Roof heat preservation structure with exhausting and frost heaving preventing functions

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of fresh air systems, and discloses a roof heat preservation structure with exhaust and frost heaving prevention functions, which is arranged on a structural plate of a roof and comprises a breathable damp-proof layer, a light heat preservation layer and a concrete protection layer, the structural plate is covered with the breathable damp-proof layer, a plurality of breathable pipes are arranged in the breathable damp-proof layer, and water outlets of the breathable pipes are connected with a kitchen flue; the light heat preservation layer is laid on the breathable damp-proof layer; and the concrete protection layer is poured on the breathable damp-proof layer. The problem that the ventilation performance of a roof heat preservation layer is low is solved through the light heat preservation layer, meanwhile, the ventilation damp-proof layer is arranged between the light heat preservation layer and the structural slab, and the problems that the frost heaving prevention performance is low, and a roof waterproof layer is prone to being damaged are solved. The water outlet of the vent pipe is connected with the kitchen flue, water vapor is taken away under the pressure difference effect of the kitchen flue, and the problem that a connecting piece based on the siphon principle is prone to being blocked from the outside and losing the drainage function, and consequently the roof heat preservation layer structure is damaged and loses the heat preservation and frost heaving prevention function is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of roof insulation layer, specifically relating to a roof insulation structure with ventilation and frost heave prevention. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most roofs in northern China use the traditional construction method of insulating first and then waterproofing. This method involves installing a suspended platform after the roof protective layer is completed, and then constructing the roof waterproofing layer after the exterior facade is finished. This process is time-consuming, which can cause water to seep into the roof insulation layer due to cracks in the concrete protective layer. Over time, this can lead to water accumulation in the roof protective layer, resulting in leaks in the roof structural layer and frost heave in winter, ultimately causing complete damage to the roof waterproofing layer. To address this, designers have improved the roof structure. For example, Chinese utility model patent application number CN202320280329.2 discloses a roof insulation layer, specifically a roof component laid on the roof structure. This component includes an insulation layer with a connecting member based on the siphon principle installed outside it. A support frame for suspending itself is inserted inside the connecting member, with mounting frames fixed at both ends. These mounting frames are installed on other roof structures that do not contact the insulation layer. In addition to the insulation layer, the roof component also includes a waterproof layer laid on top of the insulation layer, ensuring that the waterproof layer and insulation layer are impermeable. This utility model, by inserting a connecting member parallel to the insulation layer and based on the siphon principle, allows the connecting member to drain water droplets at night when the insulation layer releases moisture. This is achieved by extending its highest point into a pre-reserved water-collecting component, thus improving the insulation layer's drainage efficiency.

[0003] However, the aforementioned roof insulation layer has low air permeability and frost heave resistance, which can easily damage the roof waterproofing layer. Furthermore, the siphon principle connectors are easily blocked from the outside, thus losing their drainage function and causing structural damage to the roof insulation layer, resulting in the loss of its insulation and frost heave resistance functions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, this application provides a roof insulation structure with ventilation and frost heave prevention to solve the problems of low ventilation and frost heave prevention performance, which easily cause damage to the roof waterproof layer, and the siphon principle connectors are easily blocked from the outside, losing the drainage function, which easily leads to the damage of the roof insulation layer structure and loss of insulation and frost heave prevention function.

[0005] The technical solution to the above-mentioned technical problems in this application is as follows:

[0006] A roof insulation structure with ventilation and frost heave prevention is installed on the roof structural slab, comprising: a breathable and moisture-proof layer, a lightweight insulation layer, and a concrete protective layer. The breathable and moisture-proof layer covers the structural slab and has several vent pipes installed within it. The outlets of the vent pipes are connected to the kitchen flue, and the vent pipes are used to utilize the pressure difference in the kitchen flue to expel moisture from the roof structural slab. The lightweight insulation layer is laid on the breathable and moisture-proof layer for insulation. The concrete protective layer is poured on the breathable and moisture-proof layer to protect the lightweight insulation layer.

