Mine underground debris flow disaster risk analysis test device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of mineral engineering, and particularly discloses a mine underground debris flow disaster risk analysis test device. A debris flow material bin I and a debris flow material bin II of the device are arranged in parallel, a migration channel I is arranged on one side of the debris flow material bin I, a migration channel II is arranged between the adjacent debris flow material bin I and the adjacent debris flow material bin II, a migration channel III is arranged on one side of the debris flow material bin II, and the side walls, facing the migration channels, of the debris flow material bin I and the debris flow bin II are provided with a plurality of inlet junctions at intervals. The sensor monitoring units are arranged in the debris flow material bins I and II and the migration channels I, II and III respectively, the high-speed image acquisition unit is arranged on the outer side of the migration channel III, and the high-speed image acquisition unit and the sensor monitoring units are electrically connected with the computer. According to the utility model, the pressure, impact force, acceleration and flow state characteristics of debris flow are monitored in real time by combining the sensors and image acquisition, the dynamic migration process of underground debris flow can be accurately simulated, and the device has the characteristics of flexible structure, comprehensive data and high experiment repeatability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of mining engineering technology, specifically relating to a mine underground debris flow hazard analysis test device with flexible structure, comprehensive data, and high experimental repeatability. Background Technology

[0002] Debris flows in mines are a major hidden danger to mine safety due to their suddenness and destructive power. During their movement underground, debris flows can cause enormous impact and damage to roadways, support structures, equipment, and facilities, and may even trigger secondary disasters, seriously threatening the safety of underground production personnel and equipment, and causing huge economic losses and safety risks to mining enterprises.

[0003] Currently, research on underground debris flow hazards mainly relies on two methods: field observation and numerical simulation. While field observation can obtain actual disaster data, it is limited by the complex geological conditions underground and the limitations of observation methods, making it difficult to comprehensively and systematically capture the dynamic process of underground debris flows and their destructive effects on the surrounding environment. Furthermore, due to the dangerous and uncontrollable underground environment, field observation is difficult to implement, resulting in high data acquisition costs. Numerical simulation methods simulate the transport process of underground debris flows using computer models. While it can predict the movement patterns of debris flows to some extent, the accuracy of the results is highly dependent on the precision of the model parameters and the setting of boundary conditions. The formation and transport of underground debris flows involve complex problems such as multiphase flow and non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, making it difficult for existing numerical simulations to fully reflect the actual physical characteristics of underground debris flows, especially their impact force and destructive effects on tunnel structures, thus limiting their application.

[0004] Therefore, developing an experimental device capable of simulating the occurrence process of underground debris flow disasters in the laboratory to obtain data on the formation and transport process of underground debris flows is of great significance for the study of underground debris flow disasters. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the challenges of high difficulty in conducting on-site observations of debris flow disasters in mines and the high cost of data acquisition in existing technologies, as well as the fact that numerical simulation methods are highly dependent on model parameters and boundary conditions and cannot reflect the complex physical characteristics of debris flows, this invention provides a mine underground debris flow disaster hazard analysis test device that is structurally flexible, provides comprehensive data, and has high experimental repeatability.

[0006] This utility model relates to a mine underground debris flow hazard analysis and testing device, implemented as follows: It includes a debris flow material silo I, a debris flow material silo II, a transport channel I, a transport channel II, a transport channel III, a high-speed image acquisition unit, and a sensor monitoring unit. The debris flow material silos I and II are arranged parallel to each other at intervals. The transport channel I is fixedly located on the side of debris flow material silo I away from debris flow material silo II. The transport channel II is fixedly located between adjacent debris flow material silos I and II. The transport channel III... A fixed installation is provided on the side of debris flow material silo II away from debris flow material silo I. Several inlets are provided at intervals on the side walls of debris flow material silo I and debris flow material silo II facing the transport channel. The sensor monitoring unit is fixedly installed inside debris flow material silo I, debris flow material silo II, transport channel I, transport channel II and transport channel III respectively. The high-speed image acquisition unit is located on the outside of transport channel III with the camera facing transport channel III. The high-speed image acquisition unit and each sensor monitoring unit are electrically connected to a computer.

[0007] Furthermore, the cross-sections of transport channels I, II, and III are all rectangular, C-shaped, or U-shaped open structures, and both ends of transport channels I, II, and III are open structures.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer walls of the debris flow material silo I and debris flow material silo II are each equipped with an adjustment plate at each inlet. The adjustment plate includes a slot, an inlet baffle, and a baffle handle. The slots are vertically fixed to the outer walls on both sides of each inlet. The inlet baffle can slide up and down and is locked in the slots on both sides to seal the corresponding inlet. The baffle handle is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the inlet baffle.

[0009] Furthermore, the sensor monitoring unit includes pressure sensor I, pressure sensor II, impact force sensor I, impact force sensor II, acceleration sensor I, acceleration sensor II, a data acquisition unit, and a data connection cable.

[0010] Pressure sensor I is installed at the center of the bottom of debris flow material silo I, and pressure sensor II is installed at the center of the bottom of debris flow material silo II, for monitoring pressure changes inside the debris flow material silo.

[0011] The impact force sensor I is installed at one end of the transport channel I, and the impact force sensor II is installed at the other end of the transport channel II away from the impact force sensor I. They are used to monitor the dynamic changes in the impact force of debris flow flowing out from a single inlet and flowing out from both inlets at the same time.

[0012] The acceleration sensor I is installed at the bottom of the end of the transport channel I away from the impact sensor I, and the acceleration sensor II is installed at the bottom of the end of the transport channel II away from the impact sensor II. They are used to monitor the dynamic changes in acceleration of debris flow flowing out from a single inlet and flowing out from both inlets simultaneously.

[0013] The pressure sensor I, pressure sensor II, impact force sensor I, impact force sensor II, acceleration sensor I, and acceleration sensor II are electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument via data connection cables, and the data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the computer via data connection cables.

[0014] Furthermore, the sensing surfaces of the accelerometer I and the accelerometer II face their respective debris flow transport directions and are parallel to each other; a pad is placed below each of the accelerometer I and the accelerometer II, and the accelerometer I and the accelerometer II are respectively fixed to the bottom of the corresponding transport channel I and transport channel II by fixing clips.

[0015] Furthermore, the high-speed image acquisition unit includes at least one high-speed image acquisition instrument, with each high-speed image acquisition instrument placed at intervals on the ground outside the transport channel III and the camera tilted downwards and aimed at the transport channel III to capture the debris flow transport process.

[0016] Furthermore, the inlets on both sides of the debris flow material silo I and debris flow material silo II facing the transport channel II are staggered.

[0017] Furthermore, the debris flow material silo I is provided with inlets IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID at intervals on the side wall facing the transport channel II, and the debris flow material silo II is provided with inlets IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, and IIID at intervals on the side wall facing the transport channel II. Inlets IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID are respectively offset from inlets IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, and IIID.

[0018] Furthermore, the debris flow material silo I is provided with inlets IA, IB, IC, and ID at intervals on the side wall facing the transport channel I, and the debris flow material silo II is provided with inlets IVA, IVB, IVC, and IDD at intervals on the side wall facing the transport channel III.

[0019] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. This utility model sets up two debris flow material bins and cleverly sets up transport channels I, II, and III, along with corresponding inlets. Combined with pressure, impact, and acceleration sensors and a high-speed image acquisition unit, it achieves integrated monitoring of "flow state, mechanics, and dynamics." This allows for real-time monitoring of pressure, impact, acceleration, and flow characteristics during debris flows, accurately simulating the dynamic transport process of underground debris flows. It also analyzes the impact of different material ratios, concentrations, and ore discharge methods on the hazard of debris flows. Ultimately, it provides a scientific basis for in-depth research on the transport patterns and hazard analysis of underground debris flows, solving the problems of high difficulty in implementing on-site observation of underground debris flow disasters and high data acquisition costs, while numerical simulation methods are highly dependent on model parameters and boundary conditions and struggle to reflect the complex physical characteristics of debris flows.

