Fire-fighting equipment aging safety detection device
By designing a fire protection facility aging safety testing device with handheld and clamping components, the problem of folding ladders being inconvenient to carry was solved, enabling convenient disassembly and testing of smoke detectors and reducing staff fatigue.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Using a folding ladder for aging safety testing of smoke detectors is inconvenient to carry and increases staff fatigue.
A fire protection facility aging safety detection device was designed, which includes a handheld component and a clamping component. By cooperating with the inner rod and the outer rod, the clamping component is aligned with and clamped to the smoke sensor. The inner rod is then pushed to drive the smoke sensor to rotate, thus achieving the goal of disassembling the folding ladder without the need for disassembly.
This device replaces the folding ladder for disassembling smoke detectors, making them easier to carry, reducing worker fatigue, and improving detection efficiency.
Smart Images

Figure CN223993099U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of structural devices for aging safety testing of fire protection facilities, specifically a device for aging safety testing of fire protection facilities. Background Technology
[0002] Fire protection facilities are important safety assurance facilities that can be used to respond quickly in the event of a fire and reduce the loss of personal safety and property. They include equipment such as fire hydrants, fire boxes, hoses, and smoke detectors. Among them, smoke detectors can provide an early warning of a fire, so the sensitivity of smoke detectors is crucial.
[0003] Smoke detectors are divided into wired and wireless installations. Wireless installations are mostly clipped to the top of the ceiling. After a period of use, smoke detectors need to undergo aging safety testing. A common testing method is for staff to use a folding ladder to climb up and disassemble them. However, this method is inconvenient to carry because it requires a folding ladder and increases the fatigue of the staff. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for aging safety testing of fire protection facilities, in order to solve the problem that using a folding ladder for aging safety testing of smoke detectors is inconvenient to carry and increases the fatigue of staff.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a safety detection device for aging fire protection facilities, comprising a handheld assembly, the handheld assembly comprising an outer rod and an inner rod, the top of the inner wall of the outer rod being provided with a tubular protrusion, the outer wall of the inner rod being slidably connected to the inner wall of the tubular protrusion of the outer rod, the top of the outer wall of the inner rod being semi-circular, and a clamping assembly being provided at the top of the outer wall of the inner rod, the clamping assembly comprising a sleeve, a sliding plate, a threaded cap, a threaded rod, and a sliding sleeve;
[0006] Multiple sleeves are arranged circumferentially on the top of the outer wall of the inner rod. A sliding plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the sleeve. One side of the outer wall of the sliding plate is in contact with the inner wall of the inner rod. The bottom of the outer wall of the sliding plate is inclined. The two sides of the outer wall of the sliding plate are not in contact. A threaded cap is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the sleeve and extends to the bottom of the outer wall of the sleeve. The outer wall of the threaded cap is slidably connected to the other side of the outer wall of the sliding plate. The bottom end of the threaded cap is frustoconical. A threaded rod is located at the top of the inner wall of the threaded cap and extends to the bottom of the outer wall of the threaded cap. The threaded rod is threadedly connected to the threaded cap. The height of the outer wall of the threaded rod is greater than the height of the inner wall of the threaded cap. A square groove is provided at the top of the outer wall of the threaded rod. A sliding sleeve is located at the bottom of the outer wall of the threaded rod. The bottom of the inner wall of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the threaded rod. The top of the outer wall of the sliding sleeve is provided with a slope that matches the bottom of the outer wall of the sliding plate. The outer wall of the sliding sleeve is slidably connected to the inner wall of the inner rod.
[0007] As a further improvement of this utility model: the handheld component also includes a threaded groove and a threaded protrusion;
[0008] The threaded groove is provided on the inner wall of the tubular protrusion of the outer rod, and the threaded protrusion is provided at the bottom of the outer wall of the inner rod and extends to one side of the outer wall of the inner rod. The threaded protrusion is threadedly connected to the threaded groove.
[0009] As a further improvement of this utility model: the clamping assembly also includes a soft protrusion;
[0010] Multiple soft protrusions are provided, and the multiple soft protrusions are arranged linearly on one side of the outer wall of the sleeve. The height of the inner wall of the sleeve is greater than the height of the outer wall of the smoke sensor.
[0011] As a further improvement of this utility model, the clamping assembly also includes a rotating protrusion and a rotating groove;
[0012] The rotating protrusion is disposed on one side of the outer wall of the slide and is fixedly connected to the slide. The top of the outer wall of the rotating protrusion is flush with the top of the outer wall of the slide and the top of the outer wall of the inner rod. Multiple rotating grooves are provided, and the multiple rotating grooves are arranged in a circle on the top of the outer wall of the inner rod. A rotating shaft is provided at the center of the rotating groove. The rotating shaft completely passes through both ends of the outer wall of the rotating protrusion and is rotatably connected to the rotating protrusion. The outer wall of the rotating protrusion is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the rotating groove.
