accurate (this can be compared with the liquid level measured manually), check whether the signal transmission between the instrument sensor 15 and the transmitter is stable, and whether there are any signal jumps or interruptions.

[0055] Check the flow rate and water quality parameters on the display screen of the instrument monitoring unit to see if the calculation results are correct. For example, compare the water output calculated based on the size and level change of the clear water tank with the actual water output to check if the calculation error is within a reasonable range. If a calculation error is found, check the calculation program and parameter settings in the instrument monitoring unit, such as whether the flow coefficient and density parameters are correct, and make necessary adjustments.

[0056] Test the coordinated control function of the instrument monitoring unit and water pump 4. Set the upper and lower limits of the clear water tank level on the instrument monitoring unit. When the level is lower than the lower limit, observe whether the instrument monitoring unit can automatically start water pump 4 to pump water; when the level is higher than the upper limit, observe whether the water pump 4 can automatically stop. At the same time, check whether the speed control of water pump 4 is normal. By changing the water output of the clear water tank, observe whether the instrument monitoring unit can adjust the speed of water pump 4 according to the level change to keep the level within the set range.

[0057] Data transmission unit debugging: PLC debugging, connect to the PLC using programming software, check whether the program download is successful, whether each logic function block in the program is running normally, manually trigger switch input signals (such as simulating the opening or closing signal of a manhole cover), observe whether the PLC input indicator lights are lit normally, and whether the corresponding output ports have the correct actions (such as controlling the alarm light to light up or the relay to act). Through the PLC's data monitoring function, check whether the collected values ​​of analog input signals (such as liquid level, pressure, water quality parameters) are accurate, and whether the data storage and processing are correct.

[0058] For GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal 17 debugging, test data is sent from the PLC. The debugging software on the wireless terminal is used to check whether the data is successfully sent. At the same time, the receiving end of the county-level water resources bureau information platform and the regional water resources information platform is checked to see if the data can be received and whether the data format is correct. The signal strength and network connection status parameters of the wireless terminal are checked to ensure that the wireless communication is normal. If communication problems occur, check whether the SIM card is in arrears, whether the APN setting is correct, and whether the antenna is installed securely. Troubleshoot and resolve the problems one by one.

[0059] During the debugging of the RTU low-power measurement and control terminal 18, after the PLC sends data, check whether the RTU can correctly receive and parse the data. Use the RTU's configuration software to check whether the data parsing result is correct and whether the data is converted according to the set protocol format. Test the fiber optic communication between the RTU and the information platform system. Use a fiber optic tester to check whether the fiber optic link loss and optical power parameters are normal. Check whether the information platform system can receive the data sent by the RTU and whether the integrity and accuracy of the data meet the requirements. If there are problems with data transmission, check whether the fiber optic connection is loose, whether the fiber optic transceiver is working properly, and whether the RTU's communication parameter settings are correct. Repair the fault in a timely manner.

[0060] For routine operation monitoring, after the equipment is running normally, the operators regularly check the display screen of the instrument monitoring unit every day to obtain real-time water quality (pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, residual chlorine), water volume (flow rate), water pressure (pressure), and water level (liquid level) data. At the same time, they log in to the county-level water resources bureau information platform and the regional water resources information platform to view remote monitoring data to ensure that the data transmission is normal and that the on-site data is consistent with the platform data.

[0061] Monitor the working status of the PLC programmable automatic controller 16, check whether its input and output indicator lights are flashing normally, and whether there are any alarm messages. If the PLC alarms, check the alarm code in time, and troubleshoot the cause of the fault according to the code prompt, such as short circuit of input and output ports or program running error, and take appropriate measures.

[0062] Regularly check the signal strength and communication status of the GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal 17 to ensure that data can be transmitted stably to the information platform system. If the signal is weak or communication is interrupted, check whether the antenna is blocked or whether there are interference sources in the surrounding environment. If necessary, adjust the antenna position or replace the wireless communication module.

[0063] Regular maintenance is required. The water quality acquisition unit should be inspected weekly to check for leaks in the integrated stainless steel flow tank 2 and to ensure that the inlet pipe 3, overflow pipe 6, and drain pipe 7 are unobstructed. The flow tank should be cleaned regularly to prevent impurities on the tank wall from affecting sensor measurements. The sensor cluster should be inspected monthly to check for dirt or biological deposits on the sensor surface. If necessary, the sensor surface should be gently wiped with a soft cloth or cleaned with a suitable cleaning solution (be careful not to damage the sensor's sensitive membrane).

