Dimming box with adjustable visual angle direction, display device and vehicle-mounted display screen

Abstract

The utility model discloses a dimming box with adjustable visual angle orientation, a display device and a vehicle-mounted display screen, the dimming box comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a first liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate is provided with a visual angle auxiliary electrode, the second substrate is provided with a visual angle control electrode, and the first liquid crystal layer is provided with a liquid crystal layer. The visual angle control electrode is matched with the visual angle auxiliary electrode; a prism structure layer is arranged on the side, facing the first liquid crystal layer, of the first substrate and / or the second substrate, the refractive index of the prism structure layer is located between the ordinary light refractive index and the extraordinary light refractive index of liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer, and the prism structure layer comprises a plurality of ribs with right-triangle-shaped sections. One right-angle side of the right triangle is parallel to the first substrate and the second substrate, and the other right-angle side of the right triangle is perpendicular to the first substrate and the second substrate. And the birefringence of the first liquid crystal layer is matched with a plurality of ribs with right-angled triangular cross sections, so that the adjustment of the view angle orientation is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a dimmer box with adjustable viewing angle and orientation, a display device, and an in-vehicle display screen. Background Technology

[0002] The complexity and information density of automotive information systems are increasing day by day, which means that the displays inside the car are no longer just focused on instrument displays, but must meet the needs of displaying increasingly detailed and diverse in-vehicle information.

[0003] As LCD prices continue to decrease, the specifications of in-vehicle displays are gradually surpassing those of previous large screens, and their development is accelerating. The increasing functionality of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), the promotion of rear-view display systems using rear cameras in the United States, and the relaxation of regulations on side mirrors and rearview mirrors all demand new display functions in automobiles. In-vehicle displays need to meet different consumer applications and performance requirements. In addition to basic performance parameters, they also need improved design and to provide displays that do not obstruct driving information.

[0004] Rearview mirrors are crucial for providing rear visibility while reversing or driving. Most cars currently use ordinary reflective rearview mirrors, while a few use electronic rearview mirrors. Electronic rearview mirrors, a newer type, primarily utilize an external camera and an internal display screen to show the camera's view. However, due to differences in height and build, different drivers will have varying optimal viewing angles in the rearview mirror. This deviation can easily lead to fatigue and accidents. Since the viewing angle of electronic rearview mirrors cannot be adjusted, they rely on mechanical structures to adjust the angle for the driver's viewing, a relatively complex system. Furthermore, many cars now feature a passenger-side screen for entertainment; however, because the viewing angle of this screen is also fixed, the driver can see its content, easily leading to distraction and reduced driving safety. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a dimming box, display device and vehicle display screen with adjustable viewing angle and orientation, so as to solve the problem that the viewing angle and orientation of the display in the existing technology cannot be adjusted.

[0006] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] This utility model provides a dimming box with adjustable viewing angle and orientation, including a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a first liquid crystal layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate is provided with a viewing angle auxiliary electrode, and the second substrate is provided with a viewing angle control electrode. The viewing angle control electrode and the viewing angle auxiliary electrode cooperate with each other.

[0008] A prism structure layer is provided on the side of the first substrate and / or the second substrate facing the first liquid crystal layer. The refractive index of the prism structure layer is located between the ordinary refractive index and the extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer. The prism structure layer includes a plurality of prisms with a cross-section of a right triangle. One right-angled side of the right triangle is parallel to the first substrate and the second substrate, and the other right-angled side is perpendicular to the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0009] Furthermore, there is a seamless connection between two adjacent ribs.

[0010] Furthermore, the prism structure layer includes multiple flat portions, and the prisms and the flat portions are arranged alternately.

[0011] Furthermore, the spacing between two adjacent ridges is 1~5µm, and the spacing between two adjacent flat portions is 1~5µm.

[0012] Furthermore, the refractive index of the prism structure layer is between 1.5 and 1.75.

[0013] Furthermore, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are positive liquid crystal molecules, and the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are aligned parallel to the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0014] Alternatively, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are negative liquid crystal molecules, and the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer are aligned perpendicular to the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0015] This application also provides a display device with adjustable viewing angle and orientation, including a display liquid crystal cell, a backlight module, and a dimming box as described above, which are stacked on top of each other. The dimming box and the display liquid crystal cell are both located on the light-emitting side of the backlight module.

[0016] A first polarizer is provided on the side of the display liquid crystal cell away from the dimming cell, and a second polarizer is provided between the dimming cell and the display liquid crystal cell. The transmission axes of the first polarizer and the second polarizer are perpendicular to each other, and the projection of the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer in the dimming cell onto the second polarizer is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer.

[0017] Furthermore, the dimming box is located on the side of the display liquid crystal cell facing the backlight module, or the dimming box is located on the side of the display liquid crystal cell away from the backlight module.

[0018] This application also provides a display device with adjustable viewing angle and orientation, including self-emissive display boxes stacked on top of each other and a dimming box as described above, wherein the dimming box is disposed on the light-emitting side of the self-emissive display box.

[0019] This application also provides an in-vehicle display screen, including the display device described above, wherein the in-vehicle display screen includes an electronic rearview mirror and / or a central control screen.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: By setting a prism structure layer composed of multiple prisms with right-angled triangle cross-sections on the side of the first substrate and / or the second substrate facing the first liquid crystal layer, the refractive index of the prism structure layer is located between the ordinary light refractive index and the extraordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer, and one right-angled side of the right-angled triangle is parallel to the first substrate and the second substrate, and the other right-angled side is perpendicular to the first substrate and the second substrate, by utilizing the birefringence of the first liquid crystal layer, by controlling the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer and combining it with the prism structure layer, the refraction effect of light in the corresponding direction can be achieved, so as to achieve the adjustment of the viewing angle. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the prism structure layer in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the rib in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the birefringence of liquid crystal molecules in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the right-angle viewing mode according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the right-angle viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the right-angle viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the left-side viewing mode according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the left-side viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 10 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the left-side viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0032] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0033] Figure 13 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0034] Figures 14a-14c This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the prism structure layer fabrication process in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0035] Figures 15a-15c This is the second schematic diagram of the prism structure layer fabrication process in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 17 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the prism structure layer in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0038] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the right / frontal viewing angle mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0039] Figure 19 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in right / normal viewing mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0040] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the left / frontal viewing angle mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0041] Figure 21 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the left / frontal viewing angle mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0042] Figure 22This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0043] Figure 23 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0044] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state in Embodiment 3 of this utility model.

[0045] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state in Embodiment 4 of this utility model.

[0046] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state in Embodiment 5 of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by this utility model to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the adjustable viewing angle dimming box, display device, and vehicle display screen proposed according to this utility model:

[0048] [Example 1]

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the prism structure layer in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the rib in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the birefringence of liquid crystal molecules in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in Embodiment 1 of this utility model, a viewing angle adjustable dimming box 10 includes a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12 disposed opposite to the first substrate 11, and a first liquid crystal layer 13 located between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. A viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 is provided on the first substrate 11, and a viewing angle control electrode 121 is provided on the second substrate 12. The viewing angle control electrode 121 and the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 cooperate with each other. By controlling the voltage on the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121, the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 is controlled, thereby controlling the dimming box 10 to display at different viewing angles. The viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 is a planar electrode covering the entire surface of the first substrate 11, and the viewing angle control electrode 121 is a planar electrode covering the entire surface of the second substrate 12.

[0051] In this embodiment, a prism structure layer 14 is provided on the side of the second substrate 12 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13. The refractive index of the prism structure layer 14 is located between the ordinary refractive index and the extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13. The prism structure layer 14 includes a plurality of prisms 141 with a right-angled triangle cross-section. One right-angled side of the right-angled triangle is parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the other right-angled side is perpendicular to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. Figure 3 As shown, the right triangle has a hypotenuse 141a, a first right-angled side 141b, and a second right-angled side 141c. The first right-angled side 141b is perpendicular to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, and the second right-angled side 141c is parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The hypotenuse 141a is inclined to the right relative to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. Of course, the hypotenuse 141a can also be inclined to the left relative to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The base angle and vertex angle of the right triangle can be set according to actual needs.

