Heat energy self-adaptive circulating fuel cell stack structure
By setting two cooling paths with opposite flow in the fuel cell stack, which are alternately distributed on alternating bipolar plates, the uniformity of the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack is achieved, the problem of temperature difference in the fuel cell stack is solved, and the performance and life of the fuel cell stack are improved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing fuel cell stack structures cannot effectively reduce the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack, resulting in uneven internal temperature and affecting stack performance and lifespan.
Two cooling paths are set in the stack structure. The coolant flows in opposite directions through different cooling paths and is alternately distributed on the alternating first and second bipolar plates to form a thermal adaptive cycle and uniformly distribute the temperature difference in the internal reaction zone of the stack.
By using adaptive cycling technology, the temperature gradient in the active region of the membrane electrode is reduced, the environmental uniformity inside the stack is improved, and the consistency and lifespan of the stack performance are enhanced, without increasing the coolant flow rate or system cooling power consumption.
Smart Images
Figure CN224036371U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to battery technology field especially relates to a thermal energy self -adaptation circulating fuel cell stack structure. BACKGROUND
[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell is an important technology of global green energy transformation in the 21st century. Improving the uniformity of the internal environment of hydrogen fuel cell helps to optimize the performance of the stack, prolong the service life of the stack and reduce the risk of local failure. The uniformity of the temperature in the stack is a key indicator in the design and development of the stack. The existing stack temperature control optimization mainly focuses on the water and heat management method, system design and design optimization of related cooling components in the system, and rarely involves the design of the temperature uniformity in the stack.
[0003] At present, the cooling path design of the stack is generally from one end of the polar plate to the other end. On the full-size stack (the active area of the single membrane electrode is usually 250~400cm 2 ), under the condition of high current density (1.5A / cm 2 and above), the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack is generally more than 10℃, and in some cases it can reach 15℃. The large temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack can exacerbate the differences in catalyst activity, gas humidity, liquid water content and performance consistency in the stack. SUMMARY
[0004] Therefore, the utility model provides a thermal energy self -adaptation circulating fuel cell stack structure, which aims at solving the problems that the existing stack structure cannot reduce the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack, and it is difficult to ensure the uniformity of the temperature in the stack.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model embodiment provides the following technical scheme: a thermal energy self -adaptation circulating fuel cell stack structure, including the stack body and the gas distribution end arranged at one end of the stack body;One end of the gas distribution end is provided with a first cooling path inlet and a second cooling path outlet, and the other end of the gas distribution end is provided with a first cooling path outlet and a second cooling path inlet;
[0006] The stack body includes alternately arranged first bipolar plates and second bipolar plates;The first cooling path inlet is communicated with the first cooling path outlet through the first cooling path flow field of the first bipolar plate to form a first cooling path;The second cooling path inlet is communicated with the second cooling path outlet through the second cooling path flow field of the second bipolar plate to form a second cooling path;The flow direction of the first cooling path is opposite to that of the second cooling path.
[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the cooling liquid flow of the first cooling path is equal to the cooling liquid flow of the second cooling path.
[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the shape of the first cooling path inlet is the same as that of the second cooling path inlet, and the area of the first cooling path inlet is the same as that of the second cooling path inlet.
[0009] The shape of the first cooling path outlet is the same as that of the second cooling path outlet, and the area of the first cooling path outlet is the same as that of the second cooling path outlet.
[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the first cooling path inlet and the second cooling path outlet are arranged adjacent to each other; the first cooling path outlet and the second cooling path inlet are arranged adjacent to each other. Adjacent arrangement can be arranged adjacent to each other in up and down, left and right, or other ways of adjacent arrangement.
[0011] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the air distribution end is provided with an air path inlet, and the other end is provided with an air path outlet; one end of the air distribution end is provided with a hydrogen path inlet, and the other end is provided with a hydrogen path outlet.
[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the air path inlet is arranged near one end of the first cooling path inlet, or the air path inlet is arranged near one end of the first cooling path outlet.
[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the air path inlet and the hydrogen path outlet are arranged on the same end of the air distribution end (hydrogen-air countercurrent); or, the air path inlet and the hydrogen path inlet are arranged on the same end of the air distribution end (hydrogen-air cocurrent).
[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the first cooling path inlet, the second cooling path outlet, the first cooling path outlet, the second cooling path inlet, the air path inlet, the air path outlet, the hydrogen path inlet and the hydrogen path outlet are circular ports, square ports or special-shaped ports.
[0015] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the first bipolar plate is provided with a first cooling path bipolar plate inlet A and a second cooling path bipolar plate outlet A, and the other end is provided with a first cooling path bipolar plate outlet A and a second cooling path bipolar plate inlet A; the first cooling path bipolar plate inlet A and the first cooling path bipolar plate outlet A are arranged in communication through the first cooling path flow field; the first cooling path bipolar plate inlet A is arranged in communication with the first cooling path inlet, and the first cooling path bipolar plate outlet A is arranged in communication with the first cooling path outlet;
[0016] The second cooling path bipolar plate inlet A is arranged in communication with the second cooling path inlet, and the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet A is arranged in communication with the second cooling path outlet.
[0017] As a preferred implementation, one end of the second bipolar plate is provided with a first cooling path bipolar plate inlet B and a second cooling path bipolar plate outlet B, and the other end is provided with a first cooling path bipolar plate outlet B and a second cooling path bipolar plate inlet B; the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet B and the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet B are communicated by the second cooling path flow field of the second bipolar plate; the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet B is communicated with the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet A, and the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet B is communicated with the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet A.
[0018] As a preferred implementation, the stack body is a water-cooled graphite stack or a water-cooled metal stack.
[0019] The beneficial effects achieved by the utility model are as follows: the application sets a multidirectional flow field in the stack structure, so that the internal heat energy of the stack can be adaptively circulated, the temperature difference of the internal reaction area of the stack can be effectively and uniformly reduced, the temperature gradient in the membrane electrode active area is reduced, the environmental uniformity between the inlet and outlet of the stack is effectively improved, and the consistency of the stack performance and the stack life are effectively improved. Through the structure of the application, additional cooling liquid flow or cooling power consumption on the system is not required, which has high practicability and economy, wide application range, and can be produced and used as a general product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or the prior art description, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from the structure shown in the drawings without creative labor.
[0021] Figure 1 It is the whole structure schematic view of the heat energy adaptive circulation fuel cell stack structure of an embodiment of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 It is the structure schematic view of the first bipolar plate of the heat energy adaptive circulation fuel cell stack structure of Figure 1
[0023] Figure 3 It is the structure schematic view of the second bipolar plate of the heat energy adaptive circulation fuel cell stack structure of Figure 1
[0024] Figure 4 It is the whole structure schematic view of the heat energy adaptive circulation fuel cell stack structure of another embodiment of the utility model;
[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the operation principle of a heat energy self-adaptive circulating fuel cell stack structure according to the present application.
[0026] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.
[0028] It should be noted that if the present application embodiments involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.
[0029] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integrated; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0030] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can be a middle element. When an element is referred to as "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there can be a middle element.
[0031] In addition, if the description of "first", "second" and the like is involved in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second" and the like is only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by "first", "second" can be explicitly or implicitly included at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of the ordinary skilled in the art, when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the protection scope required by the present application.
[0032] Specifically, as shown in Figures 1 to 3 The utility model discloses a kind of thermal energy self-adaptive circulation fuel cell stack structures, including stack body 10 and the gas distribution end 20 of being arranged at one end of the stack body 10;One end of the gas distribution end 20 is provided with first cooling path inlet 21 and second cooling path outlet 22, the other end of the gas distribution end 20 is provided with first cooling path outlet 23 and second cooling path inlet 24;
[0033] The stack body 10 includes alternately arranged first bipolar plate 11 and second bipolar plate 12;First cooling path inlet 21 is communicated with first cooling path outlet 23 to form first cooling path 30 by the first cooling path flow field 111 of first bipolar plate 11;Second cooling path inlet 24 is communicated with second cooling path outlet 22 to form second cooling path 40 by the second cooling path flow field 121 of second bipolar plate 12;The flow direction of first cooling path 30 is opposite to the flow direction of second cooling path 40.
[0034] In the stack body, first bipolar plate and second bipolar plate are alternately arranged, and form the structure of "first bipolar plate / second bipolar plate / first bipolar plate / second bipolar plate……".
[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the coolant flow of the first cooling path 30 is equal to the coolant flow of the second cooling path 40.
[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the shape of the first cooling path inlet 21 is same as the shape of the second cooling path inlet 24, and the area of the first cooling path inlet 21 is same as the area of the second cooling path inlet 24.
[0037] The shape of the first cooling path outlet 23 is same as the shape of the second cooling path outlet 22, and the area of the first cooling path outlet 23 is same as the area of the second cooling path outlet 22.
