Photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system with adjustable transparency

Abstract

The utility model provides a photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling system with adjustable transparency, comprising a plurality of layers of flexible perovskite solar cells with adjustable transparency, each layer of flexible perovskite solar cell has a hierarchical structure with different band gaps, and each layer of flexible perovskite solar cell absorbs light with different wave bands; the photo-thermal reflecting mirror is positioned below the flexible perovskite solar cell and is used for reflecting the long-wave light which is not absorbed by the flexible perovskite solar cell to a heat collector; and the transparency adjusting mechanism comprises an electric reel type storage device, and the electric reel type storage device is connected with the flexible perovskite solar cell and is used for adjusting the unfolding or storage state of the flexible perovskite solar cell. According to the utility model, a flexible structure and a reel type storage device are adopted, so that the photovoltaic layer can dynamically adjust the unfolding state, and the problem of structural stress of a traditional rigid photovoltaic assembly in extreme environments such as strong wind and high temperature is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation equipment technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic and solar thermal coupling system with adjustable transparency. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal utilization are gradually becoming the main technologies for new energy utilization. Traditional PV and solar thermal systems suffer from the following problems: unreasonable energy distribution between the two systems and insufficient utilization of the spectrum. Existing systems often lack effective synergistic optimization between solar thermal and PV, resulting in low photoelectric conversion and solar thermal utilization efficiency. Current solar energy systems generally only allow selection of either PV or solar thermal operating modes, lacking flexible switching capabilities and making it difficult to adapt to energy demands under different environmental conditions. Traditional PV modules are mostly rigid structures, making it difficult to operate stably for extended periods in harsh environments and lacking good adaptability.

[0003] Therefore, optimizing spectral allocation and improving the system's flexibility, adaptability, and intelligence have become key issues that need to be addressed in current solar energy utilization technologies. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic-thermal coupling system with adjustable transparency. By integrating multi-layered flexible perovskite solar cells with adjustable transparency and a photothermal reflector, it solves the problems of unreasonable spectral distribution and the inability to flexibly adjust energy conversion in existing technologies. The system can dynamically adjust the conversion ratio of photovoltaic and photothermal energy according to environmental conditions and needs, thereby improving the overall efficiency of solar energy utilization.

[0005] According to the purpose of this utility model, this utility model provides a photovoltaic photothermal coupling system with adjustable transparency, comprising:

[0006] A multi-layered flexible perovskite solar cell with adjustable transparency, wherein each layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell has a hierarchical structure with different band gaps and each layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell absorbs light of different wavelengths.

[0007] A photothermal reflector, located below the flexible perovskite solar cell, is used to reflect long-wavelength light that is not absorbed by the flexible perovskite solar cell to the collector.

[0008] The transparency adjustment mechanism includes a motorized roll-up storage device connected to the flexible perovskite solar cell to adjust the unfolded or retracted state of the flexible perovskite solar cell.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a control system, which includes a light intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, and an intelligent control chip. The control system automatically adjusts the photovoltaic and photothermal modes according to environmental conditions, and the transparency adjustment mechanism is connected to the control system.

[0010] Furthermore, the control system dynamically adjusts the transparency of the flexible perovskite solar cell based on real-time light intensity, temperature, and load requirements to optimize the energy distribution of photovoltaic and photothermal energy.

[0011] Furthermore, the flexible perovskite solar cell comprises at least two layers, and the bandgap combinations of the at least two layers of the flexible perovskite solar cell are respectively used to absorb ultraviolet light, visible light, or near-infrared light.

[0012] Furthermore, the electric reel-type storage device includes several reels, and the perovskite solar cells are respectively wound on the corresponding reels.

[0013] Furthermore, the scroll is connected to a micro motor, which drives the scroll to rotate, thereby unfolding or retracting the flexible perovskite solar cell.

[0014] Furthermore, the electric scroll-type storage device also includes a connecting frame, the photothermal reflector is fixed to the bottom of the connecting frame, a plurality of scrolls are rotatably connected to the front and rear ends of the connecting frame, and a roller is rotatably connected to the other end of the connecting frame, the roller being connected to the connecting frame by a torsion spring.

