Top combustion type hot blast stove

Abstract

The utility model provides a top combustion type hot-blast stove, which can optimize the structure of the hot-blast stove on the premise of ensuring the combustion performance of the hot-blast stove by improving the structure of the top combustion type hot-blast stove. The top combustion type hot blast stove comprises a vault section located at the top end and an equal-diameter section connected to the lower side of the vault section, and the radial size of the vault section is gradually reduced from bottom to top. An annular air cavity is arranged around the central axis of the arch crown section, the annular air cavity is provided with two spaced arc-shaped cavity sections, one arc-shaped cavity section is used for being communicated with an air source to serve as an air cavity channel, and the other arc-shaped cavity section is used for being communicated with a coal gas source to serve as a coal gas cavity channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hot blast stove technology, specifically to a top-fired hot blast stove. Background Technology

[0002] In the modern steel industry, blast furnace ironmaking is a core production process, and its efficiency and energy consumption directly affect the economic benefits and environmental performance of steel enterprises. Top-fired hot blast stoves, as key equipment in the blast furnace ironmaking process, play a crucial role in providing the blast furnace with a continuous and stable supply of high-temperature hot air (typically above 1200°C). These hot blast stoves heat regenerators (such as checker bricks) by efficiently burning coal gas (such as blast furnace gas and coke oven gas), thereby converting cold air into high-temperature hot air and delivering it to the blast furnace. This not only significantly improves ironmaking efficiency but also effectively reduces coke consumption, becoming an important technological support for promoting energy conservation, emission reduction, and green development in the steel industry.

[0003] The core advantage of top-fired hot blast stoves lies in their top-positioned combustion chamber, allowing flue gas to flow downwards, ensuring uniform heating of the heat storage medium and high heat recovery efficiency. Simultaneously, their compact structural design reduces heat dissipation area, further minimizing energy waste. However, the practical application of top-fired hot blast stoves, particularly the two mainstream types—the Kalugin top-fired hot blast stove and the catenary top-fired hot blast stove—faces challenges. With steel companies increasingly demanding cost optimization in production and construction, effectively optimizing the structure of hot blast stoves has become a crucial issue that urgently needs to be addressed by those skilled in the art. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a top-fired hot blast stove. By improving the structure of the top-fired hot blast stove, the height of the hot blast stove can be optimized while ensuring the combustion performance of the hot blast stove, thereby reducing the construction cost.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a top-fired hot air stove, comprising an arched section at the top and a section of equal diameter connected to the lower side of the arched section, wherein the radial dimension of the arched section gradually decreases from bottom to top; an annular air cavity is arranged around the central axis of the arched section, the annular air cavity having two spaced-apart arc-shaped cavity sections, one of which is used to connect to an air source as an air cavity, and the other of which is used to connect to a gas source as a gas cavity.

[0006] By adopting the technical solution of this application, the annular gas chamber is set at the top arch section of the hot blast stove. At the same time, the annular gas chamber is divided into two spaced arc-shaped chamber sections, which serve as air chambers and gas chambers respectively. This replaces the traditional method of arranging air chambers and gas chambers vertically along the axial direction, thereby effectively reducing the axial height of the top-fired hot blast stove and effectively optimizing the height of the top-fired hot blast stove.

[0007] Optionally, the dome section encloses a combustion chamber, and the dome section is also provided with a number of nozzles. The nozzles are evenly distributed around the circumference, and the annular gas chamber is connected to the combustion chamber through the nozzles. Each nozzle is arranged at an angle from bottom to top towards the central axis of the dome section.

[0008] By adopting an inclined nozzle distribution from bottom to top, the height of the combustion chamber can be reduced, thereby reducing the overall height of the top-fired hot blast stove and further reducing its radial dimensions. In addition, the inclined nozzle arrangement creates vortex combustion, shortens the combustion path, and improves combustion efficiency.

[0009] Optionally, each of the nozzles is divided into Class I nozzles, Class II nozzles, and Class III nozzles. Each type of nozzle is projected along the axial direction. The projections of nozzles belonging to the same class have the same extension direction, while the projections of nozzles belonging to different classes have different extension directions.

[0010] The arch section has at least one of the first type of opening, the second type of opening, and the third type of opening.

