UPS and power supply system

Abstract

A UPS and a power supply system are used for prolonging the service life of devices and reducing the loss of the UPS. The UPS comprises a first switch module, a rectifier, a second switch module, a DC bus and a controller. The first end of the first switch module is connected with an alternating current power supply, and the second end of the first switch module is connected with the input end of the rectifier; two ports of the first end of the second switch module are used for being connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack respectively, two ports of the second end of the second switch module are used for being connected with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the battery pack respectively, and the third end of the second switch module is connected with the input end of the rectifier; the output end of the rectifier is connected with the direct-current bus; the controller is connected with the second switch module, and is used for controlling the connection between the first end and the third end of the second switch module, or controlling the connection between the second end and the third end of the second switch module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a UPS and power supply system. Background Technology

[0002] Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are a core component of data centers, playing a crucial role in maintaining power reliability. UPS primarily operate in either grid-powered or battery-powered mode. In grid-powered mode, the rectifier and inverter within the UPS convert electrical energy from the grid into the power required by the load. In battery-powered mode, the discharger and inverter convert the energy stored in the battery pack into the power required by the load. Currently, to improve the utilization rate of components within the UPS, the industry typically reuses the rectifier required for grid-powered operation and the discharger required for battery-powered operation.

[0003] When the discharger and rectifier in the UPS module are reused and the UPS device is operating in battery power mode, some power devices in the reused rectifier will always be in working state, while some devices will be in idle state. The devices in working state have higher losses and higher junction temperatures, resulting in a reduced service life. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides a UPS and power supply system for improving the lifespan of devices and reducing UPS losses.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a UPS, which can be powered by an external AC power source and can also be connected to an external battery pack or have an internally configured battery. The UPS may include: a first switching module, a rectifier, a second switching module, a DC bus, and a controller.

[0006] The first terminal of the first switch module is connected to an AC power source, and the second terminal of the first switch module is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. Two ports on the first terminal of the second switch module are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack, respectively. Two ports on the second terminal of the second switch module are connected to the negative and positive terminals of the battery pack, respectively. The third terminal of the second switch module is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. The output terminal of the rectifier is connected to the DC bus. The controller is connected to the second switch module and is used to control the connection between the first and third terminals of the second switch module, or to control the connection between the second and third terminals of the second switch module.

[0007] Using the above design, the controller can control the connection between the first and third terminals of the second switching module, or the connection between the second and third terminals of the second switching module, to control the connection between the battery pack and the rectifier. When the AC power supply is fault-free, the controller can close the first switching module and open the second switching module to use AC power. When the AC power supply fails, the controller can open the first switching module and alternately connect the third terminal of the second switching module to the first and second terminals. Since the battery pack connected to the first and second terminals of the second switching module has opposite polarities, the power from the battery pack passes through different components when it passes through the rectifier. This effectively avoids situations where some components are idle due to battery polarity failure. Furthermore, because the power passes through different components alternately, the lifespan of the components can be effectively extended, and UPS losses can be reduced.

[0008] In one possible design, the first switch module includes a first switch corresponding to each phase line of the AC power supply. By controlling the opening and closing of the first switch, the electrical connection between the AC power supply and the rectifier can be controlled.

[0009] In one possible design, the second switch module has a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit.

[0010] Specifically, the first terminal of the first switching circuit is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, the second terminal of the first switching circuit is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the third terminal of the first switching circuit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier; the first terminal of the second switching circuit is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, the second terminal of the second switching circuit is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the third terminal of the second switching circuit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier.

[0011] In this design, the first and second terminals of the first switching circuit constitute the first terminal of the second switching module, the first and second terminals of the second switching circuit constitute the second terminal of the second switching module, and the third terminals of the first and second switching circuits constitute the third terminal of the second switching module. By alternately controlling the first and second switching circuits to conduct, the polarity of the battery pack connected to the rectifier input can be reproduced. Therefore, the currents on the lines of the two rectifiers are opposite and can flow to different switching devices within the rectifier, thereby avoiding the reduction in device lifespan and minimizing device losses caused by continuously using fixed devices.

[0012] In one possible design, if the rectifier is an interleaved parallel PFC circuit, the input terminal of the interleaved parallel PFC circuit has a first port and a second port corresponding one-to-one with each phase line of the AC power supply. Each first port and each second port are connected to the third terminal of the second switching module. The first switching circuit includes a second switch corresponding one-to-one with each first port and a third switch corresponding one-to-one with each second port. The second switching circuit includes a fourth switch corresponding one-to-one with each first port and a fifth switch corresponding one-to-one with each second port.

