Plasma gasification melting device for treating organic waste

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of organic waste treatment, in particular to a plasma gasifying and melting device for treating organic waste. The device mainly comprises a feeding system, a plasma gasification melting furnace, a first heat exchanger, a falling film acid absorber, an alkaline washing tower, a secondary combustion chamber, a second heat exchanger, a quench cooler, a bag-type dust collector, a heater, a catalytic tower and a third heat exchanger which are connected in sequence. By means of the structure, harmless and recycling treatment and utilization of the chlorine-containing organic waste can be effectively achieved. And the problems of serious equipment corrosion and incomplete treatment in the chlorine-containing organic waste treatment process are solved to the maximum extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of organic waste treatment technology, and more specifically, to a plasma gasification and melting device for treating organic waste. Background Technology

[0002] Chlorinated organic waste is a common hazardous waste substance in chlor-alkali chemical industry, such as carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethylene, chloroform, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and the residue generated at the bottom of the distillation vessel during process regeneration. Chlorinated organic compounds are all toxic, and many chlorinated compounds have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects, posing a significant risk.

[0003] The chlor-alkali industry, as a pillar industry of the national economy, has made significant contributions to national economic development. However, if the chlorine-containing hazardous waste in the chlor-alkali industrial chain is not treated thoroughly, it will pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and the health of surrounding residents. Therefore, it is imperative to research and develop process technologies and equipment that can completely treat chlorine-containing organic hazardous waste from the chlor-alkali industry.

[0004] Common hazardous waste treatment methods mainly include biological treatment, chemical oxidation-reduction, incineration, and landfill. Given the characteristics of chlor-alkali industry hazardous waste—including its difficulty in biodegradation, highly complex composition, and incomplete treatment by conventional methods—plasma gasification melting technology can completely decompose and transform hazardous waste, enabling it to meet emission standards and reducing its harm to humans and the ecological environment. This is one of the most thorough methods for treating chlorine-containing hazardous waste. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a plasma gasification and melting device for treating organic waste, aiming to more effectively solve the harmless, resource-based disposal and utilization of chlorine-containing organic waste. It also aims to minimize the problems of severe equipment corrosion and incomplete treatment during the disposal of chlorine-containing organic waste.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A plasma gasification and melting device for treating organic waste includes a feeding system, a plasma gasification and melting furnace, a first heat exchanger, a falling film acid absorber, an alkaline scrubbing tower, a secondary combustion chamber, a second heat exchanger, a quench cooler, a bag filter, a heater, a catalytic tower, and a third heat exchanger connected in sequence.

[0008] The plasma gasification melting furnace is used to gasify and crack the organic waste input into the feeding system to generate syngas, and the falling film acid absorber is used for falling film acid absorption.

[0009] Preferably, a quicklime spraying device is also provided between the quench cooler and the bag filter.

[0010] Preferably, the feeding system includes a solid feeding device and a liquid feeding device, which are respectively connected to the plasma gasification melting furnace.

[0011] Preferably, the outlet end of the plasma gasification melting furnace is also equipped with a water quenching cooling system.

[0012] Preferably, the plasma gasification melting furnace is provided with a plasma torch inlet, a burner mounting port and an air supply port on one side.

[0013] Preferably, a soot blowing device is connected to the top of the first heat exchanger.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes an induced draft fan and a chimney, with the two ends of the induced draft fan connected to the chimney and the third heat exchanger, respectively.

[0015] Preferably, the falling film acid absorber is provided with an acid filtration device at the bottom.

[0016] The technical solution of this utility model has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0017] The above-described solution of this utility model mainly includes a feeding system, a plasma gasification melting furnace, a first heat exchanger, a falling film acid absorber, an alkaline scrubbing tower, a secondary combustion chamber, a second heat exchanger, a quench cooler, a bag filter, a heater, a catalytic tower, and a third heat exchanger connected in sequence. This structure effectively solves the problem of harmless and resource-based disposal and utilization of chlorinated organic waste. It also maximizes the resolution of problems such as severe equipment corrosion and incomplete treatment during the disposal of chlorinated organic waste. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of this utility model.

[0020] Icons: 1-Plasma gasification melting furnace, 2-First heat exchanger, 3-Falling film acid absorber, 4-Alkali washing tower, 5-Second combustion chamber, 6-Second heat exchanger, 7-Quick cooler, 8-Slaked lime injection device, 9-Bag filter, 10-Heater, 11-Catalyst tower, 12-Third heat exchanger, 13-Induced draft fan, 14-Chimney, 15-Solid feeding device, 16-Liquid feeding device, 17-Burner installation port, 18-Plasma torch port, 19-Make-up air port, 20-Water quenching cooling system, 21-Soot blowing device, 22-Acid filtration device. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a plasma gasification and melting device for treating organic waste, comprising a feeding system, a plasma gasification and melting furnace 1, a first heat exchanger 2, a falling film acid absorber 3, an alkaline washing tower 4, a secondary combustion chamber 5, a second heat exchanger 6, a quench cooler 7, a bag filter 9, a heater 10, a catalytic tower 11, and a third heat exchanger 12 connected in sequence.

[0023] The plasma gasification melting furnace 1 is used to gasify and crack the organic waste input by the feeding system to generate syngas, and the falling film acid absorber 3 is used for falling film acid absorption.

[0024] The feeding system includes a solid feeding device 15 and a liquid feeding device 16, which are respectively connected to the plasma gasification melting furnace 1.

[0025] The solid feeding device 15 will select silos, weighing systems, scrapers, elevators, screws, push rods, slide gate valves, unloading valves, etc. according to different material characteristics. The liquid feeding device 16 will select slurry pumps, diaphragm pumps, metering pumps, chemical centrifugal pumps, waste liquid spray guns, dispersing spray guns, etc. according to different material characteristics. A precision pressure regulating valve is installed at the front of the exhaust gas inlet to ensure that the pressure of exhaust gas entering the furnace is stable.

[0026] Liquid chlorinated organic waste is fed to a liquid feeding device 16, and solid chlorinated organic waste is fed to a solid feeding device 15, both of which are then transported to a plasma gasification melting furnace 1. Waste gas enters the furnace chamber through a waste gas inlet. The gasification furnace performs gasification and cracking to produce syngas (850-1100℃). The syngas then enters a first heat exchanger 2 to cool to 200℃. After cooling, the syngas enters a three-stage falling film acid absorber 3 to recover 25% hydrochloric acid. The tail gas after falling film acid absorption then enters an alkaline scrubbing tower 4 to remove residual acid. The deacidified syngas then enters a secondary combustion chamber 5 for combustion. The flue gas generated by combustion at 1100℃ is cooled to 500℃ through the second heat exchanger 6; the cooled flue gas enters the quench cooler 7 and is quenched to 200℃; it then enters the bag filter 9, which is equipped with activated carbon injection and slaked lime injection devices 8. After dust removal, the flue gas enters the pipeline heater 10 and is heated to above 180℃. After heating, the flue gas enters the SCR catalytic tower 11 to remove nitrogen oxides from the flue gas. The flue gas after CR treatment enters the third heat exchanger 12 and is cooled to 120℃. It is then extracted by the induced draft fan 13 and discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 14.

[0027] In one exemplary embodiment of this invention, the temperature of the bottom melting zone of the ion gasification furnace reaches 1350-1600℃, and the temperature of the upper gasification zone is 850-1100℃.

[0028] The first heat exchanger 2 uses water or air for heat exchange, reducing the flue gas temperature to 200℃ to generate steam for external supply or for preheating the air system itself. The air-water heat exchanger can be a graphite heat exchanger or a membrane wall structure. The heat exchanger is equipped with a soot blowing device 21. The air preheater can be a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger, equipped with a soot blowing device 21 and an expansion device.

[0029] The second heat exchanger 6 uses a membrane wall or tube structure to generate steam. The heat exchanger has 2-3 SNCR spray gun positions, selected at a suitable temperature point of 850-1000℃, to spray ammonia water to remove nitrogen oxides.

[0030] The quench cooler 7 uses air to rapidly cool the flue gas down to 200℃. It employs a vertical tube heat exchanger, equipped with a soot blowing device 21 and an expansion device, and uses air-flue gas convection heat exchange. The preheated air is used by the system itself.

[0031] The plasma gasification melting furnace 1 is equipped with an online syngas composition monitoring and analysis instrument at the top. The top of the gasifier is equipped with an explosion-proof vent, and the bottom of the gasifier is equipped with a conventional slag outlet and a heavy metal slag outlet. The slag outlet is connected to the water quenching and cooling system 20. The molten slag is cooled by water quenching (or air cooling) to form vitrified slag, which can be disposed of as general solid waste.

