Biomass gas thermal storage cracking combustion device without tar emission

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of biomass gasification, and provides a biomass gas thermal storage cracking tar-free emission combustion device, which aims to realize complete combustion of tar and achieve the purpose of tar-free emission, and comprises a vertical waste heat boiler, a tar diffusion backflow section, a high-temperature cracking combustion chamber and a low-nitrogen heat insulation combustor, an outlet of the low-nitrogen heat insulation combustor is connected with an inlet of the high-temperature cracking combustion chamber, an inlet of the tar diffusion backflow section is connected with an outlet of the high-temperature cracking combustion chamber, and an outlet of the tar diffusion backflow section is connected with an inlet of the vertical waste heat boiler. The low-nitrogen heat insulation combustor is arranged in an inclined mode and is of a two-stage combustion structure, and the side wall of the high-temperature cracking combustion chamber is connected with a tar secondary backdraft system. The device provided by the utility model can realize complete combustion of tar to achieve no tar discharge, solves the purification and removal of tar under high-moisture and low-load operation conditions, and achieves the effect of efficient and clean combustion.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of biomass gasification, specifically relates to a kind of biological gas heat accumulation pyrolysis tar-free external discharge combustion device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Biomass gasification is a kind of solid fuel into gas combustion thermochemical processing technology, the combustible gas produced after reaction can be used for cooking, boiler, heating, internal combustion engine and other power devices, can effectively solve the problem of increasing energy demand under the current global industrialization development condition.

[0003] But the existing biomass gasification furnace device production biological fuel gas contains a large amount of tar, and the high tar content can cause energy waste, gasification efficiency is insufficient, and can also cause gasification equipment corrosion, gas pipeline blockage, harm gas equipment, pollution environment and other problems, which affects the long-term stable operation of gasification equipment. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] The utility model discloses in order to realize the complete combustion of tar to achieve the purpose of tar-free external discharge, and further provides a kind of biological gas heat accumulation pyrolysis tar-free external discharge combustion device.

[0005] The utility model discloses the following technical scheme:

[0006] A kind of biological gas heat accumulation pyrolysis tar-free external discharge combustion device, including vertical waste heat boiler, tar diffusion backflow section, high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber and low-nitrogen adiabatic burner;The outlet of low-nitrogen adiabatic burner is connected with the import of high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber, the import of tar diffusion backflow section is connected with the outlet of high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber, and the outlet of tar diffusion backflow section is connected with the import of vertical waste heat boiler;There is no heating surface in the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber, and the wall of high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber is heat accumulator.

[0007] By using the above technical scheme, the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber with no heating surface is independently arranged, and catalyst is configured to rapidly crack tar, to realize the purification and removal of tar.

[0008] Further, the inner bottom of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber is provided as an inclined surface, and an oil guide groove is arranged at the low end of the inclined surface.

[0009] By using the above technical scheme, the inclined surface is arranged in the lower structure to ensure that the tar flows to the bottom position, and the oil guide groove is arranged below the position of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner, so that the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber has the function of collecting tar, to facilitate the secondary combustion treatment of tar.

[0010] Further, the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber is provided with a catalyst on the slope, and the catalyst extends to the tail of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber to form a tail catalyst baffle.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, the calcite, dolomite and other catalysts laid at the bottom are laid along the rear baffle to the flame coverage area of the burner, so that the catalysts have the heat storage capacity and can quickly pyrolyze the tar, and the tar is purified and removed.

[0012] Further, the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner is inclined and provided with a two-stage combustion structure, including a first combustion stage and a second combustion stage, the first combustion stage is uniformly provided with a plurality of primary air pipes, and the second combustion stage is uniformly provided with a plurality of secondary air pipes; the front part of the first combustion stage is provided with a diffusion section one, and the front part of the second combustion stage is provided with a diffusion section two, and the first combustion stage, the second combustion stage, the diffusion section one and the diffusion section two are coaxially arranged.

[0013] By adopting the above technical scheme, the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe are used to adjust the ratio of the primary air and the secondary air to realize the staged combustion and temperature control, the initial nitride emission concentration is reduced, and the inclined downward cylinder arrangement ensures that the tar enters the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber for pyrolysis combustion.

[0014] Further, the axes of the primary air pipe and the secondary air pipe are 75° to the axis of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner.

[0015] By adopting the above technical scheme, the optimal air inlet effect of the air pipe is effectively ensured.