[0013] In this design, the first terminal of each second switch is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second terminal of each second switch is connected to the corresponding first port; the first terminal of each third switch is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second terminal of each third switch is connected to the corresponding second port; the first terminal of each fourth switch is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second terminal of each fourth switch is connected to the corresponding first port; the first terminal of each fifth switch is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second terminal of each fifth switch is connected to the corresponding second port. With this design, since the interleaved parallel PFC circuit is configured with two bridge arms operating at a 180° phase shift for each single-phase AC power in the three-phase AC power, the parallel PFC circuit receives two ports for each single-phase AC power in the three-phase AC power. These two ports can be connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack via the second and third switches respectively, or to the negative and positive terminals of the battery pack via the fourth and fifth switches respectively, thereby controlling the direction of the line current flow on the rectifier in the battery pack power supply mode.

[0014] In one possible design, if the rectifier is a single-phase rectifier or the rectifier is a three-phase rectifier, and the second switching module is connected to two ports of the input terminal of the three-phase rectifier, the first switching circuit includes a second switch and a third switch, and the second switching circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch.

[0015] Wherein, the first end of the second switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of the second switch is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier; the first end of the third switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of the third switch is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier; the first end of the fourth switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of the fourth switch is connected to the second end of the second switch; the first end of the fifth switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of the fifth switch is connected to the second end of the third switch.

[0016] In one possible design, if the rectifier is a single-phase rectifier or a three-phase rectifier, and the second switch module is connected to two ports of the input terminal of the three-phase rectifier, the second switch module includes a sixth switch and a seventh switch. The sixth and seventh switches can be three-port switching devices, such as single-pole double-throw switches.

[0017] Specifically, the first end of the sixth switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, the second end of the sixth switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the third end of the sixth switch is connected to one port of the second switch module connected to the rectifier; the first end of the seventh switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, the second end of the seventh switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the third end of the seventh switch is connected to another port of the second switch module connected to the rectifier.

[0018] In one possible design, the controller is specifically used to: when the AC power supply fails, control the third terminal of the second switching module to alternately connect with the first and second terminals of the second switching module.

[0019] In one possible design, the UPS also includes a battery pack.

[0020] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a power supply system capable of meeting the power supply requirements of high-power power supply scenarios. This power supply system includes at least one UPS as provided in the first aspect of this application and any possible design. When the power supply system is applied to a high-power power supply scenario, multiple UPSs can be configured in the system, and the multiple UPSs are connected in parallel. Each UPS receives and processes a portion of the power, thereby increasing the power level of the power supply system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a commonly used UPS structure in the industry. Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a commonly used UPS structure in the industry. Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a commonly used UPS structure in the industry. Figure 3 ;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a commonly used UPS structure in the industry. Figure 4 ;

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a UPS provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ;

[0027] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first switch module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first switch module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first switch module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0030] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second switch module provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second switch module provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second switch module provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 ;

[0033] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second switch module provided in this application embodiment. Figure 4 ;

[0034] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of a UPS provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 . Detailed Implementation

[0035] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] The terminology used in the implementation section of this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0038] The following explanations of some terms used in the embodiments of this application are provided to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0039] (1) In the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0040] (2) In this application embodiment, the controllable switching device refers to a device whose switching on or off can be controlled by an electrical signal. For example, the controllable switching device can be one or more of various types of switching transistors, such as relays, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), silicon carbide (SiC) transistors, and silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs). This application embodiment will not list them all. The packaging form of each switching transistor can be a single-transistor package or a multi-transistor package; this application embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this. Each switching transistor can include a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the control terminal is used to control the switching transistor's on or off state. When the switching transistor is on, current can be transmitted between the first terminal and the second terminal; when the switching transistor is off, current cannot be transmitted between the first terminal and the second terminal. Taking MOSFET as an example, the control terminal of the switching transistor is the gate. The first terminal of the switching transistor can be the source and the second terminal can be the drain, or the first terminal can be the drain and the second terminal can be the source.

[0041] (3) In the embodiments of this application, "connection" can be understood as an electrical connection or a communication connection. An electrical connection between two electrical components can be a direct or indirect connection between the two electrical components. For example, A and B can be connected directly, or indirectly through one or more other electrical components, such as A and B being connected. Alternatively, A can be directly connected to C, and C can be directly connected to B, with A and B connected through C. A communication connection between two electrical components is a wireless connection between the two electrical components, that is, an electromagnetic connection between the two electrical components.

