Internal component and axial-radial reactor comprising same
By designing the diversion and collection channels in the internal components, combined with the plate slot structure, the problems of uneven fluid distribution and catalyst sedimentation in traditional axial-radial reactors are solved, achieving uniform fluid distribution and efficient reaction throughout the entire catalyst life cycle.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG SUNWAY PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
Traditional axial-radial reactors suffer from problems such as uneven fluid distribution, fluid deviation, localized high temperature, catalyst pulverization and settling in large-scale applications, which affect catalyst activity and reaction efficiency.
The internal component design, including diversion channels, collection channels and plate slot structure, ensures uniform fluid distribution, avoids fluid deviation and short circuit, ensures uniform temperature in the catalyst area, and extends the service life of the catalyst.
This achieves uniform fluid distribution, full catalyst reaction, improved reactor volume utilization, stable process parameters, and extended catalyst life.
Smart Images
Figure CN224127230U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical reaction technology, specifically to an internal component and an axial-radial reactor containing it. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional axial reactors in chemical reactions suffer from large bed pressure drops, difficulty in controlling reaction temperature and pressure, and a tendency for backmixing. They also have drawbacks such as limited bed height and low reaction efficiency. Traditional radial reactors, on the other hand, overcome these disadvantages by offering a large flow cross-sectional area, low flow velocity, and short flow channels, resulting in significantly lower pressure drops. Their main drawbacks are uneven bed temperature distribution, poor heat transfer performance, and complex structure. The axial-radial reactor combines the advantages of both axial and radial reactors and has been successfully applied to various chemical reactions. In the axial reactor, the bed is at the top, with an axial seal at the top. The reactant gas flows axially from top to bottom through the bed, forming an axial bed that ensures uniform gas distribution and rapid reaction. In the radial reactor, the reactant gas flows radially from the outside to the inside through the bed, maximizing catalyst activity and maintaining a low pressure drop.
[0003] With the rapid development of my country's coal chemical industry and the successive deployment of large-scale coal chemical plants, the large-scale application of axial-radial reactors has also brought about various problems. Uneven fluid flow leads to fluid deviation, causing localized high temperatures during high-temperature exothermic reactions, which affects catalyst activity. As the catalyst's life cycle changes within the reactor, pulverization and settling occur in the later stages of production, resulting in a shorter axial bed and incomplete reaction of some axial fluid, impacting process parameters. With the increasingly significant trend towards larger-scale traditional axial-radial reactors, there is an urgent need for technological improvements to their structural design. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the technical problems existing in the background art, this utility model provides an internal component and an axial-radial reactor containing it, which can make the fluid distribution uniform, avoid fluid deviation and short-circuiting, enable the fluid to fully react with the catalyst, and ensure uniform temperature distribution in each catalyst reaction zone, avoiding local high temperature and effectively extending the service life of the catalyst.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is:
[0006] An internal component, comprising:
[0007] Equipment cylinder;
[0008] The diversion channel is coaxially arranged inside the equipment cylinder;
[0009] An annular gap is provided between the flow channel and the equipment body;
[0010] The collecting channel is coaxially arranged inside the dividing channel, and the lower end of the collecting channel opens out of the equipment cylinder.
[0011] The catalytic reaction zone is located between the branch flow channel and the collection flow channel, and is filled with catalyst.
[0012] Furthermore, the flow channel is provided with a non-perforated area, a perforated area, and an inner end cap at the lower end of the flow channel from top to bottom.
[0013] Furthermore, the upper end of the diversion channel is open and equipped with a grid cover.
[0014] Furthermore, the upper end of the diversion channel is filled with ceramic balls, which are located on the lower side of the grid cover.
[0015] Furthermore, the upper end of the flow collecting channel is provided with an axial sealing zone, and the side wall of the flow collecting channel is provided with an opening zone.
[0016] Furthermore, the diversion channel and the collection channel are provided with a plate slot structure, which includes:
[0017] wall;
[0018] Raised strips are protruding sections that are formed on the wall surface.
[0019] A gap is created between the wall surface and the raised strip;
[0020] Connecting arms, located at both ends of the convex strip, connect the convex strip to the wall surface.
[0021] Furthermore, the panel seam structure is formed by sheet metal stamping and is arranged at equal intervals.
[0022] Furthermore, teardrop-shaped openings are provided at the lower end of the diversion channel and the lower end of the equipment cylinder.
[0023] An axial-radial reactor, comprising internal components.
[0024] Furthermore, a lower end cap is provided at the lower end of the equipment cylinder, and a fluid inlet is provided at the lower end of the lower end cap.
