High-voltage protection circuit and vehicle
By combining the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit and the voltage stabilization sub-circuit, the high voltage problem caused by reverse charging in the anti-lock braking system of electric vehicles is solved, achieving high voltage protection for the battery and improving circuit efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-10
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, anti-lock braking systems cause reverse charging when electric vehicles brake, resulting in voltage increases that exceed the battery's operating range and damage peripheral circuits. Furthermore, high-power TVS diodes or varistors cannot effectively protect against high-voltage batteries in a 72V battery system.
An input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit and an input voltage stabilization sub-circuit are used to shut down and reduce the voltage respectively during overvoltage, protecting the circuit and ensuring that the voltage is within a safe range.
It achieves effective battery protection under high voltage conditions, improves circuit efficiency, avoids circuit damage, and is suitable for 72V battery systems.
Smart Images
Figure CN223982408U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a high-voltage protection circuit and a vehicle. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, those equipped with anti-lock braking systems (ABS) have become mainstream. However, ABS can reverse charge during braking, leading to a rise in the electric vehicle's voltage. When the ABS is engaged, the wheel deceleration causes the motor speed to increase. At this time, the motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and supplies it to the battery in reverse—this is reverse charging. If effective protection against reverse charging voltage is not implemented, the voltage output from the motor to the battery will be too high, exceeding the battery's operating range, and thus damaging the electric vehicle's external circuitry.
[0003] In related technologies, high-voltage protection is mainly achieved by installing high-power TVS diodes or varistors on the power bus. However, high-power TVS diodes or varistors have large residual voltages or slow response speeds. When applied to electric vehicles, especially in 72V battery systems, the residual voltage of the TVS diodes or varistors exceeds the maximum withstand voltage of the electric vehicle's peripheral circuits, thus failing to provide protection. Utility Model Content
[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a high-voltage protection circuit to achieve high-voltage protection and improve circuit efficiency.
[0005] The second objective of this utility model is to provide a vehicle.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this utility model proposes a high-voltage protection circuit, comprising an input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit and an input voltage stabilization sub-circuit; wherein, the input terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is connected to the output terminal of a DC power supply, and the output terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is connected to the input terminal of the protected circuit, so as to shut down when the output voltage of the DC power supply is greater than a shutdown threshold; the input terminal of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit is connected to the input terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit, and the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit is connected to the output terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit, so as to step down the output voltage when the output voltage is greater than the stabilization threshold.
[0007] In addition, the high-voltage protection circuit according to this utility model may also have the following additional technical features:
[0008] In some examples, the input voltage stabilization circuit includes: a first resistor, a first terminal of which is adapted to be connected to the input terminal of the input voltage stabilization circuit; a first Zener diode, the anode of which is grounded and the cathode of which is connected to the second terminal of the first resistor, the reverse breakdown voltage of which is the voltage stabilization threshold; and a first transistor, the collector of which is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor, the base of which is connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode, and the emitter of which is adapted to be connected to the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization circuit.
[0009] In some examples, the input voltage stabilization circuit further includes: a second transistor, the collector of which is connected to the collector of the first transistor, the base of which is connected to the emitter of the first transistor, and the emitter of which is adapted to be connected to the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization circuit.
[0010] In some examples, the input voltage stabilization circuit further includes: a third transistor, the collector of which is connected to the collector of the second transistor, the base of which is connected to the emitter of the second transistor, and the emitter of which is adapted to be connected to the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization circuit.
[0011] In some examples, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit includes: a second resistor, the first end of which is connected to the output terminal of the DC power supply; a second Zener diode, the cathode of which is connected to the second end of the second resistor, the anode of which is grounded, and the reverse breakdown voltage of which is the shutdown threshold; a fourth transistor, the base of which is connected to the cathode of the second Zener diode, the emitter of which is connected to the first end of the second resistor, and the collector of which is grounded; and a switching transistor, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the second resistor, the second end of which is connected to the input terminal of the protected circuit, and the control terminal of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor.
[0012] In some examples, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit further includes: a third resistor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the second resistor, and the second end of which is connected to the base of the fourth transistor.
[0013] In some examples, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit further includes: a fourth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor, and the second end of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor; and a fifth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor, and the second end of which is grounded.