[0042] (4) Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC). In this embodiment, DC refers to an electrical form in which electrical energy is conducted in a circuit along a constant direction. The direction of energy conduction is also called phase, and the phase of DC can be either positive or negative. The energy intensity of most DC is fixed, but in some special DC types (such as pulsed DC), the energy intensity changes over time. Energy intensity is also called current amplitude. Common DC power sources include dry cell batteries, storage batteries, or DC generators. In this embodiment, AC refers to an electrical form in which electrical energy is conducted in a circuit along a periodically changing direction. The energy intensity of most AC also changes periodically over time. The periodic change in the conduction direction of AC is defined by its frequency. The higher the frequency of AC, the faster the AC can change its conduction direction; the lower the frequency, the slower the AC can change its conduction direction. Common AC power sources include mains power, industrial and agricultural power, and residential power.

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are applied to equipment that needs to maintain power supply for a period of time when the power supply is disconnected. For example, when a data center suddenly loses power, in order to prevent the loss of important data, a UPS is generally configured in the data center. The UPS can provide power when the power grid or other power supply fails, and the data center can complete the storage of important data during the power supply period.

[0044] The aforementioned equipment includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, robots, lighting equipment, industrial equipment, and smart factory equipment. The vehicles provided in this application embodiment may include one or more different types of transport vehicles or movable objects that operate or move on land (e.g., highways, roads, railways, etc.), water surface (e.g., waterways, rivers, oceans, etc.), or space. For example, vehicles may include trains, subways, airplanes, ships, aircraft, or other types of transport vehicles or movable objects.

[0045] In practical applications, in order to reduce the size of UPS, the industry currently adopts a solution that reuses the battery pack discharger and rectifier. This eliminates the need to configure a separate discharger for the battery pack, thereby reducing the component cost and size of the UPS.

[0046] See Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates a UPS structure where the rectifier and battery pack discharger are multiplexed. Figure 1 As shown, the input terminal of the rectifier can be connected to a three-phase AC power supply via switches K1 to K3, and to a battery pack via switches K4 and K5. The three-phase AC power output can be considered as consisting of phase A, phase B, and phase C AC power.

[0047] Practical applications, Figure 1 The rectifier in this UPS uses the industry-standard three-phase Vienna PFC circuit topology. Other rectifier topologies can also be used, for example, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The diagram shows two structural schematics of rectifiers using interleaved parallel PFC circuits, as shown below. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, each phase line transmitting A-phase AC, B-phase AC, and C-phase AC is equipped with two power receiving ports. The switching transistors in the single-phase bridge arms corresponding to the two ports can operate 180° out of phase when receiving AC power, and the two ports are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack respectively through a pair of switches. Of course, other commonly used three-phase rectifier topologies can also be selected for the rectifier. In addition, when the power supply in the UPS scenario is a single-phase AC power supply, the rectifier in the UPS can also be configured with other rectifier topologies, for example, see [reference needed]. Figure 3 The diagram shows a schematic of a single-phase rectifier. The input terminal of the rectifier can be connected to the phase line L that transmits single-phase AC power through switch K1, the input terminal of the rectifier can be connected to the neutral line N through switch K2, and the input terminal of the rectifier can be connected to the battery pack through switches K3 and K4. Of course, the UPS can also use other single-phase rectifier topologies commonly used in the industry, which will not be described in detail here.

[0048] It should be noted that, Figures 1 to 3 The UPS structure shown is only an example. In practice, a UPS may also include other components, such as a circuit breaker connected between the UPS and an external AC power source, and an inverter connected between the DC bus and the load. The inverter can convert the electrical energy from the DC bus into AC power to supply power to the load. Figures 1 to 3In the UPS structure shown, the DC bus is composed of bus capacitor C1 and bus capacitor C2 connected in series. In actual use, the DC bus can also be composed of a single bus capacitor. Of course, the DC bus can also adopt other structures with the above functions in the industry. This application does not impose any restrictions here.

[0049] If adopted Figure 2 The UPS structure shown allows for the closing of switches K1 to K3 and the opening of switches K4 to K9 when the AC power supply is normal. At this time, the rectifier receives and rectifies the three-phase AC power output from the three-phase AC power supply. If using... Figure 3 The UPS structure shown allows for the closing of control switches K1 to K6 and the opening of control switches K7 to K12 when the AC power supply is normal. In this state, the rectifier receives and rectifies the three-phase AC power output from the three-phase AC power supply. When the three-phase AC power supply fails, if... Figure 2 The UPS structure shown allows control switches K1 to K3 to be opened, and some switches K4 to K9 to be closed. In this state, the rectifier receives power from the battery pack and performs a voltage boosting operation. If using... Figure 3 The UPS structure shown can control switches K1 to K6 to open and control switches K7 to K12 to close.

