Rainwater collection and irrigation device for loess plateau

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rainwater collecting and irrigating device for a loess plateau. The rainwater collecting and irrigating device mainly solves the problems of water and soil loss, water scarcity and agricultural irrigation in specific areas. Comprising a rainwater collecting shed, a power supply system, a filtering unit, a water storage tank, a micro water pump and a water dropper, wherein the rainwater collecting shed is connected with the water storage tank through a central pipeline, the micro water pump is mounted in the water storage tank, and a water outlet of the micro water pump is connected with the dripper through a bent water pipe extending to the ground; large-range coverage is formed in the loess plateau area through a rainwater collection greenhouse, and water and soil are kept after the greenhouse is made of a net-shaped water-permeable material to weaken the impact force of rainstorm; the collected rainwater is filtered and then collected to the water storage system; and meanwhile, a power supply system is arranged outside the device, so that integration and automation of the whole device are realized. According to the regional characteristics of the loess plateau area, the utilization rate of natural water resources in the loess plateau area can be effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of water resource utilization technology, and further relates to rainwater harvesting and land irrigation technology. Specifically, it is a rainwater harvesting and irrigation device for the Loess Plateau, which can be used for soil and water conservation in water-scarce areas. Background Technology

[0002] Patent document CN202122319953 discloses a rainwater irrigation device with a highly stable rainfall sensor, mainly composed of a rainwater collection tank, a backup water tank, and irrigation components. It collects and stores rainwater using a rainwater collection bucket, then connects to sprinklers for irrigation. While its simple structure addresses the issue of rainwater reuse to some extent, it doesn't fully consider the regional characteristics of the Loess Plateau. The collection area of ​​the bucket is relatively small, and large-scale coverage would be costly and exacerbate water scarcity in the covered area. Furthermore, the sprinkler irrigation method in the plateau region leads to rapid evaporation and waste of water. Therefore, there is an urgent need to research and propose an effective solution to improve the water scarcity and severe soil erosion in the Loess Plateau region. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology by proposing a rainwater harvesting and irrigation device for the Loess Plateau. This device solves the problem that existing solutions fail to fully collect and convert natural rainwater under special geographical conditions, resulting in poor irrigation effects. This invention can significantly improve water resource utilization and reduce soil erosion.

[0004] The approach to achieving the purpose of this utility model is as follows: First, a high-rise, vertical rainwater harvesting greenhouse is used to create a large-scale, wide-area coverage in the Loess Plateau region, collecting rainwater from the covered area during rainfall. Then, the rainwater flows through a central pipe into an underground rainwater collection system, thus preventing the high kinetic energy of heavy rain from eroding the ground, causing surface runoff, and resulting in soil erosion. Simultaneously, the greenhouse is constructed using a mesh-like permeable material, allowing some rainwater to infiltrate to the ground after its kinetic energy is significantly reduced, effectively moistening the soil and irrigating the covered area and surrounding grasslands. The rainwater collection system filters most of the rainwater and collects it in an underground storage system, which is then directly connected to a drip irrigation system via a pump. This allows for drip irrigation of crops during periods of drought, maximizing the utilization of rainwater during heavy rains. Furthermore, a high-power solar panel is installed at the top of the device to use the electricity collected on sunny days as the power supply for the entire system, achieving integrated automation. This utility model is designed for the Loess Plateau region, taking into account its scarce and uneven natural rainfall. Considering aspects such as soil and water conservation and economic restructuring, the designed irrigation device can effectively improve local soil erosion and solve the problem of natural water resource utilization for plant irrigation in the region.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model includes the following:

[0006] A rainwater collection and irrigation device for the Loess Plateau includes a rainwater collection shed 1, a power supply system 2, a filter unit 3, a water storage tank 4, a micro water pump 5, and drippers 6; wherein the rainwater collection shed 1 is connected to the water storage tank 4 through a central pipe, the micro water pump 5 is installed inside the water storage tank 4, and its outlet is connected to the drippers 6 through a bent water pipe extending to the ground.

