Quick replacement structure for battery of electric vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a structure for quickly replacing a battery of an electric automobile, relates to the technical field of battery replacement of the electric automobile, and solves the problems of low battery replacement efficiency, poor positioning accuracy, complicated operation and insufficient adaptability of the conventional battery replacement device. A quick battery replacing structure of an electric vehicle comprises a battery bin base, a sliding guide mechanism, a quick locking device, an electric connection module, a ground guide rail and a battery replacing device. The tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating and the graphite self-lubricating bearing are adopted on the surface of the guide rail, so that the guide precision is improved by reducing frictional loss; a 35-degree expansion angle horn mouth guide groove and a polyurethane anti-scraping layer are arranged, so that the positioning deviation is reduced through physical guide and protection; a multi-mode locking scheme of an electromagnetic lock and infrared induction locking is innovatively adopted, and efficient, accurate and expandable battery rapid replacement is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to electric automobile battery replacement technical field, and more exactly relates to a kind of electric automobile battery quick replacement structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] Electric automobile battery quick replacement structure is widely applied, and through the cooperation of sliding guide mechanism and locking device, the positioning, installation and electrical connection of battery are efficiently controlled, to help users to realize the quick replacement of electric automobile battery;Through electric automobile battery quick replacement structure, users can complete the accurate alignment and reliable fixation of battery in battery replacement station or mobile battery replacement scene.

[0003] Overall, electric automobile battery quick replacement structure has many advantages, however, the prior art also has some disadvantages and drawbacks, including the following aspects:

[0004] 1, low battery replacement efficiency, the existing battery replacement device relies on manual operation or single mechanical positioning in battery alignment and locking link, leading to long replacement time and poor fault tolerance;

[0005] 2, positioning accuracy is insufficient, traditional guide rail system is prone to sliding block jamming due to wear or deformation, causing battery and electrical connection module to be misaligned, affecting electrical safety;

[0006] 3, high operation complexity, existing locking device needs manual operation or special tool, which is difficult to meet the rapid response needs of automatic battery replacement scene;

[0007] In summary, the existing battery quick replacement structure still needs to be improved in positioning accuracy, operation efficiency and multi-model compatibility, and the mechanical guide, intelligent locking and modular expansion technology need to be continuously optimized to improve the battery replacement speed and reliability and enhance the system adaptation ability in complex scenarios. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0008] The utility model aims at: in order to realize the efficiency, accuracy and multi-model adaptability of electric automobile battery replacement, and a kind of electric automobile battery quick replacement structure is proposed, which is designed by the quick alignment of the trumpet mouth guide slot of battery compartment base and sliding block, the automatic tolerance mechanism of elastic lock pin and floating plug, and the flexible expansion scheme of modular segmented ground guide rail, to solve the problems of low battery replacement efficiency, large positioning deviation and insufficient compatibility in the prior art.

[0009] In order to realize the above technical effects, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] An electric automobile battery quick replacement structure, comprising:

[0011] Ground rail, laid on the ground of the battery swap area, extending along the direction of vehicle travel;

[0012] Battery swap device, connected with the ground rail through the bottom slide, the bottom slide is embedded in the sliding groove of the ground rail, so that the battery swap device can move along the rail to different positions of the vehicle body;

[0013] Battery compartment base, fixed on the battery swap device, provided with a containing groove matched with the shape of the battery;

[0014] Sliding guide mechanism, including parallel rails provided on both sides of the battery compartment base, and a sliding block provided on the bottom of the battery and matched with the rails, the front end of the rail is provided with a horn-shaped guide slot expanding outward;

[0015] Quick locking device, including an elastic locking pin provided on the contact surface of the battery and the battery compartment base, and a lock hole provided at the corresponding position of the battery compartment base, the elastic locking pin automatically pops into the lock hole when the battery is pushed into place;

[0016] Electric connection module, including a floating plug provided on the battery and a conical guide sleeve provided on the battery compartment base, the conical guide sleeve allows the floating plug to deviate by ±5mm.

