Broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna and complete machine structure

Abstract

The broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna comprises an E-plane feeder line, an H-plane feeder line and a plurality of radiation holes, the output end of the E-plane feeder line is connected with the midpoint of one side of the H-plane feeder line through an E-plane to H-plane conversion structure, the plurality of radiation holes are arranged on the upper side of the H-plane feeder line, and the lower ends of the radiation holes are communicated with the upper side surface of the H-plane feeder line. A metal disturbance block is arranged on one side, corresponding to each radiation hole, in the H-plane feeder line, and the metal disturbance blocks of every two adjacent radiation holes are located on the different sides of the radiation holes respectively. The high-gain array antenna is simple in structure, stable in performance and low in cost, and powerful technical support is provided for application of E-band vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radars.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to a waveguide antenna and whole machine structure, in particular to a wideband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antenna and whole machine structure, belong to antenna technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of intelligent driving and automatic driving assistant system (ADAS), the demand for millimeter wave radar antennas has significantly increased. However, the performance of millimeter wave radar is largely dependent on the performance of the antenna, and traditional metal waveguide antennas have certain limitations in terms of manufacturing cost, processing complexity, and loss of high-frequency signals.

[0003] In recent years, with the increasing demand for vehicle antenna technology in the automotive industry, millimeter wave vehicle antennas have gradually adopted waveguide antennas made of plastic metallization manufacturing process. This process can achieve high precision and complex structure manufacturing while significantly reducing production cost by injection molding plastic matrix and surface metallization. Compared with traditional metal processing technology, plastic metallization process not only has cost advantage, but also better meets the requirements of E-band frequency band for high precision and low loss, providing important technical support for the wide application of millimeter wave antennas.

[0004] At the same time, with the continuous progress of chip technology, chip manufacturers have gradually introduced chip designs based on satellite architecture. This architecture not only improves signal processing capability, but also allows more flexible antenna array layout. The introduction of satellite architecture chip provides new possibilities for antenna design and manufacturing, but also poses higher challenges to antenna wideband performance and cost control.

[0005] Under the background of rapid development of intelligent driving, the application scenarios of millimeter wave radar are expanding, and the demand for antenna technology is also increasing. In order to meet the high performance requirements of intelligent driving for millimeter wave radar, while reducing the manufacturing cost and complexity of antenna, an antenna is needed to realize wideband, low loss, simple structure, and significantly reduce the manufacturing cost, meet the application of millimeter wave radar in intelligent driving field. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a wideband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antenna and whole machine structure, which improves the electric field distribution around the radiation hole and avoids asymmetric distribution of radiation energy.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] The application discloses a broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antenna, which comprises an E-plane feed line, an H-plane feed line and a plurality of radiation holes, the output end of the E-plane feed line is connected with the midpoint of one side of the H-plane feed line through an E-plane-to-H-plane conversion structure, the plurality of radiation holes are arranged on the upper side of the H-plane feed line and the lower ends of the radiation holes are communicated with the upper side of the H-plane feed line, one metal perturbation block is arranged on one side of the H-plane feed line corresponding to each radiation hole, and the metal perturbation blocks of two adjacent radiation holes are located on different sides of the radiation holes.

[0009] Further, the height of the metal perturbation block is half of the height of the H-plane feed line.

[0010] Further, the length of the radiation hole is half of the working wavelength of the antenna, the length of the metal perturbation block is greater than half of the length of the radiation hole and less than the length of the radiation hole, the side surface of the side of the metal perturbation block close to the radiation hole is located in the same plane as the side surface of the side of the radiation hole close to the metal perturbation block, and the side surface of the side of the metal perturbation block away from the radiation hole is coincident with the side surface of the H-plane feed line.

[0011] Further, the plurality of radiation holes are divided into two groups, and the two groups of radiation holes are symmetrically distributed on the upper side of the H-plane feed line along the midpoint connecting line of the two long sides of the H-plane feed line.

[0012] Further, the application further comprises a resonance groove, the resonance groove is arranged on the upper side of the plurality of radiation holes and the lower side of the resonance groove is communicated with the upper ends of the plurality of radiation holes, and the two ends of the resonance groove gradually expand outward in the direction away from the radiation holes to form a long strip-shaped horn mouth.

[0013] Further, the radiation hole is a horn hole, and the periphery of the horn hole gradually expands outward in the direction away from the H-plane feed line.

