Split welding type X-ray tube metal tube shell

Abstract

The utility model discloses a split welding type X-ray tube metal tube shell which comprises a first barrel, a vertical plate and a second barrel, the vertical plate is an annular plate, the first end of the first barrel is welded to the inner edge of the vertical plate, and the second end of the second barrel is welded to the outer edge of the vertical plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of X-ray tube technology, and in particular to a split-welded metal shell for X-ray tubes. Background Technology

[0002] An X-ray tube mainly consists of a tube shell, a rotating anode, and a cathode. Early X-ray tubes mostly used a glass tube shell design. This design has certain limitations under the high temperature and high speed rotating conditions of the tube, limiting its service life and stability, and thus affecting the overall performance of the CT equipment.

[0003] With the development of medical imaging technology and the widespread use of CT scans, the requirements for the performance and reliability of X-ray tubes are becoming increasingly stringent. The application of metal casings is an important direction in the development of X-ray tube technology. Using metal casings helps to extend the lifespan of X-ray tubes, reduce hospital operating costs, and simultaneously improve the overall performance of CT equipment. X-ray tubes with metal casings offer several advantages in medical imaging equipment, primarily including:

[0004] Electromagnetic shielding: The metal tube shell can effectively shield the electromagnetic radiation generated by the internal X-ray tube, protect the external environment from interference, and also protect the X-ray tube from interference from external electromagnetic fields.

[0005] Mechanical protection: The metal casing provides excellent mechanical protection for the internal X-ray tube, preventing damage caused by external forces;

[0006] Heat conduction: Metals are good heat conductors, which can help to quickly conduct away the heat generated by the tube, prevent the tube from overheating, and extend its service life;

[0007] Vacuum maintenance: The metal shell helps maintain the vacuum inside the X-ray tube, because X-ray tubes need to operate in a vacuum environment to produce high-quality X-rays;

[0008] Stability: The metal casing improves the overall stability of the X-ray tube, enabling it to maintain stable performance during continuous operation.

[0009] Durability: Metal materials typically have high durability and fatigue resistance, making them suitable for medical devices that are used repeatedly for extended periods.

[0010] Safety: In the event of an internal malfunction, the metal casing prevents debris from flying out, ensuring the safety of operators and users.

[0011] While metal tubing offers many advantages, its manufacturing process is relatively complex, and its design and production require rigorous engineering and quality control to ensure accuracy and reliability in medical diagnostics.

[0012] In existing technologies, metal tubing is generally manufactured by stamping or spinning in one piece. However, using stamping or spinning in one piece to manufacture metal tubing has the following disadvantages:

[0013] High mold costs: A significant initial investment in molds is required.

[0014] Poor adaptability: Stamping may not be suitable for products with complex shapes or high strength requirements;

[0015] Material limitations: Applicable only to sheet materials, and there are certain limitations on material thickness;

[0016] Low precision: Stamped parts have low dimensional precision. In order to obtain parts with higher precision, high-precision molds are generally required, or secondary processing is required after stamping.

[0017] There are currently no effective solutions to the technical problems of high mold cost, poor adaptability, material limitations and low precision caused by the use of stamping or spinning integral forming methods to manufacture metal tube shells in the existing technology. Utility Model Content

[0018] This invention provides a split-welded metal shell for X-ray tubes, which at least solves the technical problems of high mold cost, poor adaptability, material limitations and low precision caused by the use of stamping or spinning integral forming methods to manufacture metal shells in the prior art.

[0019] According to one aspect of this application, a split-welded X-ray tube metal shell is provided, comprising: a first cylinder, a vertical plate, and a second cylinder, wherein the vertical plate is an annular plate, and wherein a first end of the first cylinder is welded to the inner edge of the vertical plate, and a second end of the second cylinder is welded to the outer edge of the vertical plate.

[0020] Optionally, the inner edge of the vertical plate has a stepped portion formed on the first plate surface opposite to the first cylinder, so that the vertical plate includes an adjacent first inner surface and a second inner surface, wherein the inner diameter of the first inner surface is larger than the inner diameter of the second inner surface, and the first inner surface and the second inner surface are connected by a first stepped surface, wherein the first end face of the first cylinder located at the first end mates with the first stepped surface, and the portion of the first outer side of the first cylinder located at the first end mates with the first inner surface, thereby achieving positioning between the first cylinder and the vertical plate.