[0017] Further description of the above technical solutions:

[0018] The surface of the parallel rails on both sides of the battery compartment base is provided with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating, and the sliding block is embedded with a graphite self-lubricating bearing.

[0019] Further description of the above technical solutions:

[0020] The quick locking device is replaced by an electromagnetic lock, the electromagnetic lock is triggered by a vehicle-mounted control button to lock and release, and the lock hole is embedded with a magnetic induction switch.

[0021] Further description of the above technical solutions:

[0022] The parallel rails of the sliding guide mechanism are replaced by a roller track system, the roller track system is composed of two rows of stainless steel rollers, and the distance between the rollers is matched with the width of the battery sliding block.

[0023] Further description of the above technical solutions:

[0024] The quick locking device is additionally provided with an infrared sensor and an electric push rod lock, when the infrared sensor detects that the battery reaches directly below the lock hole, the electric push rod lock is driven to insert into the lock hole.

[0025] Further description of the above technical solutions:

[0026] The horn mouth guide groove has an expansion angle of 35 degrees, and the inner wall of the groove is pasted with a polyurethane anti-scratching layer with a thickness of 2-3 mm.

[0027] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0028] The ground guide rail is a segmented modular structure, and the length of a single guide rail is 1.5 m, and adjacent guide rails are connected through quick-release buckles to allow transverse expansion or longitudinal extension.

[0029] The utility model positively beneficial technical effect lies in: the utility model discloses a compound technical scheme of sliding guide mechanism and quick locking device, and effectively realizes quick and accurate positioning and automatic locking of the battery;Adopting the deviation tolerance design of the floating plug and the conical guide sleeve, combining the infrared sensor and the electric push rod lock, automatically executing redundant locking and dynamic adjustment action, realizing self-adaptive compensation within the range of ±5mm of the contact deviation of the electric connection module;Supporting transverse expansion or longitudinal extension through the quick-release buckle connection of the segmented modular ground guide rail;Through the synergistic application of the tungsten carbide wear-resistant plating layer and the graphite self-lubricating bearing, a low-friction high-wear-resistant running environment is provided, and the continuous stable operation state of the equipment under high-frequency battery replacement working conditions is ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a whole structure diagram of the utility model of a kind of electric vehicle battery quick replacement structure;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a horn mouth guide groove of the utility model of a kind of electric vehicle battery quick replacement structure;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a quick locking device of the utility model of a kind of electric vehicle battery quick replacement structure;

[0033] Figure 4 It is an electric push rod lock of the utility model of a kind of electric vehicle battery quick replacement structure;

[0034] In the drawing: battery compartment base-101, parallel guide rail-102, horn mouth guide groove-103, lock hole-104, battery-201, sliding block-202, elastic lock pin-203, floating plug-204, electromagnetic lock-205, ground guide rail-301, bottom slide-302. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The preferred embodiments of the utility model are described below in conjunction with the drawings, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the utility model, and are not used to limit the utility model.

[0036] As Figures 1-4 shown, a kind of electric vehicle battery quick replacement structure.

[0037] A quick battery replacement structure for electric vehicles, comprising:

[0038] A ground rail 301 is laid on the ground of the battery replacement area and extends along the direction of vehicle travel.

[0039] A battery replacement device is connected to the ground rail 301 through a bottom slide 302, which is embedded in the slide groove of the ground rail 301, so that the battery replacement device can move along the rail to different positions of the vehicle body.

[0040] A battery compartment base 101 is fixed to the battery replacement device and is provided with a containing groove matching the shape of the battery.

[0041] A sliding guide mechanism includes parallel rails 102 on both sides of the battery compartment base 101 and a sliding block 202 on the bottom of the battery 201 cooperating with the rails 102, and the front end of the rail 102 is provided with a horn mouth guide groove 103 expanding outward.

[0042] A quick locking device includes a resilient locking pin 203 on the contact surface of the battery 201 and the battery compartment base 101, and a lock hole 104 on the corresponding position of the battery compartment base 101, and the resilient locking pin 203 automatically pops into the lock hole 104 when the battery is pushed into place.