[0007] Preferably, the breathable and moisture-proof layer comprises a composite structure of polyester fiber nonwoven fabric and high-density polyethylene film, wherein the high-density polyethylene film has breathable pores with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, and the pore density of the breathable pores is 50 pores / ㎡ to 80 pores / ㎡.

[0008] Preferably, the vent pipes are arranged in a ring-shaped grid, and the distance between adjacent vent pipes is 400mm to 600mm, and the diameter of the vent pipes is DN20 to DN40.

[0009] Preferably, the vent pipe is a PVC spiral corrugated pipe with permeable micropores of 1 mm to 2 mm in diameter on the pipe wall, and the porosity is 15% to 25%.

[0010] Preferably, the outlet of the vent pipe is provided with a reducing connector, the outlet diameter of the reducing connector being 1.2 to 1.5 times larger than the diameter of the vent pipe, and the outlet diameter of the reducing connector matching the inner diameter of the kitchen flue.

[0011] Preferably, a waterproof coating is provided at the connection between the vent pipe outlet and the kitchen flue.

[0012] Preferably, the outlet of the vent pipe is equipped with a check valve, and the opening pressure of the check valve is 5 Pa to 10 Pa.

[0013] Preferably, the lightweight insulation layer is lightweight aggregate slag with a particle size of no more than 5 mm.

[0014] Preferably, a leveling layer is provided between the lightweight insulation layer and the concrete protective layer to provide uniform support for leveling the surface.

[0015] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. By utilizing the air pressure difference in the flue, the moisture inside the roof structure slab is promptly discharged, effectively preventing leakage and frost heave caused by long-term accumulation of moisture inside the roof structure slab.

[0017] 2. By using a lightweight insulation layer, the problem of low air permeability of the roof insulation layer is solved. At the same time, a breathable moisture-proof layer is set between the lightweight insulation layer and the structural board to solve the problem of low anti-frost heave performance, which easily causes damage to the roof waterproof layer.

[0018] 3. By connecting the outlet of the vent pipe to the kitchen flue, the water vapor is carried away under the pressure difference of the kitchen flue. This solves the problem that the connectors of the siphon principle are easily blocked from the outside, losing their drainage function, which leads to the damage of the roof insulation layer structure and loss of its insulation and anti-frost heave function. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the roof insulation structure with ventilation and frost heave prevention features of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram of the roof insulation structure with ventilation and frost heave prevention features of this application.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reducing joint of the roof insulation structure with venting and frost heave prevention in this application.

[0022] In the diagram: kitchen flue 10, structural slab 100, breathable and moisture-proof layer 200, vent pipe 210, reducing joint 220, check valve 230, lightweight insulation layer 300, leveling layer 400, concrete protective layer 500. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings. However, this application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this application.

[0024] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "end," "top," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0026] Please see Figures 1 to 3 This application provides a roof insulation structure with ventilation and frost heave prevention, installed on a roof structural slab 100, comprising: a breathable moisture-proof layer 200, a lightweight insulation layer 300, and a concrete protective layer 500. The breathable moisture-proof layer 200 covers the structural slab 100, and a plurality of vent pipes 210 are provided inside the breathable moisture-proof layer 200. The outlet of the vent pipe 210 is connected to a kitchen flue 10, and the vent pipe 210 is used to exhaust moisture from the structural slab 100 of the roof by utilizing the pressure difference of the kitchen flue 10. The lightweight insulation layer 300 is laid on the breathable moisture-proof layer 200 for insulation. The concrete protective layer 500 is poured on the breathable moisture-proof layer 200 to protect the lightweight insulation layer 300.

[0027] Specifically, the breathable and moisture-proof layer 200 is installed on the structural slab 100, and the breathable pipe 210 is made of PVC pipe and is coiled according to relevant building industry standards and specifications. The outlet of the breathable pipe 210 extends into the kitchen flue 10. The breathable and moisture-proof layer 200 is made of, but is not limited to, nano-silica modified polyethylene film, cement-based breathable and waterproof coating, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) coated fabric, etc., selected according to the regional environment. A galvanized steel wire mesh is embedded in the concrete protective layer 500, with the wire mesh 20mm to 30mm away from the surface of the protective layer and the mesh size is 50mm×50mm. The addition of the steel wire mesh improves the firmness of the concrete protective layer 500. Furthermore, an electric heating tape is wrapped around the outer wall of the breathable pipe 210. The electric heating tape is electrically connected to a temperature sensor installed in the flue. When the temperature is below 2℃, heating is automatically activated. The electric heating tape solves the problem of the breathable pipe 210 freezing and cracking due to the low temperature in the north. The lightweight insulation layer 300 uses, but is not limited to, eco-friendly lightweight materials, prefabricated panel systems, and polymer composite materials.

[0028] Furthermore, the moisture in the roof structure panel 100 flows upward and enters the breathable moisture-proof layer 200. The gas enters the vent pipe 210 and is then blocked by the breathable moisture-proof layer 200. Under the pressure difference of the kitchen flue 10, the moisture flows along the vent pipe 210 into the kitchen flue 10 and is carried away from the roof. The lightweight insulation layer 300 is installed on the moisture-proof layer and protected by the concrete protective layer 500.

[0029] 1. The air pressure difference in the flue allows the moisture inside the roof structure panel 100 to be discharged in a timely manner, effectively preventing leakage and frost heave of the roof structure panel 100 caused by long-term accumulation of moisture inside the roof structure panel 100.

[0030] 2. The lightweight insulation layer 300 solves the problem of low air permeability of the roof insulation layer. At the same time, a breathable moisture-proof layer 200 is set between the lightweight insulation layer 300 and the structural board 100 to solve the problem of low anti-frost heave performance, which easily causes damage to the roof waterproof layer.

[0031] 3. By connecting the outlet of the vent pipe 210 to the kitchen flue 10, the water vapor is carried away under the pressure difference of the kitchen flue 10, which solves the problem that the connector of the siphon principle is easily blocked from the outside, loses the drainage function, and thus causes the roof insulation layer structure to be damaged and lose its insulation and anti-frost heave function.

[0032] In one embodiment of this application, the breathable and moisture-proof layer 200 comprises a composite structure of polyester fiber nonwoven fabric and high-density polyethylene film, wherein the high-density polyethylene film has breathable pores with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, and the pore density of the breathable pores is 50 pores / m² to 80 pores / m².

[0033] Clean the surface of structural panel 100, ensuring a flatness error ≤3mm / 2m, and round the internal corners with a radius of 50mm. Cut the composite roll material according to the location of the roof expansion joints, with a single piece size ≤6m×2m, and the long side parallel to the roof drainage direction (slope ≥2%). Lay the composite structure's polyester fiber non-woven fabric side down directly on structural panel 100, with an overlap width ≥80mm. The high-density polyethylene film side up, aligning the film's vent holes with the axis of vent pipe 210 (deviation ≤10mm). Longitudinal joints: Weld using a hot air welding gun (temperature 250-300℃), with a weld width ≥20mm, and perform an air inflation test (pressure 0.2MPa, no leakage for 30 seconds). Transverse joints: Lay in a staggered manner, with a staggered distance ≥300mm, and apply butyl rubber sealant (thickness ≥2mm) to the joints. Fix the structural slab 100 with nails (spacing ≤ 400 mm) or adhesive (spot bonding area ≥ 15%), with the edge trim extending up to the parapet wall (height ≥ 250 mm) and mechanically secured with metal strips.

[0034] At the point where the vent pipe 210 exits the high-density polyethylene membrane, a special flange collar (made of the same material as the drainage pipe) is heat-fused for connection. The collar's outer diameter is 40mm larger than the pipe diameter, and it is sealed with silicone weather-resistant sealant. The vent holes are arranged in a regular pattern with a diameter of 0.5mm to 1mm, using an equilateral triangular array (center-to-center distance between holes 30mm to 50mm), avoiding a 50mm range on either side of the axis of the vent pipe 210. Anti-slip strips (100mm wide) are installed around the perimeter and in the central area of ​​the roof (spacing ≤4m). The anti-slip strips are heat-fused to the high-density polyethylene membrane, with a wind uplift resistance ≥3kN / m.

[0035] By laying and installing according to the above technical requirements, and through the dual mechanism of gradient moisture permeability (non-woven fabric moisture absorption → high-density polyethylene film) and physical anchoring (hot pressing composite + mechanical fixing), the water vapor permeability is increased by 40% to 60% compared with single-layer materials, while ensuring liquid water barrier efficiency >99.5%.

[0036] In another embodiment of this application, the vent pipes 210 are arranged in a ring-shaped grid, with the spacing between adjacent vent pipes 210 being 400mm to 600mm, and the diameter of the vent pipes 210 being DN20 to DN40. The ring-shaped grid arrangement forms a multi-directional drainage path, allowing moisture within the roof structure slab 100 to converge into the drainage pipes in multiple directions, thus improving drainage efficiency compared to traditional unidirectional drainage systems. The grid spacing of 400mm to 600mm meets the drainage needs of roofs with different slopes while avoiding drainage blind spots caused by excessive spacing. The evenly distributed grid can evenly discharge moisture from the insulation layer, avoiding stress concentration caused by localized water accumulation and freezing, making it particularly suitable for cold regions.

[0037] Furthermore, the vent pipe 210 is made of PVC spiral corrugated pipe, with permeable micropores of 1mm to 2mm in diameter on the pipe wall, resulting in an opening rate of 15% to 25%. The annular reinforcing rib structure of the PVC spiral corrugated pipe can withstand the pressure generated by roof loads (such as snow loads and construction loads), and its compressive strength is more than 40% higher than that of ordinary straight pipes. The 1mm to 2mm permeable micropores combined with the spiral corrugated surface utilize the vortex effect of water flow to scour the pipe wall, reducing sediment deposition. Experimental data shows that when the opening rate is between 15% and 25%, the permeability efficiency and anti-clogging performance achieve the best balance. PVC material has better corrosion resistance than metal pipes, with a service life of over 30 years, and the spiral structure reduces material usage, resulting in better economic efficiency.

[0038] Based on the above scheme, the outlet of the vent pipe 210 is equipped with a reducing connector 220. The outlet diameter of the reducing connector 220 is 1.2 to 1.5 times larger than the diameter of the vent pipe 210, and the outlet diameter of the reducing connector 220 matches the inner diameter of the kitchen flue 10. A check valve 230 is installed at the outlet of the vent pipe 210, and the opening pressure of the check valve 230 is 5 Pa to 10 Pa. The check valve 230 is located at the inlet of the reducing connector 220, and the outlet diameter of the reducing connector 220 is increased by 1.2-1.5 times. Through the gradually narrowing flow channel design, the turbulent flow at the drain pipe outlet is converted into laminar flow within the flue, reducing pressure loss by more than 50%. The outlet diameter matches the flue, forming a seal with the check valve 230 to prevent moisture backflow when the flue's negative pressure is insufficient. The standardized reducing connector 220 adapts to different pipe diameters, simplifying construction and connection steps, and disassembly and replacement do not require damage to the flue structure.

[0039] In the above solution, to prevent water seepage at the interface, a waterproof coating is provided at the connection between the outlet of the vent pipe 210 and the kitchen flue 10. Waterproofing materials are used at the connection between the vent pipe 210 and the kitchen flue 10. These materials include waterproof coatings, sealing materials, and waterproof membranes. By applying the waterproof coating, the problem of water vapor leakage when the air pressure difference in the kitchen flue 10 carries away moisture is solved.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the lightweight insulation layer 300 is lightweight aggregate slag with a particle size of no more than 5 mm. Before construction, the lightweight aggregate slag is sieved (5 mm mesh) to remove powder. Sieving increases the porosity of the slag layer, thereby increasing air permeability and frost resistance. Furthermore, the lightweight aggregate slag is low in cost, improving the economic efficiency of the lightweight insulation layer 300.

[0041] In another preferred embodiment of this application, a leveling layer 400 is provided between the lightweight insulation layer 300 and the concrete protective layer 500 to provide uniform support for leveling the surface. The leveling layer 400 may be, but is not limited to, polymer-modified mortar, self-leveling compound, or precast leveling boards. When using polymer-modified mortar, latex powder or nano-SiO2 is added to improve impermeability. When using self-leveling compound, gypsum-based or cement-based self-leveling materials are used to achieve leveling and forming within 2 hours, with a flatness error ≤2mm / 2m. When using precast leveling boards, 600×600mm ceramic fiber boards are prefabricated in the factory and dry-laid on-site with jointing adhesive to improve construction efficiency. Through the adaptation of the above materials and processes, the mechanical transmission stability and long-term durability between the lightweight insulation layer 300 and the concrete protective layer 500 can be satisfied.

[0042] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A roof insulation structure having exhaust anti-frosting, provided on a structural board of a roof, characterized by, include: A breathable and moisture-proof layer is provided, which covers the structural board. Several breathable pipes are provided inside the breathable and moisture-proof layer. The outlet of the breathable pipe is connected to the kitchen flue. The breathable pipe is used to exhaust the moisture in the structural board of the roof by utilizing the pressure difference of the kitchen flue. A lightweight insulation layer is laid on the breathable and moisture-proof layer for insulation purposes; A concrete protective layer is poured on the breathable and moisture-proof layer to protect the lightweight insulation layer.

2. The roofing and insulation structure with exhaust anti-frost expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The breathable and moisture-proof layer comprises a composite structure of polyester fiber nonwoven fabric and high-density polyethylene film. The high-density polyethylene film has breathable pores with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, and the pore density of the breathable pores is 50 pores / ㎡ to 80 pores / ㎡.

3. The roofing and insulation structure with exhaust anti-freezing expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilators are arranged in a ring-shaped grid, and the distance between adjacent ventilators is 400mm to 600mm. The diameter of the ventilators is DN20 to DN40.

4. The roofing and insulation structure with exhaust anti-frost heaving according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vent pipe is made of PVC spiral corrugated pipe, and the pipe wall has water-permeable micropores with a diameter of 1mm to 2mm, and the porosity is 15% to 25%.

5. The roofing and insulation structure with exhaust anti-freezing expansion according to claim 1, wherein, The outlet of the vent pipe is equipped with a reducing connector. The outlet diameter of the reducing connector is 1.2 to 1.5 times larger than the diameter of the vent pipe, and the outlet diameter of the reducing connector matches the inner diameter of the kitchen flue.

6. The roofing and insulation structure with exhaust anti-freezing expansion according to claim 1, wherein, A waterproof coating is provided at the connection between the vent pipe outlet and the kitchen flue.

7. The roofing and insulation structure with exhaust anti-freezing expansion according to claim 1, wherein, The outlet of the vent pipe is equipped with a check valve, and the opening pressure of the check valve is 5 Pa to 10 Pa.

8. The roofing and insulation structure with exhaust anti-freezing expansion according to claim 1, wherein, The lightweight insulation layer is made of lightweight aggregate slag with a particle size of no more than 5mm.

9. The roofing and insulation structure with exhaust anti-freezing expansion according to claim 1, wherein, A leveling layer is provided between the lightweight insulation layer and the concrete protective layer to provide uniform support for leveling the surface.

Images