[0052] In this embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are positive liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy. The phase retardation of the positive liquid crystal molecules is preferably 800 nm, and the selectable range is 700 nm < phase retardation < 1200 nm. (Reference) Figure 1 As shown, in the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are aligned parallel to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 near the first substrate 11 is parallel to the alignment direction near the second substrate 12 (either forward parallel or reverse parallel). The positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 can have a small initial pretilt angle with the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The initial pretilt angle can be less than or equal to 7 degrees, i.e., 1°≦θ≦7°, to reduce the response time of the vertical deflection of the positive liquid crystal molecules, i.e., the response time of the viewing angle orientation switching. Of course, in other embodiments, the first liquid crystal layer 13 can also use negative liquid crystal molecules, i.e., liquid crystal molecules with negative dielectric anisotropy. The negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 are aligned perpendicular to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12, i.e., VA display mode.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, liquid crystal molecules have an ordinary refractive index No and an extraordinary refractive index Ne. The ordinary refractive index No corresponds to the short axis of the liquid crystal molecule, and the extraordinary refractive index Ne corresponds to the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule. The azimuth angle of the liquid crystal molecule is Φ. Therefore, the corresponding refractive index Neff can be calculated based on the deflection angle of the liquid crystal molecule. Optionally, the ordinary refractive index No of the liquid crystal molecules is 1.5, the ordinary refractive index Ne is 1.75, and the refractive index of the prism structure layer 14 is between 1.5 and 1.75. For example, the refractive index of the prism structure layer 14 is 1.6, and the prism structure layer 14 can be made of materials such as OC. The refractive index of the prism structure layer 14 can be selected from materials with other refractive indices according to actual needs, and is not limited to this. According to Snell's law: nα*Sinα=nβ*Sinβ, the difference in refractive index between the prism structure layer 14 and the liquid crystal molecules causes light to refract in different directions, achieving an effect of adjustable optimal viewing angle.

[0054] In this embodiment, two adjacent ribs 141 are seamlessly connected, meaning they are in close contact. The width of the rib 141 is 1~5µm, meaning the length of the first right-angled side 141b is 1~5µm. The width and height of the rib 141 can be set according to actual needs.

[0055] This embodiment also provides a display device with adjustable viewing angle, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the display device includes a display liquid crystal cell 20, a backlight module 40, and a dimming box 10 as described above, all stacked on top of each other. Both the dimming box 10 and the display liquid crystal cell 20 are located on the light-emitting side of the backlight module 40. In this embodiment, the dimming box 10 is located on the side of the display liquid crystal cell 20 facing the backlight module 40, that is, the dimming box 10 is located between the display liquid crystal cell 20 and the backlight module 40.

[0056] A first polarizer 31 is provided on the side of the display liquid crystal cell 20 away from the dimming box 10, and a second polarizer 32 is provided between the dimming box 10 and the display liquid crystal cell 20. The transmission axes of the first polarizer 31 and the second polarizer 32 are perpendicular to each other. Since the display liquid crystal cell 20 emits linearly polarized light, in order to reduce the impact of the dimming box 10 on the light transmittance, the projection of the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer 13 in the dimming box 10 onto the second polarizer 32 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 32.

[0057] The display liquid crystal cell 20 includes a color filter substrate 21, an array substrate 22 disposed opposite to the color filter substrate 21, and a second liquid crystal layer 23 located between the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22. In this embodiment, the color filter substrate 21 is disposed on the side of the second liquid crystal layer 23 away from the backlight module 40, and the array substrate 22 is disposed on the side of the second liquid crystal layer 23 facing the backlight module 40.

[0058] In this embodiment, the second liquid crystal layer 23 uses positive liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy, such as... Figure 1As shown, in the initial state, the positive liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal layer 23 are aligned parallel to the color filter substrate 21 and the array substrate 22, and the alignment direction of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the color filter substrate 21 is opposite to that of the positive liquid crystal molecules near the array substrate 22. Of course, in other embodiments, the second liquid crystal layer 23 may also use negative liquid crystal molecules, that is, liquid crystal molecules with negative dielectric anisotropy.

[0059] The color filter substrate 21 has a color resist layer 212 and black matrices (BM) 211 separating the color resist layer 212 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23. The color resist layer 212 includes, for example, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color resist materials, which respectively form red, green, and blue pixel units. The black matrices 211 are located between the red, green, and blue pixel units, so that adjacent pixel units are separated from each other by the black matrices 211.