[0043] An electrical connection module includes a floating plug 204 on the battery 201 and a conical guide sleeve on the battery compartment base 101, which allows the floating plug 204 to deviate by ±5mm.

[0044] In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, this structure is described in detail from the aspects of structure design and function implementation, and its technical advantages are highlighted.

[0045] I. Optimization for low battery replacement efficiency

[0046] This quick battery replacement structure for electric vehicles significantly improves the battery replacement efficiency through multiple innovative designs. In the battery alignment process, the sliding guide mechanism plays a key role. The parallel rails 102 on both sides of the battery compartment base 101 are provided with horn mouth guide grooves 103 expanding outward at the front end. This unique guide structure can automatically guide the battery into the guide rail when the battery 201 is pushed in, greatly reducing the difficulty and time cost of manual alignment. At the same time, the sliding block 202 on the bottom of the battery cooperates with the guide rail to make the battery quickly and accurately enter the predetermined position.

[0047] In the locking link, the quick locking device uses a combination of elastic locking pins 203 and lock holes 104. When the battery 201 is pushed into place along the guide rail 102, the elastic locking pins 203 will automatically pop into the corresponding lock holes 104 of the battery compartment base 101, achieving quick and reliable locking without the need for manual operation or the use of special tools. The entire process can be completed within a few seconds, greatly shortening the battery replacement time and significantly improving the battery replacement efficiency compared to existing devices that rely on manual operation or single mechanical positioning. In addition, this automatic locking method also has high fault tolerance. Even if there is a certain angle or position deviation during the battery pushing process, the elastic locking pins can still effectively complete the locking, ensuring stable installation of the battery.

[0048] II. Measures to solve the problem of insufficient positioning accuracy

[0049] To solve the problem of positioning accuracy caused by wear or deformation of the traditional guide rail system, the structure is optimized in the design of the guide rail and the sliding block. The ground guide rail 301 is made of high-strength wear-resistant material, combined with high-precision processing technology, to reduce the wear rate of the guide rail and prolong its service life. At the same time, the sliding block 302 at the bottom of the battery replacement device is embedded in the sliding groove of the ground guide rail 301. This embedded design not only effectively limits the lateral movement of the sliding block, reducing the risk of sliding block jamming caused by guide rail deformation, but also ensures the stability and accuracy of the battery replacement device when moving along the guide rail.

[0050] In terms of the connection between the battery and the electrical connection module, the design of the electrical connection module fully considers the problem of positioning deviation. The floating plug 204 on the battery 201 and the conical guide sleeve on the battery compartment base 101 allow the floating plug 204 to deviate by ±5mm during insertion. Even in the case of slight wear of the guide rail or other factors causing a certain deviation in the battery position, the floating plug can still be accurately inserted under the guidance of the conical guide sleeve, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection and effectively avoiding the problem of affecting electrical safety due to deviation.

[0051] III. Design to reduce operation complexity

[0052] The design of this structure fully considers the needs of automatic battery replacement scenarios and effectively reduces operation complexity. The automatic locking mechanism of the elastic locking pins 203 and the lock holes 104 of the quick locking device completely eliminates the need for manual operation or the use of special tools, allowing the battery replacement process to be automated without excessive human intervention. The battery replacement device is connected to the ground guide rail 301 through the sliding block 302 at the bottom, allowing it to move along the guide rail to different positions on the vehicle body. This flexible movement mode, combined with an automatic control system, can automatically adjust the position of the battery replacement device according to the battery position requirements of different vehicle models, achieving adaptation to multiple vehicle models without the need for complex operation adjustments for different vehicle models.

[0053] Meanwhile, the whole quick replacement structure is simple in design, and the cooperation between various components is close and reasonable, so that the convenience is high during installation, debugging or daily maintenance, the working difficulty and operation complexity of the operator are reduced, the demand of the automatic battery replacement scene can be quickly responded, and the overall operation efficiency of the battery replacement system is improved.

[0054] The above describes the overcoming scheme of the electric vehicle battery quick replacement structure to the drawbacks of the prior art. The specific technical content of the utility model will be described below.