[0021] 2. This utility model, through its modular design of dual material bins and a three-way transport channel, combined with an adjustable inlet layout, can accurately reproduce underground debris flow scenarios involving single-sided impact, double-sided counter-impact, and complex paths. In particular, the staggered inlets on both sides of transport channel II prevent the debris flow from forming convection, thereby simulating the dynamic impact effect at the intersection of roadway branches and significantly improving the engineering accuracy of the laboratory scenario.

[0022] 3. The innovative slot-type adjustment plate of this utility model can support precise control of the opening and closing status and opening sequence of the entrance, thereby enabling systematic research on key parameters such as debris flow triggering threshold and path evolution law, and providing high-confidence calibration data for numerical models.

[0023] In summary, this invention effectively solves the industry pain points of uncontrollable on-site observation and high distortion of numerical simulation through physical simulation, and provides a breakthrough technical means for the study of the disaster mechanism of debris flow in mines. It has the characteristics of flexible structure, comprehensive data and high experimental repeatability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A top view of the debris flow material storage and transport channel;

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 MM-directed sectional view;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting plate structure of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the accelerometer sensor mounting structure of this utility model;

[0029] In the diagram, 1-Debris flow material silo I, 2-Debris flow material silo II, 3-Transfer channel I, 4-Transfer channel II, 5-Transfer channel III, 6-High-speed image acquisition instrument, 7-Sensor monitoring unit, 71-Pressure sensor I, 72-Pressure sensor II, 73-Impact force sensor I, 74-Impact force sensor II, 75-Acceleration sensor I, 76-Acceleration sensor II, 77-Data acquisition instrument, 78-Data connection cable, 79- Gasket, 7A-Fixing strip, 8-Entrance, 81-Entrance IA, 82-Entrance IB, 83-Entrance IC, 84-Entrance ID, 85-Entrance IIA, 86-Entrance IIB, 87-Entrance IIC, 88-Entrance IID, 89-Entrance IIIA, 8A-Entrance IIIB, 8B-Entrance IIIC, 8C-Entrance IIID, 9-Adjusting plate, 91-Slot, 92-Entrance baffle, 93-Baffle handle. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this does not limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this utility model includes a debris flow material silo I1, a debris flow material silo II2, a transport channel I3, a transport channel II4, a transport channel III5, a high-speed image acquisition unit, and a sensor monitoring unit 7. The debris flow material silos I1 and II2 are arranged parallel to each other at intervals. The transport channel I3 is fixedly located on the side of debris flow material silo I1 away from debris flow material silo II2, used to simulate the transport of debris flow from a single-sided inlet 8. The transport channel II4 is fixedly located between adjacent debris flow material silos I1 and II2, used to simulate the transport of debris flow from both inlets 8 simultaneously. The transport channel Ⅲ5 is fixedly installed on the side of debris flow material silo Ⅱ2 away from debris flow material silo Ⅰ1. Several inlets 8 are provided at intervals on the side walls of debris flow material silo Ⅰ1 and debris flow material silo Ⅱ2 facing the transport channel. The sensor monitoring units 7 are fixedly installed inside debris flow material silo Ⅰ1, debris flow material silo Ⅱ2, transport channel Ⅰ3, transport channel Ⅱ4 and transport channel Ⅲ5 respectively. The high-speed image acquisition unit is installed on the outside of transport channel Ⅲ5 and the camera is facing transport channel Ⅲ5. The high-speed image acquisition unit and each sensor monitoring unit 7 are electrically connected to the computer.

