Elastic unit and rail fastener

Abstract

According to the elastic unit and the steel rail fastener, the elastic unit is provided with the lower frame body, the upper frame body and the elastic body arranged in the lower frame body, the lower frame body is matched with the positioning hole of the positioning component and is arranged in the positioning hole, and the upper frame body and the lower frame body are embedded in the positioning hole in a sliding mode, so that the whole elastic unit can be positioned by the positioning hole; the elastic unit is only elastically stretched out and drawn back in the vertical direction, is well positioned and limited in the transverse and longitudinal directions, and is not prone to position deviation or torsional deformation, so that the steel rail loaded on the elastic unit is more stable, particularly, the torsion of the steel rail can be effectively reduced, and the loss of the steel rail is relieved. Moreover, as the elastic unit can be arranged by utilizing the height difference between the positioning component and the steel rail and the depth of the positioning hole, compared with an elastic base plate in a traditional fastener, the thickness of the elastic unit is obviously increased, correspondingly, the rigidity is greatly reduced, a better vibration reduction effect can be achieved, and the fastener can be suitable for scenes with high vibration reduction requirements.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to rail transit technical field, concretely relates to an elastic unit and rail fastening. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rail fastening is one of important components in rail structure, at present, the rail fastening for subway rail usually is equipped with elastic unit for damping, constitutes damping fastening, it can keep the correct position of rail on the rail sleeper and reliable connection between rail and rail sleeper, can prevent the longitudinal and lateral movement of rail, and provide certain elasticity for rail structure, slow down the wheel rail vibration transmission and slow down the accumulation of residual deformation of rail.

[0003] However, the damping performance of the existing damping fastening is limited, which is difficult to meet the demand of high damping scene. Figure 13 For example, an existing damping fastening shown in the figure mainly includes buffer pad plate 1, iron pad plate 2, under rail pad plate 3, elastic strip 4 and gauge block 5, the insulation buffer pad plate 1 and the under rail pad plate 3 are usually elastic pad plates of rubber material, the through hole is formed on the insulation buffer pad plate 1 and the iron pad plate 2, which is used for setting the spike 6, so as to fix it on the sleeper; the under rail pad plate 3 is arranged on the upper surface of the iron pad plate 2, the rail is placed on the under rail pad plate 3 and is pressed by the elastic strip 4 and the gauge block 5. It can be seen that since the insulation buffer pad plate 1 is fixed and pressed by the spike 6 and the iron pad plate 2, the insulation buffer pad plate 1 cannot produce dynamic elastic deformation in the vertical direction when the train passes, and only the under rail pad plate 3 can actually play the role of elastic damping, and the thickness of the under rail pad plate 3 is very thin, so its stiffness is high, especially the dynamic stiffness is significantly high, which leads to poor damping effect. In addition, in the above structure, since the under rail pad plate 3 lacks effective limiting regulation means, when the rail bears a large lateral force, the under rail pad plate 3 is easy to be driven to produce position deviation or torsional deformation, and the rail also produces torsional deformation, which affects the stability and service life of the rail.

[0004] In order to improve the damping performance, the general idea is to increase the height of the rubber spring, so that its stiffness is reduced and the damping performance is better. However, the height between the sleeper and the rail is very limited, and it is very difficult to further increase the height of the elastic unit on the basis of the above compact multi-layer structure. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a new type of elastic unit and the structure design of the rail fastening are needed. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model is carried out for solving at least one of the above problems, aims at providing an elastic unit with better damping performance and better lateral and longitudinal stability and a rail fastening adopting the elastic unit, and the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] The utility model provides a kind of elastic unit, and positioning unit, buckle and press unit jointly constitute the rail fastener matched with rail tie and steel rail, the positioning unit middle part has through positioning hole, it has such technical features, the elastic unit includes: lower frame body, with the center positioning hole is matched and is set in the center positioning hole;Upper frame body, with the lower frame body can be slidably embedded;And elastomer, it is set in the cavity formed by the lower frame body and the upper frame body, wherein, from the extension direction of the steel rail, the elastomer is in convex letter shape.

[0007] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features: the positioning hole is a rectangular hole, the lower frame body and the upper frame body are both in the shape of a rectangular cover, and the width of the upper surface of the upper frame body is less than the width of the bottom surface of the steel rail.

[0008] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features: in the width direction of the steel rail, the distance between the upper end edges of the upper frame body and the corresponding edges of the steel rail is 5 mm to 8 mm.

[0009] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features: the difference between the length of the upper surface of the upper frame body and the width of the upper surface is less than 10% of the width of the upper surface.

[0010] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features: in the state where the steel rail does not bear load, the height difference between the bottom surface of the steel rail and the upper end edges of the lower frame body is 9 mm to 12 mm, and the height difference between the lower end edges of the upper frame body and the inner bottom surface of the lower frame body is 8 mm to 13 mm.

[0011] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features: in the case where the steel rail bears load within a predetermined range, the height difference between the lower end edges of the upper frame body and the inner bottom surface of the lower frame body is at least 3 mm to 5 mm.

[0012] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features: the material of the lower frame body is polytetrafluoroethylene, and the upper end edges of the lower frame body are higher than the upper end edges of the center positioning hole by 2 mm to 4 mm.

[0013] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features: the elastomer is any one of one or more rubber springs, one or more spiral steel springs, one or more disc springs, and one or more foamed rubber springs.

[0014] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features, wherein the elastic body comprises: a rubber spring main body, which is in a round-corner square column shape and gradually decreases in cross-sectional area from both ends to the middle of the rubber spring main body; and two reinforcing plates, which are embedded in both ends of the rubber spring main body respectively.

[0015] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features, wherein the elastic body is a rubber spring, which is in a round-corner square column shape and has a plurality of holes extending from the upper surface to the lower surface.

[0016] The elastic unit provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features, wherein the holes are straight holes or curved holes, and the number of the holes is 4-9.

[0017] The utility model provides a kind of rail fastening, it is matched with sleeper and steel rail and is set, it has the following technical features, this rail fastening includes: positioning unit, it is set on the sleeper;Elastic unit is set between the sleeper and the steel rail, the steel rail is carried on the elastic unit;And a pair of buckling unit, it is set on the positioning unit, for buckling the steel rail, wherein the middle part of the positioning unit has positioning hole, it is through along the direction being perpendicular to the sleeper upper surface, elastic unit is the elastic unit described above, it is set in the positioning hole, its height corresponds with the distance between the sleeper and the steel rail.