[0011] On the radial plane, the projection directions of different types of nozzles are different. By using one type of nozzle, any two types of nozzles, or three types of nozzles, vortex combustion can be formed, shortening the combustion path and improving combustion efficiency.

[0012] Optionally, the extension lines of the projections of each of the first-class nozzles intersect the central axis; compared with the other two types of nozzles, the first-class nozzle is located on the side closest to the equal diameter section in the height direction.

[0013] By setting up a type of inlet in this scheme, the mixing position of air and gas can be more concentrated, improving combustion stability, shortening mixing time, and increasing combustion efficiency.

[0014] Optionally, the extension lines of each of the Class II ports deflect radially along a first direction and are all tangent to a first reference circle, the center of which is located on the central axis.

[0015] In this embodiment, by adopting a type II port oscillation design, the jet airflow forms a spiral trajectory, tangent to the first reference circle, enhancing the vortex formation of fuel and air to form a swirling path, and promoting the uniform distribution of gas and air in the combustion chamber.

[0016] Optionally, the extension lines of each of the three types of ports deflect radially along the second direction and are all tangent to the second reference circle, the center of which is located on the central axis.

[0017] In this embodiment, the three-way oscillation design makes the jet airflow form a spiral trajectory, which is tangent to the second reference circle, enhancing the vortex of fuel and air to form a swirling path and promoting the uniform distribution of gas and air in the combustion chamber.

[0018] Optionally, the Class II port is located axially between the Class I port and the Class III port.

[0019] By employing a Class II inlet located axially between Class I and Class III inlets, and combining its spiral vortex characteristics, combustion efficiency is significantly improved through layered injection and vortex mixing. This allows the top-fired hot air furnace of this application to maintain or even exceed the original combustion efficiency while reducing its footprint.

[0020] Optionally, the equal-diameter section is also connected to a hot air outlet. By placing the hot air outlet at the lower part of the arch section, it is convenient for hot air to be discharged outward.

[0021] Optionally, the structure includes a furnace body and an arched top, with the arched top located at the top of the furnace body, and the equal-diameter section and the arched top section located at the arched top; the equal-diameter section encloses the top of the furnace body. This optimizes the flow field and enhances structural stability.

[0022] Optionally, the furnace body has a constant diameter structure. This constant diameter structure allows for a smooth transition with the constant diameter section of the dome, further optimizing the flow field and enhancing structural stability.

[0023] Other features and advantages of this specification will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of this specification and, together with their description, serve to explain the principles of this specification.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the top-fired hot blast stove along the axial direction in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is one of the axial projection views of the top-fired hot blast stove in the embodiments of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 This is the second axial projection of the top-fired hot air furnace in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is the third axial projection of the top-fired hot blast stove in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure label:

[0030] 1-Furnace body; 11-Regenerator wall; 110-Regenerator chamber; 12-Flue gas outlet; 13-Cold air inlet; 14-Grate; 2-Arch top; 22-Equal diameter section; 221-Hot air outlet; 21-Arch top section; 211-Annular gas chamber; 211a-Air passage; 211a-1-Air inlet; 211b-Gas passage; 211b-1-Gas inlet; 23-Combustion chamber; 212-Nozzle; 212a-Air inlet; 212b-Air outlet; 212-1-Class I inlet; 212-2-Class II inlet; 212-3-Class III inlet; 31-First reference circle; 32-Second reference circle; p-Central axis. Detailed Implementation

[0031] This utility model provides a top-fired hot blast stove. By improving the structure of the top-fired hot blast stove, the height of the hot blast stove can be optimized while ensuring the combustion performance of the hot blast stove, thereby reducing the construction cost.

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Relational terms such as “first” and “second” are used merely to distinguish one component from another that has the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between the components.

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the top-fired hot blast stove along the axial direction in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 2 This is one of the axial projection views of the top-fired hot blast stove in the embodiments of this utility model; Figure 3 This is the second axial projection of the top-fired hot blast stove in this embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is the third axial projection of the top-fired hot blast stove in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In such Figure 1 as well as Figures 2 to 4 In any of the examples shown, this utility model provides a top-fired hot blast stove, which includes a furnace body 1 and an arched top 2. The arched top 2 is located at the top of the furnace body 1 and includes an arched section 21 at the top and a constant-diameter section 22 connected to the lower side of the arched section 21. The radial dimension of the arched section 21 gradually decreases from bottom to top. The furnace body 1 has a constant-diameter structure, and the constant-diameter section 22 wraps around the top of the furnace body 1. The constant-diameter structure of the furnace body 1 allows for a smooth transition with the constant-diameter section 22 of the arched top 2, further optimizing the flow field and enhancing the stability of the structure. This optimizes the flow field and enhances the structural stability.