[0015] Furthermore, each of the rollers is connected to a micro motor, and a layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell is pre-wound on the surface of each roller. Traction lines are provided on both sides of the flexible perovskite solar cell, and the traction lines are wound around the roller.

[0016] Furthermore, the flexible perovskite solar cell uses PET or PI substrate material, which has good mechanical durability and flexibility.

[0017] Furthermore, the flexible perovskite solar cell includes a transparent conductive layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, and a flexible substrate material.

[0018] The technical solution of this utility model adopts a flexible structure and a roll-up storage device, which allows the photovoltaic layer to be dynamically adjusted in its unfolded state, avoiding the structural stress problems of traditional rigid photovoltaic modules under extreme environments such as strong winds and high temperatures. The design of the adjustable transparency structure not only improves the photothermal integration efficiency, but also enhances the resistance to wind and sand, making it particularly suitable for extreme environments such as plateaus and deserts, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system under harsh climatic conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in one working state of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another working state structure of this utility model embodiment;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible perovskite solar cell in the unfolded state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible perovskite solar cell in its stored state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. First layer flexible perovskite solar cell; 2. Second layer flexible perovskite solar cell; 3. Third layer flexible perovskite solar cell; 4. Photothermal reflector; 5. Reel; 6. Connecting frame; 7. Servo motor; 8. Roller; 9. Traction line; 10. Torsion spring. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0028] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figures 1-5 As shown:

[0031] A photovoltaic photothermal coupling system with adjustable transparency, comprising:

[0032] Multilayer flexible perovskite solar cells with adjustable transparency have a hierarchical structure with different band gaps for each layer, and each layer absorbs light of different wavelengths.

[0033] A photothermal reflector, located below the flexible perovskite solar cell, is used to reflect long-wavelength light that is not absorbed by the flexible perovskite solar cell to the collector.

[0034] The transparency adjustment mechanism uses an electric roller-type storage device, which adjusts the unfolding or retracting state of the flexible perovskite solar cell through an intelligent control system.

[0035] The control system includes a light intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, and an intelligent control chip, which automatically adjusts the photovoltaic and solar thermal modes according to environmental conditions.

[0036] The flexible perovskite solar cell of this invention uses PET or PI substrate material. The band gap combination of the flexible perovskite solar cell is 2.1eV, 1.6eV and 1.3eV, which are used to absorb ultraviolet light, visible light and near-infrared light respectively.

[0037] The design of photothermal reflectors can improve the reflection efficiency of long-wavelength light.

[0038] The control system of this invention can dynamically adjust the transparency of flexible perovskite solar cells according to real-time light intensity, temperature and load requirements.

[0039] The electric roll-type storage device is driven by a micro motor to unfold or store flexible perovskite solar cells with different band gaps.

[0040] This system can automatically adjust the conversion ratio of photovoltaic (PV) to solar thermal power according to seasonal changes. Under strong sunlight, the system prioritizes the deployment of the PV layer to maximize PV power generation, while under low sunlight, it prioritizes the deployment of the solar thermal layer to improve thermal energy utilization efficiency. The system exhibits strong adaptability to harsh climatic conditions and is suitable for environments such as plateaus and deserts. The overall design of the system has excellent resistance to wind and sand, ensuring long-term stable operation.

[0041] This invention employs multi-layered, transparent, tunable flexible perovskite solar cells. Each layer has a different bandgap to selectively absorb ultraviolet, visible, and part of the near-infrared light, avoiding the spectral loss associated with a single bandgap structure. A photothermal reflector, as the bottom-layer emitting component, reflects long-wavelength light (infrared light) not absorbed by the photovoltaic layer, improving photothermal conversion efficiency. An electrically operated retractable storage device and intelligent control system automatically adjust transparency according to different light intensities, climate conditions, and energy demands, optimizing the energy distribution between photovoltaic and photothermal systems. Combined with environmental sensors and an intelligent control chip, dynamic adjustment of the photovoltaic-photothermal system is achieved, enhancing system adaptability and overall power generation efficiency. This invention solves the problems of unreasonable spectral distribution, fixed operating modes, and low adaptability in existing solar energy systems, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0042] This invention employs an integrated design of a flexible perovskite solar cell with adjustable transparency and a photothermal reflector. During system operation, when sunlight intensity is high, all photovoltaic cell layers unfold to fully absorb short-wavelength light (ultraviolet and visible light) for efficient photoelectric conversion. Unabsorbed infrared light passes through the photovoltaic cell layers and is reflected by the photothermal reflector to the collector, where it is converted into heat energy. When sunlight is weak or the ambient temperature is low, some high-bandgap photovoltaic layers retract, allowing more light to pass through the solar cells and be absorbed by the reflector, thus improving the efficiency of the photothermal system.

