Series compensation type semi-air suspension shock absorber

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of automobile shock absorbers, and particularly relates to a series compensation type semi-air suspension shock absorber which is characterized by comprising a proportional cylinder body, a centrifugal force valve, an upper cylinder spring, a lower cylinder spring, an upper cylinder piston, a lower cylinder piston and a vacuum partition plate. The centrifugal force valve is arranged at the joint of the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body; an upper cylinder piston is arranged in the upper cylinder body, a closed air cavity is formed between the top of the upper cylinder piston and the upper cylinder body, a negative pressure cavity is formed among the upper cylinder body, the upper cylinder piston, the sealing guide column and the vacuum partition plate, and the closed air cavity and the negative pressure cavity form a composite air spring. Hydraulic oil is filled between the lower cylinder piston and the vacuum partition plate. The composite damping body structure has the advantages that the air spring, the metal spring and the hydraulic oil are adopted to form the composite damping body structure, kinetic energy can be rapidly absorbed, the problems of jolting feeling generated after the automobile passes through a pit wrapping obstacle and brake nodding caused by automobile body rolling are reduced, and the comfortable experience of driving is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of automotive shock absorber technology, and particularly relates to a series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber. Background Technology

[0002] The term "shock absorber" is a common term in the automotive chassis industry. An automotive shock absorber is essentially a vibration damper. Shock absorbers are used not only in the suspension system but also in other locations in automobiles. For example, they are used in the driver's cab, seats, steering wheel, and can also be used as a damper in the vehicle bumper. In the suspension system, the elastic elements vibrate due to impact. To improve the ride comfort, shock absorbers are installed in parallel with the elastic elements in the suspension. To dampen vibrations, the shock absorbers used in automotive suspension systems are mostly hydraulic shock absorbers. Their working principle is that when the frame (or body) and axle vibrate and there is relative motion, the piston inside the shock absorber moves up and down, and the oil in the shock absorber chamber repeatedly flows from one chamber to another through different orifices. At this time, the friction between the orifice wall and the oil, as well as the internal friction between oil molecules, creates a damping force on the vibration, converting the vehicle's vibration energy into oil heat energy, which is then absorbed by the shock absorber and dissipated into the atmosphere. When the cross-section of the oil passage and other factors remain constant, the damping force increases or decreases with the relative speed of movement between the frame and the axle (or wheels), and is related to the viscosity of the oil. The shock absorber and elastic element are responsible for buffering impacts and damping vibrations. Excessive damping force will degrade the elasticity of the suspension and may even damage the shock absorber connecting parts.

[0003] Steering dampers are damping shock absorbers installed in the steering system of automobiles. They come in various structural forms, the most common being a cylindrical damper filled with a viscous fluid, similar in structure to suspension dampers. Their function is to prevent self-excited or forced shimmy of the steering wheels; they also help prevent brake pull. Steering dampers are damping shock absorbers installed in the steering system to reduce impacts directly from uneven road surfaces and vibrations in the steering system, thus improving steering performance. If the steering mechanism uses power steering, which can further reduce impacts and mitigate vibrations, steering dampers are not commonly used in practice.

[0004] Since its inception in the mid-19th century, air suspension has undergone a century of development, evolving through various forms such as "pneumatic spring-airbag composite suspension → semi-active air suspension → central inflation / deflation suspension (i.e., ECAS electronically controlled air suspension system)". It wasn't until the 1950s that it was applied to heavy-duty trucks, buses, cars, and railway vehicles. Currently, almost all high-end buses abroad use air suspension, and the proportion of heavy-duty trucks using air suspension has reached over 80%. The application of air suspension in light vehicles is also rapidly increasing. Some passenger cars are also gradually installing air suspension, such as the Lincoln in the United States and the Benz 300SE and Benz 600 in Germany. In some special vehicles (such as instrument vehicles with high vibration damping requirements, ambulances, special military vehicles, and container transport vehicles), the use of air suspension is almost the only option. In my country, however, air suspension systems are still in their initial stages, and are only used in some luxury buses and a small number of heavy-duty trucks and trailers.

[0005] Generally speaking, the softer the elastic damping element, the less energy it stores, resulting in better damping and vibration reduction. However, if the elastic damping element is designed to be too soft, it cannot provide adequate support; conversely, if it is designed to be too stiff, the energy stored when encountering obstacles will increase, leading to greater vibration. Currently, most commercially available automotive shock absorbers do not allow for adjustment of the stiffness of the elastic damping element, making it impossible to adapt to the required damping performance under various road conditions or loads.