[0013] As a further improvement of this utility model: the clamping assembly also includes a spring and a base plate;
[0014] The spring is located at the bottom of the outer wall of the sliding sleeve and is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve. The base plate is located on the inner wall of the inner rod and is fixedly connected to the inner rod. The top of the outer wall of the base plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of the spring.
[0015] As a further improvement of this utility model, the clamping assembly also includes an elliptical groove and an elliptical cylinder;
[0016] Multiple elliptical grooves are provided, and the multiple elliptical grooves are arranged in a circle on one side of the outer wall of the inner rod and completely penetrate into the inner wall of the elliptical groove. The outer wall of the elliptical cylinder is slidably connected to the inner wall of the elliptical groove, and one side of the outer wall of the elliptical cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0018] By setting up a clamping assembly, when testing a smoke sensor, the operator only needs to unfold the inner and outer rods, align the clamping assembly with the smoke sensor, and ensure that the outer wall of the sleeve is against the outer wall of the smoke sensor, with the top of the threaded cap's outer wall and the bottom of the smoke sensor's outer wall in contact. Then, push the handheld assembly to raise the clamping assembly. At this point, the bottom of the smoke sensor's outer wall presses against the threaded cap, causing the threaded cap to slide down and press against the sliding plate. The sliding plate then causes the sleeve to tighten inward and fit tightly against the outer wall of the threaded cap, clamping the smoke sensor. At this point, simply turning the inner rod will rotate the smoke sensor, allowing it to be disassembled. This replaces the folding ladder and solves the problems of using a folding ladder for aging safety testing of smoke alarms, which is inconvenient to carry and increases operator fatigue. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded handheld component of this utility model;
[0021] Figure 3 This is a disassembly diagram of the handheld component of this utility model;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the clamping component of this utility model;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the bowl-shaped sleeve of this utility model.
[0024] In the diagram: 1. Handheld assembly; 101. Outer rod; 102. Threaded groove; 103. Inner rod; 104. Threaded protrusion; 2. Clamping assembly; 201. Sleeve; 202. Soft protrusion; 203. Sliding piece; 204. Rotating protrusion; 205. Rotating groove; 206. Threaded cap; 207. Threaded rod; 208. Sliding sleeve; 209. Spring; 210. Base plate; 211. Elliptical groove; 212. Elliptical cylinder. Detailed Implementation
[0025] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0026] Please see Figures 1-5 In this embodiment of the present invention, a device for detecting the aging safety of fire protection facilities includes a handheld component 1. The handheld component 1 includes an outer rod 101 and an inner rod 103. A tubular protrusion is provided on the top of the inner wall of the outer rod 101. The outer wall of the inner rod 103 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the tubular protrusion of the outer rod 101. The top of the outer wall of the inner rod 103 is semi-circular. A clamping component 2 is provided on the top of the outer wall of the inner rod 103. The clamping component 2 includes a sleeve 201, a sliding piece 203, a threaded cap 206, a threaded rod 207, and a sliding sleeve 208.
[0027] Multiple sleeves 201 are provided, arranged circumferentially on the top of the outer wall of the inner rod 103. A sliding plate 203 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the sleeves 201. One side of the outer wall of the sliding plate 203 is in contact with the inner wall of the inner rod 103, and the bottom of the outer wall of the sliding plate 203 is inclined. The two sides of the outer wall of the sliding plate 203 are not in contact. A threaded cap 206 is provided at the bottom of the inner wall of the sleeves 201 and extends to the bottom of the outer wall of the sleeves 201. The outer wall of the threaded cap 206 is slidably connected to the other side of the outer wall of the sliding plate 203. The bottom end of the threaded cap 206 is frustoconical. Threaded rod 207 The threaded rod 207 is threadedly connected to the threaded cap 206, with its outer wall height greater than that of the inner wall of the threaded cap 206. A square groove is provided on the top of the outer wall of the threaded rod 207. The sliding sleeve 208 is located at the bottom of the outer wall of the threaded rod 207, with its inner wall bottom fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the threaded rod 207. A slope matching the bottom of the outer wall of the sliding piece 203 is provided on the top of the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 208, and the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 208 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the inner rod 103.
[0028] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the inner diameter of the sleeve 201 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the smoke sensor, and the inner height of the sleeve 201 is greater than the outer height of the smoke sensor.
