Smoke leakage detection device for fireproof door and window

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fireproof door and window smoke leakage detection device, which comprises a combustion chamber, a door and window installation port and an observation window, the door and window installation port and the observation window are arranged on one side of the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber adopts a composite structure and comprises a laminated combination of a silicon carbide ceramic lining and an aerogel heat insulation layer; a dynamic sealing detection module is integrated at the door and window mounting port and comprises a laser radar array which is annularly distributed and pressure difference sensing units which are symmetrically arranged; a spirally distributed laser microgroove array is arranged on the inner surface of the silicon carbide ceramic lining; the observation window is of a three-layer composite structure and comprises a high-temperature-resistant glass layer with the thickness being 8-10 mm and the light transmittance being larger than or equal to 90%; the cut-off wavelength of the infrared filter layer is 780 nm; the density of meshes of the explosion-proof metal net layer is 100-120 meshes; the utility model has the advantages of good stability, high precision and strong reliability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a fire door and window smoke leakage detection device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fire door and window smoke leakage detection is a key link to ensure building fire safety, mainly based on the following core reasons:

[0003] Life safety needs: more than 80% of deaths in fire are caused by smoke poisoning or asphyxiation, and fire doors and windows must effectively block high-temperature toxic smoke (such as CO, HCN), and the smoke leakage amount must meet national standards (such as ≤25m 3 / (m 2 ·h).

[0004] Regulatory requirements: domestic and international standards (GB 50016, ISO 3008 / 3009, etc.) all stipulate that fire doors and windows must pass air tightness tests, and smoke leakage detection is a mandatory test item for CCCF certification, directly affecting product marketing.

[0005] Material and structure risks: thermal deformation of door frames and carbonization of sealing strips at high temperatures may cause gaps (≥0.5mm, which can cause smoke leakage), and dynamic fire field pressure difference (±50Pa) further aggravates the risk of leakage, which requires high-precision detection (such as laser radar resolution ≤0.1mm).

[0006] Social benefits: strict detection reduces smoke diffusion, prolongs escape time, and at the same time forces optimization of new materials and structures, improving overall fire protection performance.

[0007] With the continuous improvement of building safety standards, fire doors and windows, as key components for blocking the spread of fire, their sealing performance directly affects the effectiveness of personnel evacuation and property protection. The existing technology has the following partial or total deficiencies:

[0008] Traditional detection methods rely on manual observation (such as visual inspection or smoke tracing), which has strong subjectivity and low resolution;

[0009] Dynamic sealing performance evaluation is insufficient, and existing pressure difference method detection is easily disturbed by thermal deformation in high-temperature environments, leading to misjudgment;

[0010] Poor adaptability to high-temperature environments, conventional sensors (such as photoelectric smoke sensors) easily fail when the temperature exceeds 300℃, making it difficult to meet the full monitoring needs of fire resistance tests (≥1 hour).

[0011] The current mainstream detection devices have the following technical bottlenecks:

[0012] Structural design deficiencies: the combustion chamber is mostly made of single metal or ceramic materials, which are prone to thermal stress cracking (such as increased brittleness of aluminum oxide ceramics above 800℃), leading to sealing failure;

[0013] Single detection means: laser triangulation method is only suitable for static gap measurement, and the differential pressure sensor lacks temperature compensation mechanism (such as the effect of film thermal expansion is not corrected);

[0014] Optical detection interference: flame radiation light (wavelength concentrated in 600-1000nm) will cover the smoke scattering signal, and the traditional infrared filter (cut-off wavelength is usually 650nm) cannot effectively isolate the interference. Innovative content

[0015] In order to at least overcome one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a fireproof door and window smoke leakage detection device, good stability, high precision, strong reliability.

