Precast block unit carrying and paving mechanism
By integrating a precast block unit handling and paving mechanism with clamping and angle adjustment, the problems of low construction efficiency, poor precision and insufficient safety of traditional dam slope precast blocks are solved, achieving efficient, accurate and safe paving results, suitable for complex working conditions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HENAN PROVINCIAL WATER CONSERVANCY FIRST ENG BUREAU
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
Traditional methods of transporting and paving precast blocks for dam slopes suffer from low construction efficiency, poor paving accuracy, and insufficient safety, especially in complex working conditions where efficient, accurate, and safe paving is difficult to achieve.
A precast block unit handling and paving mechanism was designed, which integrates clamping and angle adjustment structures. It uses hydraulic cylinders to control the rotation angle of the base frame and four clamping devices to clamp the precast blocks simultaneously, thereby achieving mechanized handling and precise paving.
It improves paving accuracy, increases construction efficiency, reduces safety risks, adapts to complex working conditions, ensures that precast blocks are parallel to the slope, reduces gaps and misalignments, and enhances the continuity and impact resistance of the protective layer.
Smart Images
Figure CN224132552U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to the paving technology of precast concrete blocks for dam slope paving. Background Technology
[0002] I. Precast Concrete Blocks in Dam Slope Protection Engineering
[0003] (a) Slope protection works are required on the dam slope. In slope protection works, it is often necessary to pave precast concrete blocks on the dam slope, which serves the following purposes:
[0004] 1. Anti-erosion protection: Reduces slope erosion
[0005] Dam slopes are constantly subjected to direct impacts from water flow, rainwater, or waves. Exposed dam materials (such as riprap and soil) are easily eroded away, leading to slope subsidence or structural damage. Precast concrete blocks, acting as a rigid protective layer, are arranged in a regular pattern to cover the slope, effectively dispersing the impact of water flow and reducing direct erosion of the dam structure. Their high strength (concrete's strong compressive and shear resistance) allows them to withstand greater hydraulic loads, significantly reducing the risk of slope material loss.
[0006] 2. Enhance structural integrity: Prevent the spread of localized damage.
[0007] The precast concrete blocks are designed with standardized dimensions. During installation, they form a continuous protective layer through tight bonding or connecting structures (such as pre-reserved slots or grouting). This continuity avoids the local collapse problem caused by the detachment of individual blocks in traditional loose stone paving, prevents local damage from triggering a chain reaction of failures, and ensures the overall stability of the slope structure.
[0008] 3. Improve durability: Extend maintenance intervals
[0009] Concrete materials possess excellent weather resistance, exhibiting strong resistance to weathering, chemical erosion (such as acids and alkalis in water), and freeze-thaw cycles. After precast blocks are laid, they effectively isolate the dam material from direct contact with the external environment (such as humid air and harmful ions), reducing the aging rate of the dam body caused by natural environmental factors (such as alternating wet and dry conditions and freeze-thaw damage), extending the service life of the protective layer, and reducing the cost and workload of frequent maintenance.
[0010] 4. Adaptable to complex working conditions: Matches diverse slope requirements
[0011] For dam slopes with high gradients (e.g., >30°), large flow impacts, or special shapes (e.g., stepped, inclined curved surfaces), their regular shapes can be flexibly adjusted in arrangement according to the slope design (e.g., staggered joints, along the slope) to adapt to the protection needs under different working conditions.
[0012] 5. Improves construction efficiency: Reduces the difficulty of later maintenance.
[0013] Precast blocks are produced in a standardized factory, ensuring quality control. On-site installation only requires handling and paving, reducing the curing time and construction complexity of traditional on-site concrete pouring. If a precast block is damaged after installation, the damaged block can be quickly replaced without large-scale repairs, reducing the difficulty and time cost of later maintenance.
[0014] (ii) Hollowed-out precast concrete blocks.