[0029] When performing aging safety testing on a smoke sensor, the operator only needs to carry the device consisting of the handheld component 1 and the clamping component 2. Upon reaching the area beneath the smoke sensor, the operator simply pulls the inner rod 103 out from inside the outer rod 101 and secures it. Then, the clamping component 2 at the top of the inner rod 103 is extended to the area beneath the smoke sensor, ensuring that the outer wall of the sleeve 201 is positioned on one side of the smoke sensor's outer wall, and the top of the threaded cap 206 is aligned with the bottom of the smoke sensor's outer wall. The operator then pushes the outer rod 101, causing the handheld component 1 to lift the clamping component 2. At this point, the bottom of the smoke sensor's outer wall... Pressing the threaded cap 206 downwards causes it to slide downwards. As the threaded cap 206 slides downwards, it drives the threaded rod 207 and the sliding sleeve 208 to slide down synchronously. The outer wall of the threaded cap 206 presses against the outer wall of the sliding plate 203, causing the sliding plate 203 to rotate until it is in contact with the inner wall of the inner rod 103. When the sliding plate 203 rotates, it moves the sleeve 201 closer to the outer wall of the smoke sensor through its cooperation with the inner wall of the inner rod 103. Once the inner wall of the sleeve 201 is in contact with the outer wall of the smoke sensor, it clamps the smoke sensor. At this point, simply turning the inner rod 103 will rotate the smoke sensor, thus clamping it to the inner wall. After disassembly, the clips separate, and the sliding sleeve 208 slides upward, pushing the threaded rod 207 and the threaded cap 206 to slide upward simultaneously. The sliding sleeve 208, with its top outer wall having a ramp matching the bottom outer wall of the sliding piece 203, presses the sliding piece 203 away from the inner wall of the inner rod 103, thereby moving the sleeve 201 away from the outer wall of the smoke sensor. This removes the clamping of the smoke sensor, making it easier for staff to remove the smoke sensor and perform aging safety testing. After testing, staff only need to place the smoke sensor on the top outer wall of the threaded cap 206 and then use the handheld component 1... Send the smoke sensor to the installation position, then push the handheld component 1 so that the sleeve 201 clamps the smoke sensor. Then turn the inner rod 103 so that the sleeve 201 drives the smoke sensor to rotate and engage with the buckle. This completes the aging safety test process for the smoke alarm. With the cooperation of the above parts, the method of disassembling the smoke alarm for aging safety testing is replaced by using a folding ladder. It is convenient to carry and lighter than a folding ladder. At the same time, it does not require staff to climb up and down, thus solving the problem that using a folding ladder for aging safety testing of smoke alarms is inconvenient to carry and increases the fatigue of staff.
[0030] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 2 , Figure 3 The handheld component 1 also includes a threaded groove 102 and a threaded protrusion 104;
[0031] The threaded groove 102 is provided on the inner wall of the tubular protrusion of the outer rod 101, and the threaded protrusion 104 is provided on the bottom of the outer wall of the inner rod 103 and extends to one side of the outer wall of the inner rod 103. The threaded protrusion 104 is threadedly connected to the threaded groove 102.
[0032] In this embodiment: by setting a threaded groove 102 and a threaded protrusion 104, the threaded groove 102 is set on the inner wall of the tubular protrusion of the outer rod 101, and the threaded protrusion 104 is set on the bottom of the outer wall of the inner rod 103 and extends to one side of the outer wall of the inner rod 103. The threaded protrusion 104 is threadedly connected to the threaded groove 102, so that when the handheld component 1 is unfolded, it is only necessary to twist the inner rod 103 and the outer rod 101 to fix the inner rod 103 and the outer rod 101 through the threaded connection of the threaded protrusion 104 and the threaded groove 102, thereby making it convenient for the staff to push the inner rod 103 and the outer rod 101 to drive the clamping component 2 to rise upward.
[0033] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 1-4 The clamping component 2 also includes a soft protrusion 202;
[0034] Multiple soft protrusions 202 are provided, and the multiple soft protrusions 202 are arranged linearly on one side of the outer wall of the sleeve 201. The height of the inner wall of the sleeve 201 is greater than the height of the outer wall of the smoke sensor.
[0035] In this embodiment: by setting soft protrusions 202, multiple soft protrusions 202 are arranged linearly on one side of the outer wall of the sleeve 201, so that when the sleeve 201 clamps the smoke sensor, the soft protrusions 202 can provide more friction between one side of the outer wall of the sleeve 201 and the outer wall of the smoke sensor, thereby enabling the sleeve 201 to drive the smoke sensor to rotate.
[0036] The height of the inner wall of the sleeve 201 is greater than the height of the outer wall of the smoke sensor, so that the smoke sensor will not affect the aggregation of the sleeve 201 and the clamping operation of the smoke sensor.
[0037] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 2-5 The clamping assembly 2 also includes a rotating protrusion 204 and a rotating groove 205;
[0038] The convex 204 is disposed on one side of the outer wall of the slide 203 and is fixedly connected to the slide 203. The top of the outer wall of the convex 204 is flush with the top of the outer wall of the slide 203 and the top of the outer wall of the inner rod 103. Multiple convex grooves 205 are provided, and the multiple convex grooves 205 are arranged in a circle on the top of the outer wall of the inner rod 103. A rotating shaft is provided at the center of the convex groove 205. The rotating shaft completely passes through both ends of the outer wall of the convex 204 and is rotatably connected to the convex 204. The outer wall of the convex 204 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the convex groove 205.
[0039] In this embodiment: By setting a rotating protrusion 204 and a rotating groove 205, the rotating protrusion 204 is set on one side of the outer wall of the slide 203, and multiple rotating grooves 205 are arranged in a circle on the top of the outer wall of the inner rod 103. A rotating shaft is set at the center of the rotating groove 205, and the rotating shaft completely passes through both ends of the outer wall of the rotating protrusion 204 and is rotatably connected to the rotating protrusion 204. This provides a basis for the rotatable connection between the outer wall of the rotating protrusion 204 and the inner wall of the rotating groove 205. Then, through the cooperation of the rotating protrusion 204, the rotating groove 205 and the inner rod 103, the rotation range of the slide 203 and the sleeve 201 is limited, and the slide 203 and the sleeve 201 cannot slide, thus ensuring the stable operation of the clamping assembly 2.
[0040] Please refer to this carefully. Figure 2 , Figure 3 The clamping assembly 2 also includes a spring 209 and a base plate 210;
[0041] Spring 209 is located at the bottom of the outer wall of sliding sleeve 208 and is fixedly connected to sliding sleeve 208. Base plate 210 is located on the inner wall of inner rod 103 and is fixedly connected to inner rod 103. The top of the outer wall of base plate 210 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bottom end of spring 209.
[0042] In this embodiment: by setting a spring 209 and a base plate 210, the spring 209 is set at the bottom of the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 208 and is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve 208. The base plate 210 is set at the inner wall of the inner rod 103 and is fixedly connected to the inner rod 103. The top of the outer wall of the base plate 210 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the spring 209. When the threaded cap 206 is squeezed by the smoke sensor, it drives the threaded rod 207 and the sliding sleeve 208 to slide down. The outer wall of the sliding sleeve 208 squeezes the spring 209 through the cooperation with the base plate 210. When the smoke sensor is removed, the spring 209 is released, pushing the sliding sleeve 208 to drive the threaded rod 207 and the threaded cap 206 to slide upward, thereby realizing the reset of the threaded cap 206. At the same time, the top of the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 208 squeezes the bottom of the outer wall of the sliding piece 203, so that the sliding piece 203 is away from the inner wall of the inner rod 103, thereby driving one side of the outer wall of the sleeve 201 away from the outer wall of the smoke sensor.
[0043] Please refer to this carefully. Figures 1-4 The clamping assembly 2 also includes an elliptical groove 211 and an elliptical cylinder 212;
[0044] Multiple elliptical grooves 211 are provided, and the multiple elliptical grooves 211 are arranged in a circle on one side of the outer wall of the inner rod 103 and completely penetrate to the inner wall of the elliptical groove 211. The outer wall of the elliptical cylinder 212 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the elliptical groove 211, and one side of the outer wall of the elliptical cylinder 212 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 208.
[0045] In this embodiment: by setting elliptical grooves 211 and elliptical cylinders 212, multiple elliptical grooves 211 are arranged in a circular pattern on one side of the outer wall of the inner rod 103. The outer wall of the elliptical cylinder 212 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the elliptical grooves 211. One side of the outer wall of the elliptical cylinder 212 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 208, so that the threaded rod 207 cannot rotate. Thus, when the thickness of the smoke sensor compresses the threaded cap 206 and cannot clamp the sleeve 201 to the smoke sensor, it is only necessary to turn the threaded cap 206 so that the threaded cap 206 can slide up and down, thereby allowing the clamping assembly 2 to adapt to smoke sensors of more sizes.