[0014] In some examples, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit further includes: a sixth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor, and the second end of which is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor; and a third Zener diode, the anode of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor, and the cathode of which is connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor.
[0015] In some examples, the DC power source is an electric motor, and the protected circuit is a battery.
[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the second aspect of this utility model provides a vehicle, characterized in that it includes the aforementioned high-voltage protection circuit.
[0017] The high-voltage protection circuit and vehicle according to this utility model include an input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit and an input voltage stabilization sub-circuit. The input terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is connected to the input terminal of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit and then to the output terminal of the DC power supply. The output terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is connected to the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit and then to the input terminal of the protected circuit. By setting the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit and the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit, when the DC voltage output by the DC power supply is high, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is shut off due to the overvoltage. The input voltage stabilization sub-circuit then stabilizes and reduces the input voltage before outputting it to the protected circuit, thus protecting the protected circuit. When the DC voltage output by the DC power supply is low, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit remains open because the input voltage is not overvoltage. The DC voltage output by the DC power supply powers the protected circuit through the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit, thereby improving circuit efficiency.
[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the high-voltage protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a high-voltage protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the vehicle according to an embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The high-voltage protection circuit and vehicle of embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the high-voltage protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-voltage protection circuit 100 includes an input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 and an input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102. The input terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 is connected to the output terminal of the DC power supply 200, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the protected circuit 300, so as to shut down the DC power supply 200 when its output voltage exceeds the shutdown threshold. The input terminal of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102 is connected to the input terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101, and its output terminal is connected to the output terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101, so as to reduce the output voltage when it exceeds the stabilization threshold.
[0025] Specifically, to provide high-voltage protection for the protected circuit 300, the high-voltage protection circuit 100 includes an input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 and an input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102. The input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 is used to implement the overvoltage shutdown function, and the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102 is used to implement the voltage stabilization function. In other words, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 is used to shut down when the input voltage is overvoltage, and the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102 is used to stabilize and reduce the input voltage.
[0026] The DC voltage output by the DC power supply 200 is its output voltage. This DC voltage is input to the input voltage overvoltage shutdown circuit 101 and the input voltage stabilization circuit 102; that is, it is the input voltage of both circuits. When the DC voltage output by the DC power supply 200 reaches both the shutdown threshold and the voltage stabilization threshold, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown circuit 101 will shut down due to the excessive input voltage, meaning only the input voltage stabilization circuit 102 will conduct, thus outputting the stepped-down input voltage to the protected circuit 300. Therefore, circuit protection can be achieved when the DC voltage output by the DC power supply 200 is high.
[0027] When the DC voltage output by the DC power supply 200 is low, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown circuit 101 will not turn off because the input voltage is not overvoltage; that is, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown circuit 101 will be on. Therefore, although the input voltage stabilization circuit 102 will still reduce the input voltage, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown circuit 101 will become the main power supply circuit, supplying power to the protected circuit 300, due to the presence of the on-state input voltage overvoltage shutdown circuit 101. This improves circuit efficiency when the DC voltage output by the DC power supply 200 is low.
[0028] Therefore, a high-voltage protection circuit 100 is set up, including an input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 and an input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102. The input terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 is connected to the input terminal of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102 and connected to the output terminal of the DC power supply 200. The output terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 is connected to the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102 and connected to the input terminal of the protected circuit 300. By configuring an input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 and an input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102, when the DC voltage output from the DC power supply 200 is high, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 is shut down due to the overvoltage, and the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102 stabilizes and reduces the input voltage before outputting it to the protected circuit 300, thus protecting the protected circuit 300. When the DC voltage output from the DC power supply 200 is low, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 remains open because the input voltage is not overvoltage, and the DC voltage output from the DC power supply 200 supplies power to the protected circuit 300 through the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101, thereby improving circuit efficiency. This configuration achieves high input voltage and high circuit efficiency while providing high voltage protection, allowing for high current handling and low heat generation.
[0029] In this embodiment of the present invention, the input voltage stabilization circuit 102 includes: a first resistor, the first end of which is adapted to be connected to the input terminal of the input voltage stabilization circuit 102; a first Zener diode, the anode of which is grounded, the cathode of which is connected to the second end of the first resistor, and the reverse breakdown voltage of which is the voltage stabilization threshold; and a first transistor, the collector of which is connected to the first end of the first resistor, the base of which is connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode, and the emitter of which is adapted to be connected to the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization circuit 102.