[0016] A fireproof door and window smoke leakage detection device, comprising a combustion chamber, a door and window mounting port opened on one side of the combustion chamber and an observation window, the combustion chamber adopts a composite structure, which comprises a laminated combination of a silicon carbide ceramic lining and an aerogel thermal insulation layer; a dynamic sealing detection module is integrated at the door and window mounting port, which comprises an annular distributed laser radar array and a symmetrically arranged differential pressure sensing unit; the inner surface of the silicon carbide ceramic lining is provided with a spiral distributed laser micro groove array, the spiral angle of the laser micro groove array is 30°-45°, the groove bottom is a circular arc transition structure, the circular arc radius R is 0.05-0.1mm; the groove depth of the laser micro groove array is 0.2-0.5mm, the groove width is 0.1-0.3mm, and the groove spacing is 5-8mm; the observation window adopts a three-layer composite structure, which comprises: a high-temperature-resistant glass layer with a thickness of 8-10mm and a light transmittance of ≥90%; an infrared filter layer with a cut-off wavelength of 780nm; and an explosion-proof metal mesh layer with a mesh density of 100-120 meshes.

[0017] In some embodiments, the thickness of the silicon carbide ceramic lining is 8-12mm, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is ≤15W / (m·K); the aerogel thermal insulation layer is composed of a silica aerogel matrix and a carbon fiber reinforced mesh, the mass fraction of carbon fiber is 5%-8%, the pore size distribution is 10-50nm, and the bulk density is ≤150kg / m 3 ; the aerogel thermal insulation layer and the silicon carbide ceramic lining are connected by a high-temperature-resistant adhesive.

[0018] In some embodiments, the laser radar array comprises 8-12 groups of 905nm wavelength laser emitting units, the scanning frequency is 1kHz±10%, and the scanning angle covers ±60°; the field angle overlap rate of adjacent laser emitting units is ≥30%, and the detection resolution is ≤0.1mm.

[0019] In some embodiments, the differential pressure sensing unit is symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the door and window installation opening, with a range of ±1000Pa and a response time of ≤10ms; it includes a differential pressure diaphragm, a temperature compensation module and a signal conditioning module, with a temperature compensation range of -20℃ to 150℃.

[0020] In some embodiments, the system further includes a temperature compensation module, comprising four sets of K-type thermocouples arranged on the surface of a silicon carbide ceramic liner, with a detection range of 0-1200℃; and an embedded temperature compensation algorithm module that uses the least squares method to fit the temperature-pressure difference correction curve.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will continue to be set forth in the description which follows, in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of this application;

[0024] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combustion chamber of this application.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] Combustion chamber 1;

[0027] Silicon carbide ceramic liner 100, laser microgroove array 100a;

[0028] Aerogel insulation layer 101;

[0029] Silica aerogel matrix 101a, carbon fiber reinforced mesh 101b;

[0030] High-temperature resistant adhesive 102;

[0031] Temperature compensation module 103;

[0032] K-type thermocouple 103a, embedded temperature compensation algorithm module 103b;

[0033] Door and window installation opening 2;

[0034] Dynamic sealing detection module 200, lidar array 200a, differential pressure sensor

[0035] 200 yuan;

[0036] Observation window 3;

[0037] High-temperature resistant glass layer 300, infrared filter layer 301, explosion-proof metal mesh layer 302. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0039] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional descriptions, such as the terms "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," indicate the directional or positional relationship based on the directional or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. If "first" or "second" is used in the description, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0041] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] Reference Figs. 1-2A fireproof door and window smoke leakage detection device includes a combustion chamber 1, a door / window mounting opening 2 on one side of the combustion chamber 1, and an observation window 3. The combustion chamber 1 is also called a furnace body or box. The combustion chamber 1 adopts a composite structure, which includes a laminated combination of a silicon carbide ceramic liner 100 and an aerogel insulation layer 101. The door / window mounting opening 2 integrates a dynamic sealing detection module 200, which includes a ring-shaped laser radar array 200a and symmetrically arranged differential pressure sensing units 200b. The inner surface of the silicon carbide ceramic liner 100 is provided with a spirally distributed laser microgroove array 100. a. The spiral angle of the laser microgroove array 100a is 30°-45°, and the bottom of the groove has a rounded transition structure with a radius of R = 0.05-0.1mm; the groove depth of the laser microgroove array 100a is 0.2-0.5mm, the groove width is 0.1-0.3mm, and the groove spacing is 5-8mm; the observation window 3 adopts a three-layer composite structure, including: a high-temperature resistant glass layer 300 with a thickness of 8-10mm and a light transmittance ≥90%; an infrared filter layer 301 with a cutoff wavelength of 780nm; and an explosion-proof metal mesh layer 302 with a mesh density of 100-120 mesh.

