Non-point source pollution interception zone
By designing inclined diversion purification belts and regulating diffusion well structures, the problem of easy siltation in ecological ditches during moderate and heavy rains has been solved, achieving efficient rainwater interception and pollutant adsorption, and reducing the impact of non-point source pollution on water bodies.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing ecological ditches are ineffective at intercepting initial rainwater during moderate to heavy rains, are prone to silting up, and are difficult to effectively reduce non-point source pollution of water bodies.
Design a non-point source pollution interception zone, including a diversion and purification zone and a storage and diffusion well. The diversion and purification zone is an inclined structure that has both diversion and purification functions. Multiple zones form a W-shaped structure, combined with a gravel filler layer and a vegetation zone. Rainwater is collected through the diversion low wall and then deposited into the storage and diffusion well for storage and diffusion.
It effectively reduces the pollution of receiving water bodies by initial rainwater, avoids blockages, is simple to construct, easy to maintain, has a good rainwater collection effect, disperses rainwater evenly, and enhances the interception effect of non-point source pollution on slopes.
Smart Images
Figure CN224148627U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ecological engineering technology, specifically to a non-point source pollution interception zone. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, many rivers and lakes in my country face water pollution problems, with non-point source pollution being one of the main sources. Due to its dispersed origins, it is difficult to treat and exhibits cumulative and sudden characteristics. Initial rainfall is a key factor in the concentrated outbreak of non-point source pollution. In the initial stages of rainfall, rainwater washes away surface pollutants, carrying large amounts of suspended particulate matter, pesticide residues, livestock manure, urban oil pollution, and heavy metals, which rapidly flow into rivers and lakes through surface runoff. Studies show that the pollution load in initial rainfall can account for more than 70% of the total pollution in a single rainfall event. The high concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus carried by this initial rainfall directly trigger eutrophication, leading to explosive algal blooms, a sharp drop in dissolved oxygen, and threatening the survival of aquatic organisms such as fish. Simultaneously, toxic substances such as microplastics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons washed away by initial rainfall easily deposit in bottom sediments, forming long-term secondary pollution sources and exacerbating the risk of rivers and lakes becoming "black and odorous water bodies."
[0003] To address this issue, an existing technology for an ecological revetment with non-point source pollution purification functions proposes a treatment structure. The ecological revetment consists of an upper turf planting strip, an ecological ditch, a lower turf planting strip, and a slope toe. Stainless steel protective netting is installed between the upper and lower turf planting strips and the ecological ditch, as well as between the lower turf planting strip and the slope toe. The revetment slope length is no less than 4 meters. When surface runoff flows through the upper turf planting strip, the rubble layer, composed of evenly laid flat rubble, forms irregular gaps between the rubble stones, creating overflow channels that facilitate the overflow of surface seepage water into the ecological ditch. Under gravity, the infiltrated surface water flows into the ecological ditch through the stainless steel protective netting. Soil particles and solid impurities are not eroded by the water flow due to the geotextile fabric's shielding effect. The ecological interception and purification by the upper turf planting strip reduces solid impurities and pollutants in the surface runoff.
[0004] There is also an existing technology called a segmented interception and purification ecological slope protection system. This ecological slope protection system includes rainwater interception and collection ecological ditches and a centralized rainwater purification system. The centralized rainwater purification system is enclosed by an ecological retaining wall. Multiple rainwater interception and collection ecological ditches are set at intervals along the slope. The centralized rainwater purification system is located at the lower end of the slope. Perforated drainage pipes are installed at the bottom of the rainwater interception and collection ecological ditches. These perforated drainage pipes are connected to the drainage pipes of the centralized rainwater purification system, diverting the intercepted and collected runoff rainwater to the centralized rainwater purification system. The segmented interception and purification ecological slope protection system can realize the functions of rainwater interception, rainwater collection, rainwater purification, soil and water conservation, and ecological restoration, while improving the utilization rate of surface runoff rainwater.