[0030] In this embodiment of the present invention, the input voltage stabilization circuit 102 further includes: a second transistor, the collector of the second transistor being connected to the collector of the first transistor, the base of the second transistor being connected to the emitter of the first transistor, and the emitter of the second transistor being adapted to be connected to the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization circuit 102.
[0031] In this embodiment of the present invention, the input voltage stabilization circuit 102 further includes: a third transistor, the collector of the third transistor being connected to the collector of the second transistor, the base of the third transistor being connected to the emitter of the second transistor, and the emitter of the third transistor being adapted to be connected to the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization circuit 102.
[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 includes: a second resistor, the first end of which is connected to the output terminal of the DC power supply 200; a second Zener diode, the negative terminal of which is connected to the second end of the second resistor, the positive terminal of which is grounded, and the reverse breakdown voltage of which is the shutdown threshold; a fourth transistor, the base of which is connected to the negative terminal of the second Zener diode, the emitter of which is connected to the first end of the second resistor, and the collector of which is grounded; and a switching transistor, the first end of which is connected to the first end of the second resistor, the second end of which is connected to the input terminal of the protected circuit 300, and the control terminal of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor.
[0033] In this embodiment of the present invention, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 further includes: a third resistor, the first end of the third resistor being connected to the second end of the second resistor, and the second end of the third resistor being connected to the base of the fourth transistor.
[0034] In this embodiment of the present invention, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 further includes: a fourth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the emitter of a fourth transistor, and the second end of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor; and a fifth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor, and the second end of which is grounded.
[0035] In this embodiment of the present invention, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 further includes: a sixth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor, and the second end of which is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor; and a third Zener diode, the anode of which is connected to the collector of the fourth transistor, and the cathode of which is connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor.
[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the first transistor, the second transistor, and the third transistor are NPN transistors.
[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, the switching transistor is a PMOS transistor, and the fourth transistor is a PNP transistor.
[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the reverse breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode is the same as the reverse breakdown voltage of the first Zener diode.
[0039] In this embodiment of the utility model, the DC power supply 200 is an electric motor, and the protected circuit 300 is a battery.
[0040] The following is combined with Figure 2 Please provide a detailed explanation.
[0041] exist Figure 2 The circuit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a first Zener diode D1, a second Zener diode D2, a third Zener diode D3, a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, a third transistor Q3, a fourth transistor Q4, a switching transistor Q5, Vin is a DC power supply 200, and Vout is the output terminal of the high-voltage protection circuit 100, which is connected to the protected circuit 300.
[0042] The first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, and the third transistor Q3 are NPN transistors, the switching transistor Q5 is a PMOS transistor, and the fourth transistor Q4 is a PNP transistor.
[0043] Specifically, observing the upper part of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 are used for current limiting, the second Zener diode D2 is used to set the shutdown threshold Vd2_th, the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 are used for voltage division, and the sixth resistor R6 and the third Zener diode D3 are used to protect the switch Q5, which acts as the on / off switch for the input and output terminals.
[0044] When the input voltage provided by DC power supply 200 is greater than the turn-off threshold Vd2_th, the second Zener diode D2 breaks down in reverse and plays a voltage stabilizing role. The fourth transistor Q4 turns on due to a voltage difference at Vbe. The fourth resistor R4 loses its effect. The voltage difference between the gate and source of the switching transistor Q5 is zero, and the switching transistor Q5 turns off.
[0045] Conversely, when the input voltage provided by DC power supply 200 is less than the turn-off threshold Vd2_th, the second Zener diode D2 does not function, the fourth transistor Q4 does not conduct, and due to the voltage division of the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5, there is a sufficient voltage difference between the gate and source of the switching transistor Q5, so the switching transistor Q5 conducts.
[0046] Therefore, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 can be shut down when the input voltage is overvoltage.
[0047] Looking at the lower part of the input voltage stabilization circuit 102 separately, the first resistor R1 limits the current, the first Zener diode D1 is used to set the voltage stabilization threshold Vd1_th, the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 amplify the current, and the third transistor Q3 stabilizes the voltage.
