Petroleum perforation energetic metal cover, energized perforating bullet and energized perforating gun

Abstract

The utility model discloses a petroleum perforation energetic metal cover, an energized perforating bullet and an energized perforating gun, belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploitation, and aims at solving the technical problems that an existing acting device is poor in perforation channel transformation effect and low in oil and gas well productivity. The device comprises a shell and an end cover, a jet flow channel is formed in the middle of the shell, an annular medicine bin is formed between the jet flow channel and the shell, the end cover is arranged on the top of the annular medicine bin in a buckled mode and is of a conical structure, and the large-caliber end of the end cover faces the same direction as the jet flow direction. The small-caliber end of the end cover is closer to the center and one side of a perforating bullet, jet flow can reach the small-caliber end of the end cover firstly during perforating, chemicals in the area of the small-caliber end of the end cover can be ignited firstly more easily, heat energy, gas and other media are released in a shorter time and enter a perforating duct quickly along with the jet flow, the effect of modifying the perforating duct is improved, and the perforating efficiency is improved. And the productivity of an oil and gas well is remarkably improved on the premise that the operation complexity and cost are not remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of petroleum extraction technology, and relates to petroleum perforation technology, and particularly to an energetic metal cover for petroleum perforation, an energy-enhancing perforation projectile, and an energy-enhancing perforation gun. Background Technology

[0002] Perforation is a crucial step in oil well drilling and completion, often referred to as the final step in opening up oil and gas reservoirs. This operation involves using a perforating gun to penetrate the well casing and rock formations, establishing effective oil and gas flow channels within the downhole casing, cement sheath, and target layer. This allows oil and gas in the formation to be guided through these channels to the wellbore and ultimately transported to the surface.

[0003] The performance of the perforating projectile directly determines the quality of the perforation channel, thus having a decisive impact on the overall productivity of the oil and gas well. Conventional perforating projectiles, limited by charge quantity and liner efficiency, create a limited depth of perforation channel, typically penetrating only the near-wellbore zone. Furthermore, the small diameter of conventional perforations results in high flow resistance, making these narrow channels prone to crushing or blockage during production due to formation stress changes or sand production. This leads to a rapid decline in oil and gas production. For tight oil and gas reservoirs with low porosity and permeability, this limited depth is far from reaching the effective production area in the deeper reservoir, failing to establish an effective drainage area. In addition, the high-speed metal jet, while penetrating the formation, exerts a tremendous impact and compression on the surrounding rock, forming a dense, sharply permeable compaction zone or damage zone. Simultaneously, solid particles and filtrate introduced during drilling and completion also clog rock pores, forming a contamination zone. This compaction and contamination zone constitute the main barrier to oil and gas flow into the wellbore, severely restricting oil and gas flow and significantly negating the positive effects of perforation operations.

[0004] Utility model patent application number 202423205250.7 also discloses a wall-breaking device for breaking down compacted layers in perforations of oil and gas wells. It includes a perforation gun, a cartridge holder, a perforation projectile, a working device, and a detonating cord. The working device is detachably installed at the opening of the perforation projectile, and its head is filled with multiple layers of energy particles. During operation, the energy particles inside the wall-breaking device are composed of multiple layers of energy particles of different sizes, allowing the particles to fully rub and collide with each other after entering the perforation channel. This results in larger energy peaks after the particles are excited, leading to better perforation channel modification. Furthermore, during the process of energy particles entering the perforation channel, smaller diameter particles can obtain greater initial velocities. This multi-layered loading structure allows the particles to generate a more intense working effect within the perforation channel.

[0005] Similar to the aforementioned utility model patent, a power actuator is installed in conjunction with the perforating projectile. During perforation, the propellant within the power actuator is ignited by the jet, creating a secondary blast in the perforation channel and improving the perforation channel modification effect. However, the positioning liner in this power actuator is a concave conical or curved surface, and the jet generated by the perforating projectile exhibits a pattern of strongest central focusing and rapid attenuation towards the periphery. Therefore, the jet near the center reaches the positioning liner later after perforation, and the propellant within the liner is ignited later, thus affecting the perforation channel modification effect and consequently impacting the oil and gas well's productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the structure of the power actuator to enhance its effectiveness in perforation channel modification. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the technical problems of poor perforation channel modification effect and low oil and gas well productivity of existing power devices, and to provide an energetic metal cover for oil perforation, an energy-enhancing perforation projectile and an energy-enhancing perforation gun.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model specifically adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] An energetic metal shroud for oil perforation includes a shell and an end cap. A jet channel is provided in the middle of the shell, and an annular cartridge is formed between the jet channel and the shell. The end cap is fastened to the top of the annular cartridge. The end cap has a conical structure, and the large-diameter end of the end cap faces the same direction as the jet.