[0007] The rainwater collection shed 1 includes a permeable shed body and a supporting frame, wherein the supporting frame is used to support the shed body as it extends above the ground and maintain stability when rainwater impacts; the middle of the shed body bends downward to form a U-shape, and a water passage hole is opened at the center of its bottom surface;

[0008] The power supply system 2 uses solar panels installed at any position on the upper surface of the rainwater collection shed 1. Through the photoelectric conversion principle, the solar radiation is converted into electrical energy through semiconductor materials and transmitted to the micro water pump 5 via circuit to provide power.

[0009] The filtration unit 3 includes a triple filtration element and an activated carbon filter, both of which are installed in the central pipe to filter and purify the rainwater collected by the rainwater collection shed 1 and flowing through the water passage through the central pipe.

[0010] The water storage tank 4 is used to store rainwater purified by the filter unit 3 and output it through the miniature water pump 5 inside the tank.

[0011] The dripper 6 is a pressure-compensated dripper with adjustable flow rate, used to achieve micro-irrigation and drip irrigation of the ground.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned permeable shed is achieved by using permeable material shed fabric or mesh or porous repellent material shed fabric.

[0013] Furthermore, the aforementioned solar panel has an open-circuit voltage of not less than 2V in an indoor environment and not less than 5V under sunlight in an outdoor environment, meeting the minimum energy requirements for the normal operation of the micro water pump 5.

[0014] Furthermore, a wind turbine is used to replace the solar panel to provide power, and the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by a wind power transmission device and transmitted to the micro water pump 5 via a circuit.

[0015] Furthermore, the aforementioned filter unit 3 specifically includes a triple filtration element arranged vertically and interconnected, and an activated carbon filter. The triple filtration element comprises a fly ash layer, a gravel layer, and a sand and gravel layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The fly ash layer is a mixture of soil and fly ash, wherein the soil portion contains plant roots. The gravel layer and sand and gravel layer are designed based on the reverse filter layer of hydraulic structures, with particle sizes of 1cm-2cm and 4cm-5cm, respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, the aforementioned miniature water pump 5 is equipped with a filter, a measuring instrument, and a controller. The filter is located at the water inlet to prevent impurities in the water tank from clogging the pump. The measuring instrument includes at least monitoring devices for water storage capacity, pressure, and flow rate. The controller adjusts the operating status of the miniature water pump 5 based on the data from the measuring instrument. The measuring instrument monitors the water level, water pressure, and inlet flow rate of the water storage tank 4 in real time and feeds the monitoring data back to the controller immediately. The controller controls the pump's operating status to achieve water volume transportation and distribution control in the water storage tank 4. Specifically, the controller controls the pump's on / off state and adjusts the pump's outlet flow rate when the pump is on. The adjustment of the pump's outlet flow rate is achieved by adjusting the outlet speed of the miniature water pump 5 through the regulating device, so that the water in the water storage tank 4 is transported uniformly to the dripper 6 at a preset speed through the outlet pipe.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] First, because this utility model adopts a high-altitude column-type vertical rainwater collection shed and the shed material is permeable, it has the characteristics of wide coverage and large area. It can effectively intercept rainwater over a large area during rainfall. At the same time, the permeability prevents the land below the coverage from receiving normal rainwater during the rainwater collection process. In addition, this design protects the covered area from direct erosion by heavy rain, reduces the kinetic energy of rainwater on the ground, and prevents the formation of surface runoff and the resulting soil erosion problems.

[0019] Secondly, before rainwater enters the underground water storage system, this utility model is designed with a triple filtration element and an activated carbon filter to filter it efficiently, effectively removing impurities such as mud and sand, reducing the probability of equipment blockage and malfunction caused by excessive impurities in natural rainwater during water resource reuse.

[0020] Third, because this utility model uses pressure-compensated drippers instead of traditional sprinklers during irrigation, this water-saving irrigation design is particularly suitable for water-scarce environments in arid regions. It avoids the large amount of water sprayed out due to evaporation caused by high temperatures and strong winds, thereby effectively reducing water evaporation during irrigation in plateau regions and making full use of precipitation resources to avoid waste.