[0048] When the input voltage provided by DC power supply 200 is greater than the voltage drop threshold Vd1_th, the first Zener diode D1 breaks down in reverse, thus regulating the voltage. The emitters of the first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, and the third transistor Q3 are clamped to voltages slightly larger than the voltage drop threshold Vd1_th, namely Vd1_th + Vbe_q1, Vd1_th + Vbe_q1 + Vbe_q2, and Vd1_th + Vbe_q1 + Vbe_q2 + Vbe_q3, respectively. At this time, Vout = Vd1_th + Vbe_q1 + Vbe_q2 + Vbe_q3. The third transistor Q3 then regulates the voltage, achieving the main overvoltage protection effect. Here, Vbe_q1 is the voltage between the base and emitter of the first transistor Q1, Vbe_q2 is the voltage between the base and emitter of the second transistor Q2, and Vbe_q3 is the voltage between the base and emitter of the third transistor Q3.
[0049] Conversely, when the input voltage provided by the DC power supply 200 is less than the voltage stabilization threshold Vd1_th, the first Zener diode D1 is not broken down and does not function. The first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, and the third transistor Q3 are also turned on. Since there is a conduction voltage difference Vbe between the first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, and the third transistor Q3, the output voltage Vout is also less than the input voltage. The voltage difference is Vbe_q1 + Vbe_q2 + Vbe_q3. If only the input voltage stabilization circuit 102 is used to supply power at this time, when a high-power load is connected to Vout, the current is greater due to the low input voltage, and the voltage difference is also greater. The power loss in the third transistor Q3 is too large, which will cause problems such as low voltage efficiency and heat generation.
[0050] Therefore, setting the reverse breakdown voltage of the second Zener diode D2 to be the same as that of the first Zener diode D2 means that the turn-off threshold Vd2_th of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 and the voltage drop threshold Vd1_th of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102 should be configured as equal protection thresholds. This ensures that when the input voltage provided by the DC power supply 200 exceeds the protection threshold, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 is turned off, and the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit 102 becomes the main path, providing overvoltage protection. Furthermore, when the input voltage provided by the DC power supply 200 is less than the protection threshold, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit 101 is turned on, providing an efficient power path for high current and improving circuit efficiency. This solves the problems of high power loss, low voltage efficiency, and heat generation. Moreover, this circuit can be applied to both high and low input voltage scenarios, achieving a higher usable input voltage.
[0051] Assuming the DC power supply 200 is a motor, the protected circuit 300 is a battery, and the high-voltage protection circuit 100 is applied to an electric two-wheeled vehicle, the motor of the two-wheeled vehicle will reverse charge during braking, leading to an increase in the voltage of the electric vehicle (i.e., the aforementioned two-wheeled vehicle). When the motor is working, the wheel deceleration causes the motor speed to increase. At this time, the motor will convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and supply it to the battery in reverse; this is reverse charging. If the reverse charging voltage is not effectively protected, the voltage output by the motor to the battery will be too high, exceeding the battery's operating range, thereby damaging the battery, controller, and the electric vehicle's circuitry. Therefore, by applying the high-voltage protection circuit 100, high-voltage protection can be achieved for the battery when the motor is working and converting mechanical energy into electrical energy to supply it in reverse.
[0052] In summary, the high-voltage protection circuit of this utility model embodiment includes an input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit and an input voltage stabilization sub-circuit. The input terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is connected to the input terminal of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit and then to the output terminal of the DC power supply. The output terminal of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is connected to the output terminal of the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit and then to the input terminal of the protected circuit. By setting the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit and the input voltage stabilization sub-circuit, when the DC voltage output by the DC power supply is high, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is shut off due to the overvoltage. The input voltage stabilization sub-circuit then stabilizes and reduces the input voltage before outputting it to the protected circuit, thus protecting the protected circuit. When the DC voltage output by the DC power supply is low, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit remains open because the input voltage is not overvoltage. The DC voltage output by the DC power supply powers the protected circuit through the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit, thereby improving circuit efficiency.
[0053] Furthermore, this utility model proposes a vehicle.
[0054] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the vehicle according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the vehicle includes the aforementioned high-voltage protection circuit 100.