[0043] This invention utilizes high-temperature resistant and UV-resistant materials in its flexible perovskite solar cell to ensure system stability in extreme environments. Furthermore, an electrically operated retractable storage device allows the photovoltaic layer to be automatically deployed or retracted as needed, enhancing the system's adaptability.

[0044] This invention utilizes an intelligent control system to monitor real-time light intensity, temperature, and electricity demand, automatically adjusting the photovoltaic-thermal mode. For example, in winter, when more heat energy is needed, the system prioritizes the solar thermal mode; while in summer, when electricity demand is high, the system prioritizes deploying the photovoltaic layer to increase the power generation ratio.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] This embodiment is basically the same as the structure of Embodiment 1. The difference is that this embodiment specifically uses a three-layer flexible perovskite solar cell with adjustable transparency to illustrate the structure of this utility model.

[0047] The transparent adjustable photovoltaic photothermal coupling system of this utility model includes:

[0048] The photothermal reflector located at the bottom layer is used to reflect long-wavelength light (infrared light) to the collector, thereby improving the photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0049] A multi-layer flexible perovskite solar cell with adjustable transparency is installed above the photothermal reflector. The multi-layer flexible perovskite solar cell is composed of multi-layer flexible perovskite solar cells with different band gaps. The flexible perovskite solar cells of different layers absorb light of different wavelengths, and the remaining light is transmitted to the lower layer or the photothermal reflector.

[0050] Transparency adjustment mechanism: An electric storage mechanism is adopted to deploy or store perovskite solar cells with different band gaps according to environmental conditions, so as to achieve dynamic adjustment of transparency.

[0051] Control system: includes environmental sensors (light intensity sensor, temperature sensor), intelligent control chip and actuator to achieve intelligent regulation;

[0052] Photothermal collectors: used to absorb long-wavelength light reflected by photothermal mirrors and store thermal energy or use it for power generation.

[0053] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the flexible perovskite solar cell with adjustable transparency includes a multilayer flexible perovskite solar cell. The perovskite solar cell adopts a layered design with different band gaps to achieve spectrally selective absorption and improve the controllability of transmitted light.

[0054] In this embodiment, a three-layer perovskite solar cell is included. The basic structure of each perovskite solar cell includes a transparent conductive layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, and a flexible substrate material.

[0055] Transparent conductive layer (e.g., ITO, FTO): Ensures light transmittance and acts as an electrode to collect charge. Perovskite light-absorbing layer (different band gaps): The core material, responsible for absorbing light within a specific wavelength range and generating current. Electron transport layer (ETL) (e.g., SnO2, TiO2, C60): Facilitates electron transport from the perovskite layer to the outer electrode. Hole transport layer (HTL) (e.g., Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, NiO) x ): Promotes hole transport to the external electrode, improving device stability. Flexible substrate materials (such as PET, PI): Ensure device flexibility, enabling roll-up storage.

[0056] In this embodiment, the bandgap distribution of the flexible perovskite solar cell is designed as follows:

[0057] Perovskite light-absorbing materials with different layers have different band gaps to selectively absorb sunlight of different wavelengths. Depending on the operating mode, different multilayer transparent flexible perovskite solar cell structures can be designed, including four types: standard (photovoltaic-thermal balanced), high photovoltaic efficiency (photovoltaic priority), high photovoltaic efficiency (photothermal priority), and broadband utilization (full-band balanced absorption). Details are as follows:

[0058] Option 1: Standard Type (Photovoltaic and Thermal Balanced Type)

[0059] The design goal of a photovoltaic-thermal balanced system is to utilize short-wavelength light (ultraviolet and visible light) for photovoltaic power generation, while long-wavelength light (near-infrared) is primarily used for photothermal conversion. Its specific characteristics are shown in Table 1.