[0014] Further, one metal resonance block is arranged on each side of the resonance groove corresponding to each radiation hole, and the two metal resonance blocks are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the radiation hole, the height of the metal resonance block is equal to the height of the resonance groove, the length of the metal resonance block is one fourth of the working wavelength of the antenna, the side surface of the side of the metal resonance block close to the radiation hole is located in the same plane as the side surface of the side of the radiation hole close to the metal resonance block, and the side of the metal resonance block away from the radiation hole is coincident with the side surface of the resonance groove.

[0015] Further, one choke groove is arranged on each side of the resonance groove.

[0016] Further, the application comprises a first antenna layer and a second antenna layer, the lower side of the E-plane feed line is arranged on the upper side of the first antenna layer, the upper side of the E-plane feed line, the E-plane-to-H-plane conversion structure and the H-plane feed line are arranged on the lower side of the second antenna layer, the resonance groove and the choke groove are arranged on the upper side of the second antenna layer, and the plurality of radiation holes are arranged on an intermediate layer between the H-plane feed line and the resonance groove of the second antenna layer.

[0017] The broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna complete machine structure comprises sixteen broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antennas, and the input ends of the E-plane feed lines of the sixteen broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antennas are connected with a LOP interface, wherein eight broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antennas are used as a sending end, and the other eight broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antennas are used as a receiving end.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and effects:

[0019] 1、The utility model discloses a kind of antenna, which does not use the form of traditional offset slot, by loading metal disturbance block below radiating hole, the electric field distribution around radiating hole is changed, so as to radiate, this design is simple to process, and avoid the problem that the radiation energy is asymmetrically distributed in space caused by offset slot, thereby avoiding the production of side lobe in non-main lobe direction (i.e. large angle direction) ;

[0020] 2、The utility model discloses that resonance groove is increased on the upside of radiating hole, introduces additional resonance point, expands the working bandwidth of antenna, metal resonance block is symmetrically arranged on the both sides of resonance groove, metal resonance block can cause standing wave resonance frequency shift, increase the effect of resonance groove, so as to further expand the working bandwidth of antenna;

[0021] 3、The antenna of the utility model only needs two layers of structure, greatly simplifies the structure of antenna, and the reduction of layer number reduces the processing difficulty and assembly cost, and also improves the yield and consistency of product, in E wave band frequency band, since wavelength is short, slight error in multilayer structure can be amplified, the utility model reduces the number of antenna layers, effectively avoids the problem that error is amplified.

[0022] In summary, the utility model realizes simple structure, stable performance, low cost high gain array antenna, and provides strong technical support for the application of E wave band vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna of the utility model.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a reverse drawing schematic diagram of a broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna of the utility model.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a lower side schematic diagram of the second antenna layer of the utility model.

[0026] Figure 4 It is an upper side schematic diagram of the second antenna layer of the utility model.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna complete machine structure of the utility model.

[0028] Figure 6 is a simulation result diagram of a pattern of a broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna.

[0029] Figure 7 is a simulation result diagram of S11 parameters of a broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to describe the technical solutions adopted by the utility model in detail and achieve the predetermined technical purpose, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the utility model, not all the embodiments, and the technical means or technical features in the embodiments of the utility model can be replaced without creative labor. The utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0031] As shown in Figure 1 , the utility model relates to a broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna, which comprises a first antenna layer 1 and a second antenna layer 2.

[0032] As shown in Figure 2 , 3 , 4, the utility model relates to a broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna, which comprises an E-plane feed line 3, an H-plane feed line 4 and a plurality of radiation holes 5. The output end of the E-plane feed line 3 is connected to the midpoint of one side of the H-plane feed line 4 through an E-plane to H-plane conversion structure 6. The utility model adopts a middle feed structure, and the energy is symmetrical left and right along the center position of the H-plane feed line, and the amplitudes are the same. The plurality of radiation holes 5 are arranged on the upper side of the H-plane feed line 4, and the lower end of the radiation hole 5 is in communication with the upper side of the H-plane feed line 4. One metal perturbation block 7 is arranged on one side of the H-plane feed line 4 corresponding to each radiation hole 5. The metal perturbation blocks 7 of the adjacent two radiation holes 5 are located on different sides of the radiation holes 5.

[0033] The midpoint of the long side of the side of the H-plane feed line 4 away from the E-plane feed line is provided with a power division matching structure 8, which divides the signal fed by the E-plane feed line into two paths and symmetrically propagates to the two ends of the H-plane feed line 4.

