Universal testing machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses a universal testing machine, comprising a driving rack comprising an installation interval and a sliding crossbeam, the installation interval extends along a first direction, the sliding crossbeam is arranged in the installation interval, two ends of the sliding crossbeam along a second direction are correