Microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification

Abstract

The utility model provides a micro-grid automatic switching controller based on load classification. The micro-grid automatic switching controller comprises a detection module, a load classification module, a logic control module and an execution module. The detection module comprises a sensor module, a power calculation module and a comparator module which are connected in sequence; the load classification module comprises a plurality of dial switches, and each dial switch is connected with a load channel; the logic control module is electrically connected with the detection module, the load classification module and the execution module; and the execution module comprises a relay control module correspondingly connected with the load channel. The method has the advantages that the load priority is directly set through the dial switch, a user can flexibly adjust according to requirements, programs do not need to be modified, and the method adapts to different application scenes; when the power is insufficient, the power supply of the key load is guaranteed preferentially.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to microgrid control technology, and in particular to a microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional microgrid controllers typically require complex communication and algorithm support, resulting in high costs and potential functional redundancy for small microgrids. This invention proposes an automatic switching scheme based on simple logic judgment, enabling continuous power supply to critical loads through hardware circuitry alone, thereby improving system reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification. It is a low-cost controller capable of automatically switching power supply modes according to load type (critical load / non-critical load), suitable for solutions in small microgrids such as those in rural areas and islands. The microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification includes: a detection module, a load classification module, a logic control module, and an execution module. The detection module includes a sensor module, a power calculation module, and a comparator module connected in sequence. The load classification module includes a multi-channel DIP switch, with each DIP switch connected to one load channel. The logic control module is electrically connected to the detection module, load classification module, and execution module. The execution module includes a relay control module connected to a corresponding load channel. Preferably, the logic control module is an MCU or a programmable logic controller. Preferably, the relay control module is connected to each load channel via a corresponding relay, controlling the on / off switching of power supply to the load connected to the load channel. Preferably, the sensor module includes a voltage sensor and a current sensor. The voltage and current sensors collect the voltage and current values ​​of the DC bus connected to them and output them to the power calculation module. The power calculation module is an analog multiplier, and the comparator module is used to output a power threshold parameter and compare it with the power value output by the analog multiplier. Preferably, each switch output terminal of the multiplexer is connected to the logic control module, with the open position of each switch corresponding to a critical load channel and the closed position corresponding to a non-critical load channel. Preferably, the relay includes a magnetic latching relay and a normally open power relay. The magnetic latching relay is connected to the critical load channel, and the normally open power relay is connected to the non-critical load channel. Preferably, it also includes a display screen, LED indicators, and a communication interface, all connected to the logic control module. Multiple LED indicators, the multiplexer, and the display are installed on the front panel of the microgrid automatic switching controller, with one switch of the multiplexer corresponding to each LED. Preferably, it also includes an energy storage module; the energy storage module is electrically connected to the multiplexer. The beneficial effects of this invention include: The microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification in this invention adopts hardware logic control (DIP switches + comparators + relays), eliminating the need for complex algorithms or high-performance MCUs, thus reducing manufacturing costs. Magnetic latching relays ensure uninterrupted power supply to critical loads, avoiding malfunctions caused by software failures and improving system reliability. The power calculation method based on analog multipliers and comparators can complete power deficit judgment within milliseconds, which is faster than traditional digital sampling methods. DIP switches directly set load priorities, which users can flexibly adjust according to their needs without modifying the program, adapting to different application scenarios; critical and non-critical loads are controlled independently: magnetic latching relays ensure continuous power supply to critical equipment, while normally open relays quickly disconnect non-critical loads to prevent system crashes. A communication interface (such as RS485) and a status display module are reserved for remote monitoring and functional expansion.The front panel integrates a DIP switch and LED indicators, clearly displaying the load status (green = normal power supply, red = power-limited mode), facilitating on-site operation and troubleshooting. When the microgrid power is insufficient, it automatically cuts off non-critical loads to prevent battery over-discharge or system failure, extending equipment lifespan. The hardware circuitry has strong anti-interference capabilities, making it suitable for harsh power environments such as rural areas and islands. In summary, this invention, through its innovative hardware architecture and load classification mechanism, achieves low-cost, highly reliable, and fast-response microgrid power coordination control, demonstrating significant practical value and market potential. Attached Figure Description

[0004] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification. (Attached) Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front panel of a microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification, representing a preferred implementation. Detailed Implementation