[0043] This fireproof door and window smoke leakage detection device simulates a high-temperature fire environment through a combustion chamber 1 (silicon carbide ceramic lining 100 + aerogel insulation layer 101). It utilizes a laser microgroove array 100a (helix angle 30°-45°) to guide smoke flow and enhance detection sensitivity. The dynamic seal detection module 200 consists of a ring-shaped laser radar array 200a (resolution ≤0.1mm) and a symmetrical differential pressure sensing unit 200b (response time ≤10ms), capturing the smoke leakage location and differential pressure changes at the door / window mounting opening 2 in real time. An observation window 3 (high-temperature resistant glass layer 300 + infrared filter layer 301 + explosion-proof metal mesh layer 302) ensures safe observation at high temperatures. The achieved technical effects are: (1) High-precision detection: The combination of lidar and differential pressure sensing can identify smoke leakage gaps as small as 0.1 mm; (2) High temperature resistance and stability: The composite structure of silicon carbide ceramic and aerogel (thermal conductivity ≤15W / (m·K)) can withstand high temperatures of 1200℃; (3) Safety and reliability: The three-layer observation window structure is explosion-proof and filters light, ensuring personnel safety. It is applicable to the sealing performance certification of fireproof doors and windows.

[0044] In some embodiments, the thickness of the silicon carbide ceramic liner 100 is 8-12 mm, and the thermal conductivity is ≤15 W / (m·K); the aerogel insulation layer 101 is composed of a silica aerogel matrix 101a and a carbon fiber reinforced mesh 101b, with the carbon fiber accounting for 5%-8% by mass, having a pore size distribution of 10-50 nm, and a bulk density ≤150 kg / m³. 3 The aerogel insulation layer 101 is connected to the silicon carbide ceramic liner 100 by a high-temperature resistant adhesive 102.

[0045] This technical solution uses an 8-12mm silicon carbide ceramic liner 100 (low thermal conductivity ≤15W / (m·K)) to block high-temperature heat conduction, while combining it with a nano-scale aerogel insulation layer 101 (silica matrix 101a + 5%-8% carbon fiber reinforced mesh 101b) with extremely low bulk density (≤150kg / m³). 3 The 10-50nm microporous structure effectively suppresses thermal radiation and convective heat transfer. The high-temperature resistant adhesive 102 ensures that the two layers of materials are tightly bonded at high temperatures, and synergistically achieves: (1) thermal management: the ceramic layer dissipates heat quickly, and the aerogel layer blocks residual heat penetration; (2) structural reinforcement: the carbon fiber mesh improves the compressive strength of the aerogel and prevents high-temperature deformation; (3) lightweight and durable: the nanoporous structure maintains long-term thermal insulation performance at low density.

[0046] In some embodiments, the lidar array 200a includes 8-12 groups of 905nm wavelength laser emitting units, with a scanning frequency of 1kHz±10% and a scanning angle coverage of ±60°; the field of view overlap rate of adjacent laser emitting units is ≥30%, and the detection resolution is ≤0.1mm.

[0047] The 200a lidar array achieves high-precision smoke leakage detection through the coordinated operation of 8-12 groups of 905nm laser emitting units (scanning frequency 1kHz±10%): (1) Wide-area coverage: ±60° scanning angle combined with ≥30% field-of-view overlap ensures monitoring without blind spots; (2) High-sensitivity detection: ≤0.1mm resolution can capture the scattering signals of trace smoke particles; (3) Dynamic response: kilohertz-level scanning frequency tracks the smoke diffusion path in real time. Working principle: The laser beam scans the gaps in doors and windows, and accurately locates the location and amount of smoke leakage by using the time difference and intensity change of the reflected signal.