[0060] On the side of the array substrate 22 facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, multiple scan lines and multiple data lines are mutually insulated and intersecting to form multiple pixel units. The black matrix 211 corresponds vertically to the scan lines and data lines. Each pixel unit is provided with a pixel electrode 222 and a thin-film transistor. The pixel electrode 222 is electrically connected to the data line of the adjacent thin-film transistor through the thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor includes a gate, an active layer, a drain, and a source. The gate and the scan line are located on the same layer and are electrically connected. The gate and the active layer are isolated by an insulating layer. The source is electrically connected to the data line. The drain is electrically connected to the pixel electrode 222 through a contact hole.

[0061] In this embodiment, a common electrode 221 is further provided on the side of the array substrate 22 facing the second liquid crystal layer 23. The common electrode 221 and the pixel electrode 222 are located on different layers and are insulated and isolated by an insulating layer. The common electrode 221 may be located above or below the pixel electrode 222. Figure 1The diagram shows the common electrode 221 located below the pixel electrode 222. Preferably, the common electrode 221 is a planar electrode disposed across the entire surface, and the pixel electrode 222 is a block electrode disposed within each pixel unit or a slit electrode with multiple electrode strips, to form a fringe field switching (FFS) mode. Of course, in other embodiments, the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 are located on the same layer, but they are insulated from each other. Both the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221 may include multiple electrode strips, and the electrode strips of the pixel electrode 222 and the electrode strips of the common electrode 221 are arranged alternately to form an in-plane switching (IPS) mode; or, in other embodiments, the array substrate 22 has a pixel electrode 222 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23, and the color filter substrate 21 has a common electrode 221 on the side facing the second liquid crystal layer 23 to form a TN mode or a VA mode. For further descriptions of the TN mode and VA mode, please refer to the prior art, which will not be repeated here.

[0062] The first substrate 11, the second substrate 12, the color filter substrate 21, and the array substrate 22 can be made of transparent substrates such as glass, acrylic, and polycarbonate. The viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111, the viewing angle control electrode 121, the common electrode 221, and the pixel electrode 222 can be made of transparent electrodes such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO).

[0063] The following explanation uses the following example: the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules is No=1.5, the ordinary refractive index is Ne=1.75, the refractive index of the prism structure layer 14 is 1.6, and the base angle α of the right triangle is 65°.

[0064] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the right-angle viewing mode according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the right-angle viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the right-angle viewing mode according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figures 5-7As shown, when the display device is in right-angle viewing mode, no voltage signal is applied to the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121, or the same voltage signal is applied. This results in no or a weak vertical electric field being formed between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121. The positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 do not deflect in the vertical direction and maintain their initial flat posture. At this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13, Neff=Ne=1.75, can be calculated according to the refractive index formula. Furthermore, according to Snell's law: 1.6*Sin65°=1.75*Sinβ1, β1=56°, the angle between the emitted light and the vertical direction is 9° and it is deflected to the right. That is, 9° (9° rightward deviation) is the optimal viewing angle at the right side of the display device.

[0065] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the left-side viewing mode according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the left-side viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 10 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the left-side viewing angle mode according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figures 8-10 As shown, when the display device is in the left-angle viewing mode, corresponding electrical signals are applied to the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121 respectively. The voltage difference between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121 is greater than a first preset value (e.g., greater than 7V), so that a strong vertical electric field is formed between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121. Figure 8 In the first liquid crystal layer 13 (E2), the positive liquid crystal molecules are significantly deflected in the vertical direction and perpendicular to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. At this time, the refractive index Neff=No=1.5 of the first liquid crystal layer 13 can be calculated according to the refractive index formula. According to Snell's law: 1.6*Sin65°=1.5*Sinβ2, β2=75°, the angle between the emitted light and the vertical direction is 10° and it is deflected to the left. That is, the best viewing angle is 10° to the left of the display device (10° to the left).

