Adjustable hydraulic damper

Abstract

The utility model discloses an adjustable hydraulic damper, which belongs to the technical field of dampers, and comprises a shell, a piston structure, a piston rod structure and a piston adjusting mechanism, the piston structure is movably assembled in the shell, an end cover is fixedly arranged at the opening end of the shell, the piston rod structure is fixedly arranged at the end part of the piston structure, and the piston rod structure penetrates through the end cover; the piston structure and the inner core structure are designed, self-adaption and multi-stage adjustment of damping force are achieved, the relative position of the circular truncated cone block can be automatically changed along with the pressure difference of two cavities through cooperation of the circular truncated cone block and the movable cylinder, the piston adjusting mechanism is assembled at the closed end of the shell, and the piston adjusting mechanism is assembled at the end of the piston rod structure, and the stress head is assembled at the end of the piston rod structure. Therefore, the flowing sectional area of hydraulic oil is continuously changed, the damper can automatically complete smooth transition among different damping states according to the magnitude of external impact, and an external control unit is not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of damper technology, and specifically provides an adjustable hydraulic damper. Background Technology

[0002] A hydraulic damper is a device that dissipates kinetic energy and provides resistance to motion by forcing a viscous fluid through a throttling orifice. It is widely used in machinery, automotive, aerospace, and construction industries for shock absorption, cushioning, and motion control. Traditional hydraulic dampers typically have fixed damping force characteristics, determined by a preset orifice size, making them difficult to adapt to complex, variable, or dynamically changing working conditions.

[0003] Existing adjustable dampers sometimes rely on complex external electronic control systems and solenoid valves to achieve real-time adjustment of damping force. While offering superior performance, these methods suffer from high cost, complex structure, reliability issues due to electronic components, and insufficient stability in harsh environments. Other mechanical adjustable dampers, although relatively simple in structure, often have limited adjustment ranges or can only be adjusted in steps at rest. They cannot adaptively and continuously adjust dynamically based on the magnitude of the impact force during operation, leading to either instability due to insufficient damping or unnecessary rigid impacts due to excessive damping when dealing with sudden and variable impact loads. Therefore, a hydraulic damper with a relatively simple structure, requiring no external electronic control, and capable of automatically and continuously adjusting the damping force according to the magnitude of the applied force is needed. Utility Model Content

[0004] To solve the above problems, this utility model provides an adjustable hydraulic damper.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: an adjustable hydraulic damper, comprising a housing, a piston structure, a piston rod structure, and a piston adjustment mechanism. The piston structure is movably assembled inside the housing. An end cap is fixedly installed at the open end of the housing. A piston rod structure is fixedly installed at the end of the piston structure. A piston adjustment mechanism is assembled at the closed end of the housing and is located at the upper end of the piston structure. A piston spring is assembled at the lower end of the piston adjustment mechanism and is attached to the upper end of the piston structure. The lower end of the piston rod structure passes through the end cap and is equipped with a force-receiving head.

[0006] The piston structure includes a movable cylinder and an inner core structure. The movable cylinder is movably assembled inside the housing, and the inner wall of the movable cylinder is a conical surface. Vertical grooves are uniformly formed on the inner wall of the movable cylinder, and vertically penetrating channels are uniformly formed on the inner wall of the movable cylinder. The grooves and channels are staggered, and the lower end of the channel is less than the upper end. The inner core structure includes a frustum block. The side wall of the frustum block matches the inner wall of the movable cylinder, and the large-diameter base of the frustum block is far from the opening end of the housing. Slider blocks are uniformly formed on the side wall of the frustum block and movably assembled in the grooves.

[0007] Furthermore, the piston structure also includes a connecting column and an adjusting cylinder. The lower end of the movable cylinder is uniformly fixedly installed with the connecting column, and the adjusting cylinder is fixedly installed at the lower end of the connecting column. The inner wall of the adjusting cylinder is threaded, and a retaining ring is integrally formed on the upper side of the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, a connecting plate is fixedly installed at the upper end of the piston rod structure, and a limit ring is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting plate, and the limit ring is screwed into the adjusting cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, the piston rod structure is hollow, and a spring adjustment mechanism is assembled inside the piston rod structure. The spring adjustment mechanism includes a transmission rod, which is movably assembled inside the piston rod structure. A threaded plate is fixedly installed at the upper end of the transmission rod, and the threaded plate is screwed into the adjustment cylinder. The threaded plate is located between the limiting ring and the retaining ring. One end of an inner core spring is fixedly installed at the upper end of the threaded plate, and the other end of the inner core spring is fixedly installed at the lower end of the frustum block.