[0050] In practical use, the battery pack's power supply process can include an energy storage phase and a power supply phase. Taking phase A AC power as an example, if... Figure 2 The rectifier structure shown illustrates that, during the energy storage phase, the battery pack's energy originates from the positive terminal, passes sequentially through switch K4, inductor L1, switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q12, Q11, inductor L6, and switch K9, and returns to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The battery pack stores energy for inductors L1 and L6. During the power supply phase, the battery pack's energy originates from the positive terminal, passes sequentially through switch K4, inductor L1, diode D1, bus capacitor C1, bus capacitor C2, diode D12, inductor L6, and switch K9, and returns to the negative terminal of the battery pack. If... Figure 3 The rectifier structure shown illustrates that, during the energy storage phase, the electrical energy from the battery pack originates at the positive terminal, passes sequentially through switch K7, inductor L1, switching transistors Q1, Q2, Q8, Q7, inductor L4, and switch K10, and returns to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The battery pack stores energy for inductors L1 and L4. During the power supply phase, the energy originates at the positive terminal of the battery pack, passes sequentially through switching transistor K7, inductor L1, diode D1, bus capacitor C1, bus capacitor C2, diode D8, inductor L4, and switch K10, and returns to the negative terminal of the battery pack.

[0051] It should be noted that when using Figure 2In the rectifier structure shown, if all switches K4 to K9 are closed, the battery pack's electrical energy will be short-circuited through the path formed by the closed switches. Therefore, when the battery pack is supplying power, only two switches can be closed, and the phase lines connected to the two switches must be different.

[0052] Based on the above description, although the rectifier is reused in the battery pack power supply process, if a rectifier is used during the power supply phase... Figure 2 In the rectifier shown, diodes D1 and D12 are always active, while diodes D2 and D11 are always idle. If using... Figure 3 In the rectifier shown, diodes D1 and D8 are always active, while diodes D2 and D7 are always idle. This reduces the lifespan of diodes D1 and D8, or D1 and D12, and increases the UPS's power consumption.

[0053] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a UPS and power supply system for improving the service life of devices and reducing UPS losses.

[0054] See Figure 5 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of a UPS provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, a UPS may include a first switching module, a rectifier, a second switching module, a DC bus, and a controller.

[0055] The first switch module has a first terminal connected to an AC power source and a second terminal connected to the input terminal of a rectifier. The second switch module has two ports, a1 and a2, with port a1 connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack and port a2 connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The second switch module also has two ports, b1 and b2, with port b1 connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack and port b2 connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. The third terminal of the second switch module is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. The output terminal of the rectifier is connected to a DC bus. A controller is connected to the second switch module and is used to control the connection between the first and third terminals of the second switch module, or to control the connection between the second and third terminals of the second switch module.

[0056] In practical applications, the aforementioned controller can also control the operation of other components within the UPS. For example, it can control the switching on and off of the first switching module and the switching devices within the rectifier. Other controllers can also be configured within the UPS to control the switching on and off of the first switching module and the switching devices within the rectifier.

[0057] The number of input terminals of the rectifier, the first switching module, and the first switching module can be set according to the type of external AC power supply. For example, when the UPS is connected to a three-phase AC power supply using a three-wire three-phase transmission system, the number of ports for these three terminals can be three. When the UPS is connected to a single-phase AC power supply, the number of ports for these three terminals can be two.

[0058] It should be understood that, Figure 5 The UPS shown is just an example, and UPSs can have more features than... Figure 5 The UPS may contain more or fewer components; for example, the DC bus consisting of bus capacitors C1 and C2 within the UPS can be connected to an inverter. This inverter can connect to an external load and supply power to the connected load. The inverter can be a standard circuit topology with inverter functionality, which will not be discussed further here. The bus capacitors can be composed of bus capacitors C1 and C2 connected in series, or they can be a single bus capacitor. Alternatively, other standard components can be used, which will also not be discussed further here.

[0059] The AC power source can be the power grid or other power sources, including but not limited to: urban power grids, microgrids, residential power grids, industrial power grids, etc. Other power sources can be, but are not limited to: new energy power generation systems, diesel generators, etc.

[0060] See Figure 5 As shown, an external AC power supply can be connected to the input terminal of the rectifier through the first switching module, and an external or internally configured battery pack can be connected to the input terminal of the rectifier through the second switching module. When the AC power supply is normal, the first switching module can be controlled to conduct, forming an electrical connection between the AC power supply and the rectifier. At this time, the rectifier receives AC power from the AC power supply and rectifies it into DC power to supply the DC bus. When the AC power supply fails, the connection between the third terminal of the second switching module and the first terminal, as well as the connection between the third terminal and the second terminal, can be controlled alternately. Since the battery packs connected to the two ports a1 and a1 of the first terminal of the second switching module and the two ports b1 and b2 of the second terminal have opposite polarities, when the third terminal of the second switching module is controlled to connect to the first and second terminals respectively, the direction of power transmission on the line is opposite. This allows different diodes in the rectifier to conduct, improving the service life of the components. In addition, since the power passes through different components in a time-sharing manner during battery power supply, the problem of reduced service life of some components can be effectively solved, reducing the component losses of the UPS.