[0064] Perform quarterly maintenance on the instrument monitoring unit, check the working performance of instrument sensor 15 and transmitter. If a large measurement error is found, recalibrate. Check whether the power module and wiring terminal components in the instrument box are normal, and whether there is any looseness or overheating. If any problems are found, deal with them in time. At the same time, clean the dust in the instrument box to maintain a good heat dissipation environment.

[0065] Perform a comprehensive maintenance on the data transmission unit every six months, check the PLC battery level (if a spare battery is available) to ensure data is not lost in the event of a power outage, clean the PLC's cooling fan and vents to ensure proper heat dissipation, check the antenna connections of the GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal 17 and the RTU low-power measurement and control terminal 18 to ensure they are secure, upgrade the software of the wireless terminal to obtain better performance and compatibility, check the reliability of the fiber optic communication line connection, and check the working status of the fiber optic transceiver. If necessary, replace aging fiber optic cables or transceiver components.

[0066] In the event of an abnormal water quality, when the instrument monitoring unit or information platform system issues an alert for an abnormal water quality (such as pH value exceeding the range of 6.5-8.5, dissolved oxygen below 2 mg / L, or residual chlorine below 0.05 mg / L), the operations personnel should immediately go to the water plant site. First, check whether the sensors are working properly. This can be done by checking the sensor calibration records and the method of measuring the solution. If the sensors are normal, manually sample the water and send it to the laboratory for further analysis to determine the cause of the abnormal water quality (such as water source pollution or water plant treatment process failure).

[0067] Take appropriate measures based on the cause of the water quality abnormality. If it is water source pollution, stop water intake immediately and report to the superior department. At the same time, activate the emergency plan, such as using backup water sources or taking emergency purification measures. If it is a water plant treatment process failure, such as a dosing equipment failure leading to insufficient residual chlorine, repair or replace the dosing equipment in time, adjust the dosing dosage, and restore water supply after ensuring that the water quality meets the standards.

[0068] For equipment troubleshooting, when the PLC programmable automatic controller 16 malfunctions (such as program running errors or damage to input / output modules), based on the fault alarm information and the PLC's diagnostic functions, try re-downloading the program or replacing the damaged module. If you cannot repair it yourself, contact the equipment supplier or professional technicians for repair.

[0069] If the instrument sensor 15 or transmitter malfunctions, such as abnormal fluctuations in the measured value or no output signal, first check whether the connection between the sensor and the transmitter is loose or damaged. If there is a problem, repair or reconnect. If the connection is normal, the fault may be internal to the sensor or transmitter. Replace the corresponding component. After replacing the component, recalibrate to ensure accurate measurement.

[0070] For GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal 17 or RTU low-power measurement and control terminal 18 malfunctions, check whether the power supply is normal, whether the communication line is unobstructed, and whether the antenna is damaged. If it is a software problem, try restarting the device or upgrading the software. If the hardware failure cannot be repaired, replace the faulty device in time to ensure normal data transmission.

[0071] The workflow is summarized as follows:

[0072] The water sampling process involves starting water pump 4 at the beginning of the water supply project, such as near the clear water tank or raw water intake. Water pump 4 is connected to the integrated stainless steel flow tank 2. The water pump 4 is selected according to the design and is adapted to the corresponding water supply scale and pressure requirements. For example, a 0.75kW submersible pump 4 may be selected for small rural water supply projects, while a 5kW centrifugal pump may be used for large urban water supply projects.

[0073] Water sample extraction and transportation: Water pump 4 operates to extract water samples from the water source through water pipe 5. The material of water pipe 5 is selected according to the characteristics of the water source to ensure corrosion resistance and pressure resistance. For example, corrosion-resistant PVC pipes with an inner diameter of 25mm are commonly used in rural projects, while stainless steel pipes with an inner diameter of 50mm may be used in urban projects. The water sample is stably transported to the integrated stainless steel circulation pool 2 through water pipe 5.

