Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module, which comprises a piece of back plate glass having a first direction and a second direction which are perpendicular to each other, a plurality of electric connection grids parallel to the first direction are arranged in the middle of the inner surface of the back plate glass, and convergence grids parallel to the first direction are arranged at two ends of the inner surface of the back plate glass. Packaging frames are arranged on the periphery of the inner surface of the back plate glass in the first direction and the second direction; the battery layer is arranged on the back plate glass in a stacked mode, a plurality of thin film battery modules arranged on the back plate glass in a stacked mode are connected in series through the electric connection grids to form a plurality of battery packs, and then the battery packs are connected in series or in parallel through the bus bars to obtain the battery layer; and the sealing layer is stacked on the battery layer and is obtained by filling a liquid transparent material in an area enclosed by the packaging frame and curing the liquid transparent material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar cell technology, specifically to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the manufacturing process of thin-film battery modules generally involves: fabricating a conductive layer on a transparent substrate, then fabricating a perovskite thin film layer (thin-film battery) on the entire surface of the conductive layer, and then scribing lines on the fabricated perovskite film layer to form various series or parallel sub-cells.

[0003] Therefore, the performance of thin-film battery modules is limited by the surface film quality in the perovskite thin film layer manufacturing process. The larger the thin-film battery module, the larger the film area needs to be, which makes the perovskite thin film formation process more complex, the requirements for film formation equipment higher, and the difficulty in controlling process parameters higher. This leads to a lower yield of perovskite thin films, resulting in a lower overall output efficiency of the thin-film battery module.

[0004] In addition, current thin-film battery modules typically use thermoplastic POE encapsulation film and backsheet encapsulation glass for direct encapsulation lamination during the encapsulation process. After lamination, the encapsulation film bonds the backsheet glass and the battery together. However, this encapsulation method is prone to delamination and peeling between the back electrode and the encapsulation film, which can also lead to a reduction in the efficiency of the battery module. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem of low efficiency in existing large-size thin-film battery modules due to the complex process and low yield of thin-film due to the need for large-area film deposition. A new type of photovoltaic module is designed to solve the problem of low efficiency in existing large-size thin-film battery modules caused by the need for large-area perovskite thin film deposition.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0007] This utility model designs a photovoltaic module, which includes the following:

[0008] A back glass has a first direction and a second direction that are perpendicular to each other. A plurality of electrical connection grids are arranged in the middle part of the inner surface of the back glass parallel to the first direction. A busbar grid is arranged at both ends of the inner surface of the back glass parallel to the first direction. An encapsulation frame is arranged around the inner surface of the back glass along the first direction and the second direction.

[0009] The battery layer is stacked on the back glass. It is formed by first connecting several thin-film battery modules stacked on the back glass in series through the electrical connection grid to form several battery packs, and then connecting several battery packs in series or in parallel through the busbar to obtain the battery layer.

[0010] And a sealing layer, which is stacked on the battery layer, is obtained by filling the area enclosed by the encapsulation frame with a liquid transparent material and then curing it.

[0011] Furthermore, in a photovoltaic module, the inner surface of the backsheet glass is also provided with a patterned structure.

[0012] Furthermore, a photovoltaic module: the electrical connection grid is composed of several discontinuously arranged electrical connection grid segments.

[0013] Furthermore, a photovoltaic module: the busbar is composed of several continuous or discontinuous busbar segments;

[0014] When the busbar segments are not continuously arranged, the busbar is used for series connection between several battery packs; otherwise, it is used for parallel connection between several battery packs.

[0015] Furthermore, in a photovoltaic module, the encapsulation frame is fixedly bonded to the back glass using sealant.

[0016] Furthermore, in a photovoltaic module: the thin-film battery module is bonded to the backsheet glass using a liquid transparent material.

[0017] Furthermore, a photovoltaic module: the thin-film battery module is formed by connecting several sub-cells in series.

[0018] Furthermore, a photovoltaic module: the thin-film battery module includes:

[0019] Transparent substrate;

[0020] A transparent conductive layer is stacked on the transparent substrate;

[0021] A first transmission layer is stacked on the transparent conductive layer;

[0022] A perovskite absorber layer is stacked on the first transport layer;

[0023] A second transport layer is stacked on the perovskite absorber layer;

[0024] And a back electrode, which is stacked on the second transmission layer;

[0025] The transparent conductive layer and the back electrode are respectively provided with a positive electrode lead-out portion and a negative electrode lead-out portion.