[0010] Furthermore, a cylindrical groove is formed on the upper surface of the force-receiving head, and the lower end of the transmission rod is inserted into the cylindrical groove. A spline groove is formed on the lower end of the outer wall of the transmission rod, and a spline tooth matching the spline groove is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cylindrical groove.

[0011] Furthermore, a connector is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the force-receiving head, and a locking block is uniformly fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connector. The lower end of the piston rod structure is uniformly provided with a locking groove, and the locking block is engaged in the locking groove.

[0012] Furthermore, a through hole is provided in the middle of the upper end of the frustum block, and a one-way valve is installed in the through hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the piston adjustment mechanism includes a rotating plate and a circular plate. The rotating plate is sleeved on the closed end of the housing. A connecting rod is fixedly installed inside the rotating plate. An adjusting block is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting rod after it passes through the closed end of the housing by a thread. The circular plate is movably assembled inside the housing, and the lower end of the adjusting block is attached to the upper surface of the circular plate. A piston spring is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the circular plate.

[0014] The beneficial effects of using this utility model are:

[0015] This invention achieves adaptive and multi-level adjustment of damping force through the design of piston and inner core structures. By cooperating with the frustum block and the moving cylinder, the relative position of the frustum block can be automatically changed according to the pressure difference between the two chambers, thereby continuously changing the hydraulic oil flow cross-sectional area. This allows the damper to automatically complete a smooth transition between different damping states according to the magnitude of external impact, without the need for an external control unit.

[0016] This invention, through independent spring adjustment mechanism and piston adjustment mechanism, allows for the preload of the inner core spring and the preload of the piston spring to be preset respectively, so that the static characteristics of the damper can be precisely matched according to specific applications.

[0017] The damper of this utility model has a compact structure, which highly integrates the piston structure with adaptive feedback adjustment function, the inner core structure, and the two-stage pre-adjustment mechanism formed by the spring adjustment mechanism and the piston adjustment mechanism into the housing. It adopts mechanical hydraulic drive, which is reliable in operation, long in service life, and strong in environmental adaptability. While providing excellent dynamic adaptive damping effect, it also has good adjustability and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the shell of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is the front sectional view of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the spring adjustment mechanism of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the piston structure of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the inner core structure of this utility model.

[0025] The reference numerals in the attached drawings include: 1. Housing; 2. Piston structure; 21. Moving cylinder; 211. Slide groove; 212. Channel; 22. Connecting column; 23. Adjusting cylinder; 3. Inner core structure; 31. Frustum block; 32. Slider; 33. One-way valve; 4. Piston rod structure; 41. Connecting plate; 42. Limiting ring; 5. Spring adjusting mechanism; 51. Transmission rod; 52. Threaded plate; 53. Inner core spring; 54. Spline groove; 6. End cap; 7. Connecting piece; 71. Locking block; 8. Force-bearing head; 9. Piston adjusting mechanism; 91. Rotating plate; 92. Connecting rod; 93. Adjusting block; 94. Circular plate; 95. Piston spring. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0027] Reference Figures 1 to 7 An adjustable hydraulic damper includes a housing 1, a piston structure 2, a piston rod structure 4, and a piston adjustment mechanism 9. The piston structure 2 is movably assembled inside the housing 1. An end cap 6 is fixedly installed at the open end of the housing 1. The piston rod structure 4 is fixedly installed at the end of the piston structure 2. The piston adjustment mechanism 9 is assembled at the closed end of the housing 1 and is located at the upper end of the piston structure 2. A piston spring 95 is assembled at the lower end of the piston adjustment mechanism 9 and is attached to the upper end of the piston structure 2. The lower end of the piston rod structure 4 passes through the end cap 6 and is equipped with a force-receiving head 8.