[0048] In some embodiments, the differential pressure sensing unit 200b is symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the door and window mounting opening 2, with a range of ±1000Pa and a response time of ≤10ms; it includes a differential pressure diaphragm, a temperature compensation module and a signal conditioning module, with a temperature compensation range of -20℃ to 150℃.

[0049] The differential pressure sensing unit 200b monitors the pressure difference in real time (range ±1000Pa) through differential pressure diaphragms symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the door and window mounting opening 2. Its core working principle is as follows:

[0050] (1) Fast response (≤10ms): The differential pressure diaphragm converts pressure changes into electrical signals, which are then amplified and filtered by the signal conditioning module; (2) Environmental adaptability: The temperature compensation module automatically corrects thermal drift errors within the range of -20℃ to 150℃; (3) Precise positioning: By comparing the differential pressure data at the upper and lower ends, the location of smoke leakage and the direction of seal failure can be determined.

[0051] In some embodiments, a temperature compensation module 103 is also included, comprising four sets of K-type thermocouples 103a arranged on the surface of the silicon carbide ceramic liner 100, with a detection range of 0-1200℃; and an embedded temperature compensation algorithm module 103b, which uses the least squares method to fit the temperature-pressure difference correction curve. The temperature compensation module 103 monitors the surface temperature (0-1200℃) of the silicon carbide ceramic liner 100 in real time through the four sets of K-type thermocouples 103a, and achieves accurate compensation in combination with the embedded algorithm module 103b: (1) Data acquisition: multi-point temperature measurement of the thermocouple array to eliminate local thermal unevenness error; (2) Dynamic correction: least squares method fitting of the temperature-pressure difference curve to automatically correct sensor drift caused by high temperature; (3) System linkage: compensation data is fed back to the pressure difference sensing unit 200b in real time to ensure that the smoke leakage detection result is not affected by temperature.

[0052] This application simulates a fire environment in a combustion chamber 1, and combines a dynamic sealing detection module 200 (laser radar array 200a, differential pressure sensing unit 200b) and a temperature compensation module 103 (K-type thermocouple 103a, embedded temperature compensation algorithm module 103b) to achieve high-precision smoke leakage detection and sealing performance evaluation. The specific process is as follows:

[0053] Insulation and high-temperature resistance design of combustion chamber 1:

[0054] The silicon carbide ceramic liner 100 (thermal conductivity ≤15W / (m·K)) and the aerogel insulation layer 101 (silica aerogel matrix 101a + carbon fiber reinforced mesh 101b) form a composite structure, which is fixed by a high-temperature resistant adhesive 102 to ensure the structural stability of the combustion chamber at high temperatures.

[0055] The laser microgroove array 100a (helix angle 30°-45°) guides the flow of flue gas through helically distributed microgrooves, enhancing the ability of the lidar array 200a to capture the scattered signals of flue gas.

[0056] Collaborative operation of the dynamic seal detection module 200:

[0057] A 200a lidar array (905nm wavelength, 1kHz scanning frequency) is used to scan the door and window mounting opening 2 in a ring. With a field-of-view overlap rate of ≥30%, the displacement of flue gas particles is detected (resolution ≤0.1mm).

[0058] Differential pressure sensing unit 200b (range ±1000Pa) is symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the door and window installation opening 2 to monitor the changes in internal and external pressure difference in real time, and combined with temperature compensation module 103 to correct environmental interference.

[0059] Multifunctional monitoring in observation window 3:

[0060] The high-temperature resistant glass layer 300 (transmittance ≥90%) and the infrared filter layer 301 (cutoff wavelength 780nm) filter strong light from the fire, while the explosion-proof metal mesh layer 302 (100-120 mesh) prevents the glass from shattering and ensures the safety of observation.

[0061] Temperature compensation and data correction:

[0062] The K-type thermocouple 103a (detection range 0-1200℃) collects the surface temperature of combustion chamber 1. The embedded temperature compensation algorithm module 103b fits the pressure difference-temperature curve using the least squares method to eliminate the error of thermal expansion in the seal detection.

