Forest header

Abstract

The utility model discloses a forest header, relates to the field of harvesters, and solves the technical problems that an existing header is poor in rigid structure adaptation, weak in grabbing and easy to block, and scraps splash to hurt operators, the forest header comprises a support, and ground contour detection mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the support. The outer sides of the ground contour detection mechanisms on the two sides are each provided with two symmetrically-arranged feeding mechanisms, and a shrub lodging fork is fixedly arranged in the middle of the top of the support. Through the technical means of concentric shaft transmission, closed-loop synchronous control, symmetrical flow channel design and the like, the industrial pain points of low transmission efficiency, frequent material blockage, poor terrain adaptability and the like in the forest harvesting process are systematically solved, the comprehensive benefits of shrub harvesting operation can be remarkably improved, and the working efficiency is improved. The method is especially suitable for large-scale harvesting of biomass energy forests, ecological restoration engineering and other scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of harvester technology, and more specifically to a timber harvesting platform. Background Technology

[0002] Shrub harvesters are mainly used for forestry management, ecological restoration, large-scale harvesting of biomass energy crops (such as willows and shrub willows), and vegetation clearing around roads or power facilities. Traditional harvesting platforms are mostly improvements on crop harvesting equipment, but shrubs have characteristics such as high lignification, irregular distribution, and complex growing environments (such as slopes and gravel areas), which leads to significant deficiencies in the efficiency, adaptability, and reliability of existing equipment.

[0003] The existing harvesting table has poor adaptability due to its rigid structure. Fixed cutting blades or saw blades are difficult to adapt to the differences in the diameter of shrub roots (such as 3-15cm), which can easily lead to jamming or breakage. The shrub conveying system has a weak gripping ability for high-fiber shrubs, and the rebound of branches can cause a blockage rate as high as 15%-20%. The open structure design can cause debris to fly and injure operators. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the technical problems of poor adaptability of existing harvesting platforms with rigid structures, weak gripping and easy clogging, and debris flying and injuring operators. This utility model provides a forest harvesting platform.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A timber harvesting platform includes a support frame, with ground contour detection mechanisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support frame, and two sets of feeding components respectively arranged on the outer side of each ground contour detection mechanism;

[0006] The feeding assembly includes:

[0007] Drive components, including a saw blade motor and a feed motor;

[0008] A coaxial transmission system includes a main drive shaft driven by a saw blade motor and a main feed disc coaxially mounted thereon, wherein the end of the main drive shaft is connected to a harvesting saw blade.

[0009] The auxiliary transmission system includes an auxiliary feeding shaft driven by a feeding motor and a keyed auxiliary feeding disc;

[0010] The linkage mechanism includes a synchronous transmission component located between the auxiliary feeding shaft and the main feeding shaft;

[0011] The harvesting saw blade is fixed to the main drive shaft by a radially extending connection structure, and the main feeding shaft of the main feeding disc and the main drive shaft are connected to each other by a bearing assembly.

[0012] Preferably, the support has a shrub-falling fork at the top center; one end of the main drive shaft is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the saw blade motor, and the other end is fixedly connected to the harvesting saw blade through a flange.

[0013] Preferably, the main feeding shaft is sleeved on the outer periphery of the main drive shaft through a first bearing assembly, and the main feeding shaft and the main drive shaft are arranged concentrically.

[0014] Preferably, the auxiliary feeding shaft is fixed to the bracket via a second bearing assembly, the auxiliary feeding disc is keyed to the middle of the auxiliary feeding shaft, and the output shaft of the feeding motor is drivenly connected to the auxiliary feeding shaft via a coupling.

[0015] Preferably, the synchronous transmission assembly includes a driving pulley, a synchronous belt, and a driven pulley. The driving pulley is fixed to one end of the auxiliary feeding shaft near the feeding motor, and the driven pulley is fixed to the end of the main feeding shaft. The driving pulley and the driven pulley form a closed-loop transmission through the synchronous belt.

[0016] Preferably, the ground contour detection mechanism includes a side baffle, a flexible steel strip, and an angle sensor. The angle sensor is installed on the side baffle, and one end of the flexible steel strip is connected to the angle sensor.

[0017] Preferably, the flexible steel strip is hinged to the side baffle by a pre-tensioning spring, and its end is rigidly connected to the rotation shaft of the angle sensor.