[0016] Further, the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber is provided with a tar secondary backflow combustion system connected to the side wall, the tar secondary backflow combustion system includes a gear pump and an atomizer connected by pipes and movable joints, the gear pump is connected to an oil guide groove by pipes and movable joints, and the atomizer is arranged on the wall of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber and located at the position of the high-temperature main combustion zone of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner.

[0017] By adopting the above technical scheme, the secondary backflow combustion of the tar is realized, the accumulation of tar under the conditions of high moisture and low load is avoided, and the purification and removal of the tar are ensured.

[0018] Further, the inlet of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner is provided with a flow regulating valve, and the side wall of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber is further provided with a plurality of furnace over-temperature interlocking devices, and the furnace over-temperature interlocking devices are interlocked with the flow regulating valve.

[0019] By adopting the above technical scheme, the flow regulating valve in front of the burner is controlled to regulate the gas flow by using the interlocking furnace over-temperature interlocking device and the flow regulating valve, so that the automatic temperature control of the high-temperature cracking combustion chamber furnace is realized, the temperature of the furnace is prevented from being greater than 980°C, and the concentration of nitride is effectively reduced.

[0020] The utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The utility model discloses an independent high-temperature cracking combustion chamber, which utilizes the tail catalyst retaining wall, bottom catalyst and mullite refractory brick heat accumulator and other structures to ensure that the catalyst has the heat storage capacity and fast pyrolysis of tar, and realizes the purification and removal of tar.

[0022] 2. The tar secondary back-burning system and oil guide groove structure are utilized to realize the secondary back-burning of tar in the high-temperature cracking combustion chamber, effectively avoid the accumulation of tar in the high-moisture and low-load state, ensure the purification and removal of tar, and utilize the tar diffusion backflow section to be connected with the high-temperature cracking combustion chamber, thereby fully ensuring the settlement of residual tar and further realizing the purification of tar.

[0023] 3. The burner adopts a two-stage combustion structure, adjusts the ratio of primary air and secondary air to realize the staged combustion and temperature control, and reduces the initial emission concentration of nitride.

[0024] 4. The vertical waste heat boiler is adopted to effectively improve the dust settlement capacity and reduce the dust deposition on the tail heating surface.

[0025] 5. The interlocking control of the furnace over-temperature interlocking device and the flow regulating valve can effectively control the furnace temperature, avoid the temperature range in which a large amount of nitride is generated, and effectively reduce the emission concentration of nitride. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a main sectional view of the utility model device;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a side sectional view of the utility model device;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a layout schematic view of the primary air pipe;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a layout schematic view of the secondary air pipe;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a structure schematic view of the tar secondary back-burning system;

[0031] In the drawing: 100-vertical waste heat boiler; 101-membrane wall heating surface; 102-collector;

[0032] 200-tar diffusion backflow section;

[0033] 300 - high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber; 301 - oil guide groove; 302 - tail catalyst baffle; 303 - bottom catalyst; 304 - mullite refractory brick heat accumulator;

[0034] 400 - low-nitrogen adiabatic burner; 401 - diffusion section one; 402 - primary air pipe; 403 - diffusion section two; 404 - secondary air pipe; 405 - refractory concrete; 406 - shell;

[0035] 500 - tar secondary back-burning system; 501 - atomizer; 502 - pipe; 503 - union joint; 504 - gear pump; 505 - sleeve;

[0036] 600 - hearth over-temperature interlocking device;

[0037] 700 - flow regulating valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The specific embodiment of the utility model is further described in combination with the drawings.

[0039] As shown in Figure 1 and 2 The biomass gas heat accumulation pyrolysis tar-free external emission combustion device comprises a vertical waste heat boiler 100, a tar diffusion backflow section 200, a high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300, a low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400, a tar secondary back-burning system 500, a hearth over-temperature interlocking device 600 and a flow regulating valve 700. The vertical waste heat boiler 100 comprises a membrane wall heating surface 101 and a header 102.

[0040] The high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300 is independently arranged, the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300 is free of a heating surface, and has a space requirement for the length of a burner flame; the furnace wall of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300 is a mullite refractory brick heat accumulator 304, which is formed by mullite refractory bricks and has sufficient heat accumulation capacity; the front part of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300 is provided with the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400, the outlet of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400 is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300, the inlet of the tar diffusion backflow section 200 is connected with the outlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300, the outlet of the tar diffusion backflow section 200 is connected with the inlet of the vertical waste heat boiler 100, and the rear top outlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300 enters the vertical waste heat boiler 100 through the tar diffusion backflow section 200. The flow regulating valve 700 is arranged at the inlet of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400, the tar secondary back-burning system is arranged on the side of the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber 300 and is used for sucking tar in the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300, and the hearth over-temperature interlocking device 600 is arranged on the side of the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber 300 and is interconnected with the biomass gas inlet flow regulating valve.