[0060] Table 1:

[0061]

[0062] The first layer of flexible perovskite solar cell 1 has a band gap of 2.1 eV, which absorbs short-wavelength light to prevent it from damaging the underlying devices and to reduce heat loss (short-wavelength light has high energy but is easily converted into heat).

[0063] The second layer is a flexible perovskite solar cell with a bandgap of 1.6 eV, corresponding to the main power generation bandgap in the visible light region, maximizing the photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

[0064] The third layer is a flexible perovskite solar cell 3 with a band gap of 1.3 eV, which allows long-wavelength light to pass through and improves photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0065] Option 2: High Photovoltaic Efficiency Type (Photovoltaic Priority Type)

[0066] The design goal of the photovoltaic-first type is to maximize photovoltaic conversion efficiency, minimize photothermal transmission, and improve overall photoelectric conversion efficiency. Its specific characteristics are shown in Table 2.

[0067] Table 2

[0068]

[0069] The first layer of flexible perovskite solar cell 1 has a band gap of 2.2 eV, which further increases the open-circuit voltage and improves the efficiency of single-layer photovoltaics.

[0070] The second layer is a flexible perovskite solar cell 2 with a band gap of 1.8 eV, which enhances the absorption of green and red light, making it the main power generation layer.

[0071] The third layer of flexible perovskite solar cells has a band gap of 1.4 eV and can still transmit some infrared light, but photovoltaic power generation is prioritized over maximizing solar thermal utilization.

[0072] Option 3: High photothermal efficiency type (photothermal priority type)

[0073] The design goal of the solar-thermal priority type is to allow as much sunlight as possible to pass through the solar-thermal reflector, thereby improving the photothermal conversion efficiency. Its specific characteristics are shown in Table 3.

[0074] Table 3

[0075]

[0076] The first layer of flexible perovskite solar cell 1 has a band gap of 2.3 eV and only absorbs high-energy short-wavelength light, reducing visible light loss.

[0077] The second layer is a flexible perovskite solar cell 2 with a band gap of 1.9 eV, which further reduces photovoltaic absorption and increases transmitted light.

[0078] The third layer is a flexible perovskite solar cell 3 with a band gap of 1.5 eV, allowing most infrared light to pass through and improving photothermal efficiency.

[0079] Option 4: Broad-spectrum utilization type (full-band uniform absorption type)

[0080] The design goal of the full-band uniform absorption type is to achieve a uniform absorption spectrum in photovoltaic layers with different band gaps, thereby improving energy utilization. Its specific characteristics are shown in Table 4.

[0081] Table 4

[0082]

[0083] The first layer is a flexible perovskite solar cell 1 with a band gap of 2.0 eV, which appropriately absorbs short-wavelength light to avoid light damage to the underlying devices.

[0084] The second layer is a flexible perovskite solar cell 2 with a band gap of 1.7 eV, which ensures both visible light absorption and provides a certain infrared transmission capability.

[0085] The third layer is a flexible perovskite solar cell 3 with a band gap of 1.35 eV, which transmits more infrared light and improves the photothermal coupling efficiency.

[0086] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0087] Under high solar irradiance conditions (such as at noon): all perovskite layers are deployed. The first flexible perovskite solar cell mainly absorbs high-energy short-wavelength light (ultraviolet to green light), the second flexible perovskite solar cell absorbs visible light (green to red light), and the third flexible perovskite solar cell absorbs near-infrared light. The remaining long-wavelength light (>900nm) is transmitted to the photothermal reflector for photothermal conversion.

[0088] In situations with low solar irradiance or high solar thermal demand (such as in the morning, evening, or cold weather): some of the higher bandgap solar cell layers can be stored, leaving only the low bandgap cell layers, allowing more light to pass through to the solar thermal system and improving thermal energy collection efficiency.

[0089] This invention discloses a method for adjusting the transparency of flexible perovskite solar cells. The adjustment of transparency mainly relies on the unfolding and retracting of flexible perovskite solar cells with different band gaps. The specific method is as follows:

[0090] Step 1: The intelligent control system monitors environmental parameters.

[0091] The solar spectrum distribution and intensity are measured using a light sensor; the ambient temperature and the operating temperature of the solar thermal system are monitored using a temperature sensor; and the current photovoltaic / solar thermal power generation demand is determined by load requirements.