[0034] The plurality of radiation holes 5 are divided into two groups, and the two groups of radiation holes 5 are symmetrically distributed on the upper side of the H-plane feed line 4 along the midpoint line of the long sides of the two sides of the H-plane feed line 4. The metal perturbation blocks 7 are also divided into two groups and symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the H-plane feed line 4. Therefore, the metal perturbation blocks 7 of the two radiation holes 5 close to the power division matching structure 8 are located on the same side of the H-plane feed line 4, and then start from the center of the power division matching structure 8 to both sides, the metal perturbation blocks 7 of the adjacent two radiation holes 5 are located on different sides of the radiation holes 5, that is, they are alternately arranged on the two sides of the H-plane feed line 4.

[0035] The height of the metal perturbation block 7 is about half of the height of the H-plane feed line 4. By fine-tuning the height of the metal perturbation block 7 at about the height of the H-plane feed line 4, the radiation energy amplitude is maximized, and the radiation energy amplitude is reduced by being too high or too low. By this point, the amplitude distribution of the antenna unit can also be adjusted to achieve the effect of low sidelobe.

[0036] The length of the radiation hole 5 is half of the antenna operating wavelength, which is the resonant size. The length of the metal perturbation block 7 is greater than half of the length of the radiation hole 5 and less than the length of the radiation hole 5. The side surface of the metal perturbation block 7 close to the radiation hole 5 is in the same plane as the side surface of the radiation hole 5 close to the metal perturbation block 7. The side surface of the metal perturbation block 7 away from the radiation hole 5 coincides with the side surface of the H-plane feed line 4. When the metal perturbation block 7 is close to the radiation hole, the radiation energy amplitude is maximized, and the farther away from the radiation hole, the radiation energy amplitude gradually decreases.

[0037] The broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antenna also comprises a resonant groove 9, which is arranged on the upper side of the plurality of radiation holes 5 and the lower side of the resonant groove 9 is in communication with the upper end of the plurality of radiation holes 5. The two ends of the resonant groove 9 gradually expand outward in the direction away from the radiation hole 5 to form a long strip-shaped horn mouth.

[0038] The radiation hole 5 is a horn hole, and the horn hole gradually expands outward in the direction away from the H-plane feed line 4.

[0039] A metal resonant block 10 is arranged on each side of the resonant groove 9 corresponding to each radiation hole 5. The two metal resonant blocks 10 are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the radiation hole 5. The height of the metal resonant block 10 is equal to the height of the resonant groove 9. The length of the metal resonant block 10 is one quarter of the antenna operating wavelength. By adjusting the length, the standing wave resonance frequency will shift. The side surface of the metal resonant block 10 close to the radiation hole 5 is in the same plane as the side surface of the radiation hole 5 close to the metal resonant block 10. The side of the metal resonant block 10 away from the radiation hole 5 coincides with the side surface of the resonant groove 9.

[0040] A choke groove 11 is arranged on each side of the resonant groove 9 to narrow the beam and improve the antenna gain.

[0041] The lower side of the E-plane feed line 3 is arranged on the upper side of the first antenna layer 1. The upper side of the E-plane feed line 3, the E-plane to H-plane conversion structure 6 and the H-plane feed line 4 are arranged on the lower side of the second antenna layer 2. The resonant groove 9 and the choke groove 11 are arranged on the upper side of the second antenna layer 2. The plurality of radiation holes 5 are arranged on the intermediate layer between the H-plane feed line 4 and the resonant groove 9 of the second antenna layer 2.

[0042] As Figure 5As shown, a kind of broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antenna complete machine structure includes sixteen broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antennas, the input end of the E face feeder line of sixteen broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antennas is connected with LOP interface, eight broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antennas are used as sending end, and eight broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antennas are used as receiving end.The utility model discloses a kind of 8T8R high-performance waveguide antennas in combination with the latest satellite architecture chip, can make millimeter wave radar realize higher angle resolution, provide high-density point cloud distribution, realize more accurate target resolution.

[0043] As Figure 6 As shown, it is the simulation result diagram of the pattern of the broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antenna of the utility model, the peak gain in 76-79GHz frequency band is 14.8-15dBi, the sidelobe level is less than-25dB, the pattern frequency stability is good, and the beam width changes little with frequency. Figure 7 As shown, it is the S11 parameter simulation result schematic diagram of the broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antenna of the utility model, and the bandwidth of standing wave less than-10dB is 73-85GHz, and this kind of broadband antenna design meets the needs of antenna standing wave on the market.

