Stepped dam capable of automatically discharging silt
By designing a stepped weir with automatic silt removal, and utilizing an arched embankment and automatically opening flap gates, the problem of water erosion and siltation in longitudinal slope river channels, which is a traditional weir, has been solved. This has enabled automated silt removal, reduced maintenance costs, and maintained the efficiency and landscape effect of the water conservancy project.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
Traditional weirs can easily lead to faster water flow in rivers with steep gradients, causing riverbed erosion and siltation. In addition, traditional sand removal equipment requires manual operation, which increases maintenance costs and difficulty.
Design a stepped weir with automatic silt removal, including an arc-shaped weir, a flushing pipe and a discharge pipe. It utilizes the hydrostatic phenomenon to dissipate energy and automatically opens a square flap gate when the water depth exceeds 20cm to achieve automatic silt removal.
It effectively reduces the impact and siltation on the downstream riverbed, lowers maintenance costs, is suitable for unmanaged rural areas, and maintains the effects of water storage, irrigation, and landscape.
Smart Images
Figure CN224031572U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability. Background Technology
[0002] In traditional river management and water conservancy projects, weirs are widely used for water storage and irrigation, as well as for improving the landscape. However, with changes in the natural conditions of rivers, especially for rivers with steep gradients, traditional weirs face several major challenges:
[0003] When a weir intercepts river water to create a reservoir, the increased drop between the upstream and downstream sections leads to a faster water flow and severe erosion of the downstream riverbed. Traditional drop-type energy dissipation methods are ineffective in addressing this problem. Due to the weir's interception effect, sediment cannot move smoothly downstream and gradually accumulates in front of the weir. This not only affects the effectiveness of water storage and irrigation but also reduces the landscape value. Especially in rural areas, many water conservancy facilities are left unmanaged. Traditional sand-discharging gates and similar equipment typically require manual operation for silt removal, increasing maintenance costs and difficulty. Utility Model Content
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a stepped weir with automatic silt removal, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability, comprising:
[0006] The main body of the weir has a stepped overflow structure;
[0007] The weir is located within the energy dissipation pool and is arranged in an arc shape, forming a stepped connection with the main body of the weir.
[0008] The silt-removing pipes buried inside the main body of the weir have their axes parallel to the main flow of the river.
[0009] A sludge discharge pipe is installed at the bottom of the energy dissipation tank, and the inlet end of the sludge discharge pipe is provided with a funnel-shaped sludge collection port and is vertically connected to the flushing pipe;
[0010] The inlet end of the flushing pipe is equipped with a square flap gate, and the weight of the square flap gate is configured to automatically open when the water depth exceeds 20cm above the top surface of the weir.
[0011] Optionally, a square pipe section is installed at the inlet end of the flushing pipe, and the square flap gate is connected to the inlet flange of the square pipe section via a hinge shaft.
[0012] Optionally, the slope between the energy dissipation tank and the funnel-shaped sludge collection outlet is 1%.
[0013] Optionally, the axis of the flushing pipe forms an elevation angle of 10-15° with the horizontal bottom surface of the weir body.
[0014] Optionally, a stilling basin is provided at the outlet end of the flushing pipe.
[0015] Optionally, the main body of the weir is formed by concrete casting, and an anti-impact and abrasion layer is provided on the surface, and the thickness of the anti-impact and abrasion layer is not less than 50mm.
[0016] Optionally, the square flap gate is configured with a counterweight, which is located on the back side of the square flap gate. The mass M of the counterweight satisfies M=0.25ρwL²h, where ρw is the water density, L is the side length of the flap gate, and h is the designed opening water level difference.
[0017] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiments of this utility model have the following advantages:
[0018] 1. This utility model discloses an automatically silt-draining stepped weir. By setting up an arc-shaped weir in the energy dissipation pool and connecting it to the main body of the weir in a stepped manner, a hydraulic jump phenomenon can be generated in the energy dissipation pool. Compared with the traditional drop-type energy dissipation method, it can more effectively consume water flow energy, reduce the impact on the downstream riverbed, and also has a certain aesthetic appeal. Further, it includes a flushing pipe buried in the main body of the weir, a silt discharge pipe located at the bottom of the energy dissipation pool, and a funnel-shaped silt collection port, which can automatically open when the water flow pressure reaches a certain level, completing the silt discharge process without manual intervention. It is particularly suitable for unattended conditions in rural areas.