[0018] The rail fastening provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features, wherein the positioning hole is rectangular hole, the positioning unit also has a plurality of limit grooves, is respectively set in the opposite sides of the central positioning hole, the lower frame of the elastic unit two sides respectively has a plurality of limit protrusions matched with the limit groove, for embedding with corresponding limit groove, so as to limit the elastic unit.

[0019] The rail fastening provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features, and it further includes: insulating plate, it is set between the sleeper and the positioning unit, wherein the insulating plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the lower end of the elastic unit is in contact with the upper surface of the insulating plate.

[0020] The rail fastening provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features, and it further includes: one or more first height-adjusting pads, which are set between the upper end of the elastic unit and the bottom surface of the steel rail, for adjusting the height of the upper surface of the steel rail.

[0021] The rail fastening provided by the utility model can also have the following technical features, and it further includes: one or more second height-adjusting pads, which are set between the positioning unit and the sleeper, for adjusting the height of the upper surface of the steel rail.

[0022] Effects of the utility model

[0023] According to the elastic unit and the rail fastener, the elastic unit has a lower frame body, an upper frame body and an elastic body arranged in the shell body, the lower frame body is matched with the positioning hole of the positioning unit and is arranged in the positioning hole, and the open end of the upper frame body is slidably embedded in the lower frame body, so that the elastic unit as a whole can be positioned by the positioning hole, and only vertically elastically stretches, and is well positioned and limited in the horizontal and vertical directions, and is not easy to deviate or twist and deform, so that the rail placed on the elastic unit is more stable, and especially the rail twisting can be effectively reduced, so that the loss of the rail is slowed down. Moreover, the elastic unit can be arranged by using the height difference between the positioning unit and the rail and the depth of the positioning hole, so that compared with the elastic pad plate in the traditional fastener, the thickness (height) of the elastic unit can be significantly increased under the condition that the distance between the rail and the sleeper is basically unchanged, and the rigidity thereof is greatly reduced, so that better damping effect can be achieved, and the elastic unit can be applicable to scenes with high damping requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a sectional view of the rail fastener in the use state of the utility model embodiment one;

[0025] Figure 2 is a top view of the rail fastener in the utility model embodiment one;

[0026] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the positioning unit in the utility model embodiment one;

[0027] Figure 4 is a perspective view of the elastic unit in the utility model embodiment one;

[0028] Figure 5 is a sectional view of the elastic unit in the utility model embodiment one;

[0029] Figure 6 is a bottom view of the elastic unit in the utility model embodiment one;

[0030] Figure 7 is a sectional view of the elastic unit in the utility model embodiment two;

[0031] Figure 8 is a sectional view of the elastic unit in the utility model embodiment three;

[0032] Figure 9 is a sectional view of the elastic unit in the utility model embodiment four;

[0033] Figure 10 is a sectional view of the elastic unit in the utility model embodiment five;

[0034] Figure 11 is the sectional view of the steel rail fastener in use state in the sixth embodiment of the utility model,

[0035] Figure 12 is the perspective view of the positioning unit in the sixth embodiment of the utility model,

[0036] Figure 13 is the sectional view of the steel rail fastener in use state in the prior art.

[0037] Reference signs:

[0038] Steel rail fastener 100, positioning unit 10, positioning unit 10, plate-shaped part 111, square shallow groove 1111, spike mounting hole 1112, connecting part 112, connecting limiting groove 1121, notch 1121a, positioning hole 113, inner side wall 1131, component mounting part 12, support column 121, arc bottom groove 1211, elastic strip fixing hole 122, gauge block support plate 123, gauge block support surface 1231, elastic strip fixing block 124, elastic strip fixing hole 1241, gauge block support surface 1242,

[0039] Elastic strip support block 125, elastic strip support surface 1251, elastic unit 20, lower frame body 21, limiting protrusion 211, drainage hole 212, upper frame body 22, elastic body 23, rubber spring main body 231, reinforcing plate 232, through hole 233, insulating bottom plate 30, elastic strip 40, elastic strip fixing part 50, gauge block 60, spike 70, sleeper 200, steel rail 300, insulating cushion pad 1, iron pad 2, track pad 3, elastic strip 4, gauge block 5, spike 6, first height difference h1, second height difference h2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purposes and effects realized by the utility model easy to understand, the elastic unit and the steel rail fastener of the utility model are specifically described below in combination with embodiments and drawings.

[0041] <Embodiment One>

[0042] Figure 1 is the sectional view of the steel rail fastener in use state in the sixth embodiment of the utility model, Figure 2 is the plan view of the steel rail fastener in use state in the sixth embodiment of the utility model, which shows the state of the steel rail fastener installed in the track, and Figure 2 The elastic unit below the steel rail is shown by a dashed line in the sixth embodiment of the utility model.

[0043] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the rail fastener 100 comprises a positioning unit 10, an elastic unit 20, an insulating base plate 30, a clamping unit and a pair of spikes 70. In this embodiment, the clamping unit comprises a pair of elastic strips 40, two groups of elastic strip fixing members 50 and a pair of gauge blocks 60.

[0044] Figure 3 is a perspective view of the positioning unit in this embodiment.

[0045] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, the positioning unit 10 is in the shape of a plate with a convex structure on one side, which comprises a middle positioning part 11 and a pair of side positioning parts 12.

[0046] The middle positioning part 11 is in the shape of a long rectangular plate, which has a through positioning hole 113 in the middle and two mutually parallel connecting parts 112 on both sides of the positioning hole 113.

[0047] The two connecting parts 112 are in the shape of square columns and are mutually parallel. The length, width and height of each connecting part 112 are consistent with the length, width and height of the positioning unit 10 respectively. Each connecting part 112 has a plurality of limiting grooves 1121 (limiting parts), which are in the shape of half cylinders. The length of the limiting groove 1121 is consistent with the thickness of the middle positioning part 11, the upper end of which is located in the middle of the connecting part 112 and the lower end of which is located at the bottom surface of the connecting part 112, forming a semicircular notch 1121a at the bottom surface of the connecting part 112, i.e. the upper end of the limiting groove 1121 is closed and the lower end is open. One side of the limiting groove 1121 is in communication with the positioning hole 113, forming a rectangular opening at the inner side wall of the positioning hole 113.