[0074] The flow-through tank's inlet water regulation system ensures smooth and leak-free water intake. The reasonable diameter design of the bottom inlet pipe 3 (approximately 25mm in rural projects and 50mm in urban projects) and its tight connection with the water pump 4 (flange with sealing ring) guarantee this. Simultaneously, the overflow pipe 6 on the side wall of the flow-through tank regulates the water level. When there is excessive water sample, the liquid level reaches the height of the overflow pipe 6 (10cm from the top in rural areas and 15cm from the top in urban areas). Excess water sample is discharged through the overflow pipe 6. The overflow pipe 6 connects to the drainage pipe at a certain slope (5% in rural areas and 3% in urban areas) to ensure smooth drainage and prevent backflow of accumulated water from affecting water quality monitoring.

[0075] Sensor monitoring process: The water sample flows through the sensors and enters the flow tank. The water sample flows through various sensors installed in the tank in sequence, including pH sensor 8, dissolved oxygen sensor 9, turbidity sensor 10, conductivity sensor 11, temperature sensor 12 and residual chlorine sensor 13. The sensors monitor the water quality parameters in real time based on different principles.

[0076] The pH sensor 8 is based on electrochemical principles. The glass electrode and the reference electrode contact the water sample. By measuring the potential difference, the pH value of the water sample is calculated using the Nernst equation. Its sensitive membrane fully interacts with the water sample to accurately sense changes in hydrogen ion concentration.

[0077] The dissolved oxygen sensor 9 has polarographic and fluorescence methods. The polarographic method applies a polarization voltage to reduce dissolved oxygen in the water at the cathode and generate a current. The magnitude of the current is proportional to the dissolved oxygen concentration. The fluorescence method uses the characteristic that the fluorescence intensity of a fluorescent substance changes with the dissolved oxygen concentration after it is excited to monitor the changes in dissolved oxygen content in the water. The sensor accurately captures changes in dissolved oxygen content in the water.

[0078] The turbidity sensor 10 utilizes the principle of light scattering or absorption by suspended particles. A light-emitting diode emits light, and a photodetector receives the scattered light. Based on the relationship between the intensity of the scattered light and turbidity, the turbidity value is calculated. Some advanced sensors use multi-angle scattering to improve accuracy.

[0079] The conductivity sensor 11 applies an alternating voltage to the electrodes, causing ions in the water to move in a directional manner and form a current. Combining the electrode parameters and the current measurement value, the conductivity is calculated according to the formula, reflecting the total concentration of ions in the water and indirectly indicating the water quality status.

[0080] Temperature sensor 12, mostly using thermistor, whose resistance changes functionally with water temperature. By measuring the change in resistance, the water temperature can be inferred, providing a key temperature reference for sensor measurement and comprehensive water quality assessment.

[0081] The residual chlorine sensor 13 commonly uses the residual chlorine electrode method. The residual chlorine reacts with the electrolyte in the electrode, causing changes in current or potential. The residual chlorine concentration is calculated based on the calibration relationship, ensuring the accuracy of water disinfection effect monitoring.

[0082] Signal conversion and transmission: Each sensor converts the monitored physical quantities into electrical signals in real time. To ensure stable and accurate signals, the sensors are equipped with high-quality cables. For example, rural projects use shielded four-core cables, while urban projects use high-temperature resistant and interference-resistant six-core shielded cables. The cables are laid along the path (in rural areas along the cable trays of the flow pool wall, and in urban areas along the cable trays) to the instrument monitoring unit. The joints are waterproofed (waterproof joints are used in rural areas) and reliably connected (crimped terminals are used in urban areas) to reduce signal interference and attenuation.

[0083] Data acquisition and preliminary processing flow: Instrument sensor 15 signal acquisition: The instrument sensor 15 in the instrument monitoring unit receives electrical signals from the flow pool sensor, covering multiple parameter signals such as pressure and liquid level. The pressure sensor converts pressure into an electrical signal based on the characteristics of the pressure-sensitive element (piezoelectric crystal or strain gauge); the liquid level sensor converts the liquid level height into an electrical signal through hydrostatic or ultrasonic principles, ensuring comprehensive data acquisition from all aspects of the water supply.

[0084] The transmitter performs a series of processing steps on the received electrical signals. First, the signal is amplified by an operational amplifier that amplifies the weak signal (which may only be a few millivolts) to a suitable range (such as 0-5V or 4-20mA). Next, filtering is performed using a filter composed of capacitors and inductors to remove electromagnetic interference and power supply fluctuation noise, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio. For analog signals, analog-to-digital conversion is also required, which discretizes the analog signal into digital code at a certain sampling frequency to facilitate subsequent processing. The processed signal (such as a 4-20mA current signal, which has strong anti-interference capabilities and can indicate fault conditions) is transmitted to the core part of the instrument monitoring unit.