[0005] Both of these structures combine vegetation buffer zones and ecological ditches, achieving a certain level of non-point source pollution interception. However, because the constructed ecological ditches are transverse trenches perpendicular to the slope, their interception effect is good in the absence of rain or in light rain, but their interception effect on initial rainwater during moderate to heavy rains is poor. In addition, the ecological interception ditches are sunken ditches, making them more prone to siltation. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this application is to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology and provide a non-point source pollution interception zone.
[0007] The technical solution of this application is: a non-point source pollution interception strip, comprising,
[0008] The flow-guiding and purification belt is an inclined flow-guiding structure set on a slope and intersecting the slope direction. The flow-guiding and purification belt includes a water-blocking structure and an adsorption structure set on the upstream side of the water-blocking structure in the slope direction. Multiple flow-guiding and purification belts are arranged in sequence along the vertical slope direction.
[0009] The regulating and diffusion well is a regulating structure installed at the lower end of the flow-guiding purification zone for storing sewage.
[0010] According to the present application, a non-point source pollution interception zone is provided, wherein the lower end of the diversion and purification zone is connected to the lower end of an adjacent diversion and purification zone on one side through a storage and diffusion well, and the upper end is connected to the upper end of an adjacent diversion and purification zone on the other side.
[0011] According to the present application, a non-point source pollution interception strip includes a water-blocking structure comprising a guide wall vertically disposed on a slope surface; the extension direction of the guide wall intersects the slope direction, and the lower end of the guide wall is connected to a storage and diffusion well.
[0012] According to the non-point source pollution interception strip provided in this application, the adsorption structure includes,
[0013] The filler layer is a layer of crushed stone filler deposited on the upstream side of the slope direction of the guide wall;
[0014] A plant strip, which is a lawn or emergent plant planted on a filler layer.
[0015] According to the non-point source pollution interception strip provided in this application, the downstream side of the filler layer along the slope direction is a straight end face that is in close contact with the guide wall, and the upstream side along the slope direction is an inclined end face that forms an obtuse angle with the slope surface.
[0016] According to a non-point source pollution interception zone provided in this application, the regulating and diffusion well includes,
[0017] The well wall has an inlet that connects to the lower end of the guide wall;
[0018] The diffusion layer is a layer of crushed stone filled at the bottom of the well, which can adsorb and filter the sewage in the well and spread it to the surrounding soil.
[0019] According to the non-point source pollution interception zone provided in this application, the diffusion layer is a hemispherical structure with a larger upper area and a smaller lower area, and the upper area of the diffusion layer is larger than the bottom area of the well.
[0020] According to the present application, in a non-point source pollution interception zone, the upper end of the well wall extends beyond the upper end of the guide wall that connects to the outer wall of the well.
[0021] According to the present application, a non-point source pollution interception zone includes multiple layers of diversion and purification zones arranged at intervals along the slope direction, each layer including multiple diversion and purification zones arranged sequentially along the vertical slope direction.
[0022] According to the non-point source pollution interception strip provided in this application, the upper end of the guide wall has a sawtooth structure.
[0023] The advantages of this application are: 1. The diversion and purification belt designed in this application has both diversion and purification functions. Because it is not a ditch structure formed by excavating the slope, it protrudes from the slope and is therefore not prone to blockage. It has better anti-clogging performance than conventional sunken ecological ditches. At the same time, the diversion and purification belt of this application mainly plays a guiding role. The rainwater on the slope will eventually collect into the storage and diffusion well for further diffusion and storage, which can effectively reduce the pollution of the receiving water body by the initial rainwater.
[0024] 2. The multiple diversion and purification belts in this application are interconnected to form a W-shaped structure, which can effectively receive and divert rainwater flowing down the slope. At each low turning point, a storage and diffusion well is set up. This structure can effectively collect the initial rainwater into the dispersed storage and diffusion wells for storage, effectively reducing the pollution of the receiving water body by the initial rainwater.
[0025] 3. The structure of the diversion wall in this application is very simple and the construction is very convenient. The constructed diversion wall has a good diversion effect and can easily divert rainwater on the slope to the storage and diffusion well. The rainwater collection effect is excellent and it plays a good role in preventing the spread of pollution.