[0009] Furthermore, the housing includes an outer shell and an annular concave bottom, the outer ring wall of the annular concave bottom is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell, and a limiting protrusion is provided on the outer side of the inner ring wall of the annular concave bottom.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the annular concave bottom is a circular arc bottom.

[0011] Furthermore, from the inner ring wall to the outer ring wall of the annular concave bottom, the radius of curvature of the arc bottom gradually decreases.

[0012] Furthermore, the shell is made of magnesium, aluminum, magnesium-aluminum alloy, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, or polyetheretherketone, and the end cap is made of aluminum / polytetrafluoroethylene composite material.

[0013] An enhanced perforation projectile includes a perforation projectile body and a metal cover detachably installed at the opening of the perforation projectile body, wherein the metal cover is the aforementioned energetic metal cover for oil perforation.

[0014] An enhanced perforating gun includes a perforating gun body and a cartridge holder concentrically mounted inside the perforating gun body. The cartridge holder has multiple mounting holes on its tube, and a perforating bullet is fixedly mounted in each mounting hole; the perforating bullet is the aforementioned enhanced perforating bullet.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0016] 1. In this invention, the end cap is designed as a conical structure, with the large-diameter end of the end cap facing the same direction as the jet. This places the small-diameter end of the end cap closer to the center and the side closer to the perforating projectile, while the large-diameter end of the end cap is closer to the outer edge and farther away from the perforating projectile. Therefore, during perforation, the jet generated by the perforating projectile will reach the small-diameter end of the end cap first, and the propellant in the small-diameter end area will be more easily ignited first, gradually transitioning to other areas (the overall ignition time of the propellant will be advanced and shortened). This will release heat, gas, and other media in a shorter time, and they will rapidly follow the tail jet. The process of introducing the jet into the perforation channel serves two purposes: first, it enhances the energy of the jet (primarily the tail jet without affecting the original main jet intensity), improving the perforation effect; second, it primarily acts on the compaction zone within the perforation channel caused by the tail jet, creating a deeper and cleaner channel, generating cracks that extend deeper, forming a deeper, cleaner, and more unobstructed oil and gas flow channel with more durable conductivity, thus improving perforation efficiency and enhancing its effect on perforation channel modification. This significantly increases the productivity of oil and gas wells without significantly increasing operational complexity and costs.

[0017] 2. In this utility model, a limiting protrusion is provided on the outer side of the inner ring wall of the annular concave bottom. When the end cap is fastened, the limiting protrusion can be used to limit the end cap, preventing the end cap from falling off the housing, effectively preventing the agent from spilling / spilling, and improving the safety of the perforated bullet / gun.

[0018] 3. In this invention, the bottom surface of the annular concave bottom of the shell is set as a circular arc bottom, and the radius of curvature of the circular arc bottom gradually decreases along the direction from the inner ring wall to the outer ring wall. In this way, the thickness h of the annular explosive chamber will gradually increase from the inside to the outside. Therefore, without affecting the original jet's perforation capability, the thickness of the explosive in the small-diameter end area of ​​the end cap is thinner, and the explosive will be easier to ignite. The ignited explosive will cause the thicker explosive on the outside to ignite, and mainly enhance the energy of the tail jet to a certain extent, promoting the energy level and velocity of the tail jet and improving the effect of perforation channel modification. In addition, the heat energy, gas and other media generated by the explosive ignition will quickly enter the perforation channel along with the tail jet, performing secondary or even tertiary action on the compaction zone caused by the tail jet, forming a deeper and cleaner channel, and generating cracks that extend deeper.

[0019] 4. In this utility model, the shell is made of magnesium, aluminum, magnesium-aluminum alloy, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, or polyetheretherketone (existing materials), and the end cap is made of aluminum / polytetrafluoroethylene composite material (existing materials). Under the action of the jet and the agent, the shell and the end cap can participate in the chemical reaction of the agent. Therefore, the shell, the end cap, and their reaction products will enter the perforation channel with the jet and continue to produce chemical reactions in the perforation channel, releasing heat and gas, and performing secondary modification of the channel to improve the effect of perforation channel modification. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shell structure in this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end cap of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the setting of the limiting protrusion in this utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy-enhancing perforation projectile in this utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy-enhancing perforating gun in this utility model;

[0026] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1-outer shell, 2-annular concave bottom, 3-end cap, 4-limiting protrusion, 5-circular bottom, 6-annular cartridge case, 7-projectile body with firing hole, 8-projectile rack. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this utility model, but not all embodiments.