[0066] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 13 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode according to Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figures 11-13As shown, when the display device is in the positive viewing angle mode, i.e., perpendicular to the viewing angle of the display device, corresponding electrical signals are applied to the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121 respectively. The voltage difference between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121 is a second preset value (e.g., 1-5V), so that a strong vertical electric field is formed between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121. Figure 11 In the first liquid crystal layer 13 (E3), the positive liquid crystal molecules are significantly deflected in the vertical direction and tilted at a specific angle. At this time, the refractive index Neff of the first liquid crystal layer 13 can be calculated as 1.6 according to the refractive index formula. According to Snell's law: 1.6*Sin65°=1.6*Sinβ3, β3=65°, the angle between the emitted light and the vertical direction is 0°, that is, the best viewing angle is when the light is emitted perpendicularly to the display device and directly above the display device.

[0067] Of course, the deflection angle of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 can also be controlled by the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121, so that the refractive index Neff of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is between 1.5 and 1.75. According to Snell's law: nα*Sinα=nβ*Sinβ, β is between 56° and 75°, and the angle between the emitted light and the vertical direction is between 10° and deflected to the left and 9° and deflected to the right.

[0068] When the display cell 20 displays an image, it applies a common voltage to the common electrode 221 and a corresponding grayscale voltage to the pixel electrode 222, creating a voltage difference and generating a horizontal electric field between the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221. Figure 5 , Figure 8 , Figure 11 In the second liquid crystal layer 23 (E1), the positive liquid crystal molecules are deflected in the horizontal direction, thereby controlling the intensity of light passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23 and realizing grayscale display. The grayscale voltage includes 0 to 255 grayscale voltage levels. When different grayscale voltages are applied to the pixel electrode 222, the pixel unit presents different brightness, thereby displaying the image from different viewing angles.

[0069] Figures 14a-14c This is one of the structural schematic diagrams illustrating the fabrication process of the prism structure layer in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. For example... Figures 14a-14c As shown, the fabrication process of the prism structure layer 14 in this embodiment is as follows:

[0070] like Figure 14aAs shown, a substrate 1 is provided, and a refractive material layer 2 is applied to the entire surface of the substrate 1. The substrate 1 can be made of materials such as glass, quartz, silicon, acrylic, or polycarbonate. The substrate 1 can also be a flexible substrate. Suitable materials for flexible substrates include, for example, polyethersulfone (PES), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene (PE), polyimide (PI), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or combinations thereof. The refractive material layer 2 can be made of a high refractive index material, such as a high refractive index UV adhesive material (acrylate) or OC material, with a film thickness of ≥10 μm.

[0071] like Figures 14b-14c As shown, a patterned embossing mold 3 is provided, which has grooves corresponding to the ribs 141 and protrusions corresponding to the grooves between two adjacent ribs 141. The embossing mold 3 is used to emboss the refractive material layer 2. After embossing, the refractive material layer 2 is cured to form a prism structure layer 14 with multiple ribs 141. Then, the embossing mold 3 is peeled off.

[0072] Figures 15a-15c This is the second structural schematic diagram of the prism structure layer fabrication process in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. (See attached diagram.) Figures 15a-15c As shown, in another embodiment, the fabrication process of the prism structure layer 14 is as follows:

[0073] like Figure 15a As shown, a substrate 1 is provided, and a refractive material layer 2 is applied to the entire surface of the substrate 1. The substrate 1 can be made of materials such as glass, quartz, silicon, acrylic, or polycarbonate. The substrate 1 can also be a flexible substrate. Suitable materials for flexible substrates include, for example, polyethersulfone (PES), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene (PE), polyimide (PI), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or combinations thereof. The refractive material layer 2 can be made of a high refractive index material, such as a high refractive index UV adhesive material (acrylate) or OC material, with a film thickness of ≥10 μm.

[0074] like Figures 15b-15c As shown, a halftone mask 4 with a pattern is provided. The halftone mask 4 has a transparent area, a non-transparent area, and a semi-transparent area. The transparent area corresponds to the groove between two adjacent ridges 141, the non-transparent area corresponds to the top edge of the ridge 141, and the semi-transparent area corresponds to the bevel of the ridge 141. The refractive material layer 2 is exposed and developed using the halftone mask 4 as a mask, thereby solidifying the refractive material layer 2 to form a prism structure layer 14 with multiple ridges 141.

[0075] Of course, in other embodiments, the prism structure layer 14 can also be formed by etching directly on the surface of the substrate 1 through glass etching, without covering the entire surface of the refractive material layer 2, that is, the prism structure layer 14 can be directly formed on the surface of the first substrate 11 and / or the second substrate 12.

[0076] [Example 2]

[0077] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. Figure 17 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the prism structure layer in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. (See attached diagram.) Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown, the adjustable dimming box and display device provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model are similar to those in Embodiment 1. Figures 1 to 13 The adjustable dimming box and display device in the image are basically the same, except that:

[0078] In this embodiment, the prism structure layer 14 includes a plurality of flat portions 142, and the prisms 141 and the flat portions 142 are arranged alternately, so that the display device always has a good viewing angle, that is, the displayed image can always be seen clearly from a viewing angle perpendicular to the display device.

[0079] Furthermore, the spacing between two adjacent ridges 141 is 1~5µm, and the spacing between two adjacent flat portions 142 is 1~5µm, that is, the length of the first right-angled side 141b is 1~5µm, and the width of the flat portion 142 is 1~5µm. Optionally, the spacing between two adjacent ridges 141 is equal to the spacing between two adjacent flat portions 142, thereby ensuring that the display device always has a better viewing angle.

[0080] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the right / frontal viewing angle mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. Figure 19 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in right / center viewing mode according to Embodiment 2 of this utility model. Figure 18 and Figure 19As shown, in the right / frontal viewing mode, no voltage signal is applied to the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121, or the same voltage signal is applied. This results in no or a weak vertical electric field being formed between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121. The positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 do not deflect in the vertical direction and maintain their initial flat posture. At this time, the refractive index of the first liquid crystal layer 13, Neff=Ne=1.75, can be calculated according to the refractive index formula. According to Snell's law: 1.6*Sin65°=1.75*Sinβ1, β1=56°, the angle between the emitted light from the corresponding part of the ridge 141 and the vertical direction is 9° and it is deflected to the right, while the emitted light from the corresponding part of the flat part 142 is always perpendicular to the display device. Therefore, the optimal viewing angles for the display device are 9° to the right (9° to the right) and directly above.

[0081] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the left / frontal viewing angle mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. Figure 21 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the left / frontal viewing angle mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. Figure 20 and Figure 21 As shown, when the display device is in the left / frontal viewing angle mode, it applies corresponding electrical signals to the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121 respectively. The voltage difference between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121 is greater than a first preset value (e.g., greater than 7V), thereby creating a strong vertical electric field between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121. Figure 20 In the first liquid crystal layer 13 (E2), the positive liquid crystal molecules are significantly deflected in the vertical direction and are perpendicular to the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. At this time, the refractive index Neff=No=1.5 of the first liquid crystal layer 13 can be calculated according to the refractive index formula. According to Snell's law: 1.6*Sin65°=1.5*Sinβ2, β2=75°, the angle between the emitted light of the corresponding part of the ridge 141 and the vertical direction is 10° and it is deflected to the left. The emitted light of the corresponding part of the flat part 142 is always perpendicular to the display device. Therefore, the optimal viewing angle of the display device is 10° to the left (10° to the left) and directly above.

[0082] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. Figure 23 This is a simulation diagram of the display device in the positive orientation viewing mode in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. Figure 22 and Figure 23As shown, when the display device is in the positive viewing angle mode, i.e., perpendicular to the viewing angle of the display device, corresponding electrical signals are applied to the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121 respectively. The voltage difference between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121 is a second preset value (e.g., 1-5V), so that a strong vertical electric field is formed between the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121. Figure 22 In the first liquid crystal layer 13 (E3), the positive liquid crystal molecules are significantly deflected in the vertical direction and tilted at a specific angle. At this time, the refractive index Neff of the first liquid crystal layer 13 can be calculated as 1.6 according to the refractive index formula. According to Snell's law: 1.6*Sin65°=1.6*Sinβ3, β3=65°, the angle between the emitted light of the corresponding part of the ridge 141 and the vertical direction is 0°, while the emitted light of the corresponding part of the flat part 142 is always perpendicular to the display device. That is, the best viewing angle is when the light is emitted perpendicular to the display device and directly above the display device.