[0018] Preferably, trapezoidal feeding teeth are evenly distributed around the periphery of the main feeding disc, and at least six crossbars are evenly distributed circumferentially at the bottom of the main feeding disc, with the axis of each crossbar forming an angle of 30°-45° with the radial direction of the main feeding disc; material pushing rods are evenly distributed circumferentially in the lower middle part of the main feeding disc, and the installation height of each material pushing rod is lower than that of the crossbars and extends outward along the axial direction of the main feeding disc, with an anti-rebound bending part at its end.

[0019] Preferably, the height of the trapezoidal feeding tooth is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the crossbar, and the radius of the rounded corner R at the bottom of the tooth groove is ≥5mm.

[0020] Preferably, the circumferential edge of the auxiliary feeding disc is provided with a set of first clearance grooves corresponding to the axial extension path of the material pushing rod; the radial position of the surface of the auxiliary feeding disc is provided with a set of second clearance grooves corresponding to the rotation trajectory of the crossbar, and its inner wall maintains a gap of 2-5mm with the surface of the crossbar.

[0021] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0022] 1. The dual-axis concentric nested layout improves transmission efficiency and space utilization. This is achieved through a concentric nested design of the main feeding shaft and the main drive shaft, which rotate independently via the first bearing assembly. This results in highly efficient power transmission, with the main drive shaft directly driving the main feeding disc, reducing intermediate transmission losses (measured energy utilization improvement ≥15%). Space is also optimized; the collinear dual-axis layout reduces the lateral dimension of the feeding mechanism by 30%, adapting to narrow forest operating environments. Furthermore, it offers strong resistance to eccentric loads, with the concentric structure balancing radial loads and reducing vibration and noise (≤75dB, 10dB better than the industry standard).

[0023] 2. The closed-loop synchronous belt drive system ensures precise and coordinated material feeding actions. This is manifested in the auxiliary feeding shaft driving the main feeding shaft through a closed-loop transmission of the active pulley, synchronous belt, and driven pulley. This results in high synchronization accuracy. The double-sided toothed synchronous belt eliminates the risk of tooth skipping associated with traditional chain drives, and the phase error between the main and auxiliary feeding discs is ≤±2°. The flexible synchronous belt transmission automatically slips when materials are jammed, reducing the probability of motor burnout (failure rate reduced by 60%). The modular pulley design supports quick replacement, reducing maintenance time from 2 hours to 20 minutes.

[0024] 3. The symmetrical feeding mechanism combined with the inverted fork optimizes the material flow path. This is manifested in the symmetrical arrangement of the feeding mechanism on both sides and the centrally located shrub inverted fork at the top. The symmetrical feeding discs create a centripetal material flow, and with the guiding effect of the inverted fork, the branch rebound rate is reduced by 45%, thus preventing blockage. The dual-sided dynamic balance avoids the deformation of the support caused by unilateral load (actual lifespan extended to 5000 hours), thus achieving balanced stress distribution. The centrally located inverted fork can adapt to shrubs of different crown widths (0.5-3m in diameter) without frequent adjustments, making it highly adaptable.

[0025] 4. Ground contour detection and linkage control enhance adaptability to complex terrain. This is manifested in the symmetrical arrangement of the ground contour detection mechanism, which feeds back terrain data to the control system in real time. The height of the material feeding disc is automatically adjusted according to the slope (±25°), reducing the missed cutting rate from 12% to below 3%.

[0026] 5. Modular bearing assemblies and quick-release structures enhance maintenance convenience, as evidenced by the separate flange mounting of the first and second bearing assemblies. Each bearing assembly can be disassembled individually without requiring the entire drive shaft to be disassembled, improving maintenance efficiency by 70%. Attached Figure Description

[0027] This utility model will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the structure of this utility model (AA).

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a partial axial schematic diagram of the ground contour detection mechanism of this utility model;

[0032] The components in the diagram are labeled as follows: 1-Support, 2-Saw blade motor, 3-Bush-falling fork, 4-Main drive shaft, 5-Ground contour detection mechanism, 51-Side baffle, 52-Flexible steel belt, 53-Angle sensor, 6-Harvesting saw blade, 7-Main feed plate, 8-Crossbar, 9-Feeding motor, 10-Synchronous belt, 11-Bush-falling fork angle adjustment mechanism, 12-Auxiliary feed plate, 13-Auxiliary feed shaft, 14-Driven pulley, 15-Main feed shaft, 16-Drive pulley, 17-Flange, 18-First bearing assembly, 19-Second bearing assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a timber harvesting platform, including a support 1. Ground contour detection mechanisms 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support 1, and two sets of feeding components are respectively arranged on the outer side of each ground contour detection mechanism 5.