[0015] With technological advancements, perforated precast concrete blocks have emerged. Due to their unique porous structure, these blocks not only retain the basic protective functions of ordinary precast concrete blocks in dam slope paving but also achieve more comprehensive benefits through a synergistic effect between structure and ecology. Their specific uses and functions are as follows:
[0016] 1. Basic protective function: Balancing erosion resistance and structural stability
[0017] The main body of the perforated precast blocks is still made of concrete, possessing high strength and corrosion resistance. They can be laid in a regular pattern to cover the dam slope, dispersing the impact of water flow and waves, and reducing the loss of dam materials (such as soil erosion and rockfill displacement). Their standardized dimensions and close arrangement (such as staggered paving) maintain the continuity of the overall slope structure, preventing cascading damage caused by localized breakage. Unlike ordinary precast blocks, the perforated structure, through the "diversion" effect of the holes, reduces the concentrated impact of water flow on the slope, further enhancing erosion resistance.
[0018] 2. Core role in ecological slope protection: promoting vegetation growth and ecological restoration
[0019] The core advantage of hollow design for ecological slope protection lies in providing "growth space" for the ecosystem, specifically manifested in:
[0020] Plant root soil stabilization: The perforated holes can be filled with soil, grass seeds, or vegetation substrate, providing a growth carrier for herbs, shrubs, and other plants. Plant roots penetrate deep into the dam soil through the holes, forming a "root-soil-structure" composite stabilization system. This not only enhances the shear strength of the slope (more stable than single concrete protection) but also regulates soil moisture through plant transpiration, reducing cracks caused by alternating wet and dry conditions.
[0021] Biological habitat and diversity: The holes can become habitats for insects and small amphibians (such as frogs and lizards), promote the construction of the ecological chain of microorganisms, animals and plants, restore the natural ecological function of the dam slope, and avoid the "ecological island" problem caused by traditional hard protection.
[0022] Integration with natural landscape: The perforated prefabricated blocks covered with vegetation are more in harmony with the surrounding environment (such as mountains, water and vegetation), enhancing the ecological landscape value of the dam and conforming to the modern water conservancy project's integrated design concept of "engineering-ecology".
[0023] 3. Hydrological regulation function: Optimizes slope water circulation
[0024] The openwork structure can promote the exchange of moisture between the slope and the outside environment, specifically in the following ways:
[0025] Infiltration drainage: When rainfall or water flow impacts, some water can seep into the dam body through the holes or be discharged along the channels, reducing surface water accumulation on the slope and reducing the problem of increased pore water pressure inside the dam body caused by water infiltration (avoiding the risk of slope landslides).
[0026] Water purification: The soil, plant roots, and microorganisms inside the holes can adsorb and degrade suspended solids and pollutants (such as silt and organic matter) in the water, playing a certain role in water purification and improving the ecological environment of the waters around the dam.
[0027] 4. Long-term maintenance advantage: Reduces ecological restoration costs
[0028] Traditional rigid protective structures (such as ordinary precast concrete blocks) require additional structural damage, soil filling, and vegetation planting for subsequent ecological restoration, resulting in high costs and long cycles. In contrast, perforated precast blocks can simultaneously complete "structural protection + ecological matrix filling" during construction, requiring only natural or minimal human intervention (such as replanting) to achieve vegetation coverage later, significantly reducing the time and economic costs of ecological restoration.
[0029] In summary, the hollowed-out precast concrete blocks, through their dual function of "structural protection + ecological empowerment," not only meet the erosion resistance and stability requirements of dam slopes but also provide a carrier for ecosystem restoration. They represent a typical technological application of the coordinated development of "engineering safety" and "ecological protection" in water conservancy projects, becoming a key technical means for dam slope protection and playing an important role in ensuring the long-term safe operation of dams.
[0030] The handling and installation of precast blocks for traditional dam slopes mainly rely on manual labor in conjunction with simple hoisting equipment, which presents the following drawbacks:
[0031] 1. Low construction efficiency: The operation cycle of manual handling and multiple angle adjustments is long, inefficient, and labor-intensive, often failing to meet the progress requirements of large-scale dam construction.