[0028] Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] This embodiment provides an energetic metal shroud for oil perforations, which is used in conjunction with perforation projectiles to improve the effect of perforation projectiles on the modification of perforation channels.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the energetic metal shroud for the oil perforation includes a shell and an end cap 3. The shell is a hollow tube open at one end, and a jet passage is provided in the middle of the other end of the shell. An annular cartridge 6 for placing the reagent is formed between the jet passage and the shell. The annular cartridge 6 has an opening on the injection side of the jet and is closed on the exit side of the jet (i.e., a closed structure is formed by the arc-shaped bottom 5). The end cap 3 can be fastened to the top of the annular cartridge 6 through the opening on the injection side of the annular cartridge 6, thereby forming an area for placing the reagent between the end cap 3 and the annular cartridge 6.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the end cap 3 has a conical structure, and the large-diameter end of the end cap 3 faces the same direction as the jet direction. Figure 1 (A is the direction of the jet). That is, the small-diameter end of the end cap 3 is closer to the side of the perforated projectile, while the large-diameter end of the end cap 3 is farther away from the side of the perforated projectile. The distance between the small-diameter end and the large-diameter end is h (that is, the dimension of the end cap 3 along the jet direction).

[0033] The method of using this energy-enhancing shield is as follows:

[0034] 1. First, fill the annular cartridge 6 with the reagent (the reagent is a high-entropy metal combustion agent, which will produce a chemical reaction under the action of the jet; the high-entropy metal combustion agent includes one or more of aluminum powder, zirconium powder, titanium powder, magnesium hydride, nickel powder, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethyl acetate, epoxy resin and sodium fluorescein tracer) (the filling mass and pressing density shall be determined by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation), and fasten the end cap 3 to prevent the reagent from spilling / spilling;

[0035] 2. Position the energy enhancer shroud opening directly opposite the firing port opening, and secure it tightly to the firing port opening position using methods such as rotation and compression.

[0036] 3. Secure the firing port projectile with the energy-enhancing shield to the projectile rack;

[0037] 4. During perforation operations, when the high-temperature metal jet passes through the jet passage in the energy-enhancing shell after the perforation shell detonates, the high-temperature and high-pressure metal jet will cause the agent in the annular explosive compartment 6 to undergo a rapid chemical reaction and release a large amount of gas, heat and other chemical media; the chemical media will enter the perforation channel with the jet and modify the perforation channel.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, the housing includes an outer shell 1 and an annular concave bottom 2. The outer shell 1 is a cylinder. The annular concave bottom 2 is a body of revolution with a cross-section of U-shaped, triangular, semi-circular, or similar structure. The opening side of the annular concave bottom 2 faces the firing port, and the other end is a closed structure (which can be a plane or a curved surface). The outer side of the outer ring wall of the annular concave bottom 2 is connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 1. A limiting protrusion 4 is provided on the outer side of the inner ring wall of the annular concave bottom 2. The limiting protrusion 4 is arranged as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0040] When the end cap 3 is fastened, the end cap 3 can be limited by the limiting protrusion 4 to prevent the end cap 3 from falling off the shell and effectively prevent the medicine from spilling / spilling.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] Based on Example 2, the annular concave bottom 2 is a rotating body with a cross-section of a semi-circular ring or its approximate structure, that is, the bottom surface of the annular concave bottom 2 is an arc bottom 5, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown.

[0043] Preferably, the radius of curvature of the arc-shaped bottom 5 gradually decreases from the inner ring wall to the outer ring wall of the annular concave bottom 2. This can be achieved by gradually decreasing the radius of curvature of the entire arc-shaped bottom 5, or by first gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing the radius of curvature of the entire arc-shaped bottom. The purpose is to reduce the thickness of the annular cartridge 6 near the jet orifice, so that the agent near the small-diameter end of the end cap 3 can interact with the jet earlier and produce a chemical reaction more quickly.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] Based on the above embodiments, the shell is made of magnesium, aluminum, magnesium-aluminum alloy, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide or polyetheretherketone, and the end cap 3 is made of aluminum / polytetrafluoroethylene composite material. All of the above materials are existing materials, and those skilled in the art can directly use existing materials to make them without creative labor.