[0026] 4. The drainage and purification strip of this application also includes a filler layer and a plant strip. Both the filler layer and the plant strip are structures on the slope and are not easily blocked like concave ditches. The filler layer and the plant strip can adsorb and pre-treat rainwater pollutants flowing down the slope. The construction operation is convenient and the subsequent maintenance is simple and easy.
[0027] 5. The filler layer constructed in this application is a crushed stone filler layer with a triangular cross-section. Such a structure has good stability, strong resistance to slope rainwater impact, large contact area with the intercepted rainwater, and better adsorption and treatment effect.
[0028] 6. The storage and diffusion well of this application includes a well portion and a diffusion layer below it. The well portion can be used to store rainwater that is diverted downwards, and the diffusion layer can divert the rainwater in the well to the surrounding soil layer. Because it adopts a gravel structure, it also has the function of adsorption and purification.
[0029] 7. The diffusion layer of this application is larger than the bottom of the well, which can ensure that all the rainwater flowing downward in the well is diffused through the diffusion layer, resulting in better diffusion effect and preventing the rainwater in the well from directly diffusing into the surrounding soil layer without being adsorbed and purified.
[0030] 8. The well wall of this application is higher than the guide wall at the connection position. When the storage and diffusion well needs to be stored by overflow, it can not only overflow downstream through the well wall of the storage and diffusion well, but also be stored by overflow through the guide wall, so that the surface runoff is more dispersed and more uniform, which helps to further reduce non-point source pollution.
[0031] 9. This application can design several layers of diversion and purification strips on the slope to further enhance the effect of intercepting non-point source pollution on the entire slope;
[0032] 10. This application designs the upper end of the diversion wall as a sawtooth structure. When the storage and diffusion well is full and overflow is required, it can overflow evenly from the gaps in the sawtooth, making the surface runoff more dispersed and uniform, which helps to further reduce non-point source pollution.
[0033] The source pollution interception zone of this application has a simple structure and can effectively collect initial rainwater into various dispersed storage and diffusion wells for storage, effectively reducing the pollution of receiving water bodies by initial rainwater, and has great promotional value. Attached Figure Description
[0034] Figure 1 Top view of the area source pollution interception zone in this application;
[0035] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of the cross-section of the airflow purification belt in this application;
[0036] Figure 3 : A schematic diagram of the storage and diffusion well structure in this application;
[0037] Wherein: 1—Guiding wall; 2—Filling layer; 3—Plant strip (not shown in the figure); 4—Well wall; 5—Diffusion layer. Detailed Implementation
[0038] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.
[0039] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0040] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0041] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0042] This application relates to a non-point source pollution interception zone. The interception zone is installed on a slope surface to intercept, collect, and divert rainwater during slope rainfall, allowing the rainwater on the slope to be purified and adsorbed before finally converging into a storage structure. This structure effectively collects initial rainwater into various dispersed storage structures for storage, effectively reducing the pollution of receiving water bodies by initial rainwater.
[0043] Specifically, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, a non-point source pollution interception zone of this application includes a diversion and purification zone and a storage and diffusion well. The diversion and purification zone is an inclined diversion structure set on a slope and intersecting the slope direction. The diversion and purification zone includes a water-blocking structure and an adsorption structure set on the upstream side of the water-blocking structure in the slope direction. Multiple diversion and purification zones are arranged sequentially along the vertical slope direction. The storage and diffusion well is a storage structure set at the lower end of the diversion and purification zone for storing sewage.
[0044] The diversion and purification belt combines purification and diversion functions. Because it is a structure installed on the slope surface, protruding from the slope, it is completely different from the traditional concave ditch structure and is less prone to clogging. At the same time, it also employs an adsorption structure to adsorb and purify pollutants in the slope's precipitation, reducing the degree of pollution to the final receiving water body.
[0045] The arrangement of the multiple flow-guiding purification methods in this application can be as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the lower end of the flow-guiding purification belt is connected to the lower end of an adjacent flow-guiding purification belt on one side via a regulating and diffusion well, and the upper end is connected to the upper end of an adjacent flow-guiding purification belt on the other side. Multiple flow-guiding purification belts form a "W"-shaped structure.