[0028] Hydraulic oil is filled between the end cap 6 and the closed end of the housing 1. After the force is applied, the force-receiving head 8 will move towards the housing 1, thereby driving the piston structure 2 to move inside the housing 1 to achieve hydraulic damping.

[0029] The piston structure 2 includes a movable cylinder 21 and an inner core structure 3. The movable cylinder 21 is movably assembled inside the housing 1, and the inner wall of the movable cylinder 21 is a conical surface. Vertical grooves 211 are uniformly opened on the inner wall of the movable cylinder 21, and vertically penetrating channels 212 are uniformly opened on the inner wall of the movable cylinder 21. The grooves 211 and channels 212 are staggered. The lower end of the channel 212 is less than the upper end. The inner core structure 3 includes a frustum block 31. The side wall of the frustum block 31 matches the inner wall of the movable cylinder 21, and the large-diameter bottom surface of the frustum block 31 is far away from the opening end of the housing 1. Slider blocks 32 are uniformly opened on the side wall of the frustum block 31 and are movably assembled in the grooves 211.

[0030] The groove 211 is not continuous at both ends.

[0031] In the initial state, the slider 32 of the frustum block 31 is located at the uppermost position in the slide groove 211. The shapes of the moving cylinder 21 and the frustum block 31 are designed so that when the frustum block 31 moves downward in the moving cylinder 21, the gap between the two will become smaller, thus achieving the purpose of adjusting the damping effect according to different forces.

[0032] When the piston structure 2 moves inside the housing 1, the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the frustum block 31 are exposed to the oil on the upper and lower sides of the moving cylinder 21, thereby generating a pressure difference. This pressure difference acts on the end face of the frustum block 31, forming a tendency force that makes it move downward along the slide groove 211.

[0033] When the frustum block 31 is in the upper position inside the moving cylinder 21, the hydraulic oil flows between the channel 212 and the adjacent slider 32, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the hydraulic oil flow is relatively large. When the frustum block 31 moves to the lowermost position inside the slide groove 211, the side wall of the frustum block 31 will fit against the inner wall of the moving cylinder 21. At this time, the hydraulic oil can only flow through the channel 212, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the lower end of the channel 212 is smaller than that of the upper end, making the cross-sectional area of ​​the hydraulic oil flow relatively small. Therefore, the change in the position of the inner core structure 3 inside the moving cylinder 21 can change the damping effect of this hydraulic damper.

[0034] Specifically, the piston structure 2 also includes a connecting column 22 and an adjusting cylinder 23. The connecting column 22 is uniformly fixedly installed at the lower end of the moving cylinder 21, and the adjusting cylinder 23 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the connecting column 22. The inner wall of the adjusting cylinder 23 is threaded, and a retaining ring is integrally formed on the upper side of the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder 23.

[0035] The purpose of setting the connecting column 22 is to allow for the flow of hydraulic oil in the gap at the lower end of the moving cylinder 21, while also enabling the connection of the adjusting cylinder 23.

[0036] Specifically, a connecting plate 41 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the piston rod structure 4, and a limiting ring 42 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting plate 41, and the limiting ring 42 is screwed into the adjusting cylinder 23.

[0037] The connection between the piston rod structure 4 and the piston structure 2 is completed by the screw connection between the limiting ring 42 and the adjusting cylinder 23.

[0038] A limiting ring is provided on the outer wall of the piston rod structure 4. The limiting ring is located on the inner wall of the end cover 6 and can limit the initial position of the piston structure 2. In different application scenarios, this limiting ring can be removed.

[0039] Specifically, the piston rod structure 4 is hollow, and a spring adjustment mechanism 5 is assembled inside the piston rod structure 4. The spring adjustment mechanism 5 includes a transmission rod 51, and the transmission rod 51 is movably assembled inside the piston rod structure 4. A threaded plate 52 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the transmission rod 51, and the threaded plate 52 is screwed into the adjusting cylinder 23. The threaded plate 52 is located between the limiting ring 42 and the retaining ring. One end of the inner core spring 53 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the threaded plate 52, and the other end of the inner core spring 53 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the frustum block 31.

[0040] The retaining ring and the limiting ring 42 work together to limit the movement range of the threaded plate 52; by rotating the transmission rod 51, the height position of the threaded plate 52 in the adjusting cylinder 23 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the preload of the inner core spring 53 and adjusting the sensitivity threshold of the inner core spring 53.