[0061] In practical applications, both the first and second switch modules include multiple switching devices. These switching devices can be controllable switches used to switch the rectifier's power supply, ensuring AC power when it is normal and switching the rectifier's power supply to the battery pack when the AC power fails, thus guaranteeing the UPS's power supply stability. The control terminals of these switching devices are connected to a controller, which can control the switching devices to turn on and off by sending corresponding level signals.

[0062] The structure of the rectifier can be found in [reference needed]. Figures 1 to 4 The rectifier topology shown can be used, or other circuit topologies with rectification functions in the industry can be selected. The following examples illustrate this. Figures 2 to 4 Taking the single-phase rectifier topology shown as an example, and combining the structures of the first and second switching modules, the process of AC power supply and battery pack power supply is explained in detail.

[0063] I. First Switch Module

[0064] The first terminal of the first switching module is connected to an external AC power supply, and the second terminal is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. The first switching module can control the connection and disconnection of the AC power supply and the rectifier. When the AC power supply is normal, the first switching module is conductive, forming an electrical connection between the AC power supply and the rectifier, and supplying power to the UPS. When the AC power supply fails, the first switching module disconnects the AC power supply from the rectifier, thereby preventing the fault from spreading.

[0065] Specifically, the first switch module includes a first switch K1 corresponding to each phase line of the AC power supply. Figure 6 For UPS Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of one type of the first switching module in a three-phase rectifier topology. Figure 7 For UPS Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of the first switching module in a single-phase rectifier topology.

[0066] It should be noted that, Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the diagram showing the internal components of the UPS, the battery pack is located outside the UPS. In actual applications, the UPS can also have a built-in battery pack.

[0067] In one example, to achieve control of each single-phase rectifier bridge arm, see [link to example]. Figure 8 As shown, the first switch module may also include a second switch K2 corresponding to each phase line. The three first switches can be connected to inductors L1 to L3 respectively, and the three second switches can be connected to inductors L4 to L6 respectively, thereby controlling the electrical connection between each single-phase rectifier bridge arm and the AC power supply.

[0068] In practical applications, the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 can be selected from commonly used electrical control switching devices in the industry. Since the UPS is powered by an external AC power source most of the time, the first switch K1 in this application can preferably be a relay or a contactor. To facilitate understanding of the technical solution claimed in this application, the following will use... Figure 7 The first switch module structure shown is used as an example for explanation.

[0069] II. Second Switch Module

[0070] The second switch module may have a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal. The two ports a1 and a2 of the first terminal of the second switch module are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack, respectively. The two ports b1 and b2 of the second terminal of the second switch module are connected to the negative and positive terminals of the battery pack, respectively. The third terminal of the second switch module is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier.

[0071] In practical applications, based on the UPS application scenarios provided in the embodiments of this application, the input terminal of the rectifier circuit can be configured with different numbers of ports. See also Figure 4 As shown, when the UPS provided in this embodiment is applied to a scenario where a single-phase AC power supply is used, the rectifier input terminal has two ports, and the two ports of the third terminal of the second switching module are connected to the two ports of the rectifier input terminal respectively. See also Figures 1 to 3 As shown, if the UPS provided in this embodiment is applied to a scenario where a three-phase AC power supply is used, then the rectifier is a three-phase rectifier. The input terminal of the three-phase rectifier can have three or six ports. For example, when the three-phase AC power supply uses a three-phase three-wire system to transmit power, the input terminal of the rectifier has three or six ports for receiving three-phase AC power. If the three-phase AC power supply uses a three-phase four-phase system to transmit power, the input terminal of the rectifier has three or six ports for receiving three-phase AC power. The rectifier also includes a port for connecting to the neutral line. If the UPS uses... Figure 1 The rectifier structure shown allows for the configuration of two ports on the third port of the second switching module, and these two ports can be connected to any two of the three ports receiving three-phase AC power. If the UPS uses... Figure 2 or Figure 3 The three-phase rectifier structure shown takes the two ports corresponding to the single-phase rectifier bridge arm connected to each phase line transmitting three-phase AC power as the first port and the second port. Then the rectifier has three first ports and three second ports to receive electrical energy. Therefore, the third end of the second switch module needs to be configured with six ports to connect to the three first ports and three second ports respectively.