[0021] Fourth, considering that the Loess Plateau region has abundant sunshine all year round, this utility model has installed high-power solar panels on the top of the rainwater collection shed to collect electricity on sunny days to provide power support for the operation of the entire device, realizing the integrated and automated operation of the equipment. Attached image description:

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of the device of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a top view of the overall structure of the device of this utility model;

[0026] The corresponding numbers in the attached diagram are as follows: 1-Rainwater collection shed, 2-Power supply system, 3-Triple filtration element and activated carbon filter, 4-Water storage tank, 5-Miniature water pump, 6-Drip irrigation dripper. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Example 1: Refer to Figure 1 The present invention proposes a rainwater collection and irrigation device for the Loess Plateau, which specifically includes: a rainwater collection shed 1, a power supply system 2, a filter unit 3, a water storage tank 4, a micro water pump 5, and drippers 6; wherein the rainwater collection shed 1 is connected to the water storage tank 4 through a central pipe, the micro water pump 5 is installed inside the water storage tank 4, and its outlet is connected to the drippers 6 through a bent water pipe extending to the ground.

[0029] The rainwater harvesting shed 1 includes a permeable shed body and a supporting frame, wherein the supporting frame is used to support the shed body as it extends above the ground and maintain a stable state when rainwater impacts it; the middle of the shed body bends downward to form a U-shape, and a water passage hole is opened at the center of its bottom surface; in this embodiment, the above-mentioned permeable shed body is achieved by using a permeable material shed cloth or a mesh or porous repellent material shed cloth, which is used to control the diameter of rainwater and slow down the kinetic energy of rainwater falling, thereby reducing the direct scouring effect of natural rainwater on the ground.

[0030] The power supply system 2 uses solar panels installed at any position on the upper surface of the rainwater collection shed 1. Through photoelectric conversion, solar radiation is transformed into electrical energy via semiconductor materials and transmitted to the micro water pump 5 via a circuit. In this embodiment, the power supply system is self-powered, capable of maintaining normal operation even in the event of power outages due to severe weather such as storms. It includes solar and wind power generation devices, preferably using solar panels to meet the minimum energy requirements for the normal operation of the micro water pump 5, i.e., an open-circuit voltage of not less than 2V indoors and not less than 5V under sunlight outdoors. Alternatively, a wind turbine can be used to replace the solar panels, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy via wind power transmission equipment and transmitting it to the micro water pump 5 via a circuit.

[0031] The filtration unit 3 comprises a triple filtration element and an activated carbon filter, both housed within a central pipe. It filters and purifies the rainwater collected by the rainwater collection shed 1 and flowing through the central pipe via water passages. Specifically, the unit includes a triple filtration element and an activated carbon filter arranged vertically and interconnected. The triple filtration element comprises, from top to bottom, a fly ash layer, a gravel layer, and a sand and gravel layer. The fly ash layer is a mixture of soil and fly ash, with the soil portion containing plant roots. The gravel and sand and gravel layers are designed based on the reverse filter layer of a hydraulic structure; in this embodiment, their preferred particle sizes are 1cm-2cm and 4cm-5cm, respectively.

[0032] The water storage tank 4 is used to store rainwater purified by the filter unit 3 and output it through the miniature water pump 5 inside the tank.

[0033] The miniature water pump 5 is equipped with a filter, a measuring instrument, and a controller. The filter is located at the water inlet to prevent impurities in the water tank from clogging the pump. The measuring instrument includes at least water storage capacity, pressure, and flow rate monitoring devices. The controller adjusts the operating status of the miniature water pump 5 based on the data from the measuring instrument. In this embodiment, the measuring instrument monitors the water level, water pressure, and inlet flow rate of the water storage tank 4 in real time and feeds the monitoring data back to the controller immediately. The controller controls the operating status of the water pump to achieve water transport and distribution control in the water storage tank 4. Specifically, the control here is the on / off state of the water pump. When the water pump is on, the outlet speed of the miniature water pump 5 is adjusted by the regulating device so that the water in the water storage tank 4 is transported uniformly to the dripper 6 through the outlet pipe at a preset speed.