[0048] The positioning hole 113 is through the thickness of the positioning unit 10 and is in the shape of a rounded rectangle in the through direction, with uniform cross-sectional dimensions and the same rounded rectangular openings at both ends. The four inner side walls 1131 of the positioning hole 113 are in the shape of long rectangular strips and are perpendicular to the length and width of the middle positioning part 11 respectively. After assembly, the positioning hole 113 of the positioning unit 10 is located directly below the rail. For ease of description below, in this embodiment, the width direction of the positioning hole 113 is the width direction of the rail and the length direction of the positioning hole 113 is the extension direction of the rail.

[0049] In the embodiment, two limiting grooves 1121 are arranged on each connecting portion 112, respectively close to the two ends of the connecting portion 112. The length and width of the above-mentioned section of the positioning hole 113 are each 150 mm-170 mm, preferably, the difference between the length and width of the section of the positioning hole 113 is less than 10% of the width, more preferably less than 5%, that is, the vertical section of the positioning hole 113 is very close to a square. The depth of the positioning hole 113 (that is, the thickness of the connecting portion 112) is 12 mm-30 mm, preferably 20 mm-30 mm. The width of the connecting portion 112 is 15 mm-25 mm, and the height of the connecting portion 112 is correspondingly 12 mm-30 mm.

[0050] The side positioning portion 12 is used for arranging and positioning the pressing buckle unit. Two side positioning portions 12 are respectively located on the two sides of the middle positioning portion 11 and are centrally symmetrically distributed along the center of the positioning unit 10.

[0051] In the embodiment, the side positioning portion 12 is used for mounting and supporting the ω-shaped elastic strip. The side positioning portion 12 includes a plate-shaped portion 128 and two support columns 121, an elastic strip fixing hole 122 and a gauge block support plate 123 arranged on the plate-shaped portion 128.

[0052] The plate-shaped portion 128 is generally rectangular and has rounded corners. A square shallow groove 1281 and a stud mounting hole 1282 are formed on the upper surface of one side of each plate-shaped portion 128. The corners of the square shallow groove 1281 are rounded. The stud mounting hole 1282 is a circular through hole, and a pair of stud mounting holes 1282 are located on one diagonal of the positioning unit 10.

[0053] The support column 121 is generally square columnar, and the upper end has an arc-bottom groove 1211 matching the bent portion of the ω-shaped elastic strip. The bottom surface of the arc-bottom groove 1211 is generally cylindrical. The two support columns 121 are arranged at a distance along the width direction of the positioning unit 10, and the two arc-bottom grooves 1211 are generally aligned in the width direction of the positioning unit 10.

[0054] The elastic strip fixing hole 122 is arranged between the two support columns 121 and the positioning hole 113 and is also located between the two supports 121 in the width direction of the positioning unit 10. The elastic strip fixing hole 122 is a columnar hole for mounting and fixing the elastic strip fixing member of the ω-shaped elastic strip.

[0055] The gauge block support plate 123 is arranged between the two support columns 121 and the positioning hole 113 and close to the edge of the positioning hole 113. Each gauge block support plate 123 has a gauge block support surface 1231 on the side facing the positioning hole 113, which is generally planar and perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning unit 10. The gauge block support surfaces 1231 of a pair of gauge block support plates 123 are opposite to each other and are used for supporting a pair of gauge blocks in the transverse direction.

[0056] In this embodiment, the positioning unit 10 is an integrally formed piece made of nodular cast iron.

[0057] The insulating base plate 30 is arranged on the sleeper 200, and the length and width of the insulating base plate 30 are substantially the same as the length and width of the positioning unit 10. In this embodiment, the sleeper 200 is a concrete sleeper, and the upper surface of the sleeper 200 is substantially planar. The insulating base plate 30 is relatively thin, and the thickness of the insulating base plate 30 is less than 5 mm. A pair of spike mounting holes are also arranged at corresponding positions on the insulating base plate 30. In this embodiment, the insulating base plate 30 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0058] The positioning unit 10 is arranged on the insulating base plate 30, and the laminated insulating base plate 30 and positioning unit 10 are fixed on the sleeper 200 by a pair of spikes 70.

[0059] The elastic unit 20 is arranged in the positioning hole 113 of the positioning unit 10, and the rail 300 is arranged on the elastic unit 20.

[0060] Figure 4 is a perspective view of the elastic unit in this embodiment, Figure 5 is a sectional view of the elastic unit in this embodiment, Figure 6 is a bottom view of the elastic unit in this embodiment, Figure 6 shows the structure of the bottom of the lower frame body.

[0061] As shown in Figures 4 to 6 , the elastic unit 20 includes a lower frame body 21, an upper frame body 22, and an elastic body 23.

[0062] The lower frame body 21 is in the shape of a rectangular cover matching the positioning hole 113, the lower part of the lower frame body 21 is closed, the upper end of the lower frame body 21 is open, and the lower part of the lower frame body 21 has a plurality of limiting protrusions 211 on both sides. The limiting protrusions 211 match the connecting limiting grooves 1121 on both sides of the positioning hole 113, that is, the limiting protrusions 211 are in the shape of a semi-cylinder, the length direction of the limiting protrusions 211 is consistent with the height direction of the lower frame body 21, the lower end of the limiting protrusions 211 is substantially flush with the lower end of the lower frame body 21, and the upper end of the limiting protrusions 211 is located at the middle of the height direction of the lower frame body 21. The cross section of the inner cavity of the lower frame body 21 is in the shape of a rounded rectangle, and the upper end of the lower frame body 21 is also in the same shape.

[0063] In addition, as shown in Figure 7 , a plurality of drainage holes 212 are also distributed on the bottom plate of the lower frame body 21. The drainage holes 212 are small circular through holes. If water enters the cavity, the water can be discharged through the plurality of drainage holes 212 to avoid affecting the elastic damping effect of the elastic unit 20 due to water ingress. In this embodiment, there are eight drainage holes 212, two drainage holes 212 in each group, and each group of drainage holes 212 is arranged close to a corner of the bottom of the lower frame body 21.

[0064] The lower frame body 21 can be inserted into and substantially fitted in the positioning hole 113 from the lower end opening of the positioning hole 113, the plurality of limiting protrusions 211 on both sides of the lower frame body 21 are respectively fitted in the respective connecting limiting grooves 1121, the bottom surface of the lower frame body 21 is in contact with the insulating bottom plate 30, and the height of the lower frame body 21 is equal to or slightly greater than the depth of the positioning hole 113. In the embodiment, the extension length of the limiting protrusion 211 is substantially the same as the extension length of the connecting limiting groove 1121, so that the lower frame body 21 is substantially fixed in the positioning hole 113, and the opening end edge of the lower frame body 21 is substantially flush with the upper end of the connecting portion 112 beside the positioning hole 113, or can be slightly higher than the upper end of the connecting portion 112. In the embodiment, the upper end edge of the lower frame body 21 is 2 mm to 4 mm higher than the upper end of the connecting portion 112. In an alternative, the extension length of the limiting protrusion 211 can also be slightly smaller than the extension length of the connecting limiting groove 1121, and the limiting protrusion 211 can be slightly movable along the extension length direction (i.e. the through direction of the positioning hole 113) in the connecting limiting groove 1121, and a certain guiding effect can also be achieved through the cooperation of the limiting protrusion 211 and the connecting limiting groove 1121, which can also be respectively referred to as a guiding protrusion and a guiding groove in this case. In an alternative, the connecting limiting groove 1121 can also be a through groove extending from the upper end edge of the positioning hole 113 to the lower end edge thereof.

[0065] The upper frame body 22 is also a rectangular cover, and the length and width of the outer periphery thereof are respectively equal to or slightly smaller than the length and width of the inner cavity of the lower frame body 21. The opening end of the upper frame body 22 faces downward and is slidably embedded in the inner cavity of the lower frame body 21, and a semi-closed cavity is formed between the embedded upper frame body 22 and the lower frame body 21, and the elastic body 23 is accommodated in the cavity. The upper surface of the upper frame body 22 is a bearing surface for bearing the rail, and the bearing surface is close to a square and has a large area. Specifically, the length (the length in the extension direction of the rail) and the width (the width in the same direction as the width direction of the rail) of the bearing surface are each 120 mm to 140 mm, that is, the width of the bearing surface is smaller than the width of the bottom surface of the rail. Preferably, the width of the bearing surface is 134 mm to 140 mm, so that there is a spacing of 5 mm to 8 mm between each side of the upper frame body 22 and the corresponding side of the bottom of the rail. More preferably, the width of the bearing surface is 140 mm, and the length is 134 mm.

[0066] One of the lower frame 21 and the upper frame 22 is made of a metal material, and the other is made of a non-metal material with a hardness less than that of the metal. Preferably, the non-metal material is a material with good insulation performance, small frictional resistance, and good wear resistance, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene filled with a reinforcing material such as carbon fiber, copper powder, or polyphenyl ester. The metal material is, for example, cast iron or steel. More preferably, the lower frame 21 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which is softer than the metal material, so that the elastic unit 20 and the positioning unit 10 are in non-rigid contact. In addition, there can be a small gap, for example, less than 1 mm, between the lower frame 21 and the positioning hole 113.

[0067] When the lower frame 21 is made of a non-metal material with good insulation, since the rail 300 is only in contact with the elastic unit 20 and the gauge block 60, and not in contact with the positioning unit 10, and the upper frame 22 is also not in contact with the positioning unit 10, the rail fastener 100 can optionally not include an insulating base plate 30, i.e., the positioning unit 10 and the lower frame 21 are directly placed on the sleeper 200, so that the elastic unit 20 can have a greater thickness (height).

[0068] As shown in FIG. 1, the elastic body 23 includes a rubber spring body 231 and two reinforcing plates 232. Figure 5

[0069] The rubber spring body 231 is made of rubber as the name suggests, and has a flat square column shape. The cross section in the height direction is a rounded rectangle, and the cross-sectional size gradually decreases from both ends to the middle of the rubber spring body 231, so that the four sides of the rubber spring body 231 are all concave arcs, and in the absence of external force, the four sides are approximately cylindrical surfaces. The length and width of the two ends of the rubber spring body 231 are equal to or slightly less than the length and width of the inner cavity of the upper frame 22, so that the upper end can be approximately fitted at the inner top surface of the upper frame 22, and the lower end is placed on the inner bottom surface of the lower frame 21. There is a gap between the side surface of the rubber spring body 231 and the inner side wall of the upper frame 22, which is the deformable space of the rubber spring body 231.

[0070] ​The two reinforcing plates 232 are rounded rectangular metal plates, preferably steel plates, with their length and width slightly smaller than the length and width of the ends of the rubber spring body 231, respectively. The two reinforcing plates 232 are embedded inside both ends of the rubber spring body 231. When the elastic element 20 is subjected to pressure, the reinforcing plates 232 can transmit the pressure more evenly to the interior of the rubber spring body 231, which is equivalent to increasing the constraint area at the ends of the rubber spring body 231. This can reduce the elastic deformation under the preload (static load) of the elastic force of the spring clip and the weight of the rail after assembly, thereby enabling the elastic body 23 to have a lower dynamic stiffness and achieve better vibration reduction when the train passes.

[0071] In an alternative, the rubber spring body 231 of the elastomer 23 may also be in other similar shapes, such as a rounded square prism with a uniform cross-sectional area; or the two ends of the rubber spring body 231 may be rounded rectangular plates, so that the reinforcing plate 232 can be more stably embedded in the two ends.

[0072] In this embodiment, under the pre-compression state after assembly (i.e.) Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the condition where the elastic unit 20 is under pre-compression from the weight of the spring clip and the rail, the thickness (height) of the elastic unit 20 is 35 mm to 39 mm; however, without the insulating base plate 30, the maximum thickness of the elastic unit 20 can reach 44 mm. The dynamic stiffness of the elastomer 23 is 6 kN / mm, 8 kN / mm, 10 kN / mm, 15 kN / mm, or 20 kN / mm, or multiple elastomers 23 are provided with the above-mentioned dynamic stiffnesses, that is, multiple elastomers 23 with a stepped stiffness distribution are provided, which can be replaced as needed to provide greater flexibility. The stiffness of the elastomer 23 can be achieved by fine-tuning the rubber material and / or the manufacturing process, specifically by adopting corresponding methods in the prior art.