[0072] In practical applications, depending on the type of switching device in the second switching module, the second switching module can have multiple circuit topologies. For ease of understanding, a specific example of the second switching module is given below.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] The second switch module includes a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit. The first terminal of the first switch circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, the second terminal of the first switch circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the third terminal of the first switch circuit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier; the first terminal of the second switch circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack, the second terminal of the second switch circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the third terminal of the second switch circuit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier.

[0075] In practical applications, controlling the on and off states of the first switching circuit controls the electrical connection between the first and third terminals of the second switching module. Similarly, controlling the on and off states of the second switching circuit controls the electrical connection between the second and third terminals of the second switching module.

[0076] The first and second switching circuits can employ existing switching devices. The first switching circuit includes at least one second switch and at least one third switch, and the second switching circuit includes at least one fourth switch and at least one fifth switch. If the rectifier is a single-phase rectifier or a three-phase rectifier, and the second switching module is connected to two ports of the three-phase rectifier input, then the second switching module is connected to two rectifier ports. The first switching circuit may include one second switch K2 and one third switch K3, and the second switching circuit includes one fourth switch K4 and one fifth switch K5.

[0077] Specifically, see Figure 9 As shown, the first end of the second switch K2 forms port a1 of the first terminal of the second switch module and is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. The second end of the second switch K2 is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. The first end of the third switch K3 forms port a2 of the first terminal of the second switch module and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The second end of the third switch K3 is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. The first end of the fourth switch K4 forms port b1 of the second terminal of the second switch module and is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The second end of the fourth switch K4 is connected to the second end of the second switch K2. The first end of the fifth switch K5 forms port b2 of the second terminal of the second switch module and is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. The second end of the fifth switch K5 is connected to the second end of the third switch K3.

[0078] It should be noted that the following is adopted: Figure 9 The second switch module structure shown can be applied to scenarios where the UPS is connected to a single-phase AC power supply, or to scenarios where it is connected to a three-phase AC power supply, and can be used in conjunction with... Figure 1 The two bridge arms of the three-phase rectifier shown are connected.

[0079] See also Figure 9 As shown, when the controller detects a single-phase AC power supply or an AC power supply fault, it can control the second switch K2 and the third switch K3, as well as the fourth switch K4 and the fifth switch K5, to conduct alternately to utilize the battery pack's energy to power the rectifier. The battery pack power supply process can include an energy storage stage and a power supply stage. Taking the first control of the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 as an example, in the energy storage stage, the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 are controlled to conduct, as are the switching transistors Q1 to Q4 in the rectifier. At this time, the battery pack's energy is output from the positive terminal, passing sequentially through the second switch K2, inductor L1, switching transistors Q1 to Q4, inductor L2, and the third switch K3, and returning to the negative terminal of the battery pack. During the conduction time of switching transistors Q1 to Q4, inductors L1 and L2 utilize the battery pack's energy for energy storage. When inductors L1 and L2 are conducting, the energy is stored in the battery pack. 2. After energy storage is complete, the system transitions from the energy storage stage to the power supply stage. At this time, control switches Q1 to Q4 are turned off, and the battery pack's electrical energy is output from the positive terminal, passing sequentially through the second switch K2, inductor L1, diode D1, bus capacitor C1, bus capacitor C2, diode D4, inductor L2, and the third switch K3 before returning to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The battery pack's electrical energy is superimposed with the electrical energy stored in inductors L1 and L2 and then output to the rectifier. This results in the rectifier's output voltage having a higher amplitude than the battery pack's rated voltage, thus completing the boost operation.

[0080] See also Figure 9As shown, after the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 are turned on for a period of time, the fourth switch K4 and the fifth switch K5 are turned on and the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 are turned off. During the energy storage stage, the switching transistors Q1 to Q4 in the rectifier are turned on. At this time, the power of the battery pack is output from the positive terminal, passing through the fifth switch K5, inductor L2, switching transistors Q1 to Q4, inductor L1 and the fourth switch K4 in sequence, and returning to the negative terminal of the battery pack. During the time that the switching transistors Q1 to Q4 are turned on, inductors L1 and L2 store energy using the power of the battery pack. When inductors L1 and L2 have finished storing energy, the stage changes from energy storage to power supply. At this time, the switching transistors Q1 to Q4 are turned off, and the power of the battery pack is output from the positive terminal, passing through the fifth switch K5, inductor L2, diode D3, bus capacitor C1, bus capacitor C2, diode D2, inductor L1 and the fourth switch K4 in sequence, and returning to the negative terminal of the battery pack. After the fourth switch K4 and the fifth switch K5 have been conducting for a period of time, the second switch K2 and the third switch K3, as well as the fourth switch K4 and the fifth switch K5, continue to be controlled to be turned off. This process of alternatingly controlling the second switch K2 and the third switch K3, and the fourth switch K4 and the fifth switch K5, continues until the external power supply to the UPS is restored to normal. During the battery power supply process, when the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 are conducting, electrical energy passes through diodes D1 and D4; while when the fourth switch K4 and the fifth switch K5 are conducting, electrical energy passes through diodes D2 and D3. Therefore, this time-sharing alternating switching method avoids the problem of reduced device lifespan caused by continuously channeling electrical energy to a single device during battery power supply.