[0083] Of course, the deflection angle of the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer 13 can also be controlled by the viewing angle auxiliary electrode 111 and the viewing angle control electrode 121, so that the refractive index Neff of the first liquid crystal layer 13 is between 1.5 and 1.75. According to Snell's law: nα*Sinα=nβ*Sinβ, β is between 56° and 75°, and the angle between the emitted light of the corresponding part of the ridge 141 and the vertical direction is between 10° and deflected to the left and 9° and deflected to the right.

[0084] When the display cell 20 displays an image, it applies a common voltage to the common electrode 221 and a corresponding grayscale voltage to the pixel electrode 222, creating a voltage difference and generating a horizontal electric field between the pixel electrode 222 and the common electrode 221. Figure 18 , Figure 20 , Figure 22 In the second liquid crystal layer 23 (E1), the positive liquid crystal molecules are deflected in the horizontal direction, thereby controlling the intensity of light passing through the second liquid crystal layer 23 and realizing grayscale display. The grayscale voltage includes 0 to 255 grayscale voltage levels. When different grayscale voltages are applied to the pixel electrode 222, the pixel unit presents different brightness, thereby displaying the image from different viewing angles.

[0085] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structure and working principle of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0086] [Example 3]

[0087] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state according to Embodiment 3 of this utility model. Figure 24As shown, the adjustable dimming box and display device provided in Embodiment 3 of this utility model are similar to those in Embodiment 1. Figures 1 to 13 Example 2 Figures 16 to 23 The adjustable dimming box and display device in the image are basically the same, except that:

[0088] In this embodiment, the dimming box 10 is located on the side of the display liquid crystal cell 20 away from the backlight module 40, that is, the display liquid crystal cell 20 is located between the dimming box 10 and the backlight module 40. Since the dimming box 10 is close to the user, the light emitted by the dimming box 10 can be directly seen by the user, thereby enabling the display device to achieve better adjustment of the viewing angle.

[0089] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structures and working principles of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0090] [Example 4]

[0091] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state according to Embodiment 4 of this utility model. Figure 25 As shown, the adjustable dimming box and display device provided in Embodiment 4 of this utility model are similar to those in Embodiment 1. Figures 1 to 13 Example 2 Figures 16 to 23 Example 3 Figure 24 The adjustable dimming box and display device in the image are basically the same, except that:

[0092] In this embodiment, a prism structure layer 14 is provided on the side of the first substrate 11 facing the first liquid crystal layer 13. Of course, in other embodiments, a prism structure layer 14 may also be provided on both the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer 13 to improve the angle of view orientation shift.

[0093] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structures and working principles of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and Embodiment 3, and will not be repeated here.

[0094] [Example 5]

[0095] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the display device in its initial state according to Embodiment 5 of this utility model. Figure 26 As shown, the adjustable dimming box and display device provided in Embodiment 5 of this utility model are similar to those in Embodiment 1. Figures 1 to 13 Example 2 Figures 16 to 23 Example 3 Figure 24 Example 4 Figure 24The adjustable dimming box and display device in the image are basically the same, except that:

[0096] In this embodiment, the display device includes a self-emissive display box 50 stacked on top of each other and a dimming box 10 as described above. The dimming box 10 is located on the light-emitting side of the self-emissive display box 50. That is, in this embodiment, the dimming box 10 and the self-emissive display box 50 cooperate with each other.

[0097] The self-emissive display cell 50 is an OLED display panel. The self-emissive display cell 50 includes a substrate 51 and an anode 52, an emissive layer 53, and a cathode 54 sequentially disposed on the substrate 51. The anode 52 and cathode 54 are used to control the light-emitting state of the emissive layer 53. By applying corresponding electrical signals to the anode 52 and cathode 54, the corresponding emissive layer 53 is controlled to emit light. The anode 52 may include an indium tin oxide (ITO) trace layer, a silver (Ag) reflective layer, and an ITO electrode layer sequentially disposed on the substrate 51. The ITO trace layer and ITO electrode layer can also be replaced by an indium zinc oxide (IZO) trace layer and IZO electrode layer, etc. The cathode 54 can be made of materials such as silver, silver-magnesium (Mg) alloy, molybdenum (Mo), or aluminum (AL). It is understood that the anode 52, emissive layer 53, and cathode 54 are not a single-surface structure, but rather have a patterned structure corresponding to pixels. For a more detailed introduction to OLED display panels, please refer to existing technologies; further details are omitted here.