[0036] The top center of the support 1 is provided with a shrub fork 3;

[0037] The feeding assembly includes:

[0038] The drive assembly includes a saw blade motor 2 and a feeding motor 9;

[0039] The coaxial transmission system includes a main drive shaft 4 driven by a saw blade motor 2 and a main feed disc 7 coaxially mounted thereon, with the end of the main drive shaft 4 connected to a harvesting saw blade 6.

[0040] The auxiliary transmission system includes an auxiliary feeding shaft 13 driven by a feeding motor 9 and a keyed auxiliary feeding disc 12;

[0041] The linkage mechanism includes a synchronous transmission component located between the auxiliary feeding shaft 13 and the main feeding shaft 15;

[0042] The harvesting saw blade 6 is fixed to the main drive shaft 4 by a radially extending connection structure, and the main feeding shaft 15 of the main feeding disc 7 and the main drive shaft 4 are connected to each other by a bearing assembly.

[0043] In another embodiment of this utility model, the feeding mechanism includes:

[0044] The saw blade motor 2, the main drive shaft 4 and the harvesting saw blade 6 are provided. One end of the main drive shaft 4 is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the saw blade motor 2, and the other end is fixedly connected to the harvesting saw blade 6 through the flange 17.

[0045] The main feeding shaft 15 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the main drive shaft 4 through the first bearing assembly 18, and the main feeding shaft 15 and the main drive shaft 4 are arranged concentrically.

[0046] The auxiliary feeding shaft 13, the auxiliary feeding disc 12, and the feeding motor 9 are provided. The auxiliary feeding shaft 13 is fixed to the bracket 1 by the second bearing group 19. The auxiliary feeding disc 12 is keyed to the middle of the auxiliary feeding shaft 13. The output shaft of the feeding motor 9 is drivenly connected to the auxiliary feeding shaft 13 by a coupling.

[0047] The drive pulley 16, the timing belt 10, and the driven pulley 14 are provided. The drive pulley 16 is fixed to one end of the auxiliary feeding shaft 13 near the feeding motor 9. The driven pulley 14 is fixed to the end of the main feeding shaft 15. The drive pulley 16 and the driven pulley 14 form a closed-loop transmission through the timing belt 10.

[0048] In another embodiment of this utility model, a needle roller bearing is provided between the main feeding shaft 15 and the main drive shaft 4, and the outer surface of the main feeding shaft 15 is machined with axial heat dissipation grooves. The needle roller bearing reduces frictional loss, and the axial heat dissipation grooves enhance heat dissipation efficiency, extending the service life of the bearing and the drive shaft.

[0049] In another embodiment of this utility model, the flange 17 and the main feeding disc 7 are connected by a circumferentially distributed bolt group, and the mounting holes of the bolt group are staggered with the feeding teeth of the main feeding disc 7. The staggered distribution of the bolt group increases the connection rigidity, avoids stress concentration, and prevents the feeding disc from loosening and falling off.

[0050] In another embodiment of this utility model, the synchronous belt 10 is a double-sided toothed belt, with its inner teeth meshing with the driving pulley 16 and its outer teeth meshing with the driven pulley 14, forming a bidirectional torque transmission path. The double-sided toothed synchronous belt 10 achieves bidirectional power transmission, eliminates unilateral wear, and improves transmission stability by 30%.

[0051] In another embodiment of this utility model, the ground contour detection mechanism 5 includes a side baffle 51, a flexible steel strip 52, and an angle sensor 53. The angle sensor 53 is mounted on the side baffle 51, and one end of the flexible steel strip 52 is connected to the angle sensor 53. The combination of the flexible steel strip 52 and the angle sensor 53 detects terrain undulations in real time, with a terrain adaptability accuracy of ±2°.

[0052] In another embodiment of this invention, the flexible steel strip 52 is hinged to the side baffle 51 via a pre-tension spring, and its end is rigidly connected to the rotation shaft of the angle sensor 53. The pre-tension spring maintains a constant contact pressure on the steel strip, and the rigid connection ensures that the angle signal is transmitted without hysteresis.

[0053] In another embodiment of this utility model, trapezoidal feeding teeth are evenly distributed around the periphery of the main feeding disc 7. At least six crossbars 8 are evenly distributed circumferentially at the bottom of the main feeding disc 7, with the axis of each crossbar 8 forming an angle of 30°-45° with the radial direction of the main feeding disc 7. Material pushing rods are evenly distributed circumferentially in the lower middle part of the main feeding disc 7. The installation height of each material pushing rod is lower than the crossbars 8 and extends outward along the axial direction of the main feeding disc 7, with an anti-rebound bending portion at its end. The trapezoidal teeth and the inclined crossbars 8 work together to guide the flow, and the anti-rebound bending portion reduces the branch blockage rate by over 40%.

[0054] In another embodiment of this utility model, the tooth height of the trapezoidal feeding tooth is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the crossbar 8, and the radius of the rounded corner R at the bottom of the tooth groove is ≥5mm. The tooth height ratio and the rounded corner of the tooth groove reduce stress concentration and extend the fatigue life of the tooth by 2.5 times.

[0055] In another embodiment of this invention, the surface of the anti-rebound bending portion is coated with a polyurethane wear-resistant layer with a Shore hardness of 80A-90A. The polyurethane wear-resistant layer combines cushioning and wear resistance properties, increasing the lifespan of the bending portion to 2000 hours.

[0056] In another embodiment of this utility model, a set of first clearance grooves is formed on the circumferential edge of the auxiliary feeding disc 12 corresponding to the axial extension path of the material pushing rod. The depth of the first clearance grooves is greater than the maximum radial displacement of the material pushing rod. A set of second clearance grooves is formed on the radial position of the surface of the auxiliary feeding disc 12 corresponding to the rotation trajectory of the crossbar 8. The width of the second clearance grooves is 1.2-1.5 times the diameter of the crossbar 8, and its inner wall maintains a 2-5mm gap with the surface of the crossbar 8. The double clearance grooves precisely match the motion trajectory, reducing the mechanical interference rate to 0.1% and halving the maintenance cost.

[0057] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: The forest harvesting platform of this utility model relies on the coordinated operation of three core modules: terrain adaptive detection, power collaborative transmission, and three-dimensional flow guidance harvesting to achieve efficient and stable shrub harvesting.

[0058] During operation, as the equipment moves, the symmetrically arranged ground contour detection mechanism 5 keeps in constant contact with the ground surface. The flexible steel belt 52 deforms with the undulations of the ground, driving the angle sensor 53 to output a slope signal. Based on this, the control system dynamically adjusts the hydraulic lifting mechanism of the harvesting table to keep the saw blade at the optimal cutting height of 10-30cm from the ground. The shrub canopy 3 presses down on the shrub canopy in the center to form a centripetal guide channel and prevent the branches from rebounding disorderly.

[0059] The saw blade motor 2 drives the main drive shaft 4 to rotate at high speed (speed ≥ 2000 rpm), which drives the main feeding disc 7 to rotate. The trapezoidal feeding teeth around the main feeding disc 7 cooperate with the saw teeth to cut the roots of the shrub. The cut branches are captured by the feeding teeth and conveyed to the center along the bottom inclined crossbar 8 (30°-45° angle). The material push rod then pushes the branches into the collection device, and the end anti-rebound bending part prevents the branches from rebounding.

[0060] The feeding motor 9 drives the auxiliary feeding shaft 13 to rotate, and transmits power through the system of the driving pulley 16, the synchronous belt 10, and the driven pulley 14. The main feeding disc 7 and the auxiliary feeding disc 12 rotate synchronously (speed ratio 1:1). When the load changes suddenly, the synchronous belt 10 automatically buffers the flexible transmission to protect the drive system.

[0061] The symmetrical feeding mechanisms on both sides create a centripetal material flow. The main feeding shaft 15 and the main drive shaft 4 are nested concentrically and rotate independently with low friction via needle roller bearings. The auxiliary feeding disc 12 has clearance grooves to match the movement trajectory of the main feeding disc 7. The power is evenly distributed on both sides, improving the stability of the equipment.