[0092] Step 2: Automatically adjust the deployment state of the perovskite solar cells.

[0093] In this invention, four schemes are adopted for the unfolded state of the perovskite solar cell:

[0094] Option 1: Strong sunlight (sunny day, midday, solar priority mode)

[0095] Applicable conditions: Time: 10:00-14:00 (when solar radiation is strongest)

[0096] Weather: Sunny

[0097] Objective: To maximize photovoltaic power generation, reduce solar thermal transmission, and alleviate thermal management pressure.

[0098] Under strong sunlight, photovoltaic power generation efficiency is high; unfolding all perovskite layers maximizes the utilization of sunlight for power generation. High-energy short-wavelength light can easily cause the device temperature to rise; unfolding a high bandgap layer (2.1 eV) can reduce heat loss and improve the lifespan of the photovoltaic module. The states of each layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell are shown in Table 5:

[0099] Table 5

[0100]

[0101] Option 2: Low Sunlight (Morning / Evening, Light and Heat Priority Mode)

[0102] Applicable conditions:

[0103] Time: 06:00-09:00, 16:00-19:00 (low sun angle, weaker light intensity)

[0104] Weather: Sunny or partly cloudy

[0105] Objective: To allow more light to be transmitted into the photothermal system and improve the photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0106] In the morning / evening, the angle of sunlight is low, and short-wavelength light (ultraviolet and blue light) is relatively scarce, making the deployment of a high-bandgap layer less meaningful. Appropriate transmission of short-wavelength light can improve photothermal conversion efficiency. Under low light conditions, photovoltaic efficiency is relatively low; therefore, more light energy needs to be allocated to the photothermal system. Containing the first layer (2.1 eV) allows more light to reach the bottom, improving photothermal utilization. The states of each layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell are shown in Table 6.

[0107] Table 6

[0108] number of floors Band gap (ev) Expanded / folded state Scientific analysis First layer 2.1 Storage Transmitting more short-wavelength light increases the input energy of the photothermal system. Second floor 1.6 Expand It primarily absorbs visible light and provides basic photovoltaic power generation. Third layer 1.3 Expand Appropriate absorption of infrared light to balance photovoltaic and photothermal utilization

[0109] Option 3: Cloudy Weather (Balanced Mode)

[0110] Applicable conditions:

[0111] Weather: Overcast, with thin clouds obscuring the view.

[0112] Objective: To balance photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal utilization, and dynamically adjust transparency.

[0113] Cloud cover weakens the intensity of ultraviolet and short-wavelength light, but has little impact on infrared light. Appropriately deploying the high-bandgap layer (2.1 eV) ensures photovoltaic power generation capacity, while incorporating the low-bandgap layer (1.3 eV) allows more infrared light to enter the solar thermal system. This improves the overall energy efficiency of the system and makes photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation more balanced. The states of each layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell are shown in Table 7.

[0114] Table 7

[0115] number of floors Band gap (ev) Expanded / folded state Scientific analysis First layer 2.1 Expand Absorbing short-wavelength light to improve photovoltaic power generation efficiency Second floor 1.6 Expand As the main power generation layer, maximizing photovoltaic utilization Third layer 1.3 Storage Allowing some long-wavelength light to pass through increases photothermal absorption.

[0116] Option 4: Winter (Enhanced Photothermal Mode)

[0117] Applicable conditions:

[0118] Season: Winter

[0119] Objective: To improve the efficiency of the solar thermal system and reduce the impact of cell temperature on photovoltaic performance.

[0120] Winter temperatures are low, and photovoltaic modules also experience low temperatures. Appropriately increasing the input energy of the solar thermal system can improve the overall system efficiency. Incorporating high bandgap layers (2.1 eV and 1.6 eV) allows more visible and short-wavelength light to pass through, increasing the energy input of the solar thermal reflector. Only the low bandgap layer (1.3 eV) is retained for photovoltaic power generation to avoid the impact of heat on the photovoltaic modules. The status of each layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell is shown in Table 8.