[0036] In a specific example, the furnace body 1 includes a heat storage wall 11 that encloses a heat storage chamber 110. A grate 14 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and the portion of the furnace body 1 located below the grate 14 is also connected to a cold air inlet 13 and a flue gas outlet 12. The improvement of this utility model revolves around the arched top 2. The furnace body 1 can adopt the furnace body 1 of the prior art. The specific structure of the furnace body 1 will not be described in detail here, and those skilled in the art can choose according to the circumstances.

[0037] In order to optimize the height of the hot blast stove while ensuring its combustion performance, in this embodiment, an annular air chamber 211 is provided around the central axis p of the dome section 21, and the plane of the annular air chamber 211 is perpendicular to the central axis p of the top-fired hot blast stove.

[0038] The annular gas chamber 211 has two spaced-apart arc-shaped sections, meaning the two arc-shaped sections are airtight with each other. One arc-shaped section is connected to an air source as an air passage 211a, and the other arc-shaped section is connected to a gas source as a gas passage 211b. The gas passage 211b is connected to the gas source through a gas inlet 211b-1, and the air passage 211a is connected to the air source through an air inlet 211a-1.

[0039] In other words, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the arch section 21 is provided with an air cavity 211a and a gas cavity 211b. Both air cavities 211a and 211b are arranged in an arc around the arch and located on the same circumference, and are spaced apart in the circumferential direction. The air cavities 211a and 211b are at the same height from the ground, meaning they are at the same floor level, constituting a "burner" installed in the arch section 21. As an optional example, the burner can be a ceramic burner.

[0040] By adopting the technical solution of this application, the annular gas cavity 211 is set at the top arch section 21 of the hot blast stove. At the same time, the annular gas cavity 211 is divided into two spaced arc-shaped cavity sections, which serve as air cavity 211a and gas cavity 211b respectively. This replaces the traditional method of arranging air cavity 211a and gas cavity 211b vertically along the axial direction, thereby effectively optimizing the axial height of the top-fired hot blast stove.

[0041] In the aforementioned embodiment, the dome section 21 encloses the combustion chamber 23, and the equal-diameter section 22 is also connected to a hot air outlet 221. By placing the hot air outlet 221 at the lower part of the dome section 21, it is convenient for hot air to be discharged outward. The dome section 21 is also provided with a plurality of nozzles 212, which are channels of a certain length. The nozzles 212 can be provided in one layer or multiple layers; the nozzles 212 located in the same layer are evenly distributed circumferentially, and the annular air chamber 211 is connected to the combustion chamber 23 through the nozzles 212; each nozzle 212 is arranged at an angle from bottom to top towards the central axis p of the dome section 21. Each nozzle 212 has an air inlet 212a and an air outlet 212b. The air inlet 212a is used to communicate with the annular air chamber 211, and the air outlet 212b is used to communicate with the combustion chamber 23. In the axial direction, the air inlet 212a of each nozzle 212 is located below the air outlet 212b.

[0042] Specifically, some nozzles 212 are connected to air duct 211a, and some are connected to gas duct 211b. In the example shown, air duct 211a and gas duct 211b are each half a circumference. The number of nozzles 212 that are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and connected to air duct 211a is equal to the number of nozzles 212 that are connected to gas duct 211b.

[0043] In the example shown, three layers of nozzles 212 are provided, and each layer of nozzles 212 is projected radially to form a radial projection range. The radial projection ranges of nozzles 212 in the same direction on the circumference are parallel. In addition to the example shown, one layer of nozzles 212, two layers of nozzles 212, or other numbers of nozzles 212 can also be provided.

[0044] By adopting an inclined distribution of nozzles 212 from bottom to top, the height of the combustion chamber 23 can be reduced, thereby reducing the overall height of the top-fired hot blast stove and further reducing its radial dimensions. In addition, the inclined arrangement of nozzles 212 forms vortex combustion, shortens the combustion path, and improves combustion efficiency.

[0045] The different structures of nozzle 212 will be further explained below.

[0046] like Figures 2 to 4 In the aforementioned embodiments, each nozzle 212 is classified into three types: Type 1 nozzle 212-1, Type 2 nozzle 212-2, and Type 3 nozzle 212-3. Each type of nozzle 212 is projected axially to form an axial projection range. The axial projections of nozzles of the same type extend in the same direction, while the projections of nozzles of different types extend in different directions. The arch section 21 has at least one of Type 1 nozzle 212-1, Type 2 nozzle 212-2, and Type 3 nozzle 212-3. That is, the axial projection ranges of the three types of nozzles 212 are all different.

[0047] Specifically, one layer of nozzles 212 is set, and each nozzle 212 is either a Class I nozzle 212-1 or a Class II nozzle 212-2. The arch section 21 can also include any two of Class I nozzles 212-1, Class II nozzles 212-2, and Class III nozzles 212-3, in which case at least two layers of nozzles 212 are required; the arch section 21 can also include Class I nozzles 212-1, Class II nozzles 212-2, and Class III nozzles 212-3 simultaneously, in which case at least three layers of nozzles 212 are required.

[0048] On the radial plane, the projections of different types of nozzles 212 extend in different directions. By using one type of nozzle 212, any two types of nozzles 212, or three types of nozzles 212, vortex combustion can be formed, shortening the combustion path and improving combustion efficiency.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the extension lines of the projections of each type 1 nozzle 212-1 intersect the central axis p. That is, the axial projection range of the type 1 nozzle 212-1 extends radially along the top-fired hot blast stove. Compared with the other two types of nozzles 212, the type 1 nozzle 212-1 is located on the side closest to the constant diameter section 22 in the height direction.

[0050] By setting the Class I port 212-1 in this scheme, the mixing position of air and gas can be more concentrated, improving the stability of combustion, shortening the mixing time, and improving combustion efficiency.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the extension lines of each Class II port 212-2 are deflected relative to the radial direction along the first turning direction, and are all tangent to the first reference circle 31, the center of the first reference circle 31 being located at the central axis p. That is, while the Class II ports 212-2 are arranged in a circumferential rotation, they extend obliquely relative to the central axis p, and the extension lines of the axial projection range of the Class II ports 212-2 are all tangent to the first reference circle 31.

[0052] In this embodiment, the oscillating design of the second-class port 212-2 is adopted to make the jet airflow form a spiral trajectory, which is tangent to the first reference circle 31, enhances the vortex of fuel and air to form a swirling path, and promotes the uniform distribution of gas and air in the combustion chamber 23.

[0053] like Figure 4As shown, the extensions of each of the three types of ports 212-3 deflect relative to the radial direction along the second rotation, and are all tangent to the second reference circle 32, the center of which is located at the central axis p. The first rotation is opposite to the second rotation. In the example shown, the second type of port 212-2 rotates clockwise in the circumferential direction, and the third type of port 212-3 rotates counterclockwise in the circumferential direction; conversely, if the third type of port 212-3 rotates clockwise in the circumferential direction, the second type of port 212-2 rotates counterclockwise in the circumferential direction.

[0054] In this embodiment, the oscillating design of the three-type nozzle 212-3 is adopted to make the jet airflow form a spiral trajectory, which is tangent to the second reference circle 32, enhances the vortex of fuel and air to form a swirling path, and promotes the uniform distribution of gas and air in the combustion chamber 23.

[0055] In the example shown, three layers of nozzles 212 are configured. Axially, the uppermost nozzle 212 is a Class III nozzle 212-3, the middle nozzle 212 is a Class II nozzle 212-2, and the lowermost nozzle 212 is a Class I nozzle 212-1. The Class II nozzle 212-2 is located axially between the Class I nozzle 212-1 and the Class III nozzle 212-3.

[0056] Of course, more layers of nozzles 212 can be set, as long as the lowest one is a Class I nozzle 212-1, used to spray air and gas in the direction of the central axis p. The nozzles 212 on the upper side and the nozzles 212 in the middle layer can rotate in opposite directions in the circumferential direction. Those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs.