[0046] The purpose of using the aforementioned materials in this embodiment is to enable the shell and end cap to participate in the chemical reaction of the agent under the action of the jet. Because the shell and end cap can participate in the chemical reaction of the agent under the action of the jet, the shell, end cap, and their reaction products will enter the perforation channel along with the jet, and continue to generate chemical reactions within the perforation channel, releasing heat and gas, thus performing secondary modification of the channel and improving the effect of the perforation channel modification.

[0047] Example 5

[0048] This embodiment provides an enhanced perforation projectile. The "enhanced energy" in the enhanced perforation projectile refers to the increase in jet energy of the perforation projectile by setting an innovative energetic metal shield, which includes the perforation projectile body 7 and the metal shield.

[0049] The perforating projectile 7 is not an innovation of this embodiment; its structure can be directly applied to the perforating projectile 7 in the prior art.

[0050] The innovation of this embodiment lies in the metal shield, which adopts the energetic metal shield for oil perforation in any of the embodiments 1-4.

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, the metal cover is installed at the opening of the perforation projectile 7 in a detachable manner. The metal cover and the perforation projectile 7 are connected by a detachable structure such as threads, grooves or conical sleeves. The perforation projectile and the metal cover can be transported and stored separately. Perforation projectiles with different performance can be flexibly matched according to different technical requirements or geological needs.

[0052] Example 6

[0053] This embodiment provides an enhanced perforation gun. The "enhanced" aspect of this gun refers to the increased jet energy of the perforating projectiles through the inclusion of an innovative energetic metal shield. The gun comprises a perforation gun body and a projectile holder 8. The projectile holder 8 is concentrically positioned inside the perforation gun body, and the gun body and the projectile holder 8 are fixed together using existing methods such as positioning rings or end caps. The tube of the projectile holder 8 has multiple mounting holes, and multiple perforating projectiles are symmetrically fixed within these holes, with adjacent projectiles arranged at a phase angle of 60°, 90°, 120°, or 180°. In this embodiment, the perforating projectiles are arranged at a 90° phase angle, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0054] The aforementioned structures of the firing barrel and magazine 8 are all existing technologies, as are the arrangement of the firing barrel and magazine 8, and the arrangement of the firing cartridge and magazine 8. Those skilled in the art can implement these technologies directly based on existing technologies and common knowledge.

[0055] In this embodiment, the innovative aspect lies in the perforating projectile, which employs the energy-enhanced perforating projectile from Embodiment 5. This energy-enhanced perforating projectile is installed in the same way as existing perforating projectiles on the ammunition holder 8, requiring only minor dimensional adjustments; no creative effort is needed for those skilled in the art.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A petroleum perforating energetic metal cover, comprising a shell and an end cover (3), a jet flow channel is arranged in the middle of the shell, an annular charge chamber (6) is formed between the jet flow channel and the shell, and the end cover (3) is buckled on the top of the annular charge chamber (6), characterized in that: The end cover (3) is of a conical structure, and the large-diameter end of the end cover (3) is directed in the same direction as the jet flow.

2. An oil well perforating shaped charge according to claim 1 wherein: The shell comprises an outer shell (1) and an annular concave bottom (2), an outer ring wall of the annular concave bottom (2) is connected with an inner wall of the outer shell (1), and an outer side of an inner ring wall of the annular concave bottom (2) is provided with a limiting protrusion (4).

3. An oil well perforating shaped charge according to claim 2 wherein: A bottom surface of the annular concave bottom (2) is a circular arc bottom (5).

4. An oil well perforating shaped charge according to claim 3 wherein: From the inner ring wall to the outer ring wall of the annular concave bottom (2), the curvature radius of the circular arc bottom (5) gradually decreases.

5. An oil well perforating shaped charge according to claim 1 wherein: The shell is made of magnesium, aluminum, magnesium-aluminum alloy, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide or polyether ether ketone, and the end cover (3) is made of aluminum / polytetrafluoroethylene composite material.

6. An energized perforating charge comprising a perforating charge body (7), a metal cap detachably mounted at an opening of the perforating charge body (7), characterized in that The metal cover is the oil perforating energetic metal cover of any one of claims 1-5.

7. An energized perforating gun comprising a perforating gun body, a carrier (8) concentrically installed in the perforating gun body, a plurality of installation holes are formed on the tube body of the carrier (8), and a perforating charge is fixedly installed in each installation hole; characterized in that, The perforating bullet is the energy-increasing perforating bullet of claim 6.

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