[0081] In practical applications, the conduction durations of the second switch K2 and the third switch K3, as well as the conduction durations of the fourth switch K4 and the fifth switch K5, can be the same. However, based on differences in the components or the installation location of the UPS heat dissipation components, the conduction durations of the second switch K2 and the third switch K3, as well as the conduction durations of the fourth switch K4 and the fifth switch K5, can also be different. The conduction durations of the second switch K2 and the third switch K3, as well as the conduction durations of the fourth switch K4 and the fifth switch K5, can be configured according to the application scenario of the UPS and the component parameters. This application will not go into further detail here.

[0082] It should be noted that, Figure 9 This is only one structural topology for the second switching module of a UPS connected to a single-phase AC power supply. In practical applications, depending on the type of external power supply to the UPS and the circuit topology of the rectifier, the second switching module can also have other circuit topologies. For example, when the rectifier inside the UPS is an interleaved parallel PFC circuit, the input terminals of the interleaved parallel PFC circuit have a first port and a second port corresponding one-to-one with each phase line of the AC power supply. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 and Figure 3The rectifier structure shown has inductors L1 and L4 forming the first and second ports for transmitting phase A AC power, inductors L2 and L5 forming the first and second ports for transmitting phase B AC power, and inductors L3 and L6 forming the first and second ports for transmitting phase C AC power. The first switching circuit includes a second switch corresponding to each first port and a third switch corresponding to each second port. The second switching circuit includes a fourth switch corresponding to each first port and a fifth switch corresponding to each second port.

[0083] The first terminal of each second switch K2 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second terminal of each second switch K2 is connected to the corresponding first port; the first terminal of each third switch K3 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second terminal of each third switch K3 is connected to the corresponding second port; the first terminal of each fourth switch K4 is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second terminal of each fourth switch K4 is connected to the corresponding first port; the first terminal of each fifth switch K5 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second terminal of each fifth switch K5 is connected to the corresponding second port. Figure 2 and Figure 3 Taking the rectifier structure shown as an example, the structure of the second switching module is as follows: Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the multiple switches connected to port a1 are the second switches, the multiple switches connected to port b1 are the third switches, the multiple switches connected to port a2 are the fourth switches, and the multiple switches connected to port b2 are the fifth switches. Figure 10 As shown, two switches are configured on each phase line transmitting three-phase AC power, and the battery packs connected to these switches have opposite polarities. The direction of current in the line can be controlled by turning these switches on and off, thereby improving device utilization and preventing power from continuously flowing to fixed devices and causing overheating. This extends device lifespan and reduces UPS energy consumption. Of course, depending on different rectifier topologies, the second switch module can also have other structural topologies, which will not be described in detail here.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] If the rectifier is a single-phase rectifier or a three-phase rectifier, and the second switching module is connected to two ports of the three-phase rectifier input, in order to reduce the number and cost of components in the second switching module, a multi-port switching device can be used, for example, with... Figure 4 Taking the single-phase rectifier topology shown as an example, see [link / reference]. Figure 12 As shown, the second switch module includes a sixth switch K6 and a seventh switch K7.

[0086] In this configuration, the first end of the sixth switch K6 forms port a1 of the first terminal of the second switch module, which is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. The second end of the sixth switch K6 forms port b1 of the second terminal of the second switch module, which is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The third end of the sixth switch K6 is connected to one port of the second switch module that connects to the rectifier. Similarly, the first end of the seventh switch K7 forms port a2 of the first terminal of the second switch module, which is connected to the negative terminal of the battery pack. The second end of the seventh switch K7 forms port b1 of the second terminal of the second switch module, which is connected to the positive terminal of the battery pack. The third end of the seventh switch K7 is connected to the other port of the second switch module that connects to the rectifier.

[0087] See also Figure 12 As shown, when the sixth switch K6 and the seventh switch K7 are left-thrown closed, the first and third terminals of the second switch module are connected. When the sixth switch K6 and the seventh switch K7 are right-thrown closed, the second and third terminals of the second switch module are connected. At this time, the energy flow direction is the same in the energy storage stage and the power supply stage, which will not be repeated here.