[0034] Example 2: The overall architecture of the rainwater harvesting irrigation device proposed in this example is the same as that in Example 1. Please refer to the appendix for details. Figure 1-3 Specific examples of the structure of this utility model device are given for further detailed description:

[0035] The device proposed in this embodiment consists of a rainwater collection shed, a power supply system (preferably solar panels as the energy acquisition method for the power supply system in this embodiment), a filtration assembly (preferably using triple filtration elements and activated carbon filters as the filtration assembly, but other physical or chemical filtration methods can also be used to construct the filtration assembly), a water storage tank, a micro water pump, and drip irrigation emitters; wherein the rainwater collection shed is used to collect rainwater, and the rainwater collection shed adopts a permeable circular shed and a plastic frame, which can control the diameter of rainwater to reduce the erosion of the ground, and the permeability is achieved by using... The system is constructed using permeable tarpaulin or mesh-like materials; solar panels provide power to the entire system using solar energy; a filter assembly is installed at the lower end of the collection shed and the upper end of the water storage tank, connecting the collection shed and the water storage tank to transport the rainwater collected by the collection shed to the water storage tank, where it is filtered using a triple filtration element and an activated carbon filter before being stored in the water storage tank; a miniature water pump is installed inside the water storage tank to pump the collected and filtered rainwater to drip irrigation emitters for drip irrigation of crops.

[0036] Specifically, the collection shed adopts a high-rise column-type rainwater collection shed, which includes a permeable circular shed and a plastic frame. The middle of the shed bends downward to form a U-shaped terrain, which facilitates the collection of rainwater. A water passage hole is opened at the center of the bottom surface.

[0037] Solar panels utilize the photoelectric conversion principle to convert solar radiation into electrical energy through semiconductor materials, which is used to power water pumps. In this embodiment, a solar panel with an open-circuit voltage of up to 2V is preferred, while one with an open-circuit voltage of about 5V can be used in an outdoor environment under sunlight.

[0038] The filtration assembly includes a triple filtration element arranged vertically and connected to an activated carbon filter, with the upper end of the triple filtration element connected to the water collection shed 1. The triple filtration element includes a fly ash layer (actually a mixture of soil and fly ash), a gravel layer (particle size 1cm-2cm), and a sand and gravel layer (particle size 4cm-5cm) arranged vertically. The fly ash layer can filter through plant roots during rainwater infiltration to remove impurities and pollutants from the rainwater. The lower end of the activated carbon filter is connected to a water storage tank to allow the filtered water to be stored in the water storage tank.

[0039] The water outlet assembly includes a miniature water pump, an outlet pipe, and drippers. The water pump is installed inside the water storage tank, and its outlet is connected to one end of the water pipe, while the other end of the water pipe extends outside the water storage tank and connects to the drippers. A filter control and measuring instrument can be added to the water pump. Water is then evenly delivered to the drippers via pipes and necessary regulating devices, such as pressure gauges and flow regulators. For example, a controller can be added to control the water pump's operation. Based on data detected by the measuring instrument, the controller can adjust the water pump's output speed when the data exceeds a set threshold, thus stabilizing the water storage tank's capacity. Furthermore, the control of the water pump's operation includes manual activation during dry seasons. This process can also be achieved by connecting the controller to external intelligent sensing devices such as temperature sensors and humidity detectors. For instance, with a humidity detector, when the humidity value is below a preset threshold, it indicates a drought in the current area, and the controller activates the miniature water pump for regional irrigation. The water pump is powered by a surface-mounted solar power system, a kinetic energy converter connected to a power sensor on sports equipment, or a hand-cranked generator. The drippers are pressure-compensated drippers with adjustable flow rates, enabling micro-irrigation and drip irrigation.