[0056] In this embodiment of the vehicle, the high-voltage protection circuit described above enables the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit to shut down when the DC voltage output from the DC power supply is high, due to the input voltage overvoltage. The input voltage stabilization sub-circuit then stabilizes and reduces the input voltage before outputting it to the protected circuit, thus protecting the protected circuit. When the DC voltage output from the DC power supply is low, the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit remains open because the input voltage is not overvoltage. The DC voltage output from the DC power supply powers the protected circuit through the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit, thereby improving circuit efficiency.
[0057] It should be noted that the logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein can be considered as a ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be specifically implemented in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
[0058] It should be understood that the various parts of this utility model can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.
[0059] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0060] In the description of this specification, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.
[0061] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0062] In this specification, unless otherwise stated, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly defined. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0063] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0064] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A high voltage protection circuit, characterized by, The circuit comprises an input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit and an input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit; wherein The input end of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is connected to the output end of a direct current power supply, and the output end of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit is connected to the input end of a protected circuit, so as to be shut down when the output voltage of the direct current power supply is greater than a shutdown threshold value; The input end of the input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit is connected to the input end of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit, and the output end of the input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit is connected to the output end of the input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit, so as to reduce the output voltage when the output voltage is greater than a stable voltage reduction threshold value.
2. The high voltage protection circuit of claim 1, wherein, The input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit comprises: A first resistor, a first end of the first resistor being adapted to connect the input end of the input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit; A first voltage stabilizing diode, a positive electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode being grounded, a negative electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode being connected to a second end of the first resistor, and a reverse breakdown voltage of the first voltage stabilizing diode being the stable voltage reduction threshold value; A first triode, a collector of the first triode being connected to the first end of the first resistor, a base of the first triode being connected to the negative electrode of the first voltage stabilizing diode, and an emitter of the first triode being adapted to connect the output end of the input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit.
3. The high voltage protection circuit of claim 2, wherein, The input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit further comprises: A second triode, a collector of the second triode being connected to the collector of the first triode, a base of the second triode being connected to the emitter of the first triode, and an emitter of the second triode being adapted to connect the output end of the input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit.
4. The high voltage protection circuit of claim 3, wherein, The input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit further comprises: A third triode, a collector of the third triode being connected to the collector of the second triode, a base of the third triode being connected to the emitter of the second triode, and an emitter of the third triode being adapted to connect the output end of the input voltage stable voltage reduction sub-circuit.
5. The high voltage protection circuit of claim 1, wherein, The input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit comprises: A second resistor, a first end of the second resistor being connected to the output end of the direct current power supply; A second voltage stabilizing diode, a negative electrode of the second voltage stabilizing diode being connected to a second end of the second resistor, a positive electrode of the second voltage stabilizing diode being grounded, and a reverse breakdown voltage of the second voltage stabilizing diode being the shutdown threshold value; A fourth triode, a base of the fourth triode being connected to the negative electrode of the second voltage stabilizing diode, an emitter of the fourth triode being connected to the first end of the second resistor, and a collector of the fourth triode being grounded; A switch tube, a first end of the switch tube being connected to the first end of the second resistor, a second end of the switch tube being connected to the input end of the protected circuit, and a control end of the switch tube being connected to the collector of the fourth triode.
6. The high voltage protection circuit of claim 5, wherein, The input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit further comprises: A third resistor, a first end of the third resistor being connected to the second end of the second resistor, and a second end of the third resistor being connected to the base of the fourth triode.
7. The high voltage protection circuit of claim 5, wherein, The input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit further comprises: a fourth resistor, a first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the emitter of the fourth transistor, and a second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the collector of the fourth transistor; a fifth resistor, a first end of the fifth resistor is connected with the collector of the fourth transistor, and a second end of the fifth resistor is grounded.
8. The high voltage protection circuit of claim 5, wherein, The input voltage overvoltage shutdown sub-circuit further comprises: a sixth resistor, a first end of the sixth resistor is connected with the collector of the fourth transistor, and a second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the control end of the switch tube; a third voltage stabilizing diode, a positive electrode of the third voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the collector of the fourth transistor, and a negative electrode of the third voltage stabilizing diode is connected with the emitter of the fourth transistor.
9. The high voltage protection circuit of claim 1, wherein, The direct-current power supply is a motor, and the protected circuit is a battery.
10. A vehicle characterized by comprising: The high-voltage protection circuit comprises the high-voltage protection circuit according to any one of claims 1-9.