[0046] Alternatively, multiple flow-guiding purification zones can be arranged in parallel with each other, with the upper and lower ends of each zone positioned between adjacent flow-guiding purification zones along the slope direction. In other words, adjacent flow-guiding purification zones are arranged in parallel with each other, and their projection along the slope direction forms a straight line structure.
[0047] In actual use, rainwater falls along the slope direction. The downward-flowing rainwater is intercepted by the water-blocking structure. The rainwater flows downward at an angle along the water-blocking structure. At this time, the flow direction is intersecting with the slope direction. Finally, it enters the regulating and diffusion well at the lower end of the diversion and purification zone. The rainwater is collected in the regulating and diffusion well. Some of the rainwater diffuses downward through the bottom of the regulating and diffusion well to the surrounding soil layer. The other part of the rainwater that exceeds the regulating and diffusion well overflows outward.
[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the aforementioned diversion and purification strip is further optimized. To improve the effectiveness of surface pollution interception, this embodiment can set multiple layers of diversion and purification strips on the slope, with multiple layers arranged at intervals along the slope direction. Each layer includes multiple diversion and purification strips arranged sequentially along the perpendicular slope direction. This can significantly improve the interception effect of rainwater in the slope direction.
[0049] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the water-blocking structure in this embodiment includes a guide wall 1 vertically installed on the slope surface. The extension direction of the guide wall 1 intersects the slope direction, and the lower end of the guide wall 1 is connected to the storage and diffusion well. The guide wall 1 adopts a masonry structure with a sawtooth top and a height 0.2m to 0.3m higher than the slope surface.
[0050] The guide wall 1 is an impermeable structure. Rainwater on the slope flows down the slope direction and is eventually intercepted by the guide wall 1. The intercepted rainwater will then flow along the inclined direction of the guide wall 1 and eventually flow into the storage and diffusion well connected to the lower end of the guide wall 1.
[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, the adsorption structure includes a filler layer 2 and a plant strip 3. The filler layer 2 is a layer of gravel filler deposited on the upstream side of the slope direction of the guide wall 1; the plant strip 3 is a lawn or emergent plants planted on the filler layer 2.
[0052] The downstream side of filler layer 2 along the slope direction is a straight end face that is in close contact with the guide wall 1, and the upstream side along the slope direction is an inclined end face that forms an obtuse angle with the slope surface. Filler layer 2 is a crushed stone filler layer with a triangular cross-section. This structure has good stability, strong resistance to slope rainwater impact, and a large contact area with the intercepted rainwater, resulting in better adsorption and treatment effects.
[0053] The crushed stone in the filler layer 2 has a particle size of 10mm to 20mm and is filled on the side of the diversion wall 1 facing the direction of surface source pollution inflow (i.e., the upstream side of the slope direction). The filler thickness is 0.15m to 0.2m.
[0054] Planting strip 3 consists of lawns or emergent plants such as reeds, irises, and cattails, planted on filler layer 2.
[0055] In a further embodiment of this application, the above-mentioned regulating and diffusion well has been optimized, specifically, as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the regulating and diffusion wells are located at the turning points of each low point of the flow-guiding purification zone. They are circular or square in shape and consist of three parts: the well wall 4, the inlet, and the diffusion layer 5. The well wall 4 is connected to the flow-guiding purification zones on both sides via the inlet. In this embodiment, the well wall 4 is made of reinforced concrete or masonry. The well wall 4 has two inlets, each connecting to one of the flow-guiding purification zones on either side. The inlets are square or circular openings. The upper end of the well wall 4 extends 10cm to 20cm beyond the upper end of the flow-guiding low wall 1 that connects to the outer wall of the well wall 4. This ensures that after the regulating and diffusion well is filled, the overflow can flow not only from the well wall 4 but also from the flow-guiding low walls 1 on both sides.
[0056] To ensure a more even and dispersed final overflow, the upper end of the guide wall 1 in this embodiment has a sawtooth structure. When the storage and diffusion well is full, some of the water overflowing from the storage and diffusion well overflows from the downstream side of the well wall 1, while more overflows from both sides to the upstream side of the guide wall 1 on both sides. The rainwater gathers on the upstream side of the guide wall 1 and finally flows out from the sawtooth-shaped gap at the upper end of the guide wall 1. The sawtooth-shaped gap is a uniformly distributed structure, which allows the water flowing out to be evenly dispersed downstream, preventing the overflowing rainwater from being too concentrated.