[0032] The cross-sections of transport channels I3, II4, and III5 are all rectangular, C-shaped, or U-shaped open structures, and both ends of transport channels I3, II4, and III5 are open structures.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, the outer walls of the debris flow material silo I1 and debris flow material silo II2 are also equipped with adjustment plates 9 at each inlet 8. The adjustment plate 9 includes a slot 91, an inlet baffle 92, and a baffle handle 93. The slots 91 are vertically fixed to the outer walls on both sides of each inlet 8. The inlet baffle 92 can slide up and down and is locked in the slots 91 on both sides to seal the corresponding inlet 8. The baffle handle 93 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the inlet baffle 92.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the sensor monitoring unit 7 includes pressure sensor I 71, pressure sensor II 72, impact force sensor I 73, impact force sensor II 74, acceleration sensor I 75, acceleration sensor II 76, data acquisition unit 77, and data connection cable 78.

[0035] The pressure sensor I71 is located at the center of the bottom of the debris flow material silo I1, and the pressure sensor II72 is located at the center of the bottom of the debris flow material silo II2, for monitoring the pressure changes inside the debris flow material silo.

[0036] The impact force sensor I73 is installed at one end of the bottom of the transport channel I3, and the impact force sensor II74 is installed at one end of the transport channel II4 away from the impact force sensor I73. They are used to monitor the dynamic changes in the impact force of the debris flow flowing out from a single-sided inlet 8 and flowing out from both inlets 8 at the same time.

[0037] The acceleration sensor I75 is located at the bottom of one end of the transport channel I3 away from the impact sensor I73, and the acceleration sensor II76 is located at the bottom of one end of the transport channel II4 away from the impact sensor II74, respectively, to monitor the dynamic changes in acceleration of the debris flow flowing out from one side entrance 8 and simultaneously flowing out from both sides entrance 8.

[0038] The pressure sensor I 71, pressure sensor II 72, impact force sensor I 73, impact force sensor II 74, acceleration sensor I 75, and acceleration sensor II 76 are electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument 77 via data connection cable 78, and the data acquisition instrument 77 is electrically connected to the computer via data connection cable 78.

[0039] like Figure 5As shown, the sensing surfaces of the accelerometer I 75 and the accelerometer II 76 face their respective debris flow transport directions and are parallel to each other; a pad 79 is placed below each of the accelerometer I 75 and the accelerometer II 76; the accelerometer I 75 and the accelerometer II 76 are respectively fixed to the bottom of the corresponding transport channel I 3 and transport channel II 4 by fixing clips 7A.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the high-speed image acquisition unit includes at least one high-speed image acquisition instrument 6. Each high-speed image acquisition instrument 6 is placed at intervals on the ground outside the transport channel Ⅲ5, and the camera is tilted downwards and aimed at the transport channel Ⅲ5 to capture the debris flow transport process.

[0041] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the two inlets 8 on the side walls of the debris flow material silo I1 and debris flow material silo II2 facing the transport channel II4 are staggered.

[0042] The debris flow material silo I1 has inlets IIA85, IIB86, IIC87, and IID88 spaced apart on its side wall facing the transport channel II4. The debris flow material silo II2 has inlets IIIA89, IIIB8A, IIIC8B, and IIID8C spaced apart on its side wall facing the transport channel II4. Inlets IIA85, IIB86, IIC87, and IID88 are respectively offset from inlets IIIA89, IIIB8A, IIIC8B, and IIID8C.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the debris flow material silo I1 has inlets IA81, IB82, IC83, and ID84 spaced apart on its side wall facing the transport channel I3, and the debris flow material silo II2 has inlets IVA, IVB, IVC, and IDD spaced apart on its side wall facing the transport channel III5.

[0044] The working principle and process of this utility model:

[0045] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the experimental procedure is as follows:

[0046] 1. Place the test apparatus horizontally on the ground or a table. Then, place the high-speed image acquisition instrument 6 horizontally outside the transport channel Ⅲ5, ensuring that the height of the high-speed image acquisition instrument 6 is slightly higher than the highest point of the apparatus to achieve the best shooting angle. Adjust the operating parameters of each sensor and data acquisition instrument 77 according to their requirements to ensure they are in working order. Close the inlet baffles 92 at each inlet 8 to create enclosed spaces in both debris flow material silos Ⅰ1 and Ⅱ2.