[0021] Optionally, the concentricity of the assembly between the first cylinder and the vertical plate is 0.05-0.2 mm; the perpendicularity between the first cylinder and the vertical plate is 0.1 mm; and the radial and axial fit clearances between the first cylinder and the vertical plate are 0.05-0.1 mm.

[0022] Optionally, the first outer surface and the first plate surface are welded together at their intersection using a first solder; and the third inner surface and the second inner surface of the first cylinder are welded together at their adjacent points using a second solder.

[0023] Optionally, a stepped portion is formed on the second end face of the second cylinder at the second end, so that the second cylinder includes a third inner surface and a fourth inner surface, wherein the inner diameter of the third inner surface is larger than the inner diameter of the fourth inner surface, and the third inner surface and the fourth inner surface are connected by a second stepped surface, wherein the second outer side of the vertical plate mates with the third inner surface, and the second plate surface of the vertical plate opposite to the first plate surface mates with the second stepped surface, thereby realizing the positioning between the vertical plate and the second cylinder.

[0024] Optionally, the concentricity of the assembly between the second cylinder and the vertical plate is 0.05-0.2 mm; the perpendicularity between the second cylinder and the vertical plate is 0.1 mm; and the radial and axial clearances between the second cylinder and the vertical plate are 0.05-0.1 mm.

[0025] Optionally, the second end face of the second cylinder is welded to the first plate face at the adjacent point by a third solder; and the fourth inner surface of the second cylinder is welded to the second plate face at the intersection point by a fourth solder.

[0026] In this embodiment, three parts—a first cylinder, a vertical plate, and a second cylinder—are first generated using conventional machining methods. Then, the workers weld the first cylinder, the vertical plate, and the second cylinder together to assemble a modular welded X-ray tube metal shell. The vertical plate is an annular plate. During the assembly of the modular welded X-ray tube metal shell, the workers weld the first end of the first cylinder to the inner edge of the vertical plate, and the second end of the second cylinder to the outer edge of the vertical plate, thus completing the assembly of the modular welded X-ray tube metal shell. Therefore, the modular welded X-ray tube metal shell of this technical solution, by first generating the various parts (i.e., the first cylinder, the vertical plate, and the second cylinder) separately, results in relatively simple parts. Compared with metal shells manufactured by stamping or spinning in the prior art, this technical solution reduces the complexity of the molds used, reduces the initial high mold costs, and improves mold precision. This solves the technical problems of high mold cost, poor adaptability, material limitations and low precision caused by the use of stamping or spinning integral forming methods to manufacture metal tube shells in the existing technology.

[0027] The above and other objects, advantages and features of this invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments of this application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The following sections will describe some specific embodiments of this application in detail by way of example and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts or components. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the split-welded X-ray tube metal shell according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic, partially enlarged view of the modular welded metal casing of the X-ray tube shown; and

[0031] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Another schematic enlarged view of the metal casing of the X-ray tube shown, which is a split-welded type. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other. The present utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate for the embodiments of the utility model described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0035] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0036] Figure 1 An exemplary schematic diagram of the structure of the split-welded X-ray tube metal shell according to an embodiment of this application is shown. (Refer to...) Figure 1 As shown, a split-welded X-ray tube metal shell 100 is provided, including: a first cylinder 110, a vertical plate 120 and a second cylinder 130, wherein the vertical plate 120 is an annular plate, and wherein the first end of the first cylinder 110 is welded to the inner edge of the vertical plate 120, and the second end of the second cylinder 130 is welded to the outer edge of the vertical plate 120.

[0037] As described in the background section, in the prior art, metal tube shells are generally manufactured by stamping or spinning in one piece. Using stamping or spinning in one piece to manufacture metal tube shells has the following disadvantages: high mold cost: a high initial investment in molds is required; poor adaptability: stamping may not be suitable for products with complex shapes or high strength requirements; material limitations: only applicable to sheet metal, and the material thickness is limited; low precision: stamped parts have lower dimensional accuracy, and to obtain higher precision parts, high-precision molds or secondary processing after stamping are generally required.