[0040] This embodiment collects and stores natural precipitation, reducing rainwater runoff and increasing the utilization of rainwater resources to achieve water-saving irrigation. The rainwater harvesting device designed here is effective for water conservation and soil protection in the Loess Plateau region. Firstly, in terms of production, it collects natural rainwater to provide agricultural water, especially in arid areas, for irrigating farmland and planting crops, improving land productivity and economic output in the Loess Plateau region, and providing water sources for drinking water for humans and livestock and for dryland irrigation. Secondly, in terms of ecology, it reduces the soil loosening and gully formation caused by rainwater directly hitting the ground during heavy rainfall, mitigating the erosion and impact of raindrops, and mitigating soil erosion caused by slope runoff. It also collects clean water for irrigation. Furthermore, the efficient natural rainwater harvesting device is integrated and automated, facilitating management and operation, and is easy to install and maintain, greatly increasing water collection efficiency and utilization, achieving efficient utilization and transformation of water resources. Furthermore, the use of solar energy collection equipment enables continuous power supply, eliminating the need for additional energy sources and achieving the advantages of being green and environmentally friendly. This technology can be widely applied in the Loess Plateau and other areas with severe soil erosion, and has significant practical value and application value for the development of water-saving agriculture.

[0041] The parts of this utility model that are not described in detail are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Obviously, those skilled in the art, after understanding the content and principle of the present utility model, may make various modifications and changes in form and details without departing from the principle and structure of the present utility model. However, these modifications and changes based on the concept of the present utility model are still within the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A rainwater harvesting and irrigation device for the Loess Plateau, characterized in that, include: Rainwater collection shed (1), power supply system (2), filter unit (3), water storage tank (4), micro water pump (5), dripper (6); wherein the rainwater collection shed (1) is connected to the water storage tank (4) through a central pipe, the micro water pump (5) is installed inside the water storage tank (4), and its outlet is connected to the dripper (6) through a bend water pipe extending to the ground; The rainwater collection shed (1) includes a permeable shed body and a support frame, wherein the support frame is used to support the shed body to extend above the ground and maintain a stable state when rainwater impacts; the middle of the shed body bends downward to form a U-shaped terrain, and a water passage hole is opened at the center of its bottom surface; The power supply system (2) uses solar panels installed at any position on the upper surface of the rainwater collection shed (1). Through the photoelectric conversion principle, the solar radiation light is converted into electrical energy through semiconductor materials and transmitted to the micro water pump (5) through the circuit to achieve power supply. The filtration unit (3) includes a triple filtration element and an activated carbon filter, both of which are installed in the central pipe to filter and purify the rainwater collected by the rainwater collection shed (1) and flowing through the water passage through the central pipe. The water storage tank (4) is used to store rainwater purified by the filtration unit (3) and output it through a miniature water pump (5) inside the tank. The dripper (6) is a pressure-compensated dripper with adjustable flow rate, used to achieve micro-irrigation and drip irrigation of the ground.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable shed is achieved by using permeable material shed fabric or mesh or porous repellent material shed fabric.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar panel has an open-circuit voltage of not less than 2V in an indoor environment and not less than 5V under sunlight in an outdoor environment, which meets the minimum energy requirements for the normal operation of the micro water pump (5).

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The solar panels are replaced by wind turbines to provide power, and the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by wind power transmission equipment and transmitted to the micro water pump (5) via circuit.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter unit (3) specifically includes a triple filter element arranged vertically and connected to an activated carbon filter, wherein the triple filter element includes a fly ash layer, a gravel layer and a sand and gravel layer arranged from top to bottom.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gravel layer and sand layer are designed based on the reverse filter layer of hydraulic structures, and their particle sizes are 1cm-2cm and 4cm-5cm, respectively.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro water pump (5) is equipped with a filter, a measuring instrument and a controller; the filter is located at the water inlet and is used to prevent impurities in the water tank from clogging the water pump; the measuring instrument includes at least water storage, pressure and flow monitoring equipment; the controller regulates the working status of the micro water pump (5) according to the data of the measuring instrument.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: The measuring instrument monitors the water level, water pressure and inlet flow of the water storage tank (4) in real time and feeds the monitoring data back to the controller in an instant. The controller controls the working status of the water pump to realize the water transport and allocation control of the water in the water storage tank (4).

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: The controller controls the working status of the water pump, specifically by controlling the on / off state of the water pump and adjusting the water flow rate when the water pump is on.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that: The water flow rate of the regulating water pump is adjusted by adjusting the water flow rate of the micro water pump (5) through the regulating device, so that the water in the water storage tank (4) is transported to the dripper (6) at a preset speed through the water outlet pipe.

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