[0073] In addition, such as Figure 6As shown, a first height difference h1 exists between the open end edge of the upper frame body 22 and the inner bottom surface of the lower frame body 21, and a second height difference h2 exists between the top end of the upper frame body 22 and the open end edge of the lower frame body 21. In this embodiment, the height of the elastic body 23 and the deformation amount of the elastic body 23 within a predetermined load range, the height of the upper frame body 22, and the height of the lower frame body 21 are such that, in the case of bearing a load within a predetermined range, the first height difference h1 is at least 8 mm to 10 mm, that is, the open end edge of the upper frame body 22 is always not in contact with the inner bottom surface of the lower frame body 21 within the predetermined load range, and there is a sufficient gap height, and the elastic body 23 can always play a role in elastic damping. In the case of not bearing external force, the second height difference h2 is 12 mm to 14 mm; in the case of bearing a load within a predetermined range, the second height difference h2 is at least 3 mm to 5 mm, that is, the upper end of the upper frame body 22 is always higher than the upper end of the connecting portion 112 of the positioning unit 10 within the predetermined load range, and the bottom of the rail 300 is always not in contact with the positioning unit 10. The predetermined load range may, for example, be 20 kN to 55 kN.

[0074] The elastic strip 40 is an ω-shaped elastic strip, and a pair of elastic strips 40 are respectively fixed on a pair of component mounting portions 12 through a set of elastic strip fixing members 50. The two bent portions of the ω-shaped elastic strip are respectively placed in the arc bottom grooves 1211 on the pair of support columns 121, and the elastic strip fixing members 50 pass through the middle of the ω-shaped elastic strip and press it tightly, and the elastic strip fixing members 50 include, for example, bolts, nuts, and washers. In this embodiment, the elastic strip 40 is made of silicon manganese spring steel.

[0075] The gage block 60 is long strip-shaped, and the cross section in the length direction is an obtuse angle L shape. The inner side of the gage block 60 is attached to one side of the bottom of the rail 300, the outer side is in abutment with the gage block support surface 1231 of the gage block support plate 123, and the upper side is in abutment with the two ends of the elastic strip 40. Under the action of the elastic strip 40, the two sides of the rail bottom of the rail 300 are pressed tightly by the two gage blocks 60, and are subjected to downward and transversely opposite pressing forces. According to the requirements of the gage and the geometric shape and size of the rail, two gage blocks 60 of different models can be used. In this embodiment, the gage block is made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0076] In addition, the rail fastener 100 can optionally further comprise one or more first height adjustment pads and one or more second height adjustment pads. The first height adjustment pad is in the shape of a rectangular plate, and has substantially the same size as the upper surface of the elastic unit 20. The second height adjustment pad is similar to the insulating base plate 30, and is in the shape of a rectangular plate with rounded corners and has a pair of spike mounting holes. The height adjustment pad has a certain thickness, for example, the thickness of the first height adjustment pad is 5-10 mm, and the thickness of the second height adjustment pad is 5-15 mm. When it is necessary to adjust the height of the rail, one or more first height adjustment pads can be installed between the upper end of the elastic unit 20 and the bottom surface of the rail according to the test results, or one or more second height adjustment pads can be installed between the positioning unit 10 and the upper surface of the sleeper. In the case of installing the pads, the upper and lower ends of the elastic unit 20 abut against the first and second height adjustment pads respectively, and the other structures in the fastener do not need to be changed at all. The material of the height adjustment pad is high-density polyethylene or rubber.

[0077] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 After assembly, the insulating base plate 30 and the positioning unit 10 are fixed to the sleeper 200 by a pair of spikes 70. The elastic unit 20 is accommodated in the positioning hole 113 in the middle of the positioning unit 10. The elastic unit 20 can elastically deform in the vertical direction, and its position and elastic deformation in the lateral direction are positioned and limited by the positioning hole 113. Since the upper end of the connecting limiting groove 1121 is closed, the position of the elastic unit 20 in the vertical direction is also positioned and limited. The rail 300 is placed above the elastic unit 20, that is, the lower end of the elastic unit 20 abuts against the insulating base plate 30, and the upper end abuts against the bottom surface of the rail 300. The elastic strips 40 and the gauge blocks 60 installed on both ends of the positioning unit 10 exert downward and lateral pressure on both sides of the rail bottom of the rail 300.

[0078] Therefore, when the train passes over the rail 300, the insulating base plate 30 and the elastic unit 20 play a vertical load bearing role, and the elastic unit 20 can play a damping role through elastic deformation, reducing the downward transmission of vertical load, and only a small part of the lateral force acting on the rail 300 is transmitted to the elastic unit 20 in the form of friction. The gauge blocks 60, the elastic strips 40, the positioning unit 10, and the spikes 70 play a longitudinal and lateral (rail width direction and rail extension direction) load bearing role, maintaining the gauge and geometry of the rail. The vertical force acting on the rail 300 mainly acts on the elastic unit 20, and the positioning unit 10 is basically not subjected to the vertical force from the rail 300. That is, by providing the positioning hole 113 in the middle of the positioning unit 10 and arranging the elastic unit 20 in the positioning hole 113, the thickness of the elastic unit 20 can be increased, and the effective separation (decoupling) of the vertical load bearing and the longitudinal and lateral load bearing of the rail fastener is achieved.

[0079] Regarding decoupling, it is worth mentioning that vibration isolation is mainly achieved by reducing the transmission of vibration from the source to other structures or devices, or vice versa. Vibration isolation techniques include damping, decoupling, etc., among which damping is to consume vibration energy, and decoupling is to cut off the vibration energy transmission path through physical isolation or dynamic means, the core goal of which is to reduce or eliminate the mechanical coupling between the vibration source and the protected system, thereby effectively isolating the vibration transmission. In the embodiment, the principle of decoupling is to block the rigid connection between the rail and the positioning unit and optimize the vibration transmission path; the implementation is to open a through positioning hole in the middle of the positioning unit and set an elastic unit in it, so that the rail is only in contact with the elastic unit within the predetermined load range, thereby blocking the direct transmission of vibration through the structure.