[0038] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the technical solution of this application first generates three parts: a first cylinder 110, a vertical plate 120, and a second cylinder 130, all machined using conventional machining methods. Then, workers weld the first cylinder 110, the vertical plate 120, and the second cylinder 130 together to assemble a modular welded X-ray tube metal shell 100. The vertical plate 120 is an annular plate. During the assembly of the modular welded X-ray tube metal shell 100, workers weld the first end of the first cylinder 110 to the inner edge of the vertical plate 120, and weld the second end of the second cylinder 130 to the outer edge of the vertical plate 120, thus completing the assembly of the modular welded X-ray tube metal shell 100. Therefore, the modular welded X-ray tube metal shell 100 in this technical solution first generates the various parts that make up the X-ray tube metal shell (i.e., the first cylinder 110, the vertical plate 120, and the second cylinder 130). The generated parts (i.e., the first cylinder 110, the vertical plate 120, and the second cylinder 130) are relatively simple. Compared with metal shells manufactured by stamping or spinning in the prior art, this technical solution reduces the complexity of the molds used, reduces the high initial mold costs, and improves mold precision. This solves the technical problems of high mold costs, poor adaptability, material limitations, and low precision caused by the use of stamping or spinning in the prior art for manufacturing metal shells.

[0039] Optionally, the inner edge of the vertical plate 120 has a stepped portion formed on the first plate surface 121 opposite to the first cylinder 110, so that the vertical plate 120 includes an adjacent first inner surface 122 and a second inner surface 124, wherein the inner diameter of the first inner surface 122 is larger than the inner diameter of the second inner surface 124, and the first inner surface 122 and the second inner surface 124 are connected by a first stepped surface 123, wherein the first end face 111 of the first cylinder 110 at the first end mates with the first stepped surface 123, and the portion of the first outer side surface 112 of the first cylinder 110 at the first end mates with the first inner surface 122, thereby achieving positioning between the first cylinder 110 and the vertical plate 120.

[0040] Specifically, refer to Figure 2As shown, the first plate surface 121 of the inner edge of the vertical plate 120, which is used to connect with the first cylinder 110, includes a first inner surface 122, a first stepped surface 123, and a second inner surface 124. The first inner surface 122 and the second inner surface 124 are connected by the first stepped surface 123, thereby forming a stepped portion. The inner diameter of the first inner surface 122 is larger than the inner diameter of the second inner surface 124. The first end face 111 of the first cylinder 110 at the first end mates with the first stepped surface 123, and the portion of the first outer surface 112 of the first cylinder 110 at the first end mates with the first inner surface 122. Thus, the stepped portion formed by the first end face 111 and the first outer surface 112 precisely matches the stepped portion formed by the first inner surface 122, the first stepped surface 123, and the second inner surface 124, achieving positioning between the first cylinder 110 and the vertical plate 120. Therefore, this technical solution achieves precise positioning between the first cylinder 110 and the vertical plate 120 by setting a stepped portion on the inner edge of the vertical plate 120 and designing a corresponding mating structure at the first end of the first cylinder 110. This technical solution not only improves the convenience and efficiency of the assembly process but also ensures the structural stability and sealing between the first cylinder 110 and the vertical plate 120.

[0041] Optionally, the concentricity between the first cylinder 110 and the vertical plate 120 is 0.05-0.2 mm; the perpendicularity between the first cylinder 110 and the vertical plate 120 is 0.1 mm; and the radial and axial clearances between the first cylinder 110 and the vertical plate 120 are 0.05-0.1 mm. Thus, this technical solution controls the concentricity between the first cylinder 110 and the vertical plate 120 within the range of 0.05-0.2 mm, effectively avoiding stress concentration and structural instability caused by eccentricity, ensuring that the X-ray tube is evenly stressed during operation, and extending its service life. Furthermore, setting the perpendicularity between the first cylinder 110 and the vertical plate 120 to 0.1 mm means that they must maintain a high degree of perpendicularity at the contact surface, which helps reduce deformation that may occur during welding. Furthermore, the radial and axial clearances between the first cylindrical body 110 and the vertical plate 120 are limited to between 0.05 and 0.1 mm. This ensures adequate freedom between components to accommodate physical changes such as thermal expansion, while preventing leakage or vibration problems that may result from excessive clearances, thus balancing the requirements for sealing and flexibility. Therefore, this technical solution ensures precise alignment and stable connection of the split-welded X-ray tube metal shell 100 during assembly by strictly controlling the concentricity, perpendicularity, and radial and axial clearances between the first cylindrical body 110 and the vertical plate 120.

[0042] Optionally, refer to Figure 3As shown, the first outer surface 112 and the first plate surface 121 are welded at their intersection using the first solder 141, thus achieving spot welding at multiple locations at the intersection. Similarly, the third inner surface 113 and the second inner surface 124 of the first cylinder 110 are welded at their adjacent points using the second solder 142, resulting in a full-circle weld between the third inner surface 113 and the second inner surface 124. This technical solution, by using spot welding at the junction of the inner and outer surface components of the tube shell and full-circle welding at the junction of the outer surface and inner surface, ensures a strong connection between the first cylinder and the vertical plate. This multi-point and comprehensive welding method effectively enhances the stability and vibration resistance of the overall structure. Furthermore, the full-circle welding of the inner surface greatly improves the sealing performance of the X-ray tube's metal shell.

[0043] Optionally, the second end face 131 of the second end of the second cylinder 130 is formed with a stepped portion, so that the second cylinder 130 includes a fourth inner surface 132 and a fifth inner surface 134, wherein the inner diameter of the fourth inner surface 132 is larger than the inner diameter of the fifth inner surface 134, and the fourth inner surface 132 and the fifth inner surface 134 are connected by a second stepped surface 133, wherein the second outer side surface 125 of the vertical plate 120 mates with the fourth inner surface 132, and the second plate surface 126 of the vertical plate 120 opposite to the first plate surface 121 mates with the second stepped surface 133, thereby realizing the positioning between the vertical plate 120 and the second cylinder 130.

[0044] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 As shown, the second end face of the second cylinder 130 for connection with the vertical plate 120 includes a fourth inner surface 132, a second stepped surface 133, and a fifth inner surface 134. The fourth inner surface 132 and the fifth inner surface 134 are connected by the second stepped surface 133, thereby forming a stepped portion. The inner diameter of the fourth inner surface 132 is larger than the inner diameter of the fifth inner surface 134. The second outer surface 125 of the vertical plate 120 mates with the fourth inner surface 132, and the second plate surface 126 of the vertical plate 120, which is opposite to the first plate surface 121, mates with the second stepped surface 133. Thus, the stepped portion formed by the second outer surface 125 and the second plate surface 126 perfectly matches the stepped portion formed by the fourth inner surface 132, the second stepped surface 133, and the fifth inner surface 134, achieving positioning between the vertical plate 120 and the second cylinder 130. Thus, this technical solution achieves precise alignment and stable connection between the vertical plate 120 and the second cylinder 130 by setting a stepped portion on the second end face of the second cylinder 130 and cooperating with the corresponding structure on the vertical plate 120. This design not only simplifies the assembly process and improves production efficiency, but also ensures the structural stability and sealing performance between the second cylinder 130 and the vertical plate 120.

[0045] Optionally, the concentricity of the assembly between the second cylinder 130 and the vertical plate 120 is 0.05-0.2 mm; the perpendicularity between the second cylinder 130 and the vertical plate 120 is 0.1 mm; and the radial and axial fit clearances between the second cylinder 130 and the vertical plate 120 are 0.05-0.1 mm.

[0046] Therefore, this technical solution effectively avoids stress concentration and structural instability caused by eccentricity by controlling the concentricity of the assembly between the second cylinder 130 and the vertical plate 120 within the range of 0.05-0.2mm, ensuring that the X-ray tube can be evenly stressed during operation and extending its service life. Furthermore, setting the perpendicularity between the second cylinder 130 and the vertical plate 120 to 0.1mm means that they must maintain a high degree of perpendicularity at the contact surface, which helps reduce deformation that may occur during welding. This technical solution also limits the radial and axial fit clearances between the second cylinder 130 and the vertical plate 120 to between 0.05-0.1mm, ensuring adequate freedom between parts to accommodate physical changes such as thermal expansion, while preventing leakage or vibration problems that may result from excessive clearances. Moreover, by strictly controlling the concentricity, perpendicularity, and radial and axial fit clearances between the second cylinder 130 and the vertical plate 120, this technical solution ensures precise alignment and stable connection of the split-welded X-ray tube metal shell during assembly.