[0041] Specifically, the upper surface of the force-receiving head 8 is provided with a cylindrical groove, and the lower end of the transmission rod 51 is inserted into the cylindrical groove. The lower end of the outer wall of the transmission rod 51 is provided with a spline groove 54, and the inner wall of the cylindrical groove is fixedly installed with spline teeth that match the spline groove 54.

[0042] Through the cooperation of the spline groove 54 and the spline teeth, when the force-receiving head 8 rotates, it can drive the spring adjustment mechanism 5 to rotate to complete the adjustment work. At the same time, the structure of the spline ensures that it will not affect the relative movement between the transmission rod 51 and the force-receiving head 8.

[0043] Specifically, a connector 7 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the force-bearing head 8, and a locking block 71 is uniformly fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connector 7. The lower end of the piston rod structure 4 is uniformly provided with a locking groove, and the locking block 71 is engaged in the locking groove.

[0044] When the force-bearing head 8 is moved so that the locking block 71 is engaged in the slot, the force-bearing head 8 cannot rotate, and the damping operation can then be performed.

[0045] In addition, an axial protrusion can be provided on the inner wall of the housing, and an axial groove can be provided on the outer wall of the moving cylinder 21. The groove is provided on the protrusion to ensure that the piston structure 2 cannot rotate.

[0046] Specifically, a through hole is provided in the middle of the upper end of the frustum block 31, and a one-way valve 33 is installed in the through hole.

[0047] The function of this one-way valve 33 is to establish a return channel for hydraulic oil, ensuring smooth rebound and reset of the damper. During damping operation, hydraulic oil can only flow through channel 212. When the frustum block 31 is reset by the elastic force of the inner core spring 53, the hydraulic oil can flow upward from the one-way valve, ensuring the efficiency of the reset of the piston structure 2 and the inner core structure 3.

[0048] Specifically, the piston adjusting mechanism 9 includes a rotating plate 91 and a circular plate 94. The rotating plate 91 is sleeved on the closed end of the housing 1. A connecting rod 92 is fixedly installed inside the rotating plate 91. An adjusting block 93 is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting rod 92 after it passes through the closed end of the housing 1 by a thread. The circular plate 94 is movably assembled inside the housing 1, and the lower end of the adjusting block 93 is attached to the upper surface of the circular plate 94. A piston spring 95 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the circular plate 94.

[0049] A threaded hole is provided on the closed end of the housing 1, and the connecting rod 92 is threaded and screwed into the threaded hole.

[0050] The lower end of the piston spring 95 is attached to the upper end of the movable cylinder 21. By rotating the rotating plate 91, the position of the adjusting block 93 is adjusted, and then the position of the circular plate 94 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the preload of the piston spring 95, and thus setting the initial reset force or balance position of the piston structure 2. This is suitable for compensating for different static loads or adjusting the preload.

[0051] Depending on the force applied to the force-bearing head 8, the following different operating conditions may occur:

[0052] 1. Low force condition of the force-bearing head 8: The piston structure 2 moves slowly within the housing 1 to compress the piston spring 95. Due to the low force, the piston structure 2 moves slowly, and the hydraulic oil can flow through the space between the channel 212 and the slider 32. Moreover, the pressure difference between the two bottom surfaces of the frustum block 31 is small, and the pressure generated on the frustum block 31 is less than the elastic force of the inner core spring 53. The frustum block 31 does not move relative to the moving cylinder 21. At this time, it is a low damping force state.

[0053] 2. Under moderate force conditions, the force-bearing head 8 will drive the piston structure 2 to move at a certain speed. At the same time, the pressure difference between the two bottom surfaces of the truncated cone block 31 will increase. The pressure generated can overcome part of the elastic force of the inner core spring 53, causing the truncated cone block 31 to move downward in the moving cylinder 21. This will reduce the gap between the hydraulic oil passage 212 and the slider 32, providing moderate damping force, which is the moderate damping force state.

[0054] III. High stress condition of the force-bearing head 8: At this time, the piston structure 2 moves at a high speed, and a large pressure difference will be generated on the two bottom surfaces of the frustum block 31. The pressure generated will cause the frustum block 31 to move to the lowest position in the moving cylinder 21. At this time, hydraulic oil can only flow from the small cross section at the lower end of the channel 212 to provide high damping force, which is the high damping force state.

