Novel high-salinity high-hardness heavy metal-containing mine wastewater treatment and recycling system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel high-salt high-hardness heavy metal-containing mine wastewater treatment and recycling system which comprises a primary treatment unit, a secondary treatment unit and a secondary treatment unit, wherein the primary treatment unit is used for carrying out primary pH value regulation on wastewater, destroys heavy metal complexes through an FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device, reduces heavy metals, generates flocculent precipitates and removes COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) at the same time; the softening treatment unit is connected with the primary treatment unit, receives the wastewater in the primary treatment unit, performs secondary pH value adjustment, adopts a softening agent, and removes calcium and magnesium hardness and suspended matters in the wastewater through precipitation; the deep treatment unit is connected with the softening treatment unit, and is used for receiving the wastewater in the softening treatment unit, performing third pH value adjustment, removing salt and the like in the wastewater through a UF / RO membrane, recycling RO produced water to a production workshop, and using RO concentrated water for slow cooling and slag flushing of smeltery slag and water replenishing of a slag separation plant. Through cooperation of multi-stage physicochemical and membrane technologies, the problem of treatment of high-salt, high-hardness, high-COD and heavy metal combined pollution mine wastewater is efficiently solved, and the method has technical advancement and engineering practicability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and in particular relates to a novel system for treating and reusing high-salt, high-hardness mine wastewater containing heavy metals. Background Technology

[0002] With the in-depth development of mineral resources, mine wastewater has become a challenging area for environmental protection due to its complex composition and high pollutant concentration. This type of wastewater not only contains high concentrations of heavy metals (such as copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc, and cadmium), but also has high salinity (Na₂O). + Cl - SO4 2- (etc.), high hardness (Ca) 2+ Mg 2+ Due to the presence of scale ions and high COD (organic reagent residues, sulfide oxidation products, etc.), traditional physicochemical and biological treatment technologies are insufficient to efficiently and synergistically remove pollutants and achieve water reuse. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel system for treating and reusing high-salt, high-hardness mine wastewater containing heavy metals, in order to solve the technical problem of poor wastewater treatment and recycling effect of traditional equipment.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the specific technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0005] In some embodiments of this application, a novel system for treating and reusing high-salt, high-hardness, heavy metal-containing mine wastewater is provided, including:

[0006] The preliminary treatment unit adjusts the pH of the wastewater for the first time, uses a catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device to break down heavy metal complexes and reduce heavy metals, and removes them by flocculation and precipitation, while also removing COD.

[0007] A softening unit, which is connected to the preliminary treatment unit, receives wastewater from the preliminary treatment unit and performs a second pH adjustment. A softening agent is used to remove calcium and magnesium hardness and suspended solids from the wastewater through sedimentation.

[0008] The advanced treatment unit is connected to the softening treatment unit. It receives wastewater from the softening treatment unit and performs a third pH adjustment. It removes salt and other substances from the wastewater through a UF / RO membrane. The RO permeate is reused in the production workshop, and the RO concentrate is used for slow cooling and flushing of slag in the smelter and for makeup water in the slag beneficiation plant.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the preliminary processing unit has a combined structure, including:

[0010] Wastewater aeration and equalization tank, which is connected to an external wastewater source;

[0011] pH adjustment tank, which is connected to wastewater aeration adjustment tank and to acid dosing device;

[0012] The FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device has its inlet end connected to a pH adjustment tank and its outlet end connected to a softening treatment unit.

[0013] Initial aeration and adjustment are performed in the wastewater aeration and conditioning tank, and the wastewater is then injected into the pH conditioning tank for the first pH adjustment. The heavy metal complexes are then destroyed and the heavy metals are reduced through the FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device, resulting in flocculation and precipitation for removal, while COD is also removed.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the softening unit is a combined structure, including:

[0015] The extended aeration tank is connected to the FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device at its inlet end for a second pH adjustment.

[0016] A softening flocculation sedimentation device, wherein the softening flocculation sedimentation device is connected to the liquid outlet of the extended aeration tank;

[0017] The first intermediate water tank has its inlet end connected to the outlet end of the softening flocculation sedimentation device, and its outlet end is connected to the deep treatment unit. It stores the supernatant from the softening flocculation sedimentation device.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the depth processing unit is a combined structure, including:

[0019] A manganese sand filter, wherein the manganese sand filter is connected to the outlet end of the first intermediate water tank;

[0020] A neutralization tank, which is connected to the outlet of the manganese sand filter, is used for a third pH adjustment.

[0021] UF membrane treatment system, wherein the UF membrane treatment system is connected to the effluent end of the neutralization tank;

[0022] The second intermediate water tank is connected to the liquid outlet of the UF membrane treatment system.

[0023] An RO membrane system is connected to the outlet of a second intermediate water tank, and the treated water is injected into the RO permeate tank and the RO concentrate tank respectively.