[0041] AsFigure 1 As shown in the drawings, the inner bottom of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300 is provided as an inclined surface, and the low end of the inclined surface is provided with an oil guide groove 301, and the inclined surface can ensure that the tar flows to the bottom position of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300 and then is collected through the oil guide groove 301.

[0042] The inclined surface of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300 is paved with calcite, dolomite and other catalysts, and the catalysts are paved along the rear baffle to form a tail catalyst baffle 302 in the flame coverage area of the burner, so that the catalysts have the functions of heat accumulation and rapid pyrolysis of tar, and the purification and removal of tar are realized.

[0043] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 The low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400 is inclined downward and includes a diffusion section one 401, a primary air pipe 402, a diffusion section two 403, a secondary air pipe 404, refractory concrete 405 and a shell 406. The low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400 adopts a two-stage combustion structure and includes a primary combustion section and a secondary combustion section. The front part of the primary combustion section is provided with the diffusion section one 401, and the front part of the secondary combustion section is provided with the diffusion section two 403. Both the diffusion section one 401 and the diffusion section two 403 are in the shape of a horn, the front end (the direction of the biomass inlet) is the small end, the large end diameter of the diffusion section one 401 is equal to the diameter of the primary combustion section, the large end diameter of the diffusion section two 403 is equal to the diameter of the secondary combustion section, and the primary combustion section, the secondary combustion section, the diffusion section one 401 and the diffusion section two 403 are coaxially arranged. Figure 4 and 5 As shown in the drawings, four primary air pipes 402 are uniformly arranged on the primary combustion section, and six secondary air pipes 404 are uniformly arranged on the secondary combustion section. The axes of the primary air pipes 402 and the secondary air pipes 404 are at an angle of 75° with the axis of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400, so that the air inlet effect is optimal.

[0044] As shown in the drawings, Figure 5 The tar secondary back-burning system 500 includes a gear pump 504 and an atomizer 501 connected through a pipe 502 and a movable joint 503. The gear pump 504 is connected with the oil guide groove 301 through the pipe 502 and the movable joint 503, the atomizer 501 is connected with the inside of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber 300 in communication, and the pipe 502 connected with the oil guide groove 301 is sleeved with a sleeve 505. The tar collected in the oil guide groove 301 is sucked by the gear pump 504 and then enters the atomizer 501 to be burned at the position of the 1500mm high-temperature main combustion area of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400, so that the accumulation of tar under the conditions of high moisture and low load is avoided, and the purification and removal of tar are ensured.

[0045] The working process principle of the device is as follows:

[0046] The tar-containing biomass gas first enters the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400, and the gas flow rate is first reduced through the diffusion section one 401 to make the tar first settle, and the primary combustion is realized through the primary air pipe 402 (the air volume accounts for 40%), and then the gas flow rate is secondly reduced through the diffusion section two 403 to make the tar secondly settle, and the staged combustion is realized through the secondary air pipe 404 (the air volume accounts for 60%), so as to realize the purpose of reducing the initial emission of nitrides, and the settled tar flows into the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber 300 through the certain inclination of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400 body to realize the catalytic cracking combustion, and meanwhile, the tar accumulation and coking in the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner are avoided.

[0047] The flue gas enters the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber 300 through the outlet of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400, the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber 300 maintains the temperature below 980° through the mullite refractory brick heat storage body 304 to avoid the temperature range in which the nitrides are generated in large amounts, and when the temperature is too high, the flow regulating valve 700 at the front end of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner 400 is adjusted to adjust the gas flow through the furnace over-temperature interlocking device 600, the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber 300 has no heating surface, the calcite or dolomite catalyst is arranged at the bottom of the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber 300, the tar is sprayed to the catalyst heat storage body at a certain angle by the high-temperature flue gas to realize the catalytic cracking of the tar, the tar macromolecular link is decomposed to generate combustible gas, the tail catalyst baffle 302 plays the role of fire wall heat storage, and the tar particles are further crushed and adsorbed through the high-speed collision of the flue gas to realize the cracking, the mullite refractory brick heat storage body 304 is built by mullite refractory bricks, which not only plays the role of heat storage but also plays the role of catalytic cracking, the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber 300 and the bottom catalyst maintain a high temperature of nearly 800° after being baked by the flue gas for a long time, and the tar sprayed to the wall surface or the bottom is immediately catalytically cracked. When the tar content is too high under the conditions of high moisture or low load, the tar which is not completely cracked flows into the oil guide groove 301 through the bottom slope.