[0085] Preliminary data calculation and display: The instrument monitoring unit performs preliminary calculations on the collected data based on the built-in algorithm. For example, it calculates the flow rate based on pressure and liquid level data combined with pipeline parameters, converts the raw sensor data into intuitive water quality parameters, water quantity, water pressure, and water level values, and displays them on the local display screen in real time for on-site operation and maintenance personnel to view and grasp the real-time status of water supply.

[0086] Data transmission and remote monitoring process: PLC data acquisition and integration. The PLC programmable automatic controller 16 is connected to the instrument monitoring unit through an interface. It collects various types of data after preliminary processing at set cycles (such as every second or every few minutes), including water quality, water quantity, water pressure, and water level. The PLC's internal processor uses its powerful data storage, sorting, analysis, and logical judgment capabilities to classify and store the data. Based on preset rules (such as comparison of thresholds for different water quality parameters and water balance calculation), it performs in-depth calculations to achieve accurate water quality parameter monitoring and analysis, providing data support for subsequent decision-making.

[0087] For wireless terminal data conversion and transmission, a GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal 17 (Huawei EM770W module may be used in rural areas, and ZTE MF253S module may be used in urban areas) is installed close to the PLC. The two are connected via RS232 or Ethernet port (depending on the module). After receiving data from the PLC, the wireless terminal converts it into a format suitable for wireless transmission. Based on the principle of GPRS based on GSM network packet switching or CDMA using coded sequence modulation signal, the data is wirelessly transmitted. At the same time, the wireless terminal antenna (suction cup type for rural rooftops, directional antenna on urban rooftop masts) is optimized to ensure good signal reception and achieve stable data transmission.

[0088] RTU data parsing and transmission: The RTU low-power monitoring and control terminal 18 (Xiamen Four-Faith F2X16 series for rural areas, Beijing Inhand IG902 series for urban areas) connects to the PLC via RS485 bus or industrial Ethernet (depending on the situation), identifies and parses the PLC data format, extracts key information according to the Modbus protocol specification, and then converts it into a format that the information platform can understand. The RTU and the information platform system use fiber optic (primary), full-network 4G (backup) communication (urban projects) or fiber optic communication (rural projects) to efficiently transmit data to the county-level water conservancy bureau and regional water conservancy information platform. It supports multi-center communication, timed transmission, and protocol customization to ensure the comprehensiveness and timeliness of remote monitoring. Maintenance personnel can remotely view water supply details through computers and mobile terminals.

[0089] Anomaly warning and handling process: PLC anomaly monitoring. During continuous data acquisition and analysis, the PLC compares various water quality parameters (such as pH value should be between 6.5 and 8.5, dissolved oxygen not less than 2 mg / L, residual chlorine not less than 0.05 mg / L), water volume, water pressure and preset normal range values ​​in real time. Once the data deviates from the normal range, the warning mechanism is immediately triggered.

[0090] Early warning information is issued and simultaneously transmitted through multiple means. The PLC can directly control the on-site audible and visual alarm devices to emit sound and light warnings; at the same time, it sends SMS notifications to the mobile phones of relevant maintenance personnel to inform them of the abnormality details; the information platform system also pops up an alert box on the monitoring interface, which clearly marks the abnormal parameters, time of occurrence, and location information to ensure that maintenance personnel receive the early warning in a comprehensive manner.

[0091] For anomaly troubleshooting and handling, after receiving the alert, maintenance personnel respond quickly. First, they check the sensor's working status, review calibration records, and test the sensor's accuracy with a solution. If the sensor is normal, they manually collect water samples and send them to the laboratory for analysis to investigate the cause of the water quality anomaly (water source pollution, process failure). For equipment failures (PLC, sensors, wireless terminals), they check the connection lines, power supply, hardware modules, and software programs based on the fault symptoms, repair or replace the faulty components, recalibrate the sensors, restore the equipment to normal operation, and ensure a safe and stable water supply.

[0092] Winter warmth protection process: Temperature monitoring and control. A wall-mounted graphene heating device 19 is installed inside the cabinet 1, and a thermostat 20 is installed above it. The thermostat 20 monitors the temperature inside the cabinet 1 in real time. When the temperature inside the cabinet 1 is lower than 5℃, the heating device automatically starts to heat the internal space of the cabinet 1. When the temperature inside the cabinet 1 is higher than 10℃, the heating device automatically stops to avoid overheating, thereby accurately maintaining a suitable temperature environment inside the cabinet 1.