[0055] Therefore, when the force-bearing head 8 is subjected to different degrees of impact or pressure, the damping capacity can be dynamically adjusted through the structure of the piston structure 2 and the inner core structure 3, resulting in better safety and versatility.

[0056] The above content is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, many changes can be made in the specific implementation and application scope based on the concept of this utility model. As long as these changes do not depart from the concept of this utility model, they all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An adjustable hydraulic damper, characterized by: The device includes a housing, a piston structure, a piston rod structure, and a piston adjusting mechanism. The piston structure is movably assembled inside the housing. An end cap is fixedly installed at the open end of the housing. A piston rod structure is fixedly installed at the end of the piston structure. A piston adjusting mechanism is assembled at the closed end of the housing and is located at the upper end of the piston structure. A piston spring is assembled at the lower end of the piston adjusting mechanism and is attached to the upper end of the piston structure. The lower end of the piston rod structure passes through the end cap and is equipped with a force-receiving head. The piston structure includes a movable cylinder and an inner core structure. The movable cylinder is movably assembled inside the housing, and the inner wall of the movable cylinder is a conical surface. Vertical grooves are uniformly formed on the inner wall of the movable cylinder, and vertically penetrating channels are uniformly formed on the inner wall of the movable cylinder. The grooves and channels are staggered, and the lower end of the channel is less than the upper end. The inner core structure includes a frustum block. The side wall of the frustum block matches the inner wall of the movable cylinder, and the large-diameter base of the frustum block is far from the opening end of the housing. Slider blocks are uniformly formed on the side wall of the frustum block and movably assembled in the grooves.

2. A hydraulic damper according to claim 1, wherein: The piston structure also includes a connecting column and an adjusting cylinder. The lower end of the movable cylinder is uniformly fixedly installed with the connecting column, and the adjusting cylinder is fixedly installed at the lower end of the connecting column. The inner wall of the adjusting cylinder is threaded, and a retaining ring is integrally formed on the upper side of the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder.

3. An adjustable hydraulic damper as claimed in claim 2, wherein: A connecting plate is fixedly installed at the upper end of the piston rod structure, and a limit ring is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connecting plate, and the limit ring is screwed into the adjusting cylinder.

4. A hydraulic damper according to claim 3, wherein: The piston rod structure is hollow, and a spring adjustment mechanism is assembled inside the piston rod structure. The spring adjustment mechanism includes a transmission rod, which is movably assembled inside the piston rod structure. A threaded plate is fixedly installed at the upper end of the transmission rod, and the threaded plate is screwed into the adjustment cylinder. The threaded plate is located between the limiting ring and the retaining ring. One end of an inner core spring is fixedly installed at the upper end of the threaded plate, and the other end of the inner core spring is fixedly installed at the lower end of the frustum block.

5. An adjustable hydraulic damper as claimed in claim 4, wherein: The upper surface of the force-receiving head is provided with a cylindrical groove, and the lower end of the transmission rod is inserted into the cylindrical groove. The lower end of the outer wall of the transmission rod is provided with a spline groove, and the inner wall of the cylindrical groove is fixedly installed with spline teeth that match the spline groove.

6. An adjustable hydraulic damper as claimed in claim 5, wherein: A connector is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the force-bearing head, and a locking block is uniformly fixedly installed on the upper surface of the connector. The lower end of the piston rod structure is uniformly provided with a locking groove, and the locking block is engaged in the locking groove.

7. The adjustable hydraulic damper of claim 1, wherein: A through hole is provided at the middle of the upper end of the frustum block, and a one-way valve is installed in the through hole.

8. The adjustable hydraulic damper of claim 1, wherein: The piston adjustment mechanism includes a rotating plate and a circular plate. The rotating plate is sleeved on the closed end of the housing. A connecting rod is fixedly installed inside the rotating plate. An adjusting block is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting rod after it passes through the closed end of the housing by a thread. The circular plate is movably assembled inside the housing, and the lower end of the adjusting block is attached to the upper surface of the circular plate. A piston spring is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the circular plate.

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