[0032] A plasma torch 18 is provided at the bottom of the plasma gasification melting furnace 1. The power and number of plasma torches are selected according to the properties of the material, and the torches are at an angle of 10-30° to the radial direction of the furnace body. The burner mounting port 17 and the air supply port 19 are set according to the same principle as the plasma torch 18.

[0033] The top of the first heat exchanger 2 is connected to a soot blowing device 21. The SCR catalytic tower 11 removes nitrogen oxides from the flue gas. The SCR uses a low-temperature catalyst. The device can be selected as vertical or horizontal depending on the on-site operating space.

[0034] It also includes an induced draft fan 13 and a chimney 14, with the two ends of the induced draft fan 13 connected to the chimney 14 and the third heat exchanger 12, respectively.

[0035] This invention classifies chlorine-containing organic waste into three feeding methods: solid, liquid, and gas, ensuring continuous and stable feeding operation.

[0036] The hydroxyl radicals generated by plasma can fully decompose chlorinated organic waste, achieving a dioxin destruction rate of 99.9999%, and forming syngas such as HCl, CO, and H2. The inorganic components are solidified into a glassy state and can be treated as general solid waste.

[0037] The chlorine-containing gas-water heat exchanger uses a graphite structure to solve the equipment corrosion problem.

[0038] SNCR selects 2-3 spray gun points, chooses the optimal temperature, and automatically starts operation to ensure SNCR denitrification efficiency.

[0039] For rapid cooling, air-based rapid cooling can be selected to solve the wastewater treatment problem of water-based rapid cooling, ensuring that the flue gas temperature is reduced from 500°C to 200°C within 1 second. Hot air can also be used as furnace air, reducing energy consumption.

[0040] The pipeline heater 10 adopts a pipeline burner structure, which has a small footprint and low equipment investment. The burner output power and temperature point are controlled by PID, making it safe and reliable in operation.

[0041] The amount of air supplied to the syngas furnace is about 1 / 3 of the amount of air required for the complete combustion of the material, resulting in high calorific value of the syngas and low dust content.

[0042] The negative pressure inside the furnace is controlled by the PID frequency of the main induced draft fan, ensuring safe and reliable operation.

[0043] The acid absorption system is placed after the gasifier, and its processing capacity is relatively small, which can reduce the investment in acid absorption equipment. The acid components in the flue gas after the second combustion chamber 5 are removed, which solves the equipment corrosion problem.

[0044] The entire system operates under slight negative pressure to prevent the leakage of toxic and harmful gases.

[0045] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A plasma gasification melting apparatus for treating organic waste, characterized by comprising: It includes a feeding system, a plasma gasification melting furnace (1), a first heat exchanger (2), a falling film acid absorber (3), an alkaline scrubbing tower (4), a second combustion chamber (5), a second heat exchanger (6), a quench cooler (7), a bag filter (9), a heater (10), a catalytic tower (11), and a third heat exchanger (12) connected in sequence. The plasma gasification melting furnace (1) is used to gasify and crack the organic waste input by the feeding system to generate syngas, and the falling film acid absorber (3) is used for falling film acid absorption.

2. The plasma gasification melting apparatus for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein A quicklime spraying device (8) is also provided between the quencher (7) and the bag filter (9).

3. The plasma gasification melting apparatus for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein The feeding system includes a solid feeding device (15) and a liquid feeding device (16), which are respectively connected to the plasma gasification melting furnace (1).

4. The plasma gasification melting apparatus for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein The plasma gasification melting furnace (1) is also equipped with a water quenching cooling system (20) at its outlet end.

5. The plasma gasification melting apparatus for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein The plasma gasification melting furnace (1) is provided with a plasma torch (18), a burner mounting port (17) and an air supply port (19) on one side.

6. The plasma gasification melting apparatus for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein The top of the first heat exchanger (2) is connected to a soot blowing device (21).

7. The plasma gasification and melting device for treating organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an induced draft fan (13) and a chimney (14), with the two ends of the induced draft fan (13) connected to the chimney (14) and the third heat exchanger (12), respectively.

8. The plasma gasification melting apparatus for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein An acid filtration device (22) is provided at the bottom of the falling film acid absorber (3).

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