[0019] 2. This utility model discloses an automatically silt-draining stepped weir. A square flap gate is installed at the inlet end of the silt-draining pipe, and its weight configuration is determined by calculation to ensure automatic opening when the water depth exceeds 20cm above the top surface of the weir. Furthermore, the axis of the silt-draining pipe forms a 10-15° angle with the bottom surface of the energy dissipation pool, facilitating the discharge of silt. These design details work together to improve silt-draining efficiency, reduce the risk of blockage, and the downstream energy dissipation pool prevents localized scouring of the riverbed by the water flow at the outlet of the silt-draining pipe. It maintains good water storage, irrigation, and landscape effects, and also protects the downstream riverbed from excessive erosion through reasonable water flow guidance and energy consumption.
[0020] These features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in detail in the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model with three weirs;
[0023] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention with two weirs;
[0024] Figure 3 This utility model Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure with an added stilling basin;
[0025] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure with an added stilling basin;
[0026] Figure 5 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model;
[0027] Figure 6 This utility model Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the central flushing pipe.
[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Main body of the weir; 2. Energy dissipation pool; 3. Weir sill; 4. Silt flushing pipe; 5. Silt discharge pipe; 6. Trumpet-shaped silt collection port; 7. Square flap gate; 8. Square pipe section; 9. Gate slot; 10. Energy dissipation pool. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model and not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the implementation methods without creative effort are all within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0030] The following describes in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, an embodiment of the present invention: a stepped weir capable of automatic silt removal. Example
[0031] For easier understanding, please refer to Figures 1 to 6 This utility model provides an embodiment of a stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability, comprising:
[0032] The main body of the weir 1 has a stepped overflow structure;
[0033] The weir 3 is located in the energy dissipation pool 2, and the weir 3 is arranged in an arc shape and forms a stepped connection with the main body of the weir 1;
[0034] The silt-removing pipe 4, which is buried in the main body 1 of the weir, has its axis parallel to the main flow direction of the river.
[0035] A sludge discharge pipe 5 is located at the bottom of the energy dissipation tank 2. The inlet end of the sludge discharge pipe 5 is provided with a funnel-shaped sludge collection port 6 and is vertically connected to the flushing pipe 4.
[0036] The inlet end of the flushing pipe 4 is equipped with a square flap gate 7, which is designed to open automatically when the water depth exceeds 20cm above the top surface of the weir. A square pipe section 8 is installed at the inlet end of the flushing pipe 4, and the square flap gate 7 is connected to the inlet flange of the square pipe section 8 via a hinge shaft. A door groove 9 is provided on the square pipe section 8 to limit the opening angle of the square flap gate 7.
[0037] It should be noted that the energy dissipation pool 2 is equipped with an arc-shaped weir 3 that connects to the main body of the weir 1 in a stepped manner. This helps to create a hydraulic jump in the energy dissipation pool, thereby better reducing the energy of the water flow. The flushing pipe 4 is buried in the main body of the weir 1, with its axis parallel to the main flow of the river. Its inlet end is equipped with a square flap gate 7. When the water depth exceeds 20cm above the top surface of the weir, the square flap gate 7, based on the counterweight design, automatically opens, allowing water to flow through to remove possible silt from upstream.
[0038] When the water level rises to 20cm above the top surface of the weir, the square flap gate 7 automatically opens under pressure, allowing water to flow into the flushing pipe 4 and discharge silt from the energy dissipation pool 2 through the discharge pipe 5. Simultaneously, silt from the upstream riverbed of the main weir 1 can also be discharged. Because the flushing pipe 4 is located at a depth, the water flow is fast and the pressure is high, which facilitates the removal of more silt through the discharge pipe 5, reducing the possibility of silt blockage.
[0039] In some embodiments, the slope between the energy dissipation pool 2 and the funnel-shaped silt collection port 6 is 1%. The axis of the flushing pipe 4 forms an elevation angle of 10-15° with the horizontal bottom surface of the weir body 1.
[0040] It should be noted that the sludge discharge pipe 5 is located at the bottom of the energy dissipation pool 2. The inlet end of the sludge discharge pipe 5 is equipped with a funnel-shaped sludge collection port 6, which is conducive to collecting and discharging the sludge in the energy dissipation pool. The inlet slope is 1% to facilitate the formation of vortex, thereby more effectively collecting and concentrating the sludge in the energy dissipation pool. The axis forms an elevation angle of 10-15° with the bottom surface of the energy dissipation pool, so that the sludge can be smoothly carried out by the water flow, reducing the possibility of sludge blockage.
[0041] In some embodiments, a stilling basin 10 is provided at the outlet end of the flushing and silting pipe 4. By providing a stilling basin 10 at the outlet end of the flushing and silting pipe 4, local scouring of the downstream riverbed by the flushing and silting pipe 4 is prevented, and the water flow that has been saturated by the stilling basin 2 can be further saturated, reducing the impact of the water flow on the downstream.