[0057] By employing a Class II nozzle 212-2 positioned axially between Class I nozzle 212-1 and Class III nozzle 212-3, and combining its spiral vortex characteristics, combustion efficiency is significantly improved through layered injection and vortex mixing. This allows the top-fired hot air furnace of this application to maintain the original combustion efficiency or even higher efficiency while reducing the space occupied.

[0058] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this application are:

[0059] First, this application places the burner in the arch section 21 of the arch top 2, which can effectively reduce the axial height of the top-fired hot blast stove;

[0060] Secondly, the air cavity 211a and the gas cavity 211b are located at the same floor height and separated in the middle, which can also reduce the axial height of the top-fired hot blast stove.

[0061] Third, setting one or more nozzles 212, and selecting different types of nozzles 212-1, 212-2 or 312-3 can significantly improve the uniformity of air and gas mixing.

[0062] Fourth, the fact that all the ports are tilted relative to the central axis p can also improve the mixing efficiency of air and gas.

[0063] Fifth, in a specific example, suppose there are three layers of nozzles 212. The upper nozzle 212 rotates clockwise to spray, the middle nozzle rotates counterclockwise to spray, and the lower nozzle 212 sprays in the center. This is more conducive to the mixing of air and gas.

[0064] Sixth, unlike the traditional Kalugin hot blast stove where the burner is placed on the upper side of the dome, this application can significantly reduce the height of the top-fired hot blast stove by integrating the burner into the dome 2. Compared with the catenary hot blast stove, by setting different nozzle 212 structures, the radial dimension of the dome 2 can be significantly reduced, while also allowing for more complete mixing of air and gas.

[0065] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this utility model. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the core ideas of this utility model. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from the principles of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A top combustion hot stove, characterized by, The dome segment (21) is located at the top end, and the equal-diameter segment (22) is connected to the lower side of the dome segment (21), and the radial dimension of the dome segment (21) gradually decreases from bottom to top; An annular air cavity (211) is arranged around the central axis (p) of the dome segment (21), and the annular air cavity (211) has two spaced arc-shaped cavity segments, one of which is used as an air cavity (211a) connected to an air source, and the other is used as a gas cavity (211b) connected to a gas source.

2. A top combustion hot stove according to claim 1, characterized in that The dome segment (21) surrounds a combustion chamber (23), and a plurality of injection ports (212) are arranged on the dome segment (21), which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the annular air cavity (211) and the combustion chamber (23) are connected through the injection ports (212). Each of the injection ports (212) is gradually inclined from bottom to top towards the central axis (p).

3. A top combustion hot stove according to claim 2, characterized in that Each of the injection ports (212) is divided into a first type (212-1), a second type (212-2), and a third type (212-3), and the projection of each type of injection port (212) has the same extension direction, and the projection of different types of injection ports (212) has different extension directions. The dome segment (21) has at least one of the first type (212-1), the second type (212-2), and the third type (212-3).

4. A top combustion hot stove according to claim 3, characterized in that The projection of each first type (212-1) intersects the central axis (p). Compared with the rest of the types of injection ports (212), the first type (212-1) is located closest to the equal-diameter segment (22) in the height direction.

5. A top combustion hot stove according to claim 4, characterized in that The extension line of each second type (212-2) is offset relative to the radial direction along a first turning direction, and is tangent to a first reference circle (31).

6. A top combustion hot stove according to claim 5, characterized in that The center of the first reference circle (31) is located on the central axis (p).

7. A top combustion hot stove according to claim 5, characterized in that The extension line of each third type (212-3) is offset relative to the radial direction along a second turning direction, and is tangent to a second reference circle (32).

8. A top combustion hot stove according to claim 7, characterised in that The center of the second reference circle (32) is located on the central axis (p).

9. A top combustion hot stove according to claim 7, characterized in that The second type (212-2) is located between the first type (212-1) and the third type (212-3) in the axial direction.

10. A top combustion hot stove according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that The furnace body (1) and the dome portion (2) are arranged at the top end of the furnace body (1), and the equal-diameter segment (22) and the dome segment (21) are located in the dome portion (2), and the equal-diameter segment (22) is wrapped around the top end of the furnace body (1).

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