[0121] Table 8

[0122] number of floors Band gap (ev) Expanded / folded state Scientific analysis First layer 2.1 Storage Allowing more short-wavelength light to pass through, thus increasing photothermal absorption. Second floor 1.6 Storage Transmitting visible light increases the energy input of the photothermal system. Third layer 1.3 Expand Absorbing only near-infrared light improves photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

[0123] Step 3: Use the electric scroll-type storage device to perform the storage / unfolding operation.

[0124] The motorized roll-up storage device uses a micro-motor to drive the roll 5, controlling the unfolding or retraction of solar cells with different band gaps. Combined with an intelligent control system, it achieves automatic adjustment and also allows for manual setting of transparency modes.

[0125] In this embodiment, the electric scroll-type storage device includes a connecting frame 6 and several scrolls 5. A photothermal reflector 4 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting frame 6. Several scrolls 5 are evenly rotated at both ends of the upper part of the connecting frame 6. Each scroll 5 contains a servo motor 7, which is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 6. The output shaft of the servo motor 7 is connected to the corresponding scroll 5, and the servo motor 7 can drive the scroll 5 to rotate. Corresponding flexible perovskite solar cells are wound on the scrolls 5. Several rollers 8 are rotatably provided at the other end of the connecting frame 6, and the rollers 8 are correspondingly arranged with the scrolls 5. The diameter of the scroll 5 is relatively large, so that the circumference of the scroll 5 is greater than the length of the flexible perovskite solar cell. This allows the flexible perovskite solar cells to be wound on the surface of the scroll 5 without overlapping or contacting each other. It can be understood that one end of the flexible perovskite solar cell can be glued or welded to the scroll 5, so that the rotation of the scroll 5 can realize the winding or unwinding of the flexible perovskite solar cell.

[0126] To ensure the flexible perovskite solar cells remain taut during the rotation of the reel 5, traction lines 9 are provided on both sides of each layer of flexible perovskite solar cells. The ends of the traction lines 9 extend from the ends of the flexible perovskite solar cells. The traction lines 9 enhance the strength of the flexible perovskite solar cells, preventing them from breaking during the rotation of the reel 5. Furthermore, by winding the traction lines 9 onto the roller 8, which is connected to the connecting frame via a torsion spring, the traction lines remain taut at all times, thus keeping the flexible perovskite solar cells taut. This allows for smooth winding and unwinding of the flexible perovskite solar cells when the reel 5 rotates in both directions. Therefore, it is possible to use a servo motor to unfold or retract the flexible perovskite solar cells.

[0127] This invention features photovoltaic-photothermal synergistic optimization, improving overall energy conversion efficiency. It employs an integrated design of multi-layered, transparent, tunable flexible perovskite solar cells and a photothermal reflector, enabling the rational distribution of solar energy across different spectral regions. Short-wavelength light (ultraviolet and visible light) is primarily used for photovoltaic power generation, while long-wavelength light (infrared light) is transmitted to the photothermal reflector and ultimately absorbed by the photothermal collector, improving the system's spectral utilization. The highest photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach over 30% (based on specific bandgap design optimization), significantly enhancing overall solar energy utilization.

[0128] This invention features adjustable transparency, adapting to various environments and enhancing the flexibility of power generation and heating. A motorized retraction system allows for transparency adjustment of the flexible perovskite solar cells, intelligently switching between photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal modes based on different lighting conditions, climate, and energy demands. Under strong sunlight, all photovoltaic layers are deployed to achieve maximum PV power generation; while in low-light or cold environments, some high-bandgap PV layers can be retracted, allowing more light to penetrate the solar thermal system and improving thermal energy utilization. An intelligent control system monitors PV intensity, temperature, and power generation demand in real time, dynamically adjusting transparency to achieve optimal matching between PV and solar thermal utilization, thus improving the overall system's adaptability and comprehensive power generation efficiency.

[0129] This invention relates to a multi-bandgap flexible perovskite solar cell, which improves photovoltaic conversion efficiency. The photovoltaic unit employs a layered bandgap optimization strategy, with typical designs including different bandgap combinations of 2.1 eV, 1.6 eV, and 1.3 eV. This allows the photovoltaic module to fully absorb ultraviolet, visible, and part of the near-infrared light, avoiding spectral loss caused by a single bandgap structure. Furthermore, the photovoltaic module features a flexible design, with substrate materials such as PET and PI possessing good mechanical durability and flexibility, meeting the requirements for roll-up storage.

