Integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument

Abstract

The utility model discloses an integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument, which comprises a lower shell, a circular upper cover is fixed at the upper end of the lower shell, and a hemispherical light-transmitting cover is buckled on the top surface of the upper cover; the top surface of the upper cover is provided with a plurality of rows of mounting holes and light guide columns; an arc-shaped shading ring is fixed on the top surface of the upper cover; an included angle is formed between the shading ring and the top surface of the upper cover; the shading ring spans above the plurality of rows of mounting holes; a signal acquisition plate is fixed at the top in the upper cover, a plurality of rows of photoelectric sensors are arranged on the signal acquisition plate, and the photoelectric sensors are in one-to-one correspondence with the light guide columns; and a measurement mainboard is arranged in the lower shell and is used for receiving signals of the photoelectric sensor. The measuring instrument is high in integration level, small in size, small in installation space, convenient to carry and reliable in work; synchronous measurement of total solar radiation, horizontal scattered radiation and horizontal direct radiation is realized, a mechanical moving part or an external solar tracking device is not needed, the problems of mechanical wear, clamping stagnation and the like are avoided, and the working reliability is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a solar radiation measuring device, and more particularly to an integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, solar radiation measurement mostly employs a split-type solar radiation measurement system, typically including a total radiometer, a shading device, a direct radiometer, and a solar tracker. The total radiometer measures the total solar radiation on a horizontal plane; the shading device mechanically blocks direct sunlight, working in conjunction with the total radiometer to measure diffuse radiation; the shading device uses an automatic shading system, driven by a motor to track the sun in real time. Direct radiation measurement requires a high-precision solar tracker (automatically adjusting azimuth and elevation angles) connected to the direct radiometer, making the system complex and costly. This split-type solar radiation measurement system suffers from the following problems:

[0003] 1. The structure is complex and bulky, requiring multiple sensors to work independently. It requires a large installation space, has poor portability, and is difficult to adapt to confined spaces such as the field or rooftops. Operation and maintenance are cumbersome, and solar trackers need to be calibrated regularly, resulting in high maintenance costs.

[0004] 2. The correction of the shading area by the shading device relies on an empirical model, which leads to errors in the measurement of scattered radiation; the spatial position difference of the split sensor (such as the distance between the shading device and the total radiation meter) causes deviations in the measurement of radiation flux density.

[0005] 3. Mechanical moving parts (such as motors and bearings) are susceptible to dust, low temperature or humid environment, which reduces reliability; high-precision solar trackers and direct radiation meters are expensive, making the total cost of the split system far exceed that of the integrated equipment, which is costly and limits large-scale deployment. Utility Model Content

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument that is highly integrated, small in size, requires little installation space, is easy to carry, and is reliable in operation.

[0007] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0008] An integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument includes a cylindrical lower housing, a circular upper cover fixed to the upper end of the lower housing, and a hemispherical light-transmitting cover fixedly fastened to the top surface of the upper cover to protect the internal components; its characteristic is:

[0009] The top surface of the cover has multiple rows of mounting holes and a light guide column in each mounting hole, which is used to guide the incoming sunlight into the photoelectric sensor on the signal acquisition board.

[0010] An inclined arc-shaped light-shielding ring is fixed on the top surface of the cover by two symmetrically arranged supports. The light-shielding ring forms an angle with the top surface of the cover and spans across the top of multiple rows of mounting holes. It is used to block part of the sunlight so that at any given time, at least one light guide column corresponding to the photoelectric sensor is not blocked, and at least one light guide column corresponding to the photoelectric sensor is completely blocked.

[0011] A signal acquisition board is fixed inside the top of the cover. Multiple rows of photoelectric sensors are arranged on the signal acquisition board. Each photoelectric sensor corresponds to a light guide column above and is used to receive sunlight radiation and generate electrical signals.

[0012] The lower housing contains a measuring main board, which receives signals from the photoelectric sensor to measure the total radiation value, diffuse radiation value, and calculate the direct radiation value.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment, the measurement motherboard is equipped with a power supply module, an analog measurement module, a microcontroller, a storage module, and a communication module. The output terminal of the power supply module is connected to the power input terminals of the other modules. The signal output terminal of the photoelectric sensor is connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller through the analog measurement module. The storage module and the communication module are respectively connected to the corresponding I / O ports on the microcontroller for storing the measured data and transmitting the data.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment, the photoelectric sensors and the light guide columns above each consist of three rows of 40 sensors each, with adjacent rows of photoelectric sensors and light guide columns staggered to ensure that at least one photoelectric sensor is fully exposed to the sunlight beam introduced through the light guide column at any given time, while at least one photoelectric sensor is completely blocked by the light-shielding ring.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment, the analog measurement module consists of three modules and employs an AD7124 analog-to-digital converter; the microcontroller is a GD32 single-chip microcomputer; and the communication module is an RS485 communication module.