[0047] 2. Prepare debris flow slurry according to the experimental plan, and then fill the prepared slurry into debris flow material bins I1 and II2 respectively. The slurry level should reach at least 3 / 4 of the bin height to ensure the continuity and stability of the debris flow during the experiment. The slurry filling process should be completed within 5 minutes to avoid segregation or stratification due to prolonged settling time.

[0048] 3. According to the experimental design, slide the corresponding inlet baffle 92 upwards to open the corresponding inlet 8 (the inlet baffle 92 must slide upwards simultaneously to ensure that the debris flow material enters the corresponding transport channel evenly from the material bin). Simultaneously, collect corresponding data and images using pressure sensors, impact sensors, acceleration sensors, and the high-speed image acquisition instrument 6. Specifically, sliding the inlet baffle 92 upwards to open half of the inlet 8 can simulate a small amount of debris flow entering the mine roadway; sliding the inlet baffle 92 upwards to fully open the inlet 8 can simulate a large amount of debris flow entering the mine roadway. Opening the inlet 8 only intermittently on the same side (e.g., opening inlet IA81 and inlet IC83, and closing inlet IB82 and inlet ID84) can simulate a small amount of debris flow intermittently entering the mine roadway from the ore discharge outlet; opening all inlet 8 on the same side can simulate a large amount of debris flow simultaneously entering the roadway.

[0049] 4. After the debris flow has completely stopped moving, data acquisition is stopped and uploaded to the computer. The computer processes and analyzes the images and data, extracting the flow characteristics, deposition morphology, and transport patterns of the debris flow, and analyzing the velocity distribution and flow field characteristics. Pressure sensor data is processed and analyzed to assess the mechanical impact of the debris flow on the bottom structure of the ore discharge tunnel; impact force sensor data is processed and analyzed to assess the impact of the debris flow on the tunnel structure; and acceleration sensor data is processed and analyzed to assess the acceleration changes during the debris flow's movement. This allows for the study of the variation patterns of physical parameters (such as impact force and acceleration) in debris flows of different concentrations and ratios.

[0050] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A test device for analyzing the hazard of debris flow disasters in underground mines, characterized in that: The system includes debris flow material silo I (1), debris flow material silo II (2), transport channel I (3), transport channel II (4), transport channel III (5), a high-speed image acquisition unit, and a sensor monitoring unit (7). The debris flow material silo I (1) and debris flow material silo II (2) are arranged parallel to each other at intervals. The transport channel I (3) is fixedly located on the side of debris flow material silo I (1) away from debris flow material silo II (2). The transport channel II (4) is fixedly located between adjacent debris flow material silos I (1) and debris flow material silos II (2). The transport channel III (5) is fixedly located between debris flow material silos II (2) and debris flow material silos II (2). On the side away from the debris flow material silo Ⅰ (1), the debris flow material silo Ⅰ (1) and debris flow material silo Ⅱ (2) are provided with several inlets (8) at intervals on the side walls facing the transport channel. The sensor monitoring unit (7) is fixedly installed inside the debris flow material silo Ⅰ (1), debris flow material silo Ⅱ (2), transport channel Ⅰ (3), transport channel Ⅱ (4) and transport channel Ⅲ (5). The high-speed image acquisition unit is set outside the transport channel Ⅲ (5) and the camera is facing the transport channel Ⅲ (5). The high-speed image acquisition unit and each sensor monitoring unit (7) are electrically connected to the computer.

2. The mine underground debris flow hazard analysis and testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sections of the transport channels I (3), II (4) and III (5) are all rectangular, "C" shaped or "U" shaped open structures, and both ends of the transport channels I (3), II (4) and III (5) are open structures.