[0025] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0026] (1) Fluid enters the equipment from the lower opening of the equipment cylinder. After pre-distribution in the annular gap, 10% of the fluid flows axially from the upper end of the distribution channel, passing through the grid cover and ceramic balls, and enters the axial sealing zone to react under the action of the catalyst. After the reaction, the fluid flows into the collection channel. 90% of the fluid flows radially into the distribution channel, enters the catalytic reaction zone, and reacts under the action of the catalyst. After the reaction, the fluid flows into the collection channel. The axial and radial fluids after the reaction flow out of the reactor together from the collection channel. All the catalyst in the reactor participates in the conversion reaction, and the volume occupied by the catalyst is the effective volume, improving the effective volume utilization rate of the reactor.
[0027] (2) The flow distribution channel and the flow collection channel adopt a plate slot structure to ensure that the fluid passes through the catalyst bed uniformly and reacts completely when in contact with the catalyst, avoiding fluid deviation and short circuit, and ensuring process parameters. The axial-radial reaction equipment has a wide range of process adaptability and can meet the operating requirements under different water-to-gas ratio conditions. The conversion reaction is stable, the bed temperature is uniform, the catalyst has a high effective utilization rate, and the service life is long. Attached Figure Description
[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;
[0030] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the plate joint structure;
[0031] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the board seams;
[0032] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the plate joint structure.
[0033] In the picture:
[0034] 1. Equipment body; 2. Diverting channel; 3. Collecting channel; 4. Annular gap; 5. Catalytic reaction zone; 6. Wall; 7. Protrusion; 8. Gap; 9. Connecting arm;
[0035] 1-1. Fluid inlet; 1-2. Lower head of the equipment;
[0036] 2-1. Grille cover; 2-2. Non-perforated area of the diversion channel; 2-3. Perforated area of the diversion channel; 2-4. Inner end cap of the lower end of the diversion channel;
[0037] 3-1. Axial sealing zone at the upper end of the flow collection channel; 3-2. Opening zone of the flow collection channel; 3-3. Teardrop. Detailed Implementation
[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0039] An internal component includes a device cylinder 1. A diversion channel 2 is coaxially disposed inside the device cylinder 1. An annular gap 4 is disposed between the side of the diversion channel 2 and the device cylinder 1. The design of the annular gap 4 ensures that all fluid flows in. After passing through the annular gap 4, the fluid is divided into axial flow and radial flow. Approximately 10% of the fluid flows through the axial sealing zone and reacts along the axial path, while the remaining 90% of the fluid enters the radial zone and reacts along the radial path. A collection channel 3 is coaxially disposed inside the diversion channel 2, with its lower end opening out of the device cylinder 1. A catalytic reaction zone 5 is disposed within the area enclosed by the diversion channel 2 and the collection channel 3, and is filled with a catalyst. The diversion channel 2 is open at the top and side, and closed at the bottom. The collection channel 3 is closed at the top, open at the side, and open at the bottom. The diversion channel 2 and the collection channel 3 are coaxial with the device cylinder 1.
[0040] The catalyst is packed in the area enclosed by the split channel 2 and the collecting channel 3; the internal components are the flow channel structure of the split channel 2 and the collecting channel 3 and the path of the fluid flow through the reaction equipment. The fluid enters the axial-radial reactor from the fluid inlet, first passes through the annular gap 4 for pre-distribution, then flows through the split channel 2 for uniform distribution, and enters the catalytic reaction zone 5 from the upper end and both ends of the split channel 2. Under the action of the catalyst, the catalytic reaction takes place. After the reaction, the fluid flows into the collecting channel 3 through both sides for uniform distribution, and finally flows out of the reactor from the lower end of the collecting channel 3.
[0041] The flow channel 2 is provided from top to bottom as follows: a non-perforated area 2-2, a perforated area 2-3, and an inner end cap 2-4 at the lower end of the flow channel. The non-perforated area 2-2 is filled with ceramic balls and catalyst. The perforated area 2-3 is filled with catalyst.
[0042] The upper part of the side of the diversion channel 2 is closed off within a certain area, while a uniform fluid channel is set in the lower area where the catalyst is loaded. The closed upper area reserves space for catalyst settling in the later stages of production, preventing the axial bed from shortening after catalyst settling and causing short-circuiting in the axial reaction, which would affect process parameters. The diversion channel 2 adopts a plate-slot structure to contain the catalyst within the diversion channel 2. The size and form of the plate-slot channel can be adjusted according to different specifications and types of catalysts. This ensures uniform fluid distribution, with the fluid flowing radially and evenly through the diversion channel 2 and entering the catalytic reaction zone 5. Compared to the traditional structure of round holes and wire mesh, the structure is more reasonable and simpler, preventing catalyst overflow from the diversion channel 2 and effectively reducing pressure drop.
[0043] The upper end of the diversion channel 2 is open and equipped with a grid cover plate 2-1. The grid cover plate 2-1 is assembled from multiple fan-shaped blocks, which blocks the catalyst and ceramic balls, preventing the catalyst or ceramic balls from overflowing from the upper end, while ensuring uniform fluid distribution. The fluid is then uniformly distributed in the axial bed to form a near-plug flow. The fluid flows axially uniformly through the grid cover plate 2-1 and the ceramic balls, entering the catalytic reaction zone 5. The grid cover plate 2-1 is assembled from multiple fan-shaped blocks, and the ceramic balls press down on the catalyst. Under the dual action of the grid cover plate 2-1 and the ceramic balls, the catalyst is prevented from moving unevenly with the airflow.
[0044] The upper end of the diversion channel 2 is filled with ceramic balls, which are located below the grid cover plate 2-1. The area of the diversion channel 2 filled with ceramic balls is closed, and the area filled with catalyst is rationally arranged according to the axial and radial airflow field.
[0045] The side of the collecting channel 3 is equipped with uniform fluid channels, employing a plate-slot structure to keep the catalyst outside the collecting channel 3. The size and form of the plate-slot channel can be adjusted according to different specifications and types of catalysts to ensure uniform fluid distribution. After the catalytic reaction is completed, the fluid flows radially and uniformly through the collecting channel 3 and out of the reactor. Simultaneously, the catalyst of effective shape is fully retained inside the reactor, while the tiny fragments close to the reactor wall flow out, thus ensuring efficient gas flow distribution and reaction conversion throughout the entire life cycle of the catalyst.
[0046] The upper end of the collecting channel 3 is closed, and the upper region is the axial sealing zone 3-1 of the collecting channel. The side wall of the collecting channel 3 is provided with a collecting channel opening zone 3-2, which is filled with catalyst. After the fluid enters the reactor inlet and is pre-distributed through the annular gap 4, about 10% of the fluid flows through the axial sealing zone 3-1 of the collecting channel, and the remaining 90% of the fluid flows radially into the diversion channel 2. The upper end of the collecting channel 3 is closed, and the upper end consists of catalyst, ceramic balls, and grid cover plate 2-1 in sequence. This region is the axial sealing zone 3-1 of the collecting channel. The fluid in this region is axial fluid, and the fluid flows axially and uniformly through the grid cover plate 2-1, ceramic balls, and catalyst, flows through both sides of the collecting channel 3, and enters the collecting channel. The primary consideration is the inevitable shrinkage of the catalyst during operation, such as sedimentation. To prevent fluid backflow and short-circuiting, the axial sealing zone 3-1 at the upper end of the collector channel is set at a certain height. Considering the effects of catalyst sedimentation and axial sealing, the axial seal is not less than the bed thickness, and a ratio of 1.1 times the axial seal / radial bed path throughout the catalyst's life cycle is optimal. In the later stages of reactor operation, due to sedimentation and other factors, the axial seal height decreases. Since the axial path is not entirely a straight line, the fluid ultimately enters the collector channel 3 from the radial position. Therefore, the equivalent lengths of the final axial and radial paths are consistent, ensuring uniform flow and allowing all catalysts to participate in the reaction. The axial sealing zone 3-1 at the upper end of the collector channel is not less than the bed thickness, approximately 1.1 times the bed thickness, ensuring that the conversion efficiency is not affected by gas flow short-circuiting during the normal life cycle of the catalyst within the reactor. The upper axial sealing zone 3-1 of the collector channel is pressed down by ceramic balls and grid cover plate 2-1, with a sealing height of 2m, which is greater than the bed thickness of 1.85m; the outer side of the catalyst is the diversion channel 2, which is surrounded by a plate gap structure; the inner side of the catalyst is the collector channel 3, which is blocked by a plate gap structure.
[0047] The split channel 2 and the collecting channel 3 are equipped with a plate-slot structure, which is reasonable and simple. This structure encloses the catalyst within the catalytic reaction zone 5, preventing catalyst overflow from the split channel 2 and the collecting channel 3, and effectively reducing pressure drop. The plate-slot structure eliminates the need for pre-fabricated wire mesh. The width of the plate slots is adjusted synchronously according to the size of the catalyst particles, ensuring smooth airflow while preventing blockage by small fragments. This ensures a low pressure drop and a relatively uniform airflow distribution throughout the entire catalyst lifecycle.
[0048] The panel joint structure includes a wall surface 6. Raised strips 7 are formed on the wall surface 6. A gap 8 is formed between the wall surface 6 and the raised strips 7. Connecting arms 9 are located at both ends of the raised strips 7, connecting the raised strips 7 and the wall surface 6. The panel joint structure is formed by sheet metal stamping and is arranged at equal intervals.