[0016] As a further preferred option, the included angle is preferably 35-40 degrees; an adjusting screw is provided on both sides of one of the supports on the upper cover, with the upper end of the adjusting screw pressing against one end of the corresponding light-shielding ring, so as to adjust the tilt angle of the light-shielding ring.

[0017] As a further preferred embodiment, the mounting hole is stepped, and the upper end of the light guide post is spherical and fits into the corresponding mounting hole to improve the light collection effect.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment, a circular groove is provided on the top surface of the cover near one side of the support, and a spirit level is provided in the circular groove to ensure the levelness of the measuring instrument during installation.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment, the light-shielding ring is made of aluminum with an anodized black coating on its surface to improve the light-shielding effect.

[0020] As a further preferred option, a tilt sensor is also provided on the measuring motherboard. The signal output terminal of the tilt sensor is connected to the corresponding I / O port on the microcontroller and is used to detect the levelness of the measuring instrument during installation.

[0021] As a further preferred embodiment, the lower housing is filled with desiccant, and a filling hole with a sealing cap is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the lower housing to facilitate the replacement of the desiccant.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0023] 1. By arranging multiple rows of photoelectric sensors on the signal acquisition board, with each photoelectric sensor corresponding to a light guide column above, the system can receive solar radiation and generate electrical signals, forming a wide-angle receiving structure covering a 180° range on the horizontal plane, thereby directly measuring the total solar radiation of the full spectrum (0.28~3μm).

[0024] 2. Because an inclined arc-shaped light-shielding ring is fixed on the top surface of the cover, forming an angle with the top surface of the cover and spanning above multiple rows of mounting holes, the light-shielding ring can block part of the sunlight, ensuring that at any given time, at least one light guide column corresponding to a photoelectric sensor is not blocked, and at least one light guide column corresponding to a photoelectric sensor is completely blocked. After receiving the light, the photoelectric sensors corresponding to the unblocked and completely blocked light guide columns generate electrical signals, which are transmitted to the measurement mainboard. The measurement mainboard can then measure the total radiation value and the diffuse radiation value, and the microcontroller on the measurement mainboard can calculate the direct radiation value. Therefore, this measuring instrument realizes the simultaneous measurement of total solar radiation, horizontal diffuse radiation, and horizontal direct radiation, without the need for mechanical moving parts or external solar tracking devices, avoiding problems such as mechanical wear and jamming, and significantly improving operational reliability.

[0025] 3. The overall structure is simple and highly integrated, with small size, light weight, small installation space, easy to carry, and suitable for mobile deployment; it is easy to maintain and has low maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The left view.

[0028] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 AA sectional view.

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 2BB cross-sectional view.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the present invention without the light-transmitting cover.

[0031] Figure 6 This is the circuit block diagram of this utility model.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Lower housing; 2. Upper cover; 3. Light-transmitting cover; 4. Aviation plug; 5. Measurement main board; 6. Copper stud; 7. Signal acquisition board; 8. Photoelectric sensor; 9. Light guide column; 10. Support; 11. Light shielding ring; 12. Fixed support foot; 13. Connecting bolt; 14. Sealing cover; 15. Adjusting support foot; 16. Bulb level; 17. Adjusting screw. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0034] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument of this utility model includes a cylindrical lower housing 1. A circular upper cover 2 is fixed to the upper end of the lower housing 1. The lower end of the upper cover 2 is inserted into the upper end of the lower housing 1 through a stop and fixed with screws. A hemispherical light-transmitting cover 3 is fixedly fastened to the top surface of the upper cover 2. An annular groove is provided on the top surface of the upper cover 2. The light-transmitting cover 3 is inserted into and adhered to the annular groove to isolate the air and water inside and outside the instrument, prevent condensation from damaging the internal components of the instrument, and thus protect the internal components.

[0035] The top surface of the upper cover 2 has a stepped multi-row mounting hole, and a light guide column 9 is inserted into each mounting hole through a gap fit. The upper end of the light guide column 9 is spherical and is stuck in the corresponding mounting hole to improve the light collection effect of sunlight. The top of the light guide column 9 is on the same plane as the top surface of the upper cover 2, and is used to guide the incoming sunlight into the photoelectric sensor 8 on the signal acquisition board 7.