[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the first cooling path inlet 21 and the second cooling path outlet 22 are arranged adjacently; the first cooling path outlet 23 and the second cooling path inlet 24 are arranged adjacently. In the embodiment of the present application, the adjacently arranged can be arranged adjacently in up and down (as shown in Figure 1 ), or arranged adjacently in left and right (as shown in Figure 4 ), or other ways of adjacently arranged.
[0039] Specifically, in the embodiment, the first cooling path inlet 21 and the second cooling path outlet 22, the first cooling path outlet 23 and the second cooling path inlet 24 are arranged adjacently in up and down, as shown in Figure 1 .
[0040] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the air distribution end 20 is provided with an air path inlet 25, and the other end is provided with an air path outlet 26; one end of the air distribution end 20 is provided with a hydrogen path inlet 27, and the other end is provided with a hydrogen path outlet 28.
[0041] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 , in the embodiment, the air path inlet 25 is arranged close to one end of the first cooling path inlet 21. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the air path inlet 25 can also be arranged close to one end of the first cooling path outlet 23.
[0042] As a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 , in the embodiment, the air path inlet 25 and the hydrogen path outlet 28 are arranged on the same end of the air distribution end 20 (hydrogen-air countercurrent). It can be understood that in other embodiments, the air path inlet 25 and the hydrogen path inlet 27 can also be arranged on the same end of the air distribution end 20 (hydrogen-air co-current).
[0043] The air path inlet 25 is defined as the stack inlet side, and the air path outlet 26 is defined as the stack outlet side. Then, the inlets of the first cooling path and the second cooling path are located at the stack inlet side and the stack outlet side, respectively. That is, as shown in Figure 1 , the first cooling path inlet 21 and the second cooling path outlet 22 are located at the stack inlet side, and the first cooling path outlet 23 and the second cooling path inlet 24 are located at the stack outlet side. Or conversely, in other embodiments, the first cooling path inlet 21 and the second cooling path outlet 22 are located at the stack outlet side, and the first cooling path outlet 23 and the second cooling path inlet 24 are located at the stack inlet side.
[0044] That is, in the embodiment of the present application, the arrangement of the hydrogen, air, and cooling liquid inlets and outlets can be set according to actual needs, which can be as shown in Figure 1As shown, the inlet and outlet of the cooling path are arranged between the inlet and outlet of air and hydrogen; in other embodiments, the arrangement of the inlet and outlet of hydrogen, air and cooling liquid can be in other orders, and the inlet and outlet of the cooling path do not necessarily have to be arranged between the inlet and outlet of air and hydrogen.
[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the first cooling path inlet 21, the second cooling path outlet 22, the first cooling path outlet 23, the second cooling path inlet 24, the air path inlet 25, the air path outlet 26, the hydrogen path inlet 27 and the hydrogen path outlet 28 are circular, square or irregularly shaped.
[0046] In the embodiments of the present application, the shapes of the first cooling path inlet and outlet, the second cooling path inlet and outlet, the air path inlet and outlet and the hydrogen path inlet and outlet can be set according to actual needs, and can be circular, rectangular, square or irregularly shaped. The drawings are only used to show the approximate positions of the inlets and outlets.
[0047] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the first bipolar plate 11 is provided with a first cooling path bipolar plate inlet A112 and a second cooling path bipolar plate outlet A113, and the other end is provided with a first cooling path bipolar plate outlet A114 and a second cooling path bipolar plate inlet A115; the first cooling path bipolar plate inlet A112 and the first cooling path bipolar plate outlet A114 are in communication through the first cooling path flow field 111; the first cooling path bipolar plate inlet A112 is in communication with the first cooling path inlet 21, and the first cooling path bipolar plate outlet A114 is in communication with the first cooling path outlet 23;
[0048] The second cooling path bipolar plate inlet A115 is in communication with the second cooling path inlet 24, and the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet A113 is in communication with the second cooling path outlet 22.
[0049] In the first bipolar plate structure, the first cooling path bipolar plate inlet / outlet A of the first bipolar plate is in communication with the first cooling path flow field inside the first bipolar plate, and the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet / outlet A is not in communication with the cooling path flow field inside the first bipolar plate. In this way, the flow path of the cooling liquid in the first bipolar plate is: first cooling path bipolar plate inlet A112→first cooling path flow field 111→first cooling path bipolar plate outlet A114. The flow direction of the cooling liquid is from the inlet side of the stack to the outlet side of the stack.
[0050] The first bipolar plate is further provided with an air inlet 116 and a hydrogen outlet 117 at one end, and further provided with an air outlet 118 and a hydrogen inlet 119 at the other end. The air inlet 116 of the first bipolar plate is matched and correspondingly arranged with the air inlet of the gas distribution end; the hydrogen outlet 117 of the first bipolar plate is matched and correspondingly arranged with the hydrogen outlet of the gas distribution end; the air outlet 118 of the first bipolar plate is matched and correspondingly arranged with the air outlet of the gas distribution end; and the hydrogen inlet 119 of the first bipolar plate is matched and correspondingly arranged with the hydrogen inlet of the gas distribution end.
[0051] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the second bipolar plate 12 is provided with a first cooling path bipolar plate inlet B122 and a second cooling path bipolar plate outlet B123, and the other end is provided with a first cooling path bipolar plate outlet B124 and a second cooling path bipolar plate inlet B125; the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet B125 and the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet B123 are communicated by the second cooling path flow field 121; the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet B125 is communicated with the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet A115, and the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet B123 is communicated with the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet A113.
[0052] In the second bipolar plate structure, the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet / outlet B of the second bipolar plate is communicated with the second cooling path flow field inside the second bipolar plate, and the first cooling path bipolar plate inlet / outlet B is not communicated with the cooling path flow field inside the second bipolar plate. In this way, the flow path of the cooling liquid in the second bipolar plate is: the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet B→the second cooling path flow field 121→the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet B. The flow direction of the cooling liquid is from the stack outlet side to the stack inlet side.
[0053] The second bipolar plate is further provided with an air inlet 126 and a hydrogen outlet 127 at one end, and further provided with an air outlet 128 and a hydrogen inlet 129 at the other end. The air inlet 126 of the second bipolar plate is matched and correspondingly arranged with the air inlet of the gas distribution end; the hydrogen outlet 127 of the second bipolar plate is matched and correspondingly arranged with the hydrogen outlet of the gas distribution end; the air outlet 128 of the second bipolar plate is matched and correspondingly arranged with the air outlet of the gas distribution end; and the hydrogen inlet 129 of the second bipolar plate is matched and correspondingly arranged with the hydrogen inlet of the gas distribution end.
[0054] The inlet and outlet of the gas distribution end are respectively matched with and correspondingly arranged with the inlet and outlet of the first bipolar plate and the inlet and outlet of the second bipolar plate. For example, the first cooling path inlet of the gas distribution end is respectively matched with and correspondingly arranged with the first cooling path bipolar plate inlet A and the first cooling path bipolar plate inlet B; for example, the first cooling path outlet of the gas distribution end is respectively matched with and correspondingly arranged with the first cooling path bipolar plate outlet A and the first cooling path bipolar plate outlet B; for example, the second cooling path inlet of the gas distribution end is respectively matched with and correspondingly arranged with the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet A and the second cooling path bipolar plate inlet B; for example, the second cooling path outlet of the gas distribution end is respectively matched with and correspondingly arranged with the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet A and the second cooling path bipolar plate outlet B. The matching refers to that the shape and size of the inlet and outlet are matched; the corresponding arrangement refers to that the arrangement positions are corresponding, so that the whole stack forms a passage.
[0055] As a preferred embodiment, the stack body 10 is a water-cooled graphite stack or a water-cooled metal stack.
[0056] The structure of the present application is a stack capable of realizing a thermal energy self-adaptive circulation technology, which is provided with two cooling paths, and the cooling liquid flows through the inside of the stack through different cooling paths. The flow directions of the two cooling paths in the stack are opposite.
[0057] The air path inlet is defined as the stack inlet, and the air path outlet is defined as the stack outlet. If the flow direction of the first cooling path is from the inlet to the outlet, the flow direction of the second cooling path is from the outlet to the inlet. Similarly, if the flow direction of the first cooling path is from the outlet to the inlet, the flow direction of the second cooling path is from the inlet to the outlet.
[0058] The two cooling paths are alternately arranged in the stack, that is, the first cooling path is distributed in the first bipolar plate, and the second cooling path is distributed in the second bipolar plate, or the first cooling path is distributed in the second bipolar plate, and the second cooling path is distributed in the first bipolar plate.
[0059] As shown in the drawings, Figure 5 On the stack inlet side, the air entering the stack and the cooling liquid on one side of the membrane electrode (the first cooling path, the flow direction is from the inlet to the outlet) just enter the stack, and the temperature is relatively low; the cooling liquid on the other side of the membrane electrode (the second cooling path, the flow direction is from the outlet to the inlet) is about to flow out of the stack, and the temperature is relatively high. At this time, the cooling liquid in the second cooling path transfers heat to the membrane electrode, heats the inlet side of the membrane electrode, and makes it rise to a higher temperature more quickly, thereby improving the catalyst reaction activity.