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification. The preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The electrical loads in the microgrid are sorted according to a preset priority, dividing the loads into critical loads and non-critical loads, and the power supply strategy is dynamically adjusted. Specifically, critical loads include lighting and communication equipment, while non-critical loads include air conditioners and electric water heaters. When power is insufficient, priority is given to ensuring the supply of critical loads. The voltage and current of the DC bus 1 are detected to determine whether the power is insufficient. Based on this determination, the on / off state of the non-critical load circuits is controlled by a relay group. The invention also includes an energy storage module 7; the energy storage module 7 is electrically connected to a multiplexer switch 6. See reference. Figure 1As shown, a microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification includes: a detection module, a load classification module, a logic control module 5, and an execution module; the detection module includes a sensor module, a power calculation module 3, and a comparator module 4 connected in sequence; the load classification module includes a multi-channel DIP switch 6, with each DIP switch 6 connected to a load channel; the logic control module 5 is electrically connected to the detection module, the load classification module, and the execution module; the execution module includes a relay control module 8 connected to a load channel. Specifically, the sensor module includes a voltage sensor 201 and a current sensor 202. Voltage sensor 201 and current sensor 202 collect the voltage and current values ​​of the DC bus 1 connected to them and output them to the power calculation module 3. The power calculation module 3 is an analog multiplier that calculates the power value output from the DC bus 1. A comparator module 4 outputs a power threshold parameter, which is compared with the power value output by the analog multiplier. If the power value is lower than the set power threshold, the output value is sent to the logic control module 5. The logic control module 5 is an MCU or programmable logic controller. The logic control module 5 sends a signal to the relay control module 8 to disconnect the relays of non-critical loads, maintaining power supply only to critical loads until the microgrid returns to stability. The relay control module 8 is connected to each load channel through a corresponding relay, controlling the on / off state of power supply to the loads connected to that channel. Figure 2As shown, the front panel of the microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification integrates a multi-way DIP switch 6. Each switch output terminal of the multi-way DIP switch 6 is connected to the logic control module 5. The open position of each switch corresponds to the critical load channel, and the closed position corresponds to the non-critical load channel. Relays include magnetic latching relays and normally open power relays. The magnetic latching relays are connected to the critical load channels, and the normally open power relays are connected to the non-critical load channels. The front panel also integrates a display screen and LED indicator lights 11, both connected to the logic control module 5. Each LED light corresponds to one switch of the multi-way DIP switch 6. The load status is displayed intuitively: green indicates normal power supply, and red indicates power limiting mode. The LED indicator lights 11 correspond to the relay status; when the relay is disconnected, the LED light displays red, and when the relay is connected, the LED light displays green. The DIP switch 6 can be manually changed at any time. Based on the connected load, the user can determine whether it is an important or non-important load through the DIP switch 6. A communication interface 12 is reserved for connection to the logic control module 5 for uploading operational data. It also includes: an energy storage module 7; the energy storage module 7 is electrically connected to a multiplexer switch 6. It can be used to supply power to the load when power is reduced. The composition of the microgrid automatic switching controller based on load classification is described in detail below. A detection module is used to collect voltage and current signals of the microgrid in real time and calculate power parameters; a load classification module contains multiple DIP switches 6, each corresponding to a load channel, used for manually setting the critical level of each load; a logic control module 5 receives signals from the detection module and the load classification module, and outputs a control command to cut off non-critical loads when insufficient power is detected; an execution module contains relay groups corresponding to the load channels, and switches the corresponding load circuits on and off according to the commands of the logic control module 5. The detection module includes a voltage sensor 201 and a current sensor 202, and calculates real-time power through an analog multiplier. The current sensor 202 can be a Hall sensor. The real-time power output is the result of being greater than or less than the threshold set by a comparator. The preset power threshold is 70%-80% of the total required power. The load classification module's DIP switch 6 is packaged in an 8-bit DIP package, with each switch's output connected to a pull-up resistor to the logic control module 5. The logic control module 5 is a programmable logic device or an MCU. The relays in the execution module are divided into two types: magnetically latched relays for critical load channels and normally open power relays for non-critical load channels. It also includes a status indicator module, displaying the system's operating status via dual-color LEDs: green indicates normal power supply; red indicates non-critical loads have been disconnected. It communicates with the host computer via an RS485 interface to upload load status and power data. Front panel layout: Each load channel corresponds to one DIP switch 6 and a dual-color LED indicator 11, with the display showing the current load identifier. The logic control module 5's workflow: It collects data from the detection module every 100ms, and when the power generation...

Claims

1. A load classification based microgrid automatic switching controller, characterized in that, It comprises a detection module, a load classification module, a logic control module and an execution module; the detection module comprises sequentially connected sensor module, power calculation module and comparator module; the load classification module comprises multiple dial switches, each dial switch being connected with a load channel; the logic control module is electrically connected with the detection module, the load classification module and the execution module; the execution module comprises a relay control module corresponding to the load channel. The logic control module is an MCU or a programmable logic controller.

2. The load class based microgrid automatic switching controller of claim 1, wherein, The relay control module is connected with each load channel through a corresponding relay to control the on-off of the power supply of the load connected with the load channel.

3. The load class based microgrid automatic switching controller of claim 1, wherein, The sensor module comprises a voltage sensor and a current sensor, the voltage sensor and the current sensor collecting the voltage value and the current value of the DC bus connected therewith and outputting to the power calculation module, the power calculation module being an analog multiplier, and the comparator module being used for outputting a power threshold parameter and comparing with the power value output by the analog multiplier.

4. The load class based microgrid automatic switching controller of claim 1, wherein, Each switch output end of the multiple dial switches is connected with the logic control module, each switch open position corresponding to a key load channel and the switch closed position corresponding to a non-key load channel.

5. The load class based microgrid automatic switching controller of claim 1, wherein, The relay comprises a magnetic latching relay and a normally open power relay, the magnetic latching relay being connected with the key load channel and the normally open power relay being connected with the non-key load channel.

6. The load class based microgrid automatic switching controller of claim 3, wherein, It further comprises a display screen, LED indicator lights and a communication interface, all being connected with the logic control module, multiple LED indicator lights, multiple dial switches and a display being installed on the front panel of the micro-grid automatic switching controller, and each LED light being below a corresponding one of the multiple dial switches.

7. The load class based microgrid automatic switching controller of claim 1, wherein, It further comprises:

8. The load classification based microgrid automatic switching controller of claim 1, wherein, a storage module; the storage module being electrically connected with the multiple dial switches. ​

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