[0062] This utility model utilizes innovative technologies such as terrain perception and closed-loop control, achieving a harvesting efficiency of 8-12 mu / hour, which is 50% higher than traditional equipment. It is suitable for complex forest land with a slope of ≤25° and shrub diameter of 3-15cm, and has an overall failure rate of less than 1.2 times / thousand hours, significantly reducing the cost of biomass energy harvesting.

Claims

1. A forest harvesting head comprising a support frame (1), characterized in that: ground contour detecting mechanisms (5) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support frame (1), and two groups of feeding assemblies are arranged on the outside of each ground contour detecting mechanism (5); the feeding assemblies comprise: a driving assembly comprising a saw blade motor (2) and a raking motor (9); a coaxial transmission system comprising a main driving shaft (4) driven by the saw blade motor (2) and a coaxially sleeved main raking disc (7), and the end of the main driving shaft (4) is connected with a harvesting saw blade (6); an auxiliary transmission system comprising an auxiliary raking shaft (13) driven by the raking motor (9) and a key-connected auxiliary raking disc (12); a linkage mechanism comprising a synchronous transmission assembly arranged between the auxiliary raking shaft (13) and the main raking shaft (15); the harvesting saw blade (6) is fixed with the main driving shaft (4) through a radially extending connecting structure, and the main raking shaft (15) of the main raking disc (7) is relatively rotatably connected with the main driving shaft (4) through a bearing assembly; a bushing (3) is arranged on the top of the support frame (1); one end of the main driving shaft (4) is coaxially connected with the output shaft of the saw blade motor (2), and the other end is fixedly connected with the harvesting saw blade (6) through a flange (17); the main raking shaft (15) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the main driving shaft (4) through a first bearing set (18), and the main raking shaft (15) and the main driving shaft (4) are arranged in a concentric shaft manner; the auxiliary raking shaft (13) is fixed with the support frame (1) through a second bearing set (19), the auxiliary raking disc (12) is key-connected to the middle part of the auxiliary raking shaft (13), and the output shaft of the raking motor (9) is drivingly connected with the auxiliary raking shaft (13) through a shaft coupling; the synchronous transmission assembly comprises a driving pulley (16), a synchronous belt (10) and a driven pulley (14), the driving pulley (16) is fixed to one end of the auxiliary raking shaft (13) close to the raking motor (9), the driven pulley (14) is fixed to the end of the main raking shaft (15), and the driving pulley (16) forms a closed loop transmission with the driven pulley (14) through the synchronous belt (10); the ground contour detecting mechanism (5) comprises a side baffle (51), a flexible steel belt (52) and an angle sensor (53), the side baffle (51) is provided with the angle sensor (53), and one end of the flexible steel belt (52) is connected with the angle sensor (53); the flexible steel belt (52) is hinged to the side baffle (51) through a pre-tightening spring, and the end thereof is rigidly connected with the rotating shaft of the angle sensor (53); the periphery of the main raking disc (7) is uniformly distributed with trapezoidal raking teeth, the bottom of the main raking disc (7) is circumferentially uniformly distributed with at least six cross bars (8), the axis of each cross bar (8) forms an angle of 30°-45° with the radial direction of the main raking disc (7), the middle and lower part of the main raking disc (7) is circumferentially uniformly distributed with material pushing rods, the installation height of each material pushing rod is lower than that of the cross bar (8) and extends outward along the axial direction of the main raking disc (7), and the end thereof is provided with an anti-rebound bending part. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The tree harvesting head of claim 1, wherein: ​ 3. The tree harvesting head of claim 2, wherein: ​ 4. The tree harvesting head of claim 3, wherein: ​ 5. The tree harvesting head of claim 3, wherein: ​ 6. The tree harvesting head of claim 1, wherein: ​ 7. The tree harvesting head of claim 6, wherein: ​ 8. A tree harvesting head according to claim 1 wherein, ​ 9. The tree harvesting head of claim 8, wherein: The tooth height of the trapezoidal shoveling tooth is 1.2-1.5 times of the diameter of the cross bar (8), and the tooth groove bottom radius R is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

10. The tree harvesting head of claim 8, wherein: The circumferential edge of the auxiliary shoveling disc (12) is provided with a group of first avoiding grooves corresponding to the axial extension path of the material pushing rod; the disc surface radial position of the auxiliary shoveling disc (12) is provided with a group of second avoiding grooves corresponding to the rotation track of the cross bar (8), and the inner wall thereof keeps a gap of 2-5 mm with the surface of the cross bar (8).

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