[0093] To ensure the normal operation of the equipment, in the low-temperature environment of winter, the wall-mounted graphene heating device 19 ensures that the ambient temperature of the instruments and electrical components inside the box 1 is stable and suitable. This effectively prevents the increase of instrument measurement errors, the decline in the performance of electrical components or even damage that may be caused by low temperature. It ensures that the entire water quality monitoring equipment can still operate stably, accurately and continuously in the cold season, and provides reliable support for the water quality monitoring work of water supply projects.

[0094] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multifunctional water quality monitoring device for water supply projects, characterized in that: Includes a housing, inside which a water quality sampling unit is installed; The water quality acquisition unit includes an integrated stainless steel flow tank. An inlet pipe is installed at the bottom of the integrated stainless steel flow tank. A water pump is installed at the connection of the inlet pipe. A water inlet pipe is installed on the left side of the water pump. An overflow pipe is installed on the side wall of the integrated stainless steel flow tank. An empty pipe is installed at the bottom of the integrated stainless steel flow tank and on the right side of the inlet pipe. A sensor cluster is also installed inside the integrated stainless steel flow tank. The sensor cluster includes a pH sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a turbidity sensor, a conductivity sensor, a temperature sensor, and a residual chlorine sensor. An integrated data acquisition cabinet is installed above an integrated stainless steel flow tank. Inside, there is an instrument monitoring unit, which includes an instrument sensor. The instrument sensor is connected to a corresponding transmitter via a cable to realize data transmission. The data transmission unit includes a PLC programmable automatic controller, a GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal, and an RTU low-power measurement and control terminal.

2. The multifunctional water quality monitoring equipment for water supply projects as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The instrument monitoring unit's instrument sensors are connected to the water pump and sensor cluster circuit to control the water pump's operating parameters to regulate the water flow rate entering the integrated stainless steel flow tank, ensuring that the sensor cluster is in a suitable working environment for normal operation.

3. The multifunctional water quality monitoring equipment for water supply projects as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The PLC programmable automatic controller is used to collect various types of data from the instrument monitoring unit; The GPRS / CDMA wireless terminal is used in conjunction with a PLC programmable automatic controller.

4. The multifunctional water quality monitoring equipment for water supply projects as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The RTU low-power measurement and control terminal connects the PLC programmable automatic controller and the information platform system. It analyzes the data collected by the PLC programmable automatic controller and transmits the data to the information platform system through various communication methods, including fiber optic, network cable, full network 4G / 3G / 2G, covering mobile, Unicom, and Telecom networks, data transmission radio, and GPS. It also supports multi-center communication of 1-4 servers. Data transmission can be performed on a timed basis, and users can set the reporting frequency independently. It also supports hydrological, water resource, and environmental protection protocols, and can be customized to develop transmission protocols according to needs.

5. The multifunctional water quality monitoring equipment for water supply projects as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Data collection methods are diverse, including: It uses RS232 / RS485 serial port output data acquisition interface, which is suitable for data acquisition from devices such as flow meters and digital display meters. AI-based analog signal acquisition for data acquisition in level gauges and pressure gauges; The PI pulse signal can be used to collect data from pulse water and electricity meter devices. The data acquisition unit (DI) is used to collect status information of manhole covers and float switches.

6. The multifunctional water quality monitoring equipment for water supply projects as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The water quality acquisition unit, instrument monitoring unit, and data transmission unit are integrated into the same enclosure. A wall-mounted graphene heating device is installed inside the enclosure. A thermostat is located above the wall-mounted graphene heating device. When the temperature inside the enclosure is below 5°C, the heating device automatically starts. When the temperature inside the enclosure is above 10°C, the heating device automatically stops operating.

7. A multifunctional water quality monitoring device for water supply projects as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The automatic early warning function of the PLC programmable controller specifically includes: Instrument data anomaly warning is triggered when the data monitored by the instrument exceeds the preset normal data range; Sensor data anomaly warning: When the data collected by the sensor does not conform to the normal data characteristics or exceeds the normal threshold, a warning is issued. Instrument and equipment fault warning: The warning is activated when the instrument or the connected equipment experiences a hardware or communication failure. Low battery voltage warning: When the battery voltage supplying the system drops to a set low threshold, an alarm is issued to ensure the safety and reliability of system operation.

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