[0088] It should be noted that the above description of the structure of the second switch module is only an example. In actual applications, depending on the type of AC power supply connected to the UPS and the power rating of the second switch module, other components can also be used for the second switch module. This application does not impose any restrictions here.

[0089] In practical applications, to ensure that the battery pack has sufficient charging power to supply power to the loads connected to the UPS, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 13 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the UPS also includes a charging circuit connected between the battery pack and the DC bus. The charging circuit is used to obtain electrical energy from the DC bus and charge the battery pack.

[0090] In conjunction with the above description, this application embodiment also provides a power supply device, which includes at least one of the aforementioned UPS.

[0091] In practical applications, if the power supply device is used in high-power power supply scenarios, the power supply device may include multiple UPSs. The multiple UPSs are connected in parallel, and each UPS can receive and process a portion of the power, thereby improving the power supply level of the power supply device.

[0092] In the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terminology and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0093] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A UPS characterized by, include: First switching module, rectifier, second switching module, DC bus, and controller; The first terminal of the first switch module is used to connect to an AC power source, and the second terminal of the first switch module is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. The two ports of the first end of the second switch module are used to connect to the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack, respectively; the two ports of the second end of the second switch module are used to connect to the negative and positive terminals of the battery pack, respectively; and the third end of the second switch module is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. The output terminal of the rectifier is connected to the DC bus. The controller is connected to the second switch module and is used to control the connection between the first and third terminals of the second switch module, or to control the connection between the second and third terminals of the second switch module.

2. The UPS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switch module includes a first switch corresponding to each phase wire of the AC power supply.

3. The UPS of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The second switch module has a first switch circuit and a second switch circuit; The first terminal of the first switching circuit is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, the second terminal of the first switching circuit is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the third terminal of the first switching circuit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. The first terminal of the second switching circuit is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, the second terminal of the second switching circuit is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the third terminal of the second switching circuit is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier. Wherein, the first end and the second end of the first switch circuit constitute the first end of the second switch module, the first end and the second end of the second switch circuit constitute the second end of the second switch module, and the third end of the first switch circuit and the third end of the second switch circuit constitute the third end of the second switch module.

4. The UPS of claim 3, wherein, If the rectifier is an interleaved parallel PFC circuit, the input terminal of the interleaved parallel PFC circuit has a first port and a second port corresponding to each phase line of the AC power supply. Each first port and each second port are connected to the third terminal of the second switch module. The first switch circuit includes a second switch corresponding to each first port and a third switch corresponding to each second port. The second switch circuit includes a fourth switch corresponding to each first port and a fifth switch corresponding to each second port. The first end of each second switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of each second switch is connected to the corresponding first port. The first end of each third switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of each third switch is connected to the corresponding second port. The first end of each fourth switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of each fourth switch is connected to the corresponding first port. The first end of each fifth switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of each fifth switch is connected to the corresponding second port.

5. The UPS of claim 3, wherein, If the rectifier is a single-phase rectifier or the rectifier is a three-phase rectifier, and the second switch module is connected to two ports of the input terminal of the three-phase rectifier, the first switch circuit includes a second switch and a third switch, and the second switch circuit includes a fourth switch and a fifth switch; The first end of the second switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of the second switch is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier; The first end of the third switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of the third switch is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier; The first end of the fourth switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of the fourth switch is connected to the second end of the second switch; The first end of the fifth switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the second end of the fifth switch is connected to the second end of the third switch.

6. The UPS of claim 3, wherein, If the rectifier is a single-phase rectifier or a three-phase rectifier, and the second switch module is connected to two ports of the input terminal of the three-phase rectifier, the second switch module includes a sixth switch and a seventh switch; The first end of the sixth switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, the second end of the sixth switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, and the third end of the sixth switch is connected to a port where the second switch module is connected to the rectifier. The first end of the seventh switch is used to connect to the negative terminal of the battery pack, the second end of the seventh switch is used to connect to the positive terminal of the battery pack, and the third end of the seventh switch is connected to another port of the second switch module that connects to the rectifier.

7. The UPS of claim 1, wherein, The controller is specifically used to: when the AC power supply fails, control the third terminal of the second switch module to alternately connect with the first and second terminals of the second switch module.

8. The UPS of claim 1, wherein, The UPS also includes a charging circuit connected between the battery pack and the DC bus, the charging circuit being used to obtain electrical energy from the DC bus and charge the battery pack.

9. The UPS of claim 1, wherein, The UPS also includes a battery pack.

10. A power supply system characterized by comprising: include: At least one UPS as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein if the power supply system includes multiple UPSs, the multiple UPSs are connected in parallel.

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