[0024] In some embodiments of this application, the UF membrane treatment system is further provided with a UF membrane cleaning device.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, pH meters are installed in the pH adjustment tank, the extended aeration tank, and the neutralization tank.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: After homogenization in the aeration and conditioning tank, the wastewater enters the pH conditioning tank for acidification, activating the FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis material. The active iron in the material undergoes a redox reaction with the wastewater, generating hydroxyl radicals that degrade organic matter, destroy heavy metal complexes, reduce heavy metals, and remove them through flocculation and precipitation, while also removing COD. After alkalization in the extended aeration tank, softeners and flocculants are added, and calcium and magnesium hardness and suspended solids are removed through precipitation. Suspended solids are further removed through a manganese sand filter, and the pH is adjusted to the suitable range for the membrane system in the neutralization tank. This allows the UF membrane treatment system to retain colloidal and macromolecular pollutants, while high-salt and small-molecule organic matter are separated by the RO membrane. The permeate is reused, and the concentrate is used for slow cooling and slag flushing in smelters and for makeup water in slag beneficiation plants. Through the synergy of multi-stage physicochemical and membrane technologies, the treatment problem of mine wastewater with high salt, high hardness, high COD, and heavy metal complex pollution is efficiently solved, combining technological advancement and engineering practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the preliminary processing unit provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the softening treatment unit provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the UF membrane treatment system provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the RO membrane system provided in an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate this utility model, but are not intended to limit its scope.

[0034] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this utility model, a more detailed description of this utility model is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] See appendix Figures 1-5 As shown, according to some embodiments of this application, it includes:

[0036] Preliminary treatment unit 1 performs initial pH adjustment on the wastewater and reduces heavy metals, resulting in flocculation and precipitation.

[0037] It should be noted that the preliminary processing unit 1 has a modular structure, including:

[0038] Wastewater aeration and equalization tank, which is connected to an external wastewater source;

[0039] pH adjustment tank, which is connected to wastewater aeration adjustment tank and to acid dosing device;

[0040] The FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device has its inlet end connected to the pH adjustment tank and its outlet end connected to the softening treatment unit 2.

[0041] The FCM-Ⅳ catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device includes a first lift pump, which is connected to both the wastewater aeration and pH adjustment tank. A second lift pump is connected to both the pH adjustment tank, the acid dosing device, and the FCM-Ⅳ catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device. The FCM-Ⅳ catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device is connected to the extended aeration tank.

[0042] Initial aeration and adjustment are performed in the wastewater aeration and conditioning tank, and the wastewater is then injected into the pH conditioning tank for the first pH adjustment. The heavy metal complexes are then destroyed and the heavy metals are reduced by the FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis device, resulting in flocculation and precipitation for removal, while COD is also removed.

[0043] The softening unit 2 is connected to the preliminary treatment unit 1. It receives the wastewater from the preliminary treatment unit, performs a second pH adjustment, and removes calcium and magnesium hardness and suspended solids from the wastewater.

[0044] It should be noted that the softening treatment unit 2 is a modular structure, including:

[0045] The extended aeration tank is connected to the FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis reactor at its inlet end.

[0046] A softening flocculation sedimentation device, wherein the softening flocculation sedimentation device is connected to the liquid outlet of the extended aeration tank;

[0047] The softening flocculation sedimentation device includes an extended aeration tank, which is connected to both an alkali dosing device and a softening tank. The softening tank is connected to both a softening agent dosing device and a flocculation tank. The flocculation tank is connected to both a flocculant dosing device and a sedimentation tank. The sedimentation tank is connected to a first intermediate water tank, which is connected to both a third lift pump and a manganese sand filter.

[0048] The first intermediate water tank has its inlet end connected to the outlet end of the softening flocculation sedimentation device, and its outlet end is connected to the deep treatment unit 3, which stores the supernatant in the softening flocculation sedimentation device.

[0049] The deep treatment unit 3 is connected to the softening treatment unit 2. It receives the wastewater from the softening treatment unit 2 and performs a third pH adjustment. It removes salt and other substances from the wastewater through a UF / RO membrane. The RO permeate is reused in the production workshop, and the RO concentrate is used for slow cooling and flushing of slag in the smelter and for makeup water in the slag beneficiation plant.

[0050] It should be noted that the depth processing unit 3 has a combined structure, including:

[0051] A manganese sand filter, wherein the manganese sand filter is connected to the outlet end of the first intermediate water tank;

[0052] A neutralization tank, which is connected to the outlet end of the manganese sand filter;

[0053] The UF membrane treatment system is connected to the outlet of the neutralization tank. The UF membrane treatment system also includes a UF membrane cleaning device. In other words, the manganese sand filter is connected to the neutralization tank and the acid dosing device. The UF membrane system (including the UF membrane cleaning device) includes a fourth lift pump, which is connected to both the neutralization tank and the UF membrane system (including the UF membrane cleaning device). The UF membrane system (including the UF membrane cleaning device) is connected to the second intermediate water tank.