[0042] In some embodiments, the main body 1 of the weir is formed by concrete casting, and an anti-abrasion layer is provided on the surface, and the thickness of the anti-abrasion layer is not less than 50mm.
[0043] It should be noted that the main body of the weir 1 is formed by concrete pouring, and the surface is provided with an anti-erosion layer with a thickness of not less than 50mm. It has a stepped overflow structure, which can effectively reduce the water flow velocity and realize layered flood discharge.
[0044] The impact-resistant layer is preferably made of one of the following materials: silica fume concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, or iron-steel sand concrete.
[0045] In some embodiments, the weight configuration of the square flap gate 7 is a counterweight block, and the counterweight block is disposed on the back side of the square flap gate 7. The mass M of the counterweight block satisfies M=0.25ρwL²h, where ρw is the water density, L is the side length of the flap gate, and h is the designed opening water level difference.
[0046] Working Principle: When water flows into the river, the main body of the weir 1 effectively intercepts and stores water resources for irrigation or other purposes. As the water level gradually rises to 20cm above the top of the weir, the water begins to overflow from the top of the weir in stages. The stepped structure is not only aesthetically pleasing but also facilitates tiered flood discharge, reducing direct impact on downstream areas. After overflowing from the top of the weir, the water enters the energy dissipation pool 2. During this process, the water encounters the arc-shaped weir 3, which forms a stepped connection with the main body of the weir 1. This creates a hydraulic jump in the energy dissipation pool, effectively consuming the energy of the water flow and reducing the risk of erosion to the downstream riverbed. When the water level rises to 20cm above the top of the weir, the square flap gate 7 automatically opens due to increased pressure. At this time, the water carries silt and other impurities accumulated upstream of the main body of the weir 1 through the flushing pipe 4. Because the flushing pipe 4 is located deep within the water, the water flow velocity is relatively high and the pressure is low. This facilitates the removal of more sediment from the energy dissipation pool 2 through the funnel-shaped sediment collection port 6 into the discharge pipe 5 and then into the flushing pipe 4. The discharge pipe 5, located at the bottom of the energy dissipation pool 2, has a funnel-shaped sediment collection port 6 with a 1% inclination to facilitate vortex formation, thereby more effectively collecting and concentrating the sediment within the energy dissipation pool. The axis of the discharge pipe 5 forms a 10-15° angle with the bottom surface of the energy dissipation pool, allowing the sediment to be smoothly carried out by the water flow, reducing the possibility of blockage. After the discharge process, the water finally passes through the stilling basin 10 located at the outlet of the flushing pipe 4 for the final energy dissipation treatment, ensuring a smooth outflow and minimizing the impact on the downstream environment.
[0047] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.
Claims
1. A stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability, characterized in that: include: The main body of the weir (1) has a stepped overflow structure; A weir (3) is installed in the energy dissipation pool (2), and the weir (3) is arranged in an arc shape and forms a stepped connection with the main body of the weir (1); The flushing and silting pipe (4) buried in the main body of the weir (1) has its axis parallel to the main flow direction of the river; A sludge discharge pipe (5) is provided at the bottom of the energy dissipation tank (2). The inlet end of the sludge discharge pipe (5) is provided with a funnel-shaped sludge collection port (6) and is vertically connected to the flushing pipe (4). The inlet end of the flushing pipe (4) is provided with a square flap gate (7), and the weight of the square flap gate (7) is configured to open automatically when the water depth exceeds 20cm above the top surface of the weir.
2. The stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet end of the flushing pipe (4) is equipped with a square pipe section (8), and the square flap gate (7) is connected to the inlet flange of the square pipe section (8) through a hinge shaft.
3. The stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope between the energy dissipation pool (2) and the funnel-shaped sludge collection port (6) is 1%.
4. A stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axis of the flushing pipe (4) forms an elevation angle of 10-15° with the horizontal bottom surface of the main body of the weir (1).
5. A stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet end of the flushing pipe (4) is equipped with a stilling pool (10).
6. A stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the weir (1) is formed by concrete pouring, and an anti-impact and abrasion layer is provided on the surface, and the thickness of the anti-impact and abrasion layer is not less than 50mm.
7. A stepped weir with automatic silt removal capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The square flap gate (7) is configured with a counterweight, which is located on the back side of the square flap gate (7). The mass M of the counterweight satisfies M=0.25ρwL²h, where ρw is the water density, L is the side length of the flap gate, and h is the designed opening water level difference.