[0006] Additionally, when a car is turning quickly, the centrifugal force causes the body to tilt outwards, compressing the shock absorbers. Currently, vehicles mainly rely on the torsion springs of the anti-roll bars on the subframe to provide reverse downward pressure and positive support, which also corrects the degree of vehicle tilt. However, when the vehicle brakes at high speed, a braking dive phenomenon still occurs, affecting the comfort experience. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber that overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies. It adopts a composite damping body structure composed of air springs, metal springs, and hydraulic oil. The hydraulic oil is distributed in the proportional cylinder. The composite damping body can quickly absorb and release kinetic energy. The air spring, which combines an air compression chamber and a vacuum chamber, has better flexibility, reduces the bumpy feeling and braking dive phenomenon after passing through potholes and obstacles, and improves the driving comfort experience.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model employs the following technical solution:

[0009] A series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber includes a proportional cylinder, a centrifugal valve, an upper cylinder spring, a lower cylinder spring, an upper cylinder piston, a lower cylinder piston, and a vacuum baffle. The proportional cylinder comprises an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder, with an inner diameter ratio of 2-3:1. The centrifugal valve is located at the connection between the upper and lower cylinders. An upper cylinder piston is housed within the upper cylinder, forming a sealed air cavity between the top of the upper cylinder piston and the upper cylinder body. A vacuum baffle is fixedly installed below the upper cylinder piston. A centrally located, downwardly fixed sealing guide column is connected to the upper cylinder body, upper cylinder piston, sealing guide column, and vacuum partition, forming a negative pressure chamber. The sealed air chamber and the negative pressure chamber form a composite air spring. An upper cylinder spring is also provided between the top of the upper cylinder piston and the upper cylinder body. A lower cylinder piston is provided inside the lower cylinder body, and the lower cylinder piston is connected to the connecting seat through a telescopic guide column. A lower cylinder spring is provided between the bottom of the lower cylinder piston and the connecting seat. The space between the lower cylinder piston and the vacuum partition is filled with hydraulic oil. An oil inlet is provided on the lower cylinder body below the vacuum partition, and an electric control valve is provided on the oil inlet. The outer shell of the lower cylinder spring is a rubber dust cover or a corrugated pipe dust cover.

[0010] Furthermore, the telescopic guide post is a socket telescopic structure, and the telescopic guide post is provided with a maximum extension limit.

[0011] Furthermore, the top of the lower cylinder piston is connected to a sliding column via a thread, and a damping vibration damping component is connected to the top of the sliding column.

[0012] Furthermore, the centrifugal valve includes an upper valve plate, a lower valve plate, and an inertial triggering mechanism. Damping grid holes are provided at corresponding positions on the upper and lower valve plates. The lower valve plate can move left and right relative to the upper valve plate under the drive of the inertial triggering mechanism, causing the damping grid holes to open or close. The upper valve plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the lower cylinder body. Contacts are provided at both ends of the lower valve plate, with the ends of the two contacts extending into the sealing cover of the lower cylinder body. A return spring is connected between one end of the contact and the sealing cover. The inertial triggering mechanism includes a sealing cover box, a flange slider, an X-axis steel ball, and a Y-axis steel ball. The other end of the contact abuts against one side of the flange slider, which is located within the sealing cover box. The sealing cover box has a T-shaped structure. One end of the flange slider is connected to an X-axis spring via the X-axis steel ball, and the other end of the flange slider is connected to an X-axis return spring. The middle end of the flange slider is connected to a Y-axis spring via the Y-axis steel ball.

[0013] Furthermore, the damping vibration damping component includes a damping orifice plate and a rubber support plate disposed at the bottom of the damping orifice plate, and the damping orifice plate and the rubber support plate are fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding column.

[0014] Furthermore, the top sealing plate of the upper cylinder body is provided with a ring of air holes, and a film gasket is provided at the bottom of the air holes. The bottom of the film gasket is connected to a film bracket, and the film gasket is an annular gasket.

[0015] Furthermore, the top of the upper cylinder is provided with a rubber pad and bolts for connecting to the car frame; the bottom of the lower cylinder is provided with a connecting seat for connecting to the wheel axle.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0017] 1) The composite damping structure is composed of air springs, metal springs and hydraulic oil, which can quickly absorb and release kinetic energy, reducing the bumpy feeling and the problem of vehicle body tilting and braking after passing through potholes and obstacles. The air spring, which combines an air compression chamber and a vacuum chamber, is more flexible and improves the driving comfort experience.

[0018] 2) Hydraulic oil is distributed in the variable-diameter cylinder. The diameters of the upper and lower pistons in the variable-diameter cylinder are configured in proportion to form different degrees of response to vehicle vibration, thereby improving the vehicle's shock absorption performance. The presence of hydraulic oil can increase the stiffness of the vehicle's shock absorber, thereby enhancing the shock absorber's support force.

[0019] 3) The ring of air holes on the top sealing plate of the upper cylinder block, together with the film bracket and film, act as a one-way valve. During vehicle operation, it can automatically replenish air into the sealed air cavity without the need for complex structures such as air pumps and air tanks.

[0020] 4) This structure is suitable for vehicles such as sedans, heavy SUVs, and vans. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the centrifugal valve structure in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the damping vibration reduction component structure in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Top view;

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Proportional cylinder body, 2-Vacuum baffle, 3-Upper cylinder spring, 4-Sealing guide post, 5-Upper cylinder piston, 6-Lower cylinder piston, 7-Centrifugal valve, 8-Upper cylinder body, 9-Lower cylinder body, 10-Sealing ring, 11-Oil inlet, 12-Lower cylinder spring, 13-Electric control valve, 14-Rubber dust cover, 15-Telescopic guide post, 16-Sliding column, 17-Damping vibration damping assembly, 18-Check valve, 19-Reset spring, 20-Damping hole, 21-Flat support, 22-Lower limit stop Block, 23-vent hole, 24-nut, 25-connecting seat, 26-bolt, 27-rubber pad, 28-film bracket, 29-damping orifice plate, 30-rubber support plate, 31-vent hole, 32-film pad, 33-upper valve plate, 34-lower valve plate, 35-inertia triggering mechanism, 36-damping grid hole, 37-contact, 38-sealing cover box, 39-flange slider, 40-X-direction steel ball, 41-X-direction spring, 42-X-direction return spring, 43-Y-direction steel ball, 44-Y-direction spring. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this utility model, but not all embodiments.

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the specific embodiments used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the specific embodiments described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other specific embodiments can be obtained based on these specific embodiments without creative effort.

[0030] The components of the present invention described and shown in the specific embodiments herein can be arranged and designed in numerous different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the specific embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but only to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention.

[0031] See Figure 1-6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber of this utility model, including a proportional cylinder 1, a vacuum baffle 2, an upper cylinder spring 3, a lower cylinder spring 12, a sealing guide post 4, an upper cylinder piston 5, a lower cylinder piston 6, and a centrifugal valve 7. The proportional cylinder 1 includes an upper cylinder 8 and a lower cylinder 9, with an inner diameter ratio of 2-3:1 between the upper cylinder 8 and the lower cylinder 9. The upper cylinder 8 houses the upper cylinder piston 5, and a sealed air cavity is formed between the top of the upper cylinder piston 5 and the upper cylinder 8. The vacuum baffle 2 is fixedly installed below the upper cylinder piston 5, and the vacuum baffle 2 is fixedly and sealed to the inner wall of the upper cylinder 8. The upper cylinder piston 5 is centrally and downwardly fixedly connected to the sealing guide post 4. The upper cylinder 8, the upper cylinder piston 5, the sealing guide post 4, and the vacuum baffle 2 form a negative pressure cavity. The sealed air cavity and the negative pressure cavity form a composite air spring. The upper cylinder spring 3 is also installed between the top of the upper cylinder piston 5 and the upper cylinder 8. Centrifugal valve 7 is located at the connection between upper cylinder 8 and lower cylinder 9; lower cylinder piston 6 is located inside lower cylinder 9, and lower cylinder piston 6 is connected to connecting seat 25 via telescopic guide post 15. Lower cylinder spring 12 is located between the bottom of lower cylinder piston 6 and connecting seat 25; hydraulic oil is filled between lower cylinder piston 6 and vacuum baffle 2; vacuum baffle 2 is located inside upper cylinder 8, and upper cylinder 8 has oil inlet 11, on which an electric control valve 13 is installed. The outer shell of telescopic guide post 15 is a rubber dust cover 14 or a corrugated pipe dust cover. Telescopic guide post 15 has a socket telescopic structure.

[0032] In this embodiment, the centrifugal valve 7 includes an upper valve plate 33, a lower valve plate 34, and an inertial triggering mechanism 35. Damping grid holes 36 are provided at corresponding positions on the upper and lower valve plates 33 and 34. The lower valve plate 34 can move left and right relative to the upper valve plate 33 under the drive of the inertial triggering mechanism 35, causing the damping grid holes 36 to open or close. The upper valve plate 33 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the lower cylinder 9. Contacts 37 are provided at both ends of the lower valve plate 34, with the ends of the two contacts 37 extending into the sealing cover 38 of the lower cylinder 9. A return spring 19 is connected between one end of the contact 37 and the sealing cover 38. The inertial triggering mechanism 35 includes a sealing cover box 38 and a flange slider 3. 9. The X-axis steel ball 40 and the Y-axis steel ball 43 have their other end contacts 37 touching one side of the flange slider 39. The flange slider 39 is located in the sealing cover box 38, which has a T-shaped structure. One end of the flange slider 39 is connected to the X-axis spring 41 via the X-axis steel ball 40, and the other end of the flange slider 39 is connected to the X-axis return spring 42. The middle end of the flange slider 39 is connected to the Y-axis spring 44 via the Y-axis steel ball 43. When braking occurs in either direction, the greater inertia causes the X-axis steel ball 40 or the Y-axis steel ball 43 to be pushed out by the elastic force of the spring behind it, causing the flange slider 39 to shift. The lower valve plate 34 is normally in the open state, and the hydraulic oil does not flow.

[0033] At least one one-way valve 18 is provided on the vacuum partition 2. The one-way valve 18 is oriented from bottom to top. Its function is to compress and return the gas in the negative pressure chamber to the sealed air chamber when subjected to the compressive force of strong vibration energy during a large cratering event. A sealing ring 10 is provided between the sealing guide post 4 and the vacuum partition 2. The sealing ring 10 is a double-ring design to maintain good sealing performance. The air in the sealed air chamber can provide support for the wheels and subframe.

[0034] The top of the lower cylinder piston 6 is threadedly connected to a sliding column 16, and a damping vibration damping assembly 17 is connected to the top of the sliding column 16. The damping vibration damping assembly 17 includes a damping orifice plate 29 and a rubber support plate 30 located at the bottom of the damping orifice plate 29. The damping orifice plate 29 and the rubber support plate 30 are fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding column 16 by a nut 24. The top of the sliding column 16 is provided with a flat support platform 21 to prevent the damping orifice plate 29 from falling out. When the damping vibration damping assembly 17 moves upward with the sliding column 16, the rubber support plate 30 is resisted by the hydraulic oil and opens all the damping orifices 20. When the rubber support plate 30 moves downward, it fits against the damping orifice plate 29 and closes part of the damping orifice 20, thereby achieving rapid damping. That is, the damping force is large when the lower cylinder piston 6 rises and small when it falls.

[0035] The top sealing plate of the upper cylinder 8 has a ring of air holes 31, and a film gasket 32 ​​is provided at the bottom of the air holes 31. The bottom of the film gasket 32 ​​is connected to the film bracket 28. The film gasket 32 ​​is an annular gasket. The film gasket 32 ​​acts as a one-way valve. When the gas space between the upper cylinder piston 5 and the upper cylinder is insufficient (for example, due to leakage), air can be automatically replenished through the air holes 31 without the need for additional air replenishment.

[0036] The upper cylinder block 8 has a rubber pad 27 and a bolt 26 at its top for connecting to the car frame; the lower cylinder block 9 has a connecting seat 25 at its bottom for connecting to the wheel axle. The upper cylinder block 8 and the lower cylinder block 9 are connected to the corresponding components of the car. The lower cylinder block below the piston of the lower cylinder has a lower limit stop 22 and an exhaust port 23.

[0037] The proportional cylinder block 1's structure can deeply compensate for potholes and dampen vibrations, while the lower cylinder spring 12 and lower cylinder piston 6 can provide a rapid damping response on flat roads, improving comfort. The upper cylinder spring 3 has a spring constant of 200 N·m. -1 -500N·m -1 The spring constant and preload of the lower cylinder spring 12 can be adjusted appropriately according to the vehicle body weight. Hydraulic oil is injected into the proportional cylinder 1; since hydraulic oil is incompressible, it can increase the shock absorber's support force.

[0038] When the vehicle passes over a large pothole, the wheels and subframe are subjected to upward compressive force, which compresses the lower cylinder spring 12, compresses the lower cylinder piston 6, and compresses the hydraulic oil. The increased hydraulic oil pressure pushes the sealed guide column 4, which in turn pushes the upper cylinder piston 5 and the upper cylinder spring 3, shortening the overall length of the shock absorber. The air spring and the upper cylinder spring 3, which are composed of a sealed air chamber and a negative pressure chamber, play a deep compensation role. That is, the air spring and the lower cylinder spring are connected in series to reduce the spring stiffness coefficient, reducing the bumps transmitted to the vehicle body. In this process, the air spring, the metal spring, and the hydraulic oil work together to play a damping role, and the vehicle body rises a certain height under the action of the pothole force. After the vehicle body moves over the pothole, the upper cylinder spring 3 rebounds, the lower cylinder piston 6 falls, and the upper cylinder piston 5 falls back above the vacuum baffle 2, and the shock absorber returns to its original position.

[0039] When the vehicle turns at high speed, due to the large centrifugal force, the X-direction spring 41 compresses the Y-direction spring 44. Under the action of the return spring 19, the lower valve plate 34 is pushed to switch from the normal open state to the closed state. Since the hydraulic oil has incompressible characteristics, the shock absorber cannot extend or retract further, thus suppressing vehicle roll.

[0040] When the vehicle brakes at high speed, due to the large inertial force, the X-direction steel ball 40 compresses the X-direction spring, and the flange slider 39 moves backward under the action of the X-direction return spring 42. At this time, the lower valve plate 34 is pushed from the normal open state to the closed state under the action of the return spring 19. Since the hydraulic oil has incompressible characteristics, the shock absorber cannot extend or retract further, thus suppressing the vehicle's braking dive.

[0041] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A semi-air suspension damper of the series compensation type, characterized in that, It includes a proportional cylinder, a centrifugal valve, an upper cylinder spring, a lower cylinder spring, an upper cylinder piston, a lower cylinder piston, and a vacuum baffle. The proportional cylinder body includes an upper cylinder body and a lower cylinder body, and the inner diameter ratio of the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body is 2-3:1; the centrifugal force valve is located at the connection between the upper cylinder body and the lower cylinder body; The upper cylinder body is provided with an upper cylinder piston. A sealed air cavity is formed between the top of the upper cylinder piston and the upper cylinder body. A vacuum baffle is fixedly provided below the upper cylinder piston. A sealing guide column is fixedly connected to the upper cylinder piston in the center and downward. A negative pressure cavity is formed between the upper cylinder body, the upper cylinder piston, the sealing guide column and the vacuum baffle. The sealed air cavity and the negative pressure cavity form a composite air spring. An upper cylinder spring is also provided between the top of the upper cylinder piston and the upper cylinder body. The lower cylinder body is equipped with a lower cylinder piston, which is connected to the connecting seat via a telescopic guide post. A lower cylinder spring is provided between the bottom of the lower cylinder piston and the connecting seat. The space between the lower cylinder piston and the vacuum partition is filled with hydraulic oil. The lower cylinder body below the vacuum baffle is provided with an oil inlet, and an electric control valve is provided on the oil inlet; the outer shell of the lower cylinder spring is a rubber dust cover or a bellows dust cover.

2. The series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized by The telescopic guide post is a socket telescopic structure, and the telescopic guide post is provided with a maximum extension limit.

3. The series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized by The piston of the lower cylinder is connected to a sliding column by a thread, and a damping vibration damping component is connected to the top of the sliding column.

4. The series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized by The centrifugal valve includes an upper valve plate, a lower valve plate, and an inertial triggering mechanism. The upper and lower valve plates are provided with damping grid holes at corresponding positions. The lower valve plate can move left and right relative to the upper valve plate under the drive of the inertial triggering mechanism, so that the damping grid holes open or close. The upper valve plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the lower cylinder body. The two ends of the lower valve plate are respectively provided with contacts, and the two contact ends extend into the sealing cover of the lower cylinder body. A return spring is connected between one contact and the sealing cover. The inertial triggering mechanism includes a sealed cover, a flange slider, an X-axis steel ball, and a Y-axis steel ball. The other end of the contact rests on one side of the flange slider, which is located in the sealed cover. The sealed cover has a T-shaped structure. One end of the flange slider is connected to an X-axis spring via the X-axis steel ball, and the other end of the flange slider is connected to an X-axis return spring. The middle end of the flange slider is connected to a Y-axis spring via the Y-axis steel ball.

5. The series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that, The damping vibration damping component includes a damping orifice plate and a rubber support plate disposed at the bottom of the damping orifice plate. The damping orifice plate and the rubber support plate are fixedly connected to the upper end of the sliding column.

6. The series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized by The top sealing plate of the upper cylinder is provided with a ring of air holes, and a film gasket is provided at the bottom of the air holes. The bottom of the film gasket is connected to the film bracket, and the film gasket is an annular gasket.

7. The series-compensated semi-air suspension shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that The top of the upper cylinder is provided with a rubber pad and bolts for connecting to the car frame; the bottom of the lower cylinder is provided with a connecting seat for connecting to the wheel axle.

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