[0054] The second intermediate water tank is connected to the liquid outlet of the UF membrane treatment system.

[0055] The RO membrane system (including the RO membrane cleaning system) includes a fifth lift pump, which is connected to both the intermediate water tank 2 and the RO membrane system (including the RO membrane cleaning system). The RO membrane system (RO permeate) is connected to the RO permeate tank, and the RO permeate from the RO permeate tank is reused in the production line. The RO membrane system (RO concentrate) is connected to the RO concentrate tank, which is used for slow cooling and flushing of slag in the smelter and for makeup water in the slag beneficiation plant.

[0056] pH meters are installed in the pH adjustment tank, the extended aeration tank, and the neutralization tank.

[0057] It should be further noted that devices such as booster pumps / negative pressure pumps can be used for water transfer between various components or units. Since such devices have been disclosed in the field, their detailed structure will not be described in detail here.

[0058] Under the action of the FCM-Ⅳ dedicated self-electrolysis catalytic material, recalcitrant COD and complexes are specifically degraded and broken down, releasing heavy metal ions (Cu). 2+ Ni 2+ Co 2+ Pb 2+ Zn 2+ Cd 2+ (etc.), calcium and magnesium ions. Heavy metal ions Cu 2+ Ni 2+ Co 2+ Pb 2+ Zn 2+ Cd 2+ The active iron in the catalytic self-electrolysis material is reduced to elemental form and removed by flocculation and sedimentation. The FCM-IV dedicated catalytic self-electrolysis material is immersed in wastewater. Under the presence of catalyst M, an electrochemical process (oxidation-reduction reaction) occurs in the wastewater solution, generating a large number of (·OH) hydroxyl radicals, causing the organic matter to degrade. The reaction results in toxic, long-chain, and cyclic heteroatom organic compounds gaining electrons, undergoing ring-opening and chain-severing degradation reactions. The functional groups of toxic organic compounds are destroyed, long-chain organic compounds are broken down into smaller molecules, and cyclic and heterocyclic organic compounds undergo ring-opening, with some ultimately degrading into CO2 and H2O. Simultaneously, the active iron in the material loses electrons to become ferrous ions and enters the solution, forming nascent Fe... 2+ After alkali neutralization and aeration, Fe(OH)3 flocs are generated, which have a strong adsorption capacity. They adsorb suspended solids or colloidal particles and organic macromolecules in wastewater, and after flocculation and precipitation, some organic pollutants are removed, thus purifying the wastewater. Sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH of the wastewater to alkaline, and softening agents and flocculants are added sequentially to soften, flocculate, and precipitate, thereby removing hardness from the wastewater. After flocculation and sedimentation, the supernatant enters a manganese sand filter to remove suspended solids. After the filtered water is neutralized in a neutralization tank to adjust the pH, a UF membrane system (including UF membrane cleaning equipment) further intercepts residual colloids, large molecular organic matter, and microorganisms from the front end. Finally, an RO membrane system (including an RO membrane cleaning system) allows water molecules to pass through under high pressure, while retaining dissolved high salt (Na+) content. + K + Cl - Small molecule organic matter (etc.) remains in the RO concentrate, and the final RO permeate meets the standards for reuse.

[0059] The process of treating mine wastewater with high salt, high hardness, high COD, and heavy metals is as follows: The mine wastewater enters the pH adjustment tank from the wastewater aeration and adjustment tank, and acid is added to adjust the pH value to 1-6. After the FCM-Ⅳ catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device collects sufficient mine wastewater, it starts aeration and treatment for 1-8 hours to obtain the treated liquid.

[0060] The treated liquid is discharged into the extended aeration tank, and alkali is added to adjust the pH value to 7-13. After aeration and stirring for 1-7 hours, it enters the softening tank, where a softening agent is added and the reaction is carried out for 10-90 minutes. Then, it enters the flocculation tank, where anionic polyacrylamide is added and the reaction is carried out for 10-90 minutes. After sedimentation, it enters the sedimentation tank for 1-10 hours. The supernatant is obtained after stratification and is temporarily stored in the first intermediate water tank.

[0061] After being filtered by a manganese sand filter in the first intermediate water tank, the water then enters a neutralization tank where acid is added to adjust the pH value to 2-8. The water then enters the UF membrane system (including UF membrane cleaning equipment), and the effluent enters the second intermediate water tank, then enters the RO membrane system (including RO membrane cleaning system). The permeate enters the RO permeate tank and is reused in the production workshop. The concentrate enters the RO concentrate tank and is used for slow cooling and flushing of slag in the smelter and for makeup water in the slag beneficiation plant.