[0055] Further, the parallel guide rails 102 on both sides of the battery compartment base 101 are provided with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating, and the sliding block 202 is embedded with a graphite self-lubricating bearing.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, the parallel guide rails 102 on both sides of the battery compartment base 101 are pretreated: the surface is cleaned by sandblasting process, and the roughness is controlled to be Ra3.2-6.3μm. A tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating is deposited on the surface of the guide rail 102 by high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF) process, the thickness is 0.2-0.3mm, the hardness is ≥1200HV, the porosity of the coating is <1%, and the surface is polished to Ra0.4μm. A rectangular groove is formed in the sliding contact surface of the sliding block 202, and a graphite self-lubricating bearing is embedded. The bearing is pressed into the groove of the sliding block 202 by interference fit, oil storage micropores are formed on the surface of the bearing, and high-temperature lubricating grease is pre-filled.

[0057]

[0058] As shown in Table 1, the utility model can resist the wear and tear of battery loading and unloading.

[0059] Further, the quick locking device is replaced by an electromagnetic lock 205, the electromagnetic lock 205 is triggered to lock and release through a vehicle-mounted control button, and a magnetic induction switch is embedded in the lock hole 104.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, the electromagnetic lock 205 is fixed to the lock hole 104 side wall of the battery compartment base 101 by bolts, and the lock tongue axis is aligned with the center of the lock hole 104. The lock tongue is made of hardened stainless steel, and the head is designed as a 15° bevel, which realizes self-centering when cooperating with the lock pin 203 of the battery 201. A magnetic induction switch Honeywell SS41 is embedded in the bottom of the lock hole 104 and fixed by epoxy resin pouring, the distance between the induction surface and the end of the lock tongue is 2-3mm; the signal line of the induction switch is connected to the vehicle-mounted control unit, when the lock tongue is fully inserted into the lock hole 104, a high-level signal (5V) is output, triggering the "lock ready" indicator light on the instrument panel.

[0061]

[0062] As shown in Table 2, the utility model can prolong the service life.

[0063] Further, the parallel guide rail 102 of the sliding guide mechanism is replaced by a roller track system 109, which is composed of two rows of stainless steel rollers 110, and the spacing of the rollers 110 is matched with the width of the battery slider 202.

[0064] In a specific embodiment, the original parallel guide rail 102 of the battery compartment base 101 is removed, and two rows of roller track systems 109 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the base, each row being composed of 12 stainless steel rollers 110, the diameter of the rollers being 50 mm, and the width being 15 mm; the rollers 110 are fixed in the mounting groove of the base 101 through a self-aligning bearing, the radial play of the bearing is ≤0.05 mm, which ensures that the rollers rotate flexibly and have no axial movement. The spacing of the two rows of rollers is calibrated using a laser range finder, so that it is matched with the width of the battery slider 202, and the tolerance is ±0.1 mm. The position of the single-sided roller group is fine-tuned by adjusting the bolts, and after locking, thread glue is applied to prevent loosening.

[0065]

[0066] As shown in Table 3, the utility model can reduce the consumption of manpower, and the battery compartment base 101 has a prominent technical effect.

[0067] Further, the quick locking device is additionally provided with an infrared sensor and an electric push rod lock. When the infrared sensor detects that the battery 201 reaches directly below the lock hole 104, the electric push rod lock is driven to insert into the lock hole 104.

[0068] In a specific embodiment, an infrared sensor Omron E3Z-T61 is symmetrically installed on both sides of the lock hole 104 of the battery compartment base 101, the spacing between the emission end and the receiving end is 50 mm, the detection beam diameter is ≤2 mm, the angle of the sensor is adjusted so that the beam axis is coincident with the center line of the lock hole 104, the detection distance is set to 25±0.5 mm, which corresponds to the critical position of the battery 201 lock pin 203 reaching directly below the lock hole 104. The electric push rod lock is vertically fixed above the lock hole 104, the deviation between the push rod axis and the center of the lock hole 104 is ≤±0.1 mm; a tungsten steel lock tongue is installed on the head of the push rod, and the end of the lock tongue is designed as a 5° guide cone surface, which forms a self-locking structure with the groove of the lock pin 203.