[0057] In this embodiment, the diffusion layer 5 is a layer of crushed stone filled at the bottom of the well, which can adsorb and filter the sewage in the well and spread it to the surrounding soil. The diffusion layer 5 has a hemispherical structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, with the upper area of the diffusion layer 5 being larger than the area of the bottom of the well. The radius of the diffusion layer 5 is 0.2m to 0.3m larger than the radius of the bottom of the well wall 4, and it is filled with crushed stone with a particle size of 15 to 30mm.
[0058] In actual use, after rainfall, when non-point source pollution flows with surface runoff to receiving water bodies such as rivers and lakes, it will be guided by the diversion and purification belt and flow into each regulation and diffusion well. During this process, it will also be adsorbed and purified by the filler layer 2 and the plant strip 3. The internal space of the regulation and diffusion well can collect and regulate the initial rainwater, and the excess rainwater will overflow downstream through the well wall 4 and the diversion wall 1. The rainwater at the bottom of the regulation and diffusion well will diffuse to the surrounding soil layer through the bottom diffusion layer 5 to avoid water accumulation in the well for a long time, which would affect secondary regulation and storage.
[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the slope direction of this application is Figure 1 The vertical direction is defined as follows: the upper direction is upstream, and the lower direction is downstream. Figure 1 The left and right directions in the middle are the vertical slope directions.
[0060] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this application as claimed. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A non-point source pollution interception belt, characterized in that: include, The flow-guiding and purification belt is an inclined flow-guiding structure set on a slope and intersecting the slope direction. The flow-guiding and purification belt includes a water-blocking structure and an adsorption structure set on the upstream side of the water-blocking structure in the slope direction. Multiple flow-guiding and purification belts are arranged in sequence along the vertical slope direction. The regulating and diffusion well is a regulating structure installed at the lower end of the flow-guiding purification zone for storing sewage.
2. The area source pollution intercepting band of claim 1, wherein: The lower end of the flow-guiding purification belt is connected to the lower end of the adjacent flow-guiding purification belt on one side through a storage and diffusion well, and the upper end is connected to the upper end of the adjacent flow-guiding purification belt on the other side.
3. A surface source pollution intercepting belt according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The water-blocking structure includes a flow-guiding wall (1) set vertically on the slope surface; the extension direction of the flow-guiding wall (1) intersects the slope direction, and the lower end of the flow-guiding wall (1) is connected to the storage and diffusion well.
4. The area source pollution interception strip as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The adsorption structure includes, The filler layer (2) is a layer of crushed stone filler deposited on the upstream side of the slope direction of the guide wall (1); Plant strip (3), which is a lawn or emergent plant planted on filler layer (2).
5. A surface pollution interception strip as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The downstream side of the filler layer (2) along the slope direction is a straight end face that is in close contact with the guide wall (1), and the upstream side along the slope direction is an inclined end face that forms an obtuse angle with the slope.
6. A surface source pollution intercepting belt as claimed in claim 3, wherein: The storage and diffusion well includes, Well wall (4), on which an inlet is provided that connects to the lower end of the guide wall (1); The diffusion layer (5) is a layer of crushed stone filled at the bottom of the well, which can adsorb and filter the sewage in the well and spread it to the surrounding soil.
7. A surface pollution interception strip as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The diffusion layer (5) is a hemispherical structure with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part, and the area at the upper end of the diffusion layer (5) is larger than the area at the bottom of the well.
8. A surface source pollution intercepting belt as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The upper end of the well wall (4) extends beyond the upper end of the guide wall (1) that is connected to the outer wall of the well wall (4).
9. A non-point source pollution interception strip as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes multiple layers of flow-guiding and purification zones arranged at intervals along the slope direction, with each layer including multiple flow-guiding and purification zones arranged sequentially along the vertical slope direction.
10. The area pollution intercepting belt according to claim 4, wherein: The upper end of the flow-guiding wall (1) has a sawtooth structure.