[0026] Furthermore, in a photovoltaic module, a light-trapping structure is also provided on the sealing layer.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0028] (1) The photovoltaic module structure designed in this utility model, by designing electrical connection grids and busbars on the inner surface of the backsheet glass and modularizing the battery layer, allows a large-size battery layer to be formed by electrically connecting several pre-prepared small thin-film battery modules through electrical connection grids and busbars. This avoids the problem of large-area perovskite thin film preparation required for existing large-size modules. Large-area perovskite thin film preparation not only has high requirements for process and equipment, but also makes it difficult to guarantee the film quality. The module structure designed in this utility model only requires small-area perovskite thin film preparation to form thin-film battery modules. Then, several thin-film battery modules are combined with the backsheet glass to form a large-size module structure. Therefore, the module structure designed in this application does not require large-area perovskite thin film preparation. Its process restrictions are small, and the thin film yield and quality are high, thus ensuring high module efficiency.

[0029] (2) In this invention, a sealing frame is provided on the back glass. By filling the area enclosed by the sealing frame with liquid transparent material and allowing it to solidify to form a sealing layer, it can replace the sealing film in traditional thin-film modules. It also avoids the problem of delamination between the back electrode and the sealing film after lamination in traditional thin-film modules, thus avoiding a certain degree of reduction in module efficiency. At the same time, the back glass of this invention is also provided with a patterned structure, which, together with the sealing frame around the perimeter, forms photovoltaic glass. When the glass is subjected to external impact, it can effectively reduce the impact force acting on the photovoltaic glass. The patterned structure of the back glass can also fully reflect and diffuse the incident light in the structure, greatly extending the optical path, so that the perovskite absorption layer can finally fully absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy, thereby improving the module conversion efficiency.

[0030] (3) The photovoltaic module designed in this utility model is composed of multiple thin-film battery modules connected and packaged through electrical connection grids and busbars. It has fewer process restrictions, higher output efficiency, and because the area of ​​each thin-film battery module is relatively small, the process restrictions are smaller, reducing the process difficulty, reducing equipment requirements, and increasing the yield. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the back glass structure in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the backplate glass and the thin-film battery module in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure in Example 1;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a layered schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module provided in Example 1;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the thin-film battery module in Example 1.

[0037] Marked in the image:

[0038] 1-Backsheet glass, 2-Battery layer, 3-Sealing layer, 4-Liquid transparent material layer, 11-Electrical connection grid, 12-Bucket grid, 13-Encapsulation frame, 21-Thin film battery module, 22-Battery pack, 111-Electrical connection grid segment, 121-Bucket grid segment, 210-Sub-cell, 211-Transparent substrate, 212-Transparent conductive layer, 213-First transport layer, 214-Perovskite absorber layer, 215-Second transport layer, 216-Back electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present utility model or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this utility model described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a photovoltaic module, which includes:

[0043] A back glass 1 has a first direction and a second direction that are perpendicular to each other. A plurality of electrical connection grids 11 are arranged in the middle part of the inner surface of the back glass 1 parallel to the first direction. The electrical connection grids 11 are composed of a plurality of discontinuous electrical connection grid segments 111. Both ends of the inner surface of the back glass 1 are arranged in parallel to the first direction. The current-collecting grids 12 are composed of a plurality of discontinuous current-collecting grid segments 121. An encapsulation frame 13 is fixedly bonded to the inner surface of the back glass 1 around the perimeter along the first direction and the second direction by sealant. The inner surface of the back glass 1 is also provided with a patterned structure.

[0044] Battery layer 2 is stacked on the back glass 1. Battery layer 2 includes 12 thin-film battery modules 21, of which 4 thin-film battery modules 21 are stacked on the back glass 1 along the second direction and connected in series through several electrical connection grids 11 to form a battery pack 22, forming a total of 3 battery packs 22. The 3 battery packs 22 are then connected in series through the busbar 12 to form battery layer 2. Specifically, the thin-film battery modules 21 are bonded to the back glass 1 by liquid transparent material, which forms a liquid transparent material layer 4.

[0045] And a sealing layer 3, which is stacked on the battery layer 2, is obtained by filling the area enclosed by the encapsulation frame 13 with liquid transparent material and then curing it. The sealing layer 3 is also provided with a light trapping structure.

[0046] The thin-film battery module 21 includes a transparent substrate 211, a transparent conductive layer 212, a first transport layer 213, a perovskite absorber layer 214, a second transport layer 215, and a back electrode 216, which are stacked sequentially from bottom to top. The transparent conductive layer 212 and the back electrode 216 are also provided with a positive electrode lead-out portion and a negative electrode lead-out portion, respectively.

[0047] In the above embodiment 1, each thin-film battery module 21 is formed by connecting 5 sub-batteries 210 in series. Then, the positive electrode lead and negative electrode lead of the thin-film battery module 21 are led out. The four thin-film battery modules 21 are connected in series through the electrical connection grid 11 on the glass substrate 1 to form a battery pack 22. The positive electrode lead and negative electrode lead of the three battery packs 22 are electrically connected to the busbars 12 at both ends, thereby forming a battery layer 2 in series.