[0069]

[0070] As shown in Table 4, the utility model can accurately identify the battery in-place state, and has a prominent technical effect.

[0071] Further, the expansion angle of the horn mouth guide groove 103 is 35°, and a polyurethane anti-scratch layer with a thickness of 2-3 mm is pasted on the inner wall of the groove.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, a five-axis CNC machine tool is used to machine a flared guide groove 103 at the front end of the parallel guide rail 102 of the battery compartment base 101. The expansion angle of the groove is controlled, with a groove depth of 15mm and an inlet width of 50mm. A laser angle measuring instrument is used to verify the angle and ensure the symmetry of the guide grooves on both sides. A wear-resistant polyurethane sheet with a Shore hardness of A80 is selected and laser-cut according to the inner wall contour of the guide groove 103. A high-temperature resistant epoxy adhesive is pre-coated on the back. The inner wall of the guide groove 103 is sandblasted, cleaned, and then the polyurethane layer is pasted on. A pressure of 0.5MPa is applied and held for 30 minutes. After curing, the edges are trimmed to be flush with the groove opening.

[0073]

[0074] Table 5 illustrates that this utility model has strong control capabilities and outstanding technical effects.

[0075] Furthermore, the ground guide rail 301 has a segmented modular structure, with each segment being 1.5m long. Adjacent guide rails are connected by quick-release buckles 308, allowing for lateral expansion or longitudinal extension.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, the single-section ground guide rail 301 is made of extruded 6061-T6 aluminum alloy profile, 1.5m in length, with an "I"-shaped cross-section, an upper sliding groove width of 30±0.1mm, and a rack inside the lower sliding groove. Quick-release buckle mounting holes are pre-machined at both ends of the guide rail, with a hole spacing of 50mm. The quick-release buckles are cast from 304 stainless steel and include an eccentric cam locking mechanism and a guide pin. Locking / releasing is completed by rotating the operating handle 90°. When adjacent guide rails are mated, the guide pin is inserted into the pre-installed hole for positioning, and the cam locking mechanism applies an axial preload of ≥2000N to ensure minimal deviation in the straightness of the guide rail.

[0077]

[0078] Table 6 illustrates that this invention can reduce installation deviations and achieve high installation accuracy of the latch. Through the above implementation, this invention possesses outstanding technical features.

[0079] With specific examples, the process of battery quick replacement for electric vehicles is sorted out. From the moment the vehicle enters the battery replacement area to the moment the vehicle leaves after the battery replacement is completed, the entire working process is clearly presented. When the electric vehicle enters the battery replacement area, first, the battery replacement device slides along the ground rail 301 through the bottom slide 302, and automatically moves to the corresponding point according to the installation position of the vehicle battery. The segmented modular structure of the ground rail 301 can flexibly adapt to the battery replacement needs of different vehicle models. The quick-release buckle connection design facilitates the lateral expansion or longitudinal extension of the rail, ensuring that the battery replacement device can accurately reach the required position. After the battery replacement device is in place, the operator or automated mechanical arm will carry the battery to be replaced to the front of the battery compartment base 101. The battery compartment base 101 is provided with a containing groove matching the shape of the battery, which plays a preliminary positioning role. At this time, the slider 202 at the bottom of the battery is aligned with the horn mouth guide groove 103 at the front end of the parallel rail 102 on both sides of the battery compartment base 101. The expansion angle of the horn mouth guide groove 103 is 35°, and the inner wall of the groove is pasted with a polyurethane anti-scratch layer, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of insertion and protect the battery and the rail from damage when guiding the battery into the rail. During the process of pushing the battery along the rail 102 into the battery compartment base 101, the tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating on the surface of the rail 102 cooperates with the graphite self-lubricating bearing embedded in the slider 202 to reduce friction resistance and ensure smooth sliding of the battery. When the battery reaches the predetermined position, the quick locking device starts to work. If the combination of elastic lock pin 203 and lock hole 104 is used, when the battery is pushed into place, the elastic lock pin 203 will automatically pop into the lock hole 104, completing mechanical locking; if electromagnetic lock 205 is used, the vehicle-mounted control button triggers the electromagnetic lock 205, which cooperates with the magnetic induction switch embedded in the lock hole 104 to achieve locking; if an infrared sensor and an electric push rod lock are added, when the infrared sensor detects that the battery 201 reaches directly below the lock hole 104, the electric push rod lock is driven to insert into the lock hole 104, which can quickly and reliably fix the battery. At the same time of battery locking, the floating plug 204 of the electric connection module and the conical guide sleeve of the battery compartment base 101 complete the electrical connection. The conical guide sleeve allows the floating plug 204 to deviate by ±5mm during insertion, ensuring accurate plug-in even with some installation errors, and achieving stable power transmission. After the installation of the new battery is completed, the operator or automated mechanical arm will take out the old battery to be replaced from the vehicle battery compartment according to the above reverse process, and place it on the battery compartment base 101 of the battery replacement device. The battery replacement device slides along the ground rail 301 to the designated storage area, unloads and stores the old battery, completing the entire battery replacement process. Finally, the electric vehicle drives away from the battery replacement area, and the battery replacement operation is completed.