[0080] Effects of the first embodiment

[0081] According to the elastic unit and the rail fastener provided in the embodiment, the elastic unit has a lower frame, an upper frame and an elastic body arranged inside the housing. Since the lower frame is matched with the positioning hole of the positioning unit and arranged in the positioning hole, and the open end of the upper frame is slidably embedded in the lower frame, the elastic unit as a whole can be positioned by the positioning hole, and only vertically elastically stretched, but well positioned and limited in the horizontal and vertical directions, so as to prevent position deviation or torsional deformation, thereby making the rail placed on the elastic unit more stable, and effectively reducing the rail torsion, thereby slowing down the rail wear. Moreover, since the elastic unit can be arranged by using the height difference between the positioning unit and the rail and the depth of the positioning hole, the thickness (height) of the elastic unit can be significantly increased under the condition that the distance between the rail and the sleeper is basically unchanged, and accordingly the stiffness thereof is greatly reduced, so that better vibration reduction effect can be achieved, and the elastic unit can be applied to scenes with high vibration reduction requirements.

[0082] Further, the upper frame of the elastic unit is made of a metal material, and the lower frame is made of a non-metal material with relatively lower hardness, so that the friction between the two is small, and the expansion of the elastic body can be avoided, and the relatively soft lower frame enables the elastic unit and the positioning unit to be in non-rigid contact, thereby better achieving the decoupling effect.

[0083] In the embodiment, the lower frame is made of a non-metal material with good insulation performance, low friction coefficient and good wear resistance, so that the transmission of stray current in the fastener system is reduced, the electrochemical corrosion of metal parts can be avoided, the friction between the upper and lower frames does not affect the elastic body to play its elastic vibration reduction role, the vibration reduction effect is guaranteed, and the continuous service life of the rail fastener is also prolonged.

[0084] Further, since the height of the lower frame body is equal to or slightly greater than the depth of the positioning hole, the upper frame body is completely not in contact with the positioning unit, and the height and corresponding deformation amount of the elastic body, the height of the upper frame body and the height of the lower frame body enable the rail bottom to always bear on the elastic unit without contacting the positioning unit within a predetermined load range, so that the insulation effect of the rail can be achieved by only using the insulating material of the lower frame body, and the insulating bottom plate can be omitted, so that the elastic unit can have a greater height, thereby further reducing the stiffness and improving the damping effect, and the number of components of the rail fastener is further reduced, which is beneficial to assembly and maintenance.

[0085] In the embodiment, the positioning unit is an integrally formed piece, and the elastic unit can be pre-assembled and assembled as a whole at the construction site, so that the main components of the rail fastener are only the positioning unit, the elastic unit, the elastic strip and its fixing piece, and the gauge block, the number of components is small, and the overall structure is simple, so that the assembly process is efficient, and the subsequent maintenance is very convenient, which is suitable for new line construction or existing line reconstruction scenarios. Compared with the existing rail fastener, the installation complexity can be significantly reduced and the construction and maintenance efficiency can be improved in these scenarios.

[0086] In the embodiment, the cross section of the positioning hole is a rounded rectangle, and the cross section is very close to a square, so that the elastic unit with a vertical cross section of a rounded rectangle can be arranged, and the load bearing surface of the upper end of the elastic unit is close to a square and has a larger area. Through such an elastic unit, the rail can be better supported, the torsion of the rail under stress can be reduced, and the rail has higher stability.

[0087] Further, the connecting part of the positioning unit on both sides of the positioning hole is in the shape of a square column, and the width and thickness are both greater than 15 mm, so that even if a larger rectangular positioning hole is arranged in the middle of the positioning unit, the connecting part on both sides of the positioning hole still has sufficient strength and does not affect the stability and reliability of the positioning unit, the elastic strip and the gauge block thereon.

[0088] Further, the height and stiffness of the elastic unit are set such that even if the elastic unit is compressed to the limit within a predetermined load range, there is still a certain height difference between the upper end of the elastic unit and the upper end of the connecting part of the positioning unit, so that the rail and the gauge block do not contact the positioning unit under stress, which not only ensures that the elastic unit can play its elastic damping effect without obstruction, but also further avoids the bending of the middle part of the positioning unit under stress, thereby improving the reliability of the rail fastener.

[0089] Further, the positioning holes on both sides have a plurality of closed connection limiting grooves, and the lower part of the elastic unit has a plurality of limiting protrusions matched with the limiting grooves, so that the vertical position and the horizontal and longitudinal position of the elastic unit can be positioned and constrained through the cooperation of the limiting grooves and the limiting protrusions, thereby avoiding or reducing rail corrugation, gauge change and other diseases caused by weak horizontal constraint.

[0090] Further, the elastic body is a square column rubber spring with reinforcing plates embedded at both ends, so that the elastic body has a large contact area between the two ends and the upper and lower frame bodies, and when bearing a load, the reinforcing plates can make the load act more uniformly on the middle rubber part of the elastic body, thereby reducing the deformation amount of the elastic body during pre-pressing, so that the elastic body has a lower dynamic stiffness and can have a better damping effect when the train passes.

[0091] In the embodiment, a plurality of elastic units with a ladder-shaped distribution of dynamic stiffness are designed, so that the elastic unit with appropriate stiffness can be conveniently selected according to the actual needs in the track, and the elastic fastener only needs to replace the elastic unit to be applicable to a variety of different track scenes.

[0092] Further, each component mounting portion has two support columns and a spring fixing hole, and the top of the support column has an arc bottom groove, so that the ω-shaped spring can be stably installed and supported, and since the overall shape of the positioning unit is very close to the existing iron pad for the ω-shaped spring, the existing iron pad in the track can be conveniently and directly replaced.

[0093] In the embodiment, the positioning unit is integrally made of nodular cast iron, which has mechanical properties close to steel, good wear resistance, and certain elasticity, temperature resistance and corrosion resistance; the insulating bottom plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, which has very good insulation and wear resistance, and can reduce the risk of electrochemical corrosion, so that the rail fastener has a longer service life while keeping a low cost, and is suitable for large-scale application in the track.

[0094] In addition, in the embodiment, standardization design is adopted, and the overall shape and size of the rail fastener are completely the same as those of the existing rail fastener, so that the existing fastener can be conveniently replaced, and no height or slope adjustment is needed during use, and the adjustment mode of the gauge level is also completely the same as that of the existing fastener. Moreover, the positioning unit, fastener, spring, gauge block and the like in the rail fastener are standard parts, and the operation and maintenance and replacement are very convenient.

[0095] <Embodiment Two>

[0096] The embodiment provides an elastic unit and a rail fastener, and in the embodiment, the same reference signs are given to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment One, and the corresponding description is omitted.

[0097] Compared with the first embodiment, the difference is that the internal structure of the elastic unit is different.