[0032] 2. Poor paving accuracy: Manual adjustment can easily lead to mismatch between the angle of the precast blocks and the slope, resulting in gaps or misalignment, which reduces the continuity and impact resistance of the protective layer; simple hoisting equipment (such as ordinary cranes) also lacks the function of adjusting the angle of the precast blocks. When the precast blocks are paved, the upper end of the precast block always contacts the slope first, making it difficult to ensure that the lower surface of the precast block falls on the slope at the same time. Local contact with the slope first can easily lead to positional deviation or angle mismatch, affecting the overall protection effect of the dam slope.
[0033] 3. High safety risks: Manual operation relies on experience, which poses a high safety risk; when manual operation of hoisting equipment at close range, problems such as precast blocks falling off and hoisting arm swinging may cause personal injury accidents.
[0034] Compared to the improved solution of this patent, the core defect of the prior art is the lack of integrated clamping and angle adjustment functions, resulting in insufficient paving accuracy, efficiency and safety. Utility Model Content
[0035] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a precast block unit handling and paving mechanism that integrates clamping and angle adjustment structures, providing an equipment foundation for achieving more efficient, precise and safer slope paving of precast concrete blocks.
[0036] To achieve the above objectives, the precast block unit handling and paving mechanism of this utility model includes a vertical plate and a base frame. The vertical plate is located in the middle of the base frame in the left-right direction, and the vertical plate and the base frame are rotatably connected.
[0037] The top of the vertical plate is provided with a lifting hole for hoisting by a crane; an upper hinge seat is fixedly connected to the upper part of the vertical plate below the lifting hole;
[0038] The upper hinge seat is hinged to the lower left direction to a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the left angle. The lower end of the hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the left angle is hinged to the left side of the base frame through the left hinge seat.
[0039] The upper hinge seat is hinged to the right and lower direction to a right-angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder. The lower end of the right-angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the right side of the base frame through the right hinge seat.
[0040] The base frame is equipped with a left clamping device at the left end and a right clamping device at the right end. The left and right clamping devices are symmetrically arranged and each includes a clamping hydraulic cylinder, a rotating shaft, and a crank.
[0041] The clamping hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the end of the base frame, and the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of the base frame inside the clamping hydraulic cylinder. The crank includes an upper rod and a lower rod, and the intersection of the upper rod and the lower rod is hinged to the rotating shaft. The extension rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder is connected downward to the upper rod, and the inner surface of the lower rod is used to clamp the precast block.
[0042] The rotating connection structure between the vertical plate and the base frame is as follows: the base frame has a hollow structure, and a connecting seat is fixed in the hollow part. The connecting seat is rotatably connected to the bottom of the vertical plate through a pin.
[0043] The front end of the base frame is equipped with a front clamping device, and the rear end of the base frame is equipped with a rear clamping device. The structure of the front clamping device and the rear clamping device is the same as that of the left clamping device and the right clamping device.
[0044] The inner surface of the lower part of the crank has a cushioning and wear-resistant layer.
[0045] This utility model has the following advantages:
[0046] 1. Improve paving accuracy: By adjusting the angle left and right with hydraulic cylinders to control the rotation angle of the base frame, the base frame and precast blocks can be made completely parallel to the dam slope, ensuring that the bottom surface of the precast blocks falls on the slope at the same time, avoiding gaps and misalignments caused by traditional manual labor or simple equipment, and improving the continuity and impact resistance of the protective layer.
[0047] 2. Improve construction efficiency: The four clamping devices in the front, back, left and right can clamp four precast concrete blocks at the same time (two in the left and right direction and two in the front and back direction), enabling multiple precast blocks to be transported at one time, reducing the number of repeated hoisting operations, and significantly improving the efficiency of handling and paving.
[0048] 3. Enhanced safety: Mechanized operation replaces manual close-range handling and adjustment, reducing the risks of precast blocks falling off and crane arm swinging, and reducing potential personnel casualties.
[0049] 4. Protect precast blocks and equipment: The inner surface of the lower rod of the clamping device is equipped with a buffer wear-resistant layer (rubber or polyurethane material), which can avoid rigid contact between the precast blocks and the lower rod, and prevent wear, indentation or local crushing; at the same time, it increases the coefficient of friction to prevent the precast blocks from sliding during transportation.
[0050] 5. Adaptable to complex working conditions: It integrates clamping and angle adjustment functions, which solves the problem of traditional equipment lacking angle adjustment capability, and is suitable for paving needs of complex dam slopes such as high slope and large flow impact. Attached Figure Description
[0051] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the base frame of this utility model in a horizontal state (when clamping and stacking precast concrete blocks).
[0052] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the base frame of this utility model in an inclined state (when the precast concrete blocks are placed on the slope of the dam).
[0053] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the base frame (view from above). Figure 3 The position indicated by point A is the structure where the clamping hydraulic cylinder is installed downwards on the base frame.
[0054] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the base frame of this utility model in a horizontal state. Detailed Implementation
[0055] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the precast block unit handling and paving mechanism of this utility model includes a vertical plate 1 and a base frame 2. The vertical plate 1 is located in the middle of the base frame 2 in the left-right direction, and the vertical plate 1 and the base frame 2 are rotatably connected.
[0056] The top of the vertical plate 1 is provided with a lifting hole 3 for hoisting by a crane; the upper part of the vertical plate 1 below the lifting hole 3 is fixedly connected with an upper hinge seat 4;
[0057] The upper hinge seat 4 is hinged to the lower left direction to the left and the hydraulic cylinder 5 for adjusting the left angle is hinged to the left side of the base frame 2 through the left hinge seat 7.
[0058] The upper hinge seat 4 is hinged to the right and lower direction to the right and the right angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder 6. The lower end of the right angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder 6 is hinged to the right side of the base frame 2 through the right hinge seat 8.
[0059] The base frame 2 is provided with a left clamping device at the left end and a right clamping device at the right end. The left and right clamping devices are symmetrically arranged and each includes a clamping hydraulic cylinder 9, a rotating shaft 10 and a crank.
[0060] The clamping hydraulic cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the end of the base frame 2, and the rotating shaft 10 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the base frame 2 inside the clamping hydraulic cylinder 9. The crank includes an upper rod 11 and a lower rod 12. The intersection of the upper rod 11 and the lower rod 12 is hinged to the rotating shaft 10. The extension rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder 9 is connected downward to the upper rod 11, and the inner surface of the lower rod 12 is used to clamp the precast block.
[0061] This utility model has a simple structure. By controlling the extension and retraction of the left-angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder 5 and the right-angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder 6, the rotation angle of the base frame 2 can be easily controlled, so that the base frame 2 is parallel to the dam slope. This allows the bottom surface of the precast concrete blocks to fall onto the dam slope simultaneously, achieving more precise paving.
[0062] The lower rods 12 of the left and right clamping devices can clamp the precast concrete blocks relative to each other, and can clamp two precast concrete blocks at a time. With the help of angle adjustment, mechanized handling and precise paving can be achieved, making the paving work more efficient, safer and more accurate.
[0063] The rotating connection structure between the vertical plate 1 and the base frame 2 is as follows: the base frame 2 is provided with a hollow structure 14, and a connecting seat 15 is fixed at the hollow structure 14. The connecting seat 15 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the vertical plate 1 through a pin 16.
[0064] The base frame 2 has a front clamping device at the front end and a rear clamping device at the rear end. The structure of the front clamping device and the rear clamping device is the same as that of the left clamping device and the right clamping device, only the setting position on the base frame 2 is different.
[0065] The four clamping devices in the front, back, left, and right directions can simultaneously clamp four precast concrete blocks in four directions (two in the left and right directions and two in the front and back directions), improving the efficiency of handling and paving.
[0066] The inner surface of the lower rod 12 of the crank arm has a buffer wear-resistant layer 13. The buffer wear-resistant layer 13 is made of rubber or polyurethane and protects both the lower rod 12 and the precast concrete block clamped by it, preventing wear, indentation, or localized damage due to rigid contact. Simultaneously, the buffer wear-resistant layer 13 increases the coefficient of friction, preventing the precast block from slipping during handling after clamping.
[0067] The working process of this utility model is as follows:
[0068] 1. Precast block preparation: Unload the precast concrete blocks in advance and stack them on the top or bottom of the dam slope.
[0069] 2. Lifting of the mechanism: Use a crane (preferably a crane truck) to lift the mechanism through the lifting hole 3 at the top of the vertical plate 1 of the precast block unit.
[0070] 3. Clamping the precast blocks: Operate the crane to move the mechanism to the stacked concrete precast blocks, so that the lower rods 12 of the four clamping devices in the front, back, left and right move downward and surround the four concrete precast blocks arranged in a square on the same layer; Simultaneously start the clamping hydraulic cylinders 9 of the four clamping devices, and their extension rods push down to press the upper rod 11 of the crank rod. The upper rod 11 rotates downward and forces the lower rod 12 to rotate inward. Finally, the inner surface of the lower rod 12 (with the buffer wear-resistant layer 13) clamps the precast blocks.
[0071] 4. Angle Adjustment and Handling: After clamping the precast blocks, operate the crane to lift and move the mechanism to the predetermined paving position; by controlling the extension and retraction of the left angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder 5 and the right angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder 6, adjust the rotation angle of the base frame 2 so that the base frame 2 and the clamped precast blocks are parallel to the dam slope.
[0072] 5. Paving operation: Operate the crane lowering mechanism to lower the precast blocks onto the dam slope; control the extension rods of the four clamping hydraulic cylinders 9 to retract synchronously, release the clamps on the precast blocks, and complete one paving operation; repeat the above steps until the paving of precast blocks on the slope is completed.
[0073] It should be noted that before clamping, the lower rod 12 is in an inclined state (deviating from the vertical at a certain angle), and after clamping, the clamping plate is in a basically vertical state, so that each lower rod 12 and its buffer wear-resistant layer 13 are still in a basically vertical state, and can make good contact with and clamp the precast concrete block. During manufacturing, through experiments, it can be determined how much the crank rod should rotate before and after clamping to meet the clamping requirements, and what the angle between the vertical plate 1 and the plumb line should be before clamping (the target angle of the vertical plate 1 after clamping is a vertical state).
[0074] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of this utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. Any modifications or partial substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.
Claims
1. A precast block unit handling and laying mechanism comprising a vertical panel and a chassis, characterised in that: The vertical plate is located in the middle of the base frame in the left-right direction, and the vertical plate is rotatably connected with the base frame; The top of the vertical plate is provided with a lifting hole for hoisting by a crane; an upper hinge seat is fixedly connected to the upper part of the vertical plate below the lifting hole; The upper hinge seat is hinged to the lower left direction to a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the left angle. The lower end of the hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the left angle is hinged to the left side of the base frame through the left hinge seat. The upper hinge seat is hinged to the right and lower direction to a right-angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder. The lower end of the right-angle adjustment hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the right side of the base frame through the right hinge seat. The base frame is equipped with a left clamping device at the left end and a right clamping device at the right end. The left and right clamping devices are symmetrically arranged and each includes a clamping hydraulic cylinder, a rotating shaft, and a crank. The clamping hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the end of the base frame, and the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of the base frame inside the clamping hydraulic cylinder. The crank includes an upper rod and a lower rod, and the intersection of the upper rod and the lower rod is hinged to the rotating shaft. The extension rod of the clamping hydraulic cylinder is connected downward to the upper rod, and the inner surface of the lower rod is used to clamp the precast block.
2. A preform block unit handling and laying mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating connection structure between the vertical plate and the base frame is as follows: the base frame has a hollow structure, and a connecting seat is fixed in the hollow part. The connecting seat is rotatably connected to the bottom of the vertical plate through a pin.
3. A preform block unit handling and laying mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the base frame is equipped with a front clamping device, and the rear end of the base frame is equipped with a rear clamping device. The structure of the front clamping device and the rear clamping device is the same as that of the left clamping device and the right clamping device.
4. A preform block unit handling and laying mechanism according to claim 3, characterised in that: The inner surface of the lower part of the crank has a cushioning and wear-resistant layer.