[0048] The tar collected in the oil guide groove 301 is combusted again through the tar secondary combustion system 500, the combustion device first sucks the tar in the oil guide groove 301 through the gear pump 504, enters the atomizer 501 through the pipe 502, and the tar is sprayed to the burner main combustion high-temperature area (1500mm) to be secondly combusted through the atomizer, so as to completely and clearly remove the residual tar, when the boiler is overhauled, the pipe 502 is pulled out of the sleeve 505 and the movable joint 503 is removed for cleaning, so as to avoid the tar solidification when the pipe is used again.

[0049] The flue gas after the adiabatic cracking is further reduced in speed and settled to flow back to the high-temperature adiabatic combustion chamber 300 through the tar diffusion backflow section 200, and the residual tar in the flue gas flows back into the adiabatic high-temperature cracking combustion chamber 300 along the inner wall of the diffusion section to be cracked again.

[0050] The flue gas enters the vertical waste heat boiler 100 from the tar diffusion backflow section 200, the vertical waste heat boiler 100 has a certain height to ensure the settlement of tar and flue gas dust, and finally realizes the purification and removal of flue gas tar and reduces the ash deposition of the tail heating surface.

[0051] The utility model mainly aims at the purification and removal of tar in the bio-gas produced by the biomass gasification furnace, can realize the complete combustion of tar to achieve the technical path of no tar discharge, configures the rear vertical waste heat boiler, adopts the heat accumulation pyrolysis and tar back burning technology to solve the purification and removal of tar under the conditions of high moisture and low load operation, and reaches the effect of efficient clean combustion.

[0052] The above is the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A biomass gas heat accumulation pyrolysis non-tar exhaust emission combustion device, characterized in that: The vertical waste heat boiler (100), the tar diffusion backflow section (200), the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300) and the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner (400) are included; the outlet of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner (400) is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300), the inlet of the tar diffusion backflow section (200) is connected with the outlet of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300), and the outlet of the tar diffusion backflow section (200) is connected with the inlet of the vertical waste heat boiler (100); no heating surface is arranged in the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300), and the wall of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300) is a heat storage body.

2. The biomass gas heat regenerative pyrolysis non-tar emission combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner bottom of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300) is provided as an inclined surface, and the low end of the inclined surface is provided with an oil guide groove (301).

3. The biomass gas heat regenerative pyrolysis non-tar emission combustion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The catalyst is arranged on the inclined surface of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300), and the catalyst is arranged to extend to the tail of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300) to form a tail catalyst baffle (302).

4. The biomass gas non-tar emission combustion device with heat accumulation pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-nitrogen adiabatic burner (400) is arranged obliquely and adopts a two-stage combustion structure, including a first combustion section and a second combustion section, a plurality of primary air pipes (402) are uniformly arranged on the first combustion section, and a plurality of secondary air pipes (404) are uniformly arranged on the second combustion section; the front part of the first combustion section is provided with a diffusion section one (401), the front part of the second combustion section is provided with a diffusion section two (403), and the first combustion section, the second combustion section, the diffusion section one (401) and the diffusion section two (403) are coaxially arranged.

5. The biomass gas non-tar emission combustion device with heat accumulation pyrolysis according to claim 4, characterized in that: The axes of the primary air pipes (402) and the secondary air pipes (404) are 75° to the axis of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner (400).

6. The biomass gas non-tar emission combustion device with heat accumulation pyrolysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sidewall of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300) is connected with a tar secondary back-burning system (500), the tar secondary back-burning system (500) includes a gear pump (504) and an atomizer (501) connected through a pipe (502) and a movable joint (503), the gear pump (504) is connected with the oil guide groove (301) through the pipe (502) and the movable joint (503), and the atomizer (501) is arranged on the wall of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300).

7. The biomass gas non-tar emission combustion device with heat accumulation pyrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet of the low-nitrogen adiabatic burner (400) is provided with a flow regulating valve (700).

8. The biomass gas heat regenerative pyrolysis non-tar emission combustion device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of furnace over-temperature interlocking devices (600) are further arranged on the sidewall of the high-temperature pyrolysis combustion chamber (300), and the furnace over-temperature interlocking device (600) is interlocked with the flow regulating valve (700).

Images