[0063] The technical problem solved by this application is:

[0064] (1) Detection stability under high temperature environment: Traditional sensors are prone to failure under high temperature in fire, while the combination of silicon carbide ceramic liner 100 and aerogel insulation layer 101 (low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance) ensures the long-term operation of the device at 1200℃.

[0065] (2) Precise identification of minute smoke leakage: The spiral structure of the laser microgroove array 100a enhances the smoke scattering signal. Combined with the high resolution (≤0.1mm) of the lidar array 200a and the fast response (≤10ms) of the differential pressure sensing unit 200b, smoke leakage in gaps of 0.1mm level can be detected.

[0066] (3) Suppression of interference from complex environment: The temperature compensation module 103 dynamically corrects the interference of temperature fluctuation on the differential pressure data through multiple sets of thermocouples 103a and algorithm module 103b, so as to avoid misjudgment.

[0067] (4) Observation safety and data reliability: The three-layer composite structure of the observation window 3 (high temperature resistance, explosion-proof, and light filtering) ensures visual monitoring in fire environments, while avoiding strong light or glass breakage from interfering with the detection process.

[0068] This application solves the core problems of insufficient accuracy and large environmental interference in high-temperature smoke leakage detection through material innovation (silicon carbide ceramic liner 100, aerogel insulation layer 101), multi-sensor fusion (LiDAR 200a + differential pressure sensor 200b) and intelligent compensation algorithm (temperature compensation module 103), and is suitable for sealing performance testing of products such as fire doors and fireproof windows.

[0069] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fire door and window smoke leakage detection device, comprising a combustion chamber, a door and window mounting opening formed on one side of the combustion chamber, and an observation window, characterized in that: The combustion chamber adopts a composite structure comprising a laminated combination of a silicon carbide ceramic lining and an aerogel thermal insulation layer; a dynamic sealing detection module is integrated at the door and window installation opening, which comprises a ring-distributed laser radar array and a symmetrically arranged differential pressure sensing unit; the inner surface of the silicon carbide ceramic lining is provided with a spiral-distributed laser micro-slot array, the spiral angle of the laser micro-slot array is 30°-45°, the slot bottom is a circular arc transition structure, the circular arc radius R=0.05-0.1mm; the laser micro-slot array has a slot depth of 0.2-0.5mm, a slot width of 0.1-0.3mm, and a slot pitch of 5-8mm; the observation window adopts a three-layer composite structure, comprising: a high-temperature-resistant glass layer with a thickness of 8-10mm and a light transmittance of ≥90%; an infrared filter layer with a cutoff wavelength of 780nm; and a blast-resistant metal mesh layer with a mesh density of 100-120mesh.

2. The fire door and window smoke leakage detection device of claim 1, wherein: The thickness of the silicon carbide ceramic lining is 8-12mm, and the thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 15W / (m*K); the aerogel thermal insulation layer is composed of a silicon dioxide aerogel matrix and a carbon fiber reinforced net, the mass percentage of carbon fiber is 5%-8%, the pore size distribution is 10-50nm, and the bulk density is less than or equal to 150kg / m 3 ; the aerogel thermal insulation layer and the silicon carbide ceramic lining are connected by a high-temperature resistant adhesive.

3. The fire door and window smoke leakage detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The laser radar array comprises 8-12 groups of 905nm wavelength laser emitting units, with a scanning frequency of 1kHz±10% and a scanning angle coverage of ±60°; the field of view angle overlap rate of adjacent laser emitting units is ≥30%, and the detection resolution is ≤0.1mm.

4. The fire door and window smoke leakage detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The differential pressure sensing unit is symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of the door and window installation opening, with a range of ±1000Pa and a response time of ≤10ms; it comprises a differential pressure diaphragm, a temperature compensation module and a signal conditioning module, and the temperature compensation range is -20℃ to 150℃.

5. The fire door and window smoke leakage detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also comprises a temperature compensation module, including 4 groups of K-type thermocouples arranged on the surface of the silicon carbide ceramic lining, with a detection range of 0-1200℃; an embedded temperature compensation algorithm module adopts a least squares method to fit the temperature-differential pressure correction curve.

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