[0130] This invention features intelligent control and automatic adjustment, enhancing the system's intelligence level. It integrates an intelligent environmental sensing system, including a light intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, and a load monitoring module, combined with an intelligent control chip, to optimize the management of solar energy distribution strategies. The system can automatically adjust the photovoltaic-thermal conversion mode according to different seasons, weather conditions, and real-time energy demand. For example, in winter, the solar thermal mode can be enhanced to improve heating efficiency, while in summer, the photovoltaic layer is prioritized to reduce heat load and increase the proportion of photovoltaic power generation. This automatic adjustment function not only optimizes system energy efficiency but also reduces manual intervention costs, making solar power generation and thermal energy utilization more efficient and intelligent.

[0131] This utility model features a rational structural design that enhances durability and environmental adaptability. Utilizing a flexible structure and a roll-up storage device, the photovoltaic layer can be dynamically adjusted in its unfolded state, avoiding the structural stress problems of traditional rigid photovoltaic modules under extreme environments such as strong winds and high temperatures. The low-temperature fabrication process of the flexible perovskite solar cell makes it suitable for lightweight substrate materials, reducing system weight and making it applicable to rooftop photovoltaics, mobile energy, and solar thermal systems. The adjustable transparency structure not only improves the photothermal integration efficiency but also enhances its resistance to wind and sand, making it particularly suitable for extreme environments such as plateaus and deserts, ensuring long-term stable operation of the system under harsh climatic conditions.

[0132] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A transparent photovoltaic-photothermal coupling system, characterized in that, include: A multi-layered flexible perovskite solar cell with adjustable transparency, wherein each layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell has a hierarchical structure with different band gaps and each layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell absorbs light of different wavelengths. A photothermal reflector, located below the flexible perovskite solar cell, is used to reflect long-wavelength light that is not absorbed by the flexible perovskite solar cell to the collector. The transparency adjustment mechanism includes a motorized roll-up storage device connected to the flexible perovskite solar cell to adjust the unfolded or retracted state of the flexible perovskite solar cell.

2. The transparent adjustable transmittance PV-PVTH system according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes a control system, which includes a light intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, and an intelligent control chip. The control system automatically adjusts the photovoltaic and photothermal mode according to environmental conditions, and the transparency adjustment mechanism is connected to the control system.

3. The transparent adjustable transmittance PV-PVTH system according to claim 2, wherein, The control system dynamically adjusts the transparency of the flexible perovskite solar cell based on real-time light intensity, temperature, and load requirements to optimize the energy distribution of photovoltaic and photothermal energy.

4. The transparent adjustable transmittance PV-PVTH system of claim 1, wherein, The flexible perovskite solar cell comprises at least two layers, and the bandgap combination of the at least two layers of the flexible perovskite solar cell is used to absorb ultraviolet light, visible light or near-infrared light respectively.

5. The transparent adjustable PV-PV / T system of claim 1, wherein, The electric reel-type storage device includes several reels, and the perovskite solar cells are respectively wound on the corresponding reels.

6. The transparent adjustable transmittance PV-PVTH system according to claim 5, wherein, The scroll is connected to a micro motor, which drives the scroll to rotate, thus enabling the flexible perovskite solar cell to be unfolded or retracted.

7. The transparent adjustable transmittance PV-PV / T system according to claim 6, wherein, The electric scroll-type storage device also includes a connecting frame, the photothermal reflector is fixed to the bottom of the connecting frame, a plurality of scrolls are rotatably connected to the front and rear ends of the connecting frame, and a roller is rotatably connected to the other end of the connecting frame, the roller being connected to the connecting frame by a torsion spring.

8. The transparent adjustable transmittance PV-PV / T system according to claim 7, wherein, Each of the rollers is connected to a micro motor. A layer of the flexible perovskite solar cell is pre-wound onto the surface of each roller. Traction lines are provided on both sides of each flexible perovskite solar cell and are wound around the roller.

9. The transparent adjustable PV-PV / T system of claim 1, wherein, The flexible perovskite solar cell uses PET or PI substrate material.

10. The transparent adjustable PV-PV / T system of claim 1, wherein, The flexible perovskite solar cell includes a transparent conductive layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, and a flexible substrate material.

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