[0060] On the stack outlet side, the air out of the stack and the cooling liquid in the first cooling path are about to flow out of the stack, and the temperature is relatively high; at this time, the cooling liquid in the second cooling path just enters the stack, and the temperature is relatively low. At this time, the cooling liquid in the second cooling path absorbs heat from the membrane electrode, cools the outlet side of the membrane electrode, and reduces the temperature difference in the active area. Thus, a thermal cycle is formed in the stack.
[0061] The heat energy exchanged by the heat cycle can be determined according to the heat generated when the stack is running. At low and medium current densities, the stack generates less heat, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack is small, and less heat energy is involved in the heat cycle; at high current densities, the heat generated by the stack increases with the increase of the current, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack increases, and more heat energy is involved in the heat cycle, so that the temperature gradient on the active area of the membrane electrode is maintained in a small range.
[0062] From Figure 5 It can be seen that throughout the process, the heat energy in the stack is self-adaptively cycled, and the uniformity of the temperature on the active area is improved.
[0063] In the description of the present specification, the description referring to the terms "an embodiment", "an example" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are contained in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
[0064] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. The skilled person should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by the skilled person.
[0065] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the content of the present application specification and drawings, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A thermally adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure, characterized in that, It includes a fuel cell stack body and a gas distribution end disposed at one end of the fuel cell stack body; one end of the gas distribution end is provided with a first cooling path inlet and a second cooling path outlet, and the other end of the gas distribution end is provided with a first cooling path outlet and a second cooling path inlet. The fuel cell stack body includes alternating first bipolar plates and second bipolar plates; the first cooling path inlet is connected to the first cooling path outlet through the first cooling path flow field of the first bipolar plate to form a first cooling path; The second cooling path inlet is connected to the second cooling path outlet through the second cooling path flow field of the second bipolar plate to form the second cooling path; The flow direction of the first cooling path is opposite to that of the second cooling path.
2. The thermal adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant flow rate of the first cooling path is equal to the coolant flow rate of the second cooling path.
3. The thermal adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the first cooling path inlet is the same as the shape of the second cooling path inlet, and the area of the first cooling path inlet is the same as the area of the second cooling path inlet. The shape of the first cooling path outlet is the same as that of the second cooling path outlet, and the area of the first cooling path outlet is the same as that of the second cooling path outlet.
4. The thermal adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first cooling path inlet and the second cooling path outlet are arranged adjacent to each other; the first cooling path outlet and the second cooling path inlet are arranged adjacent to each other.
5. The thermal adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the gas distribution end is provided with an air inlet, and the other end is provided with an air outlet; one end of the gas distribution end is provided with a hydrogen inlet, and the other end is provided with a hydrogen outlet.
6. The thermal adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air inlet is located at one end near the first cooling inlet, or the air inlet is located at one end near the first cooling outlet.
7. The thermal adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air inlet and the hydrogen outlet are located at the same end of the gas distribution end; or, the air inlet and the hydrogen inlet are located at the same end of the gas distribution end. The first cooling path inlet, the second cooling path outlet, the first cooling path outlet, the second cooling path inlet, the air path inlet, the air path outlet, the hydrogen path inlet, and the hydrogen path outlet are circular, square, or irregularly shaped openings.
8. The thermal adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the first bipolar plate is provided with a first cooling path plate inlet A and a second cooling path plate outlet A, and the other end is provided with a first cooling path plate outlet A and a second cooling path plate inlet A; the first cooling path plate inlet A and the first cooling path plate outlet A are connected through the first cooling path flow field; the first cooling path plate inlet A is connected to the first cooling path inlet, and the first cooling path plate outlet A is connected to the first cooling path outlet; The second cooling path electrode plate inlet A is connected to the second cooling path inlet, and the second cooling path electrode plate outlet A is connected to the second cooling path outlet.
9. The thermal adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, One end of the second bipolar plate is provided with a first cooling path plate inlet B and a second cooling path plate outlet B, and the other end is provided with a first cooling path plate outlet B and a second cooling path plate inlet B; the second cooling path plate inlet B and the second cooling path plate outlet B are connected through the second cooling path flow field of the second bipolar plate; the second cooling path plate inlet B is connected to the second cooling path plate inlet A, and the second cooling path plate outlet B is connected to the second cooling path plate outlet A.
10. The thermal adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel cell stack body is a water-cooled graphite stack or a water-cooled metal stack.