[0036] Two supports 10 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the multi-row mounting holes on the top surface of the upper cover 2. The two supports 10 pass through the top surface of the upper cover 2 and are fixed to the upper cover 2 with nuts. The upper end of the supports 10 is forked. An inclined arc-shaped light-shielding ring 11 is fixed to the upper cover 2 by screws through the two symmetrically arranged supports 10. The light-shielding ring 11 forms an angle with the top surface of the upper cover 2 and spans across the top of the multi-row mounting holes. It is used to block part of the sunlight so that at any time during the day, at least one light guide post 9 corresponding to the photoelectric sensor 8 is not blocked, and at least one light guide post 9 corresponding to the photoelectric sensor 8 is completely blocked.

[0037] The light-shielding ring 11 is made of aluminum with an anodized black coating to improve the light-shielding effect. The included angle is preferably 35-40 degrees. Adjusting screws 17 are respectively provided on both sides of one of the supports 10 on the upper cover 2. The upper end of the adjusting screw 17 rests on one end of the corresponding light-shielding ring 11 to adjust the tilt angle of the light-shielding ring 11.

[0038] A circular groove is provided on the top surface of the top cover 2 near one side of the support 10, and a spirit level 16 is installed in the circular groove to ensure the levelness of the measuring instrument during installation.

[0039] A signal acquisition board 7 is fixed to the top of the inner cover 2 by screws. Multiple rows of photoelectric sensors 8 are fixedly arranged on the signal acquisition board 7. The photoelectric sensors 8 correspond one-to-one with the light guide column 9 above, and are used to receive the radiation of sunlight and generate electrical signals.

[0040] The photoelectric sensors 8 and the light guide columns 9 above each consist of three rows of 40 sensors. The photoelectric sensors 8 and the light guide columns 9 in adjacent rows are staggered to ensure that at least one photoelectric sensor 8 is fully exposed to the sunlight beam introduced by the light guide column 9 at any given time, while at least one photoelectric sensor 8 is completely blocked by the light-shielding ring 11.

[0041] A measuring main board 5 is installed inside the lower housing 1, and the measuring main board 5 is suspended from the bottom of the upper cover 2 by four copper studs 6. Figure 6 As shown, the measurement motherboard 5 includes a power supply module, an analog measurement module, a microcontroller, a storage module, and a communication module. The power supply module is connected to an external 9-36V DC power supply and outputs 3.3V. Its output terminal is electrically connected to the power input terminals of other modules, providing a stable and reliable power supply to the modules on the motherboard. The signal output terminal of the photoelectric sensor 8 is connected to the analog measurement module via a data line, and is also connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller via the analog measurement module and the integrated signal lines on the measurement motherboard, converting the generated electrical signal into a digital signal for transmission to the microcontroller. The storage module and the communication module are respectively connected to the corresponding I / O ports on the microcontroller, used to store the measured data and transmit the data.

[0042] The analog measurement module consists of three modules, each using an AD7124 analog-to-digital converter. The microcontroller is a GigaDevice GD32F303 single-chip microcontroller. The communication module is an RS485 communication module used to transmit the measured data to a remote data acquisition center. The storage module uses a GD25 memory chip.

[0043] A tilt sensor is also provided on the mainboard 5. The sensor is a LIS2DH12TR sensor. The signal output terminal of the tilt sensor is connected to the corresponding I / O port on the microcontroller and is used to detect the levelness of the measuring instrument during installation.

[0044] The lower housing 1 is filled with desiccant (not shown in the figure). A filling hole is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the lower housing 1, and a sealing cap 14 is connected by threads to facilitate the replacement of the desiccant. An aviation plug 4 is installed on one side of the lower housing 1. The power module and communication module are electrically connected to the aviation plug 4 to access power and transmit data.

[0045] A fixed support leg 12 and two adjusting support legs 15 are evenly distributed along the circumference on the bottom surface of the lower housing 1. The fixed support leg 12 and the adjusting support legs 15 are respectively connected to the bottom surface of the lower housing 1 by threads to facilitate adjustment of the levelness of the measuring instrument. Two connecting bolts 13 are symmetrically connected to the bottom surface of the lower housing 1 for installation and fixation.

[0046] During installation, the measuring instrument is placed on a mounting frame and leveled by the fixed support leg 12 and the adjusting support leg 15, and then fixed to the mounting frame by the connecting bolt 13.

[0047] In operation, sunlight passes through the light-transmitting cover 3 and illuminates the multiple rows of light guide columns 9 on the top surface of the upper cover 2. The light-blocking ring 11 partially blocks the sunlight, ensuring that at any given time, at least one light guide column 9 corresponding to a photoelectric sensor 8 is completely unblocked, and at least one light guide column 9 corresponding to a photoelectric sensor 8 is completely blocked. After receiving the sunlight, the photoelectric sensor 8 corresponding to the light guide column 9 generates an electrical signal, which is transmitted to the measurement mainboard 5. The analog measurement module of the measurement mainboard 5 receives the signal, converts it into a digital signal, and transmits it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller converts the values ​​measured by the completely unblocked photoelectric sensor 8 into a total radiation intensity value, and the values ​​measured by the completely blocked photoelectric sensor 8 into a diffuse radiation intensity value. The microcontroller then performs a difference calculation to obtain the direct radiation value. The measured radiation value is transmitted to a remote data acquisition center via a communication module.

[0048] Although the embodiments of this utility model have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, this utility model is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument, comprising a cylindrical lower housing, a circular upper cover fixed to the upper end of the lower housing, and a hemispherical light-transmitting cover fixedly fastened to the top surface of the upper cover for protecting internal components; characterized in that: The top surface of the cover has multiple rows of mounting holes and a light guide column in each mounting hole, which is used to guide the incoming sunlight into the photoelectric sensor on the signal acquisition board. An inclined arc-shaped light-shielding ring is fixed on the top surface of the cover by two symmetrically arranged supports. The light-shielding ring forms an angle with the top surface of the cover and spans across the top of multiple rows of mounting holes. It is used to block part of the sunlight so that at any given time, at least one light guide column corresponding to the photoelectric sensor is not blocked, and at least one light guide column corresponding to the photoelectric sensor is completely blocked. The signal acquisition board is fixed inside the top of the cover. Multiple rows of photoelectric sensors are arranged on the signal acquisition board. Each photoelectric sensor corresponds to a light guide column above it and is used to receive the radiation of sunlight and generate electrical signals. The lower housing contains a measuring main board, which receives signals from the photoelectric sensor to measure the total radiation value, diffuse radiation value, and calculate the direct radiation value.

2. The integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that in The measurement motherboard is equipped with a power module, an analog measurement module, a microcontroller, a storage module, and a communication module. The output terminal of the power module is connected to the power input terminals of the other modules. The signal output terminal of the photoelectric sensor is connected to the signal input terminal of the microcontroller through the analog measurement module. The storage module and the communication module are respectively connected to the corresponding I / O ports on the microcontroller for storing the measured data and transmitting the data.

3. The integrated solar-radiation triad measuring instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that: The photoelectric sensors and the light guide columns above each consist of three rows of 40 sensors. The photoelectric sensors and light guide columns in adjacent rows are staggered to ensure that at least one photoelectric sensor is fully exposed to the sunlight beam introduced through the light guide column at any given time, while at least one photoelectric sensor is completely blocked by the light-shielding ring.

4. The integrated solar-radiation triad measuring instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that: The analog measurement module consists of three modules and uses an AD7124 analog-to-digital converter; the microcontroller is a GD32 single-chip microcomputer; and the communication module is an RS485 communication module.

5. The integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle is preferably 35-40 degrees; an adjusting screw is provided on both sides of one of the supports on the upper cover, with the upper end of the adjusting screw pressing against one end of the corresponding light-shielding ring, so as to adjust the tilt angle of the light-shielding ring.

6. The integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting holes are stepped, and the upper end of the light guide post is spherical and fits into the corresponding mounting holes to improve the light collection effect.

7. The integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circular groove is provided on the top surface of the cover near one side of the support, and a spirit level is provided in the circular groove to ensure the levelness of the measuring instrument during installation.

8. The integrated solar-radiation triad measuring instrument according to any one of claims 1, 3, 5, characterized in that: The light-shielding ring is made of aluminum with an anodized black coating on its surface to improve the light-shielding effect.

9. The integrated solar radiation three-element measuring instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that in The measuring motherboard is also equipped with a tilt sensor. The signal output terminal of the tilt sensor is connected to the corresponding I / O port on the microcontroller and is used to detect the levelness of the measuring instrument during installation.

10. The integrated solar radiation triad instrument according to claim 1, wherein: The lower housing is filled with desiccant, and a filling hole with a sealing cap is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the lower housing to facilitate the replacement of the desiccant.

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