[0080] In specific embodiments, although the specific embodiments of the utility model are described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these specific embodiments are only illustrative, and those skilled in the art can make various omissions, replacements and changes to the details of the above method and system without departing from the principles and essence of the utility model. For example, the above method steps are combined, and the substantially same function is executed according to the substantially same method to achieve the substantially same result, which belongs to the scope of the utility model. Therefore, the scope of the utility model is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A quick-swap structure for an electric vehicle battery, characterized in that: include: The battery compartment base (101) is fixed on the battery swapping device and has a receiving groove that matches the shape of the battery; The sliding guide mechanism includes parallel guide rails (102) on both sides of the battery compartment base (101) and a slider (202) on the bottom of the battery (201) that cooperates with the guide rails (102). The front end of the guide rails (102) is provided with an outwardly expanding flared guide groove (103). The quick locking device includes an elastic locking pin (203) on the contact surface between the battery (201) and the battery compartment base (101), and a locking hole (104) on the corresponding position of the battery compartment base (101). The elastic locking pin (203) automatically springs into the locking hole (104) when the battery is pushed into place. The electrical connection module includes a floating plug (204) disposed on the battery (201) and a conical guide sleeve disposed on the battery compartment base (101), the conical guide sleeve allowing the floating plug (204) to be inserted with a deviation within ±5mm; Ground rails (301) are laid on the ground in the battery swapping area and extend along the direction of vehicle travel. The battery swapping device is slidably connected to the ground guide rail (301) via a bottom slide (302). The bottom slide (302) is embedded in the groove of the ground guide rail (301), allowing the battery swapping device to move along the guide rail to different positions on the vehicle body.

2. The electric vehicle battery quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel guide rails (102) on both sides of the battery compartment base (101) are provided with a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating, and the slider (202) is embedded with a graphite self-lubricating bearing.

3. The electric vehicle battery quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick locking device is replaced by an electromagnetic lock (205). The electromagnetic lock (205) is triggered to lock and release by the vehicle control button, and a magnetic induction switch is embedded in the lock hole (104).

4. The electric vehicle battery quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel guide rail (102) of the sliding guide mechanism is replaced by a roller track system, which consists of two rows of stainless steel rollers with the roller spacing matching the width of the battery slider (202).

5. The electric vehicle battery quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick locking device is equipped with an infrared sensor and an electric push rod lock. When the infrared sensor detects that the battery (201) is directly below the lock hole (104), it drives the electric push rod lock to insert into the lock hole (104).

6. The electric vehicle battery quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion angle of the horn-shaped guide groove (103) is 35°, and the inner wall of the groove is covered with a polyurethane anti-scratch layer with a thickness of 2-3mm.

7. The electric vehicle battery quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground guide rail (301) has a segmented modular structure, with each segment being 1.5m long. Adjacent guide rails are connected by quick-release buckles, allowing for lateral expansion or longitudinal extension.

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