[0098] Those skilled in the art should understand that the remaining structures and working principles of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, and Embodiment 4, and will not be repeated here.

[0099] This application also provides an in-vehicle display screen, including the display device described above, comprising an electronic rearview mirror and / or a central control screen. When the in-vehicle display screen is an electronic rearview mirror, the driver can adjust the optimal viewing angle via the dimming box 10, eliminating the need for a mechanical structure to adjust the angle of the electronic rearview mirror, thus simplifying the structure. When the in-vehicle display screen is a central control screen, such as a secondary screen of the central control screen or a screen for the passenger side, it can be viewed only by the passenger or by both the passenger and rear passengers, avoiding the driver's view and improving driving safety.

[0100] In this document, the directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, and back are defined according to the position of the structures in the accompanying drawings and the relative positions of the structures, and are only used for clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of these directional terms should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application. It should also be understood that the terms "first" and "second," etc., used herein are only used for distinction in name and are not used to limit the number or order.

[0101] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Although the present utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present utility model. These are equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present utility model shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A light adjusting box with adjustable viewing angle direction, characterized in that, The device includes a first substrate (11), a second substrate (12) disposed opposite to the first substrate (11), and a first liquid crystal layer (13) located between the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12). The first substrate (11) is provided with a viewing angle assist electrode (111), and the second substrate (12) is provided with a viewing angle control electrode (121). The viewing angle control electrode (121) and the viewing angle assist electrode (111) cooperate with each other. The first substrate (11) and / or the second substrate (12) have a prism structure layer (14) on the side facing the first liquid crystal layer (13). The refractive index of the prism structure layer (14) is between the ordinary refractive index and the extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13). The prism structure layer (14) includes a plurality of prisms (141) with a cross-section of a right triangle. One right-angled side of the right triangle is parallel to the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12), and the other right-angled side is perpendicular to the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12).

2. The viewing angle azimuthally adjustable light modulating box of claim 1, wherein, The two adjacent ribs (141) are seamlessly connected.

3. The viewing angle azimuthally adjustable light modulating box of claim 1, wherein, The prism structure layer (14) includes a plurality of flat portions (142), and the prism strips (141) and the flat portions (142) are arranged alternately.

4. The viewing angle azimuthally adjustable light modulating cassette of claim 3, wherein, The spacing between two adjacent ribs (141) is 1~5 μm, and the spacing between two adjacent flat portions (142) is 1~5 μm.

5. The viewing angle azimuthally adjustable light modulating box of claim 1, wherein, The refractive index of the prism structure layer (14) is between 1.5 and 1.

75.

6. The viewing angle azimuthally adjustable light modulating box of claim 1, wherein, The liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are positive liquid crystal molecules, and the positive liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are aligned parallel to the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12). Alternatively, the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are negative liquid crystal molecules, and the negative liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer (13) are aligned perpendicular to the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12).

7. A display device with adjustable viewing angle orientation, characterized in that The device includes a display liquid crystal cell (20) stacked on top of each other, a backlight module (40), and a dimming box (10) as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the dimming box (10) and the display liquid crystal cell (20) are both located on the light-emitting side of the backlight module (40). The display liquid crystal cell (20) has a first polarizer (31) on the side away from the dimming cell (10), and a second polarizer (32) is provided between the dimming cell (10) and the display liquid crystal cell (20). The light transmission axes of the first polarizer (31) and the second polarizer (32) are perpendicular to each other. The projection of the alignment direction of the first liquid crystal layer (13) in the dimming cell (10) onto the second polarizer (32) is parallel to the light transmission axis of the second polarizer (32).

8. The viewing angle azimuth adjustable display device according to claim 7, wherein, The dimming box (10) is located on the side of the display liquid crystal cell (20) facing the backlight module (40), or the dimming box (10) is located on the side of the display liquid crystal cell (20) away from the backlight module (40).

9. A display device with adjustable viewing angle orientation, characterized in that The display device comprises a self-luminous display box (50) and a light-adjusting box (10) as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, which is arranged on the light-emitting side of the self-luminous display box (50).

10. A vehicle display screen, characterized by The display device as claimed in any one of claims 7-9, wherein the vehicle-mounted display screen comprises an electronic rearview mirror and / or a center control screen.

Images