[0098] Figure 7 is a sectional view of the elastic unit in the embodiment.

[0099] As shown in Figure 7 , the overall shape of the elastic unit 20 in the embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment, and the elastic body 23 is also a rubber spring, but the elastic body 23 is in the shape of a round-cornered square column and has a plurality of holes 233 extending from the upper surface to the lower surface of the rubber spring, which can be straight or curved, and in the embodiment, they are straight circular holes, and the sizes of the plurality of holes 233 are the same. The number of the holes 233 is 3-6, preferably 4 or 6, and they are arranged in two rows, respectively below the two sides of the bottom of the rail. The elastic unit 20 in the embodiment can have or not have the reinforcing plate 232 described above.

[0100] In an alternative, the shape of the elastic body 23 in the embodiment can be the same as that in the first embodiment, that is, the side surface is also in the shape of a concave arc.

[0101] In the embodiment, other structures are the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus the description is omitted.

[0102] Effects of the second embodiment

[0103] According to the elastic unit and the rail fastener provided in the embodiment, on the basis of the effects of the first embodiment, since the elastic unit further has a plurality of through holes, the rigidity of the elastic unit can be further reduced, and the vibration reduction effect is improved.

[0104] Further, the number of the holes is preferably 4 or 6, and they are arranged in two rows, respectively below the two sides of the bottom of the rail, so that the elastic unit can more uniformly bear the load and further avoid the torsion of the rail.

[0105] <Embodiment Three>

[0106] The embodiment provides an elastic unit and a rail fastener. In the embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the same constituent elements as those in the first embodiment, and the corresponding description is omitted.

[0107] Compared with the first embodiment, the difference is that the internal structure of the elastic unit is different.

[0108] Figure 8 is a sectional view of the elastic unit in the embodiment.

[0109] As shown in Figure 8As shown, the overall shape of the elastic unit 20 in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1. The elastic body 23 is also a rubber spring, but the elastic body 23 is a rounded square prism and is made by foaming process. It has dense micropores inside, so it can achieve lower stiffness and does not need to open through holes to reduce stiffness.

[0110] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0111] <Example 4>

[0112] This embodiment provides an elastic unit and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0113] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the fact that the internal structure of the elastic unit is different.

[0114] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0115] like Figure 9 As shown, the overall shape of the elastic unit 20 in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, but the elastic body 23 therein is a plurality of butterfly springs stacked along the height direction, that is, a plurality of butterfly springs connected in series. When n butterfly springs with the same stiffness are connected in series, their total stiffness is 1 / n of that of a single butterfly spring, so it is relatively easy to achieve a lower stiffness.

[0116] <Example 5>

[0117] This embodiment provides an elastic unit and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0118] The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the fact that the internal structure of the elastic unit is different.

[0119] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0120] like Figure 10 As shown, the overall shape of the elastic unit 20 in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, but the elastic body 23 consists of multiple parallel helical steel springs. The axial direction of each steel spring is consistent with the height direction of the elastic unit 20. The number of steel springs is 4 to 9. The total stiffness of the multiple parallel helical steel springs is the sum of their stiffnesses, while the stiffness of a single steel spring is relatively small, thus making it relatively easy to achieve a lower stiffness. To better fix the ends of the steel springs, optionally, corresponding spring end limiting structures, such as circular grooves, can be formed on the inner top surface of the upper frame 22 and the inner bottom surface of the lower frame 21.

[0121] In this embodiment, the other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0122] <Example 6>

[0123] This embodiment provides an elastic unit and a rail fastener. In this embodiment, the same symbols are assigned to the same constituent elements as in Embodiment 1, and the corresponding descriptions are omitted.

[0124] Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference lies in the fact that the structure of the spring bar and the positioning unit is different in this embodiment.

[0125] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the rail fastener in use in this embodiment. Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional view of the positioning unit in this embodiment.

[0126] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, in this embodiment, the spring bar 40 is an E-type spring bar, and correspondingly, the positioning unit 10 has a component mounting part 12 adapted to the E-type spring bar. The component mounting part 12 in this embodiment includes a spring bar fixing block 124 and a spring bar support block 125.

[0127] The spring clip fixing block 124 is disposed on the upper surface of the plate-shaped portion 111 and located next to the positioning hole 113. The spring clip fixing block 124 is generally incompletely cylindrical, with its axial direction aligned with the width direction of the positioning unit 10. A spring clip fixing hole 1241 is formed along its axial direction for fixing one end of the e-type spring clip. The side of the spring clip fixing block 124 facing the positioning hole 113 has a gauge block support surface 1242, which is planar and perpendicular to the length direction of the positioning unit 10. The gauge block support surfaces 1242 of a pair of spring clip fixing blocks 124 face each other.

[0128] The elastic bar support block 125 is a long strip-shaped block, located on one side of the elastic bar fixing block 124 and relatively further away from the positioning hole 113, and its height is lower than that of the elastic bar fixing block 124. The upper end of the elastic bar support block 125 has an elastic bar support surface 1251, which is approximately a long strip-shaped plane. The elastic bar support surface 1251 is inclined relative to the surface direction of the positioning unit 10 and is inclined downward toward the rail spike mounting hole 1112 on one side.

[0129] One end of the e-type elastic bar 40 is embedded in the elastic bar fixing hole 1241, and a straight section in the middle of the e-type elastic bar 40 is supported on the elastic bar support surface 1251.

[0130] The inner side of the gauge block 60 is attached to one side of the bottom of the rail 300, the outer side is in abutment with the gauge block supporting surface 1242 of one side of the elastic strip fixing block 124, and the upper side is in abutment with one end of the elastic strip 40. Under the action of the elastic strip 40, the rail bottom of the rail 300 is pressed tightly by the two gauge blocks 60 respectively, and is subjected to downward and transverse relative pressing force.

[0131] In this embodiment, other structures are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and thus will not be repeated.

[0132] <Comparative Example>

[0133] The present comparative example provides a prior rail fastener for comparison with the rail fastener of Embodiment 1.