[0048] The manufacturing method of the components in Embodiment 1 above:

[0049] (1) First, a backplate glass 1 with an electrical connection grid 11, a busbar 12 and a packaging frame 13 is made. Then, the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead of the thin film battery module 21 with a liquid transparent material coated on the back surface are electrically connected to the electrical connection grid 11 in the backplate glass 1 through conductive adhesive, thereby forming a battery pack 22 in series.

[0050] (2) The positive electrode lead-out part and the negative electrode lead-out part in the battery pack 22 are electrically connected through the busbars 12 at both ends of the back plate glass 1 by conductive adhesive to realize the series connection of each battery pack 22, thereby forming the battery layer 2.

[0051] (3) After filling the area enclosed by the encapsulation frame 13 on the back glass 1 with liquid transparent material, place a peelable light trapping structure plate to cover the encapsulation frame 13. After the liquid transparent material has solidified, remove the light trapping structure plate to form a sealing layer 3 of the light trapping structure on the light-incident surface, thus completing the production of the photovoltaic module.

[0052] As can be seen, the component structure of Example 1 only requires the fabrication of a small area of ​​perovskite thin film to form a thin-film battery module 21. Then, several thin-film battery modules 21 are combined and electrically connected with the backsheet glass 1 to obtain a large-size photovoltaic module structure. Therefore, the component structure designed in this application does not require a large-area perovskite thin film deposition process, thus avoiding the problems of complex processes, high requirements for film deposition equipment, and low film yield and quality faced in the current large-area perovskite thin film deposition process, thereby avoiding the problem of low module efficiency. At the same time, in Example 1, an encapsulation frame 13 is provided on the backsheet glass 1. By filling the area enclosed by the encapsulation frame 13 with liquid transparent material and allowing it to solidify to form a sealing layer 3, it can replace the POE encapsulation film in traditional thin-film modules. It also avoids the problem of easy delamination between the back electrode and the encapsulation film after lamination in traditional thin-film modules, thus avoiding the reduction in module efficiency to a certain extent. In summary, the photovoltaic module of Example 1 is formed by connecting and encapsulating multiple thin-film battery modules 21 through electrical connection grid 11 and busbar 12. It does not require large-area perovskite thin film preparation, and because the area of ​​each thin-film battery module 21 is relatively small, its output efficiency is higher, the process restrictions are smaller, the process difficulty is reduced, the equipment requirements are reduced, and the yield is higher.

[0053] The above-described preferred embodiments of this utility model are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Any obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of this utility model are still within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic module comprises: a backsheet glass (1) having a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to each other, a middle part of an inner surface of the backsheet glass (1) being provided with a plurality of electric connection grids (11) parallel to the first direction, two ends of the inner surface of the backsheet glass (1) being provided with a plurality of bus grids (12) parallel to the first direction, and a sealing frame (13) being provided around the inner surface of the backsheet glass (1) along the first direction and the second direction; a cell layer (2) being provided on the backsheet glass (1) in a stacked manner, the cell layer (2) being obtained by connecting a plurality of thin-film cell modules (21) provided on the backsheet glass (1) in a stacked manner in series through the electric connection grids (11) to form a plurality of cell groups (22), and then connecting the cell groups (22) in series or in parallel through the bus grids (12); and a sealing layer (3) being provided on the cell layer (2) in a stacked manner, the sealing layer (3) being obtained by filling a liquid transparent material in an area enclosed by the sealing frame (13) and then solidifying the liquid transparent material.

2. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, The inner surface of the backsheet glass (1) is further provided with a pattern structure.

3. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, The electric connection grid (11) is composed of a plurality of non-continuous electric connection grid sub-segments (111).

4. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, The bus grid (12) is composed of a plurality of continuous or non-continuous bus grid sub-segments (121). When the bus grid sub-segments (121) are non-continuous, the bus grid (12) is used for series connection between the cell groups (22), and vice versa, for parallel connection between the cell groups (22).

5. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, The sealing frame (13) is fixedly bonded to the backsheet glass (1) by a sealing adhesive.

6. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, The thin-film cell module (21) is bonded to the backsheet glass (1) by the liquid transparent material.

7. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, The thin-film cell module (21) is formed by connecting a plurality of sub-cells (210) in series.

8. A photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein, The thin-film cell module (21) comprises: a transparent substrate (211); a transparent conductive layer (212) provided on the transparent substrate (211) in a stacked manner; a first transport layer (213) provided on the transparent conductive layer (212) in a stacked manner; a perovskite absorption layer (214) provided on the first transport layer (213) in a stacked manner; a second transport layer (215) provided on the perovskite absorption layer (214) in a stacked manner; and a back electrode (216) provided on the second transport layer (215) in a stacked manner; wherein the transparent conductive layer (212) and the back electrode (216) are further respectively provided with a positive electrode lead-out part and a negative electrode lead-out part.

9. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, The sealing layer (3) is further provided with a light-trapping structure.

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