[0044] The utility model does not adopt the form of traditional bias slot, changes the electric field distribution around the radiation hole by loading metal disturbance block below the radiation hole, and thus radiates, the design is simple to process, and the problem of asymmetric distribution of radiation energy in space caused by bias slot is avoided, and then the sidelobe in non-main lobe direction (i.e. large angle direction) is avoided;The utility model increases resonant groove on the upside of the radiation hole, introduces additional resonance point, expands the working bandwidth of the antenna, metal resonance block is symmetrically arranged on the both sides of resonant groove, metal resonance block can cause standing wave resonance frequency shift, increase the effect of resonant groove, to further expand the working bandwidth of the antenna;The antenna of the utility model only needs two layers of structure, greatly simplifies the structure of the antenna, and the reduction of layer number reduces the processing difficulty and assembly cost, and also improves the yield and consistency of product, in E waveband frequency band, since wavelength is short, small error in multilayer structure is amplified, the utility model reduces the number of antenna layers, effectively avoids the problem that error is amplified.

[0045] In conclusion, the utility model realizes high-gain array antenna with simple structure, stable performance and low cost, and provides strong technical support for the application of E waveband vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar.

[0046] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been described as above with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the disclosed technical contents without departing from the technical solution of the present application, and the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes are also included. Any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement of the above embodiments within the technical solution of the present application and the spirit and principles of the present application are also included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A broadband millimeter wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna, characterized in that: The E-plane feed line, the H-plane feed line and a plurality of radiation holes are included, the output end of the E-plane feed line is connected with the midpoint of one side of the H-plane feed line through an E-plane to H-plane conversion structure, the plurality of radiation holes are arranged on the upper side of the H-plane feed line and the lower end of the radiation hole is communicated with the upper side of the H-plane feed line, and one metal disturbance block is arranged on one side of the H-plane feed line corresponding to each radiation hole, and the metal disturbance blocks of adjacent two radiation holes are located on different sides of the radiation holes.

2. The broadband millimeter-wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the metal disturbance block is half of the height of the H-plane feed line.

3. The broadband millimeter-wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The length of the radiation hole is half of the working wavelength of the antenna, the length of the metal disturbance block is greater than half of the length of the radiation hole and less than the length of the radiation hole, the side surface of the side of the metal disturbance block close to the radiation hole is located in the same plane with the side surface of the side of the radiation hole close to the metal disturbance block, and the side surface of the side of the metal disturbance block away from the radiation hole is coincided with the side surface of the H-plane feed line.

4. The broadband millimeter-wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of radiation holes are divided into two groups and the two groups of radiation holes are symmetrically distributed on the upper side of the H-plane feed line along the connection line of the midpoints of the two long sides of the H-plane feed line.

5. The broadband millimeter-wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A resonance groove is further included, the resonance groove is arranged on the upper side of the plurality of radiation holes and the lower side of the resonance groove is communicated with the upper end of the plurality of radiation holes, and the two ends of the resonance groove gradually expand outward in the direction away from the radiation hole to form a long strip-shaped horn mouth.

6. The broadband millimeter-wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation hole is a horn hole and the periphery of the horn hole gradually expands outward in the direction away from the H-plane feed line.

7. The broadband millimeter-wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: Two metal resonance blocks are arranged on the two sides of the resonance groove corresponding to each radiation hole, the two metal resonance blocks are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the radiation hole, the height of the metal resonance block is equal to the height of the resonance groove, the length of the metal resonance block is one fourth of the working wavelength of the antenna, the side surface of the side of the metal resonance block close to the radiation hole is located in the same plane with the side surface of the side of the radiation hole close to the metal resonance block, and the side of the metal resonance block away from the radiation hole is coincided with the side surface of the resonance groove.

8. The broadband millimeter-wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: One choke groove is arranged on each side of the resonance groove.

9. The broadband millimeter-wave vehicle-mounted waveguide antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first antenna layer and the second antenna layer are included, the lower side of the E-plane feed line is arranged on the upper side of the first antenna layer, the upper side of the E-plane feed line, the E-plane to H-plane conversion structure and the H-plane feed line are arranged on the lower side of the second antenna layer, the resonance groove and the choke groove are arranged on the upper side of the second antenna layer, and the plurality of radiation holes are arranged on the intermediate layer between the H-plane feed line and the resonance groove of the second antenna layer. 10.A broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antenna structure, characterized in that: Sixteen broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antennas according to any one of claims 1-9 are included, the input ends of the E-plane feed lines of the sixteen broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antennas are connected with the LOP interface, eight broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antennas are used as the sending end, and the other eight broadband millimeter wave vehicle waveguide antennas are used as the receiving end.

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