[0134] The structure of the prior rail fastener is shown in Figure 13 After assembly, the distance between the bottom surface of the rail and the upper surface of the sleeper is 44 mm, wherein the thickness of the insulating cushion plate 1 is about 10 mm, and the thickness (i.e. the thickness after pre-pressing) of the rail pad 3 is about 10 mm. As described above, since the insulating cushion plate 1 is fixed by the iron pad and the spike, only the rail pad 3 plays the role of elastic damping. Under the condition that the load is 20 kN~55 kN and the load application frequency is 5 Hz, the dynamic stiffness of the pre-pressed rail pad 3 is usually 50 kN / mm~60 kN / mm or even higher, and thus the damping effect is very limited.

[0135] In contrast, in the rail fastener 100 of Embodiment 1, the height of the elastic unit 20 can reach 44 mm at most due to the depth of the positioning hole 113, and the height of the elastic body 23 can reach 35 mm~38 mm. Under the condition that the same rubber material is used for the rail pad 3, the height of the elastic body 23 is significantly increased, the dynamic stiffness is 8 kN / mm~20 kN / mm under the same condition that the load is 20 kN~55 kN and the frequency is 5 Hz, and thus the damping effect is significantly improved.

[0136] In addition, as shown in Figure 13 The rail pad 3 is placed on the upper surface of the iron pad 2, and there is basically no structure for limiting the rail pad 3 in the transverse and longitudinal directions, and thus the transverse force acting on the rail can easily cause the rail to twist in the transverse direction when the train passes. Some rail pads 3 are made into L-shaped at both ends and are buckled on the two side edges of the iron pad 2. However, since the rail pad 3 is relatively thin, the L-shaped end is relatively soft, and the transverse and longitudinal limiting effect is weak, and the above-mentioned twisting problem still exists.

[0137] In contrast, in the rail fastener 100 of the first embodiment, the lower part of the elastic unit 20 is embedded in the positioning hole 113 having sufficient depth, and the inner side wall 1131 of the positioning hole 113 can play a good horizontal and longitudinal limiting role, and the cooperation of the limiting protrusion and the connecting limiting groove 1121 further strengthens the horizontal and longitudinal limiting, so that the above-mentioned torsion problem of the rail can be significantly reduced, and the stability of the rail is higher.

[0138] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application, and the present application is not limited to the description range of the above embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0139] In the above embodiments, the straight track is taken as an example for specific description, and actually the positioning unit and the rail fastener of the present application can also be used for curved track sections.

Claims

1. An elastic unit, which, together with a positioning unit and a pressing unit, forms a rail fastener matched with a sleeper and a rail, the positioning unit having a through positioning hole in the middle, characterized in that, The elastic unit comprises: a lower frame body matched with the positioning hole and arranged in the positioning hole; an upper frame body slidably embedded with the lower frame body; and an elastic body arranged in a cavity formed by the lower frame body and the upper frame body, wherein the lower frame body and the upper frame body are both in the shape of a rectangular cover, and the elastic body is in the shape of a convex letter from the direction of the extension of the steel rail.

2. The elastic unit according to claim 1, wherein: wherein a width of an upper surface of the upper frame body is less than a width of a bottom surface of the steel rail.

3. The elastic unit according to claim 2, wherein: wherein a distance between both side edges of an upper end of the upper frame body and corresponding edges of the steel rail in the width direction of the steel rail is 5 mm to 8 mm.

4. The elastic unit according to claim 2, wherein: wherein a difference between a length of the upper surface of the upper frame body and the width of the upper surface is less than 10% of the width of the upper surface.

5. The elastic unit according to claim 2, wherein: wherein a height difference between the bottom surface of the steel rail and an upper end edge of the lower frame body in a state where the steel rail does not bear a load is 9 mm to 12 mm, and a height difference between a lower end edge of the upper frame body and an inner bottom surface of the lower frame body is 8 mm to 13 mm.

6. The elastic unit according to claim 5, wherein: wherein the height difference between the lower end edge of the upper frame body and the inner bottom surface of the lower frame body is at least 3 mm to 5 mm in the case where the steel rail bears a load within a predetermined range.

7. The elastic unit according to claim 2, wherein: wherein a material of the lower frame body is polytetrafluoroethylene, and the upper end edge of the lower frame body is 2 mm to 4 mm higher than an upper end edge of the positioning hole.

8. The elastic unit according to claim 1, wherein: wherein, the elastic body is any one of one or more rubber springs, one or more spiral steel springs, one or more disc springs, and one or more foamed rubber springs.

9. The elastic unit of claim 1, and wherein the elastic body comprises: a rubber spring body in the shape of a round-cornered square column, and the cross-sectional area of which gradually decreases from both ends to the middle of the rubber spring body; and two reinforcing plates embedded in both ends of the rubber spring body.

10. The elastic unit according to claim 1, wherein: the elastic body is a rubber spring in the shape of a round-cornered square column and has a plurality of channels extending from an upper surface to a lower surface thereof. wherein 11. The elastic unit according to claim 10, wherein: the channels are straight channels or curved channels, wherein and the number of the channels is 4 to 9. The positioning unit is arranged on the sleeper, 12. A rail fastening assembly for use with a sleeper and a rail, characterised in that, the elastic unit is arranged between the sleeper and the steel rail, and the steel rail is borne on the elastic unit, and a pair of buckling units is arranged on the positioning unit to buckle the steel rail, wherein a middle part of the positioning unit has a positioning hole penetrating in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the sleeper. ​ ​ ​ The elastic unit is the elastic unit as claimed in any one of claims 1-11, arranged in the positioning hole, and the height of the elastic unit corresponds to the distance between the sleeper and the rail.

13. The rail fastening of claim 12, wherein: wherein The positioning hole is a rectangular hole, The positioning unit further comprises a plurality of limiting grooves arranged on opposite sides of the positioning hole, The lower frame of the elastic unit is provided with a plurality of limiting protrusions on both sides, which are matched with the limiting grooves, and the limiting protrusions are embedded in the corresponding limiting grooves to limit the elastic unit.

14. The rail fastening of claim 12 wherein, Further comprising: An insulating plate arranged between the sleeper and the positioning unit, The insulating plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, The lower end of the elastic unit is in contact with the upper surface of the insulating plate.

15. The rail fastening of claim 12 wherein, Further comprising: One or more first height adjustment pads arranged between the upper end of the elastic unit and the bottom surface of the rail to adjust the height of the upper surface of the rail.

16. The rail fastening of claim 12 wherein, Further comprising: One or more second height adjustment pads arranged between the positioning unit and the sleeper to adjust the height of the upper surface of the rail.

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