[0062] This invention can effectively treat mine wastewater, specifically degrading and breaking down recalcitrant COD and complexes, reducing and sedimenting heavy metals, softening and removing hardness. After UF membrane and RO membrane treatment, the RO permeate finally meets the standards for reused water, and the RO concentrate meets the water quality requirements in Table 2 on page 4 of the "Emission Standard of Pollutants for Copper, Nickel and Cobalt Industries" (GB25467-2010).

[0063] The technical effects achieved by the above technical solution in this application embodiment are as follows:

[0064] Highly efficient pollutant removal: COD degradation rate is significant (catalytic self-electrolysis + synergistic effect of UF / RO); heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Co, etc.) are removed through reduction precipitation; calcium and magnesium hardness are reduced to extremely low levels through softening and flocculation; RO permeate (80% recovery rate) is reused in the production line, reducing fresh water consumption; RO concentrate is used for slow cooling and slag flushing in smelters and for makeup water in slag beneficiation plants, achieving zero discharge for the entire system; each module is equipped with a pH meter and dosing device to precisely control reaction conditions. UF and RO membrane systems are equipped with cleaning equipment to ensure long-term stable operation. This reduces the environmental risk of wastewater discharge and lowers water costs for enterprises.

[0065] This application, through the synergy of multi-stage physicochemical and membrane technologies, efficiently solves the problem of treating mine wastewater with complex pollution of high salt, high hardness, high COD, and heavy metals, and combines technological advancement with engineering practicality.

[0066] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0067] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0068] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0069] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0070] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A novel high-salt high-hardness heavy metal-containing mine wastewater treatment and reuse system, characterized in that, include: The preliminary treatment unit adjusts the pH of the wastewater for the first time, breaks down heavy metal complexes and reduces heavy metals through an FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis device, and removes them by flocculation and precipitation, while also removing COD. A softening unit, which is connected to the preliminary treatment unit, receives wastewater from the preliminary treatment unit and performs a second pH adjustment. A softening agent is used to remove calcium and magnesium hardness and suspended solids from the wastewater through sedimentation. The advanced treatment unit is connected to the softening treatment unit. It receives wastewater from the softening treatment unit and performs a third pH adjustment. It removes salt and other substances from the wastewater through a UF / RO membrane. The RO permeate is reused in the production workshop, and the RO concentrate is used for slow cooling and flushing of slag in the smelter and for makeup water in the slag beneficiation plant.

2. A novel high-salt high-hardness heavy metal-containing mine wastewater treatment and reuse system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preliminary processing unit has a modular structure, including: Wastewater aeration and equalization tank, which is connected to an external wastewater source; pH adjustment tank, which is connected to wastewater aeration adjustment tank and to acid dosing device; The FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device has its inlet end connected to a pH adjustment tank and its outlet end connected to a softening treatment unit. Initial aeration and adjustment are performed in the wastewater aeration and conditioning tank, and the wastewater is then injected into the pH conditioning tank for the first pH adjustment. The heavy metal complexes are then destroyed and the heavy metals are reduced through the FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis reaction device, resulting in flocculation and precipitation for removal, while COD is also removed.

3. A novel high-salt high-hardness heavy metal-containing mine wastewater treatment and reuse system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The softening unit is a modular structure, comprising: The extended aeration tank is connected to the FCM-IV catalytic self-electrolysis reactor at its inlet end. A softening flocculation sedimentation device, wherein the softening flocculation sedimentation device is connected to the liquid outlet of the extended aeration tank; The first intermediate water tank has its inlet end connected to the outlet end of the softening flocculation sedimentation device, and its outlet end is connected to the deep treatment unit. It stores the supernatant from the softening flocculation sedimentation device.

4. The novel high-salt high-hardness heavy metal-containing mine wastewater treatment and reuse system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The depth processing unit has a combined structure, including: A manganese sand filter, wherein the manganese sand filter is connected to the outlet end of the first intermediate water tank; A neutralization tank, which is connected to the outlet end of the manganese sand filter; UF membrane treatment system, wherein the UF membrane treatment system is connected to the effluent end of the neutralization tank; The second intermediate water tank is connected to the liquid outlet of the UF membrane treatment system. An RO membrane system is connected to the outlet of a second intermediate water tank, and the treated water is injected into the RO permeate tank and the RO concentrate tank respectively.

5. A novel high salt and high hardness heavy metal containing mine wastewater treatment and reuse system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The UF membrane treatment system is also equipped with a UF membrane cleaning device.

6. A novel high salt and high hardness heavy metal containing mine wastewater treatment and reuse system according to claim 4, characterized in that, pH meters are installed in the pH adjustment tank, the extended aeration tank, and the neutralization tank.

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