3. The mine underground debris flow hazard analysis and testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer walls of the debris flow material silo I (1) and debris flow material silo II (2) are also provided with adjustment plates (9) at each inlet (8). The adjustment plate (9) includes a slot (91), an inlet baffle (92), and a baffle handle (93). The slots (91) are vertically fixed to the outer walls on both sides of each inlet (8). The inlet baffle (92) can slide up and down and is locked in the slots (91) on both sides and can seal the corresponding inlet (8). The baffle handle (93) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the inlet baffle (92).

4. The mine underground debris flow hazard analysis and testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sensor monitoring unit (7) includes pressure sensor I (71), pressure sensor II (72), impact force sensor I (73), impact force sensor II (74), acceleration sensor I (75), acceleration sensor II (76), data acquisition instrument (77), and data connection cable (78). The pressure sensor I (71) is located at the center of the bottom of the debris flow material silo I (1), and the pressure sensor II (72) is located at the center of the bottom of the debris flow material silo II (2) to monitor the pressure changes inside the debris flow material silo. The impact force sensor I (73) is set at the bottom of one end of the transport channel I (3), and the impact force sensor II (74) is set at the bottom of the other end of the transport channel II (4) away from the impact force sensor I (73), respectively, to monitor the dynamic changes in the impact force of the debris flow flowing out from one side entrance (8) and from both sides entrance (8) at the same time; The acceleration sensor I (75) is located at the bottom of one end of the transport channel I (3) away from the impact force sensor I (73), and the acceleration sensor II (76) is located at the bottom of one end of the transport channel II (4) away from the impact force sensor II (74), respectively, to monitor the dynamic changes in acceleration of the debris flow flowing out from one side entrance (8) and both sides entrance (8) flowing out simultaneously; The pressure sensor I (71), pressure sensor II (72), impact force sensor I (73), impact force sensor II (74), acceleration sensor I (75) and acceleration sensor II (76) are electrically connected to the data acquisition instrument (77) via data connection line (78), and the data acquisition instrument (77) is electrically connected to the computer via data connection line (78).

5. The mine underground debris flow hazard analysis and testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sensing surfaces of the accelerometer I (75) and accelerometer II (76) face their respective debris flow transport directions and are parallel to each other; a pad (79) is placed below each of the accelerometer I (75) and accelerometer II (76); the accelerometer I (75) and accelerometer II (76) are fixed to the bottom of the corresponding transport channels I (3) and II (4) by fixing clips (7A).

6. The mine underground debris flow hazard analysis and testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The high-speed image acquisition unit includes at least one high-speed image acquisition instrument (6). Each high-speed image acquisition instrument (6) is placed at intervals on the ground outside the transport channel III (5) with the camera tilted downwards and aimed at the transport channel III (5) to capture the debris flow transport process.

7. The mine underground debris flow hazard analysis and testing device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The entrances (8) on both sides of the debris flow material silo I (1) and debris flow material silo II (2) facing the transport channel II (4) are staggered.

8. The mine underground debris flow hazard analysis test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The debris flow material silo I (1) is provided with inlets IIA (85), IIB (86), IIC (87), and IID (88) at intervals on the side wall facing the transport channel II (4). The debris flow material silo II (2) is provided with inlets IIIA (89), IIIB (8A), IIIC (8B), and IIID (8C) at intervals on the side wall facing the transport channel II (4). The inlets IIA (85), IIB (86), IIC (87), and IID (88) are respectively offset from the inlets IIIA (89), IIIB (8A), IIIC (8B), and IIID (8C).

9. The mine underground debris flow hazard analysis and testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The debris flow material silo I (1) has inlets IA (81), IB (82), IC (83), and ID (84) spaced apart on its side wall facing the transport channel I (3), and the debris flow material silo II (2) has inlets VA, IVB, IVC, and IDN spaced apart on its side wall facing the transport channel III (5).

Images