[0049] The catalyst is packed within the area enclosed by the diversion channel 2 and the collection channel 3. The upper end of the catalyst is the axial sealing zone 3-1 at the upper end of the collection channel, held in place by ceramic balls and a grid cover plate 2-1. The outer side of the catalyst is the diversion channel 2, with a plate-slot structure and uniform distribution. The inner side of the catalyst is the collection channel 3, also with a plate-slot structure and uniform distribution. The bottom of the catalyst is the lower end inner head 2-4 of the diversion channel, supported within the lower head 1-2 of the equipment.
[0050] The lower end of the diversion channel 2 and the lower end of the equipment cylinder 1 are provided with teardrop-shaped openings 3-3. These effectively prevent residual moisture from remaining in the internal components and the equipment cylinder 1 during the overall hydrostatic test, and avoid residual liquid accumulation inside the equipment during operation and start-up / shutdown, allowing residual moisture and liquid to be discharged in a timely manner to avoid affecting the normal operation of the catalyst.
[0051] An axial-radial reactor includes internal components. A lower end cap 1-2 is located at the lower end of the reactor body 1, and a fluid inlet 1-1 is located at the lower end of the lower end cap 1-2. Fluid flows into the annular gap 4 from the fluid inlet 1-1, filling the reactor space and pre-distributing it before uniformly entering the diversion channel 2. The lower end of the collecting channel 3 is open, passes through the lower end cap 2-4 of the diversion channel and the lower end cap 1-2, and extends out of the reactor. This design completely isolates the high-temperature reaction zone of the catalyst from the reactor body 1, allowing the reactor body 1 to be designed as a low-temperature cold wall, reducing material requirements and equipment investment.
[0052] Specific usage instructions:
[0053] Fluid enters the reactor through the lower opening of the equipment cylinder. After pre-distribution through the annular gap 4, 10% of the fluid flows axially from the upper end of the diversion channel 2, passing through the grid cover plate 2-1 and ceramic balls, and enters the axial sealing zone 3-1 at the upper end of the collecting channel. There, it reacts under the action of the catalyst, and after the reaction, the fluid flows into the collecting channel 3. 90% of the fluid flows radially into the diversion channel 2, enters the catalyst bed, and reacts under the action of the catalyst. After the reaction, the fluid flows into the collecting channel 3, and finally, the axial and radial fluids flow out of the reactor together from the collecting channel 3. The reaction is complete. All the catalyst in the reactor participates in the shift reaction, and the volume occupied by the catalyst is the effective volume, improving the effective volume utilization rate of the reactor.
[0054] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of this utility model, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of this utility model. The technical scope of this utility model is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. An inner member characterized by, include: Equipment cylinder (1); The diversion channel (2) is coaxially arranged inside the equipment cylinder (1); An annular gap (4) is provided between the flow channel (2) and the equipment cylinder (1); The flow collection channel (3) is coaxially arranged inside the flow distribution channel (2), and the lower end of the flow collection channel (3) extends out of the equipment cylinder (1). The catalytic reaction zone (5) is located between the branch channel (2) and the collection channel (3), and the catalytic reaction zone (5) is filled with a catalyst.
2. The internal component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diversion channel (2) is provided with a non-perforated area (2-2), a perforated area (2-3), and an inner end cap (2-4) at the lower end of the diversion channel from top to bottom.
3. An internal component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the diversion channel (2) is open and is provided with a grid cover plate (2-1).
4. An internal component according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper end of the diversion channel (2) is filled with ceramic balls, which are located on the lower side of the grid cover plate (2-1).
5. An internal component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the flow collection channel (3) is provided with an axial sealing area (3-1), and the side wall of the flow collection channel (3) is provided with an opening area (3-2).
6. An internal component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diversion channel (2) and the collection channel (3) are provided with plate slot structures, the plate slot structures including: wall(6); The raised strip (7) is formed on the wall surface (6) in a raised shape; A gap (8) is formed between the wall surface (6) and the ridge (7); Connecting arms (9) are located at both ends of the protrusion (7) and connect the protrusion (7) and the wall (6).
7. An internal component according to claim 6, characterized in that, The seam structure is formed by sheet metal stamping and is arranged at equal intervals.
8. An internal component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the diversion channel (2) and the lower end of the equipment cylinder (1) are provided with teardrops (3-3).
9. An axial-radial reactor, characterized in that, Includes the internal components as described in any one of claims 1-8.
10. An axial-radial reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that, The lower end of the equipment cylinder (1) is provided with a lower end cap (1-2), and the lower end of the lower end cap (1-2) is provided with a fluid inlet (1-1).