[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model, based on the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present utility model, should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A device for detecting the safety of aging fire-fighting facilities, comprising a handheld assembly (1), the handheld assembly (1) comprising an outer rod (101) and an inner rod (103), a tubular protrusion is arranged on the top of the inner wall of the outer rod (101), the outer wall of the inner rod (103) is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the tubular protrusion of the outer rod (101), and the top of the outer wall of the inner rod (103) is semicircular, characterized in that, The inner rod (103) outer wall top is provided with clamping assembly (2), clamping assembly (2) includes sleeve sheet (201), sliding sheet (203), threaded cap (206), threaded rod (207), sliding sleeve (208); The sleeve sheet (201) is provided with a plurality of, and the plurality of sleeve sheets (201) are circumferentially arranged on the top of the outer wall of the inner rod (103). The sliding sheet (203) is fixedly connected to the outer wall bottom of the sleeve sheet (201). One side of the outer wall of the sliding sheet (203) is in close contact with the inner wall of the inner rod (103). The outer wall bottom of the sliding sheet (203) is arranged in an inclined manner. The outer walls on both sides of the sliding sheet (203) are not in close contact. The threaded cap (206) is arranged on the inner wall bottom of the sleeve sheet (201) and extends to the outer wall bottom of the sleeve sheet (201). The outer wall of the threaded cap (206) is in sliding connection with the outer wall on the other side of the sliding sheet (203). The bottom end of the threaded cap (206) is in the shape of a truncated cone. The threaded rod (207) is arranged on the inner wall top of the threaded cap (206) and extends to the outer wall bottom of the threaded cap (206). The threaded rod (207) is in threaded connection with the threaded cap (206). The height of the outer wall of the threaded rod (207) is greater than the height of the inner wall of the threaded cap (206). The outer wall top of the threaded rod (207) is provided with a square groove. The sliding sleeve (208) is arranged on the outer wall bottom of the threaded rod (207). The inner wall bottom of the sliding sleeve (208) is fixedly connected with the outer wall bottom of the threaded rod (207). The outer wall top of the sliding sleeve (208) is provided with a slope matched with the outer wall bottom of the sliding sheet (203). The outer wall of the sliding sleeve (208) is in sliding connection with the inner wall of the inner rod (103).
2. The device for safety detection of aging of fire-fighting facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The handheld assembly (1) further comprises a threaded groove (102) and a threaded protrusion (104). The threaded groove (102) is arranged on the inner wall of the tubular protrusion of the outer rod (101). The threaded protrusion (104) is arranged on the outer wall bottom of the inner rod (103) and extends to one side of the outer wall of the inner rod (103). The threaded protrusion (104) is in threaded connection with the threaded groove (102).
3. The device for safety detection of aging of fire-fighting facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly (2) further comprises a soft protrusion (202). The soft protrusion (202) is provided with a plurality of, and the plurality of soft protrusions (202) are linearly arranged on one side of the outer wall of the sleeve sheet (201). The height of the inner wall of the sleeve sheet (201) is greater than the height of the outer wall of the smoke sensor.
4. The device for safety detection of aging of fire-fighting facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly (2) further comprises a rotating protrusion (204) and a rotating groove (205). The rotating protrusion (204) is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the sliding sheet (203) and is fixedly connected with the sliding sheet (203). The outer wall top of the rotating protrusion (204) is flush with the outer wall top of the sliding sheet (203) and the outer wall top of the inner rod (103). The rotating groove (205) is provided with a plurality of, and the plurality of rotating grooves (205) are circumferentially arranged on the top of the outer wall of the inner rod (103). The rotating groove (205) is provided with a rotating shaft at the shaft center. The rotating shaft completely penetrates the outer walls at both ends of the rotating protrusion (204) and is in rotating connection with the rotating protrusion (204). The outer wall of the rotating protrusion (204) is in rotating connection with the inner wall of the rotating groove (205).
5. The device for safety detection of aging of fire-fighting facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly (2) further comprises a spring (209), a bottom plate (210); The spring (209) is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (208) and is fixedly connected with the sliding sleeve (208), the bottom plate (210) is arranged at the inner wall of the inner rod (103) and is fixedly connected with the inner rod (103), and the outer wall top of the bottom plate (210) is fixedly connected with the outer wall bottom of the spring (209).
6. The device for safety detection of aging of fire-fighting facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly (2) further comprises an oval groove (211) and an oval column (212); A plurality of oval grooves (211) are arranged on one side of the outer wall of the inner rod (103) in a circumferential arrangement and completely penetrate the inner wall of the oval groove (211), and the outer wall of the oval column (212) is slidably connected with the inner wall of the oval groove (211), and one side of the outer wall of the oval column (212) is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (208).