[0047] Optionally, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the second end face 131 of the second cylinder 130 is welded to the first plate face 121 at their adjacent locations using a third solder 143, thus achieving spot welding at multiple points along the adjacent locations. Furthermore, the fifth inner surface 134 of the second cylinder 130 is welded to the second plate face 126 at their intersection using a fourth solder 144, resulting in a full-circle weld at the intersection of the fifth inner surface 134 and the second plate face 126. This technical solution, by using spot welding at the junction of the inner and outer surface components of the tube shell and full-circle welding at the junction of the outer surface and inner surface, ensures a strong connection between the second cylinder 130 and the vertical plate 120. This multi-point and comprehensive welding method effectively enhances the stability and vibration resistance of the overall structure. Furthermore, the full-circle welding of the inner surface greatly improves the sealing performance of the X-ray tube's metal shell.

[0048] The welding methods can include laser welding or vacuum brazing.

[0049] During laser welding, the welding machine parameters are: power 20W, spot diameter 1mm;

[0050] During vacuum brazing, the vacuum level is 1E-3Pa, the temperature is 800℃, and the solder is AgCu28.

[0051] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0052] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0053] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A split-welded X-ray tube metal tube housing (100), characterized in that include: The first cylinder (110), the vertical plate (120), and the second cylinder (130), wherein The vertical plate (120) is an annular plate, and in which The first end of the first cylinder (110) is welded to the inner edge of the vertical plate (120), and the second end of the second cylinder (130) is welded to the outer edge of the vertical plate (120).

2. The X-ray tube metal envelope (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that The inner edge of the vertical plate (120) has a stepped portion formed on the first plate surface (121) opposite to the first cylinder (110), so that the vertical plate (120) includes an adjacent first inner surface (122) and a second inner surface (124), wherein the inner diameter of the first inner surface (122) is larger than the inner diameter of the second inner surface (124), and the first inner surface (122) and the second inner surface (124) are connected by a first stepped surface (123). Wherein, the first end face (111) of the first cylinder (110) at the first end cooperates with the first step surface (123), and the first outer side surface (112) of the first cylinder (110) at the first end cooperates with the first inner surface (122) to realize the positioning between the first cylinder (110) and the vertical plate (120).

3. The metal casing (100) of the X-ray tube according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concentricity of the assembly between the first cylindrical body (110) and the vertical plate (120) is 0.05-0.2 mm; The perpendicularity between the first cylindrical body (110) and the vertical plate (120) is 0.1 mm; and The radial and axial clearances between the first cylinder (110) and the vertical plate (120) are 0.05-0.1 mm.

4. The metal casing (100) of the X-ray tube according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first outer surface (112) and the first plate surface (121) are welded together at their intersection using a first solder (141); and The third inner surface (113) of the first cylinder (110) is welded to the second inner surface (124) at the adjacent point by a second solder (142).

5. The X-ray tube metal can (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that The second cylindrical body (130) has a stepped portion formed on its second end face (131) at the second end, thereby the second cylindrical body (130) includes a fourth inner surface (132) and a fifth inner surface (134), wherein the inner diameter of the fourth inner surface (132) is larger than the inner diameter of the fifth inner surface (134), and the fourth inner surface (132) and the fifth inner surface (134) are connected by a second stepped surface (133). The second outer side (125) of the vertical plate (120) is engaged with the fourth inner surface (132), and the second plate surface (126) of the vertical plate (120) opposite to the first plate surface (121) is engaged with the second step surface (133) to realize the positioning between the vertical plate (120) and the second cylinder (130).

6. The metal casing (100) of the X-ray tube according to claim 5, characterized in that, The concentricity of the assembly between the second cylinder (130) and the vertical plate (120) is 0.05-0.2 mm; The perpendicularity between the second cylinder (130) and the vertical plate (120) is 0.1 mm; and The radial and axial clearances between the second cylinder (130) and the vertical plate (120) are 0.05-0.1 mm.

7. The metal casing (100) of the X-ray tube according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second end face (131) of the second cylinder (130) is welded to the first plate face (121) at the adjacent point by a third solder (143); and The fifth inner surface (134) of the second cylinder (130) is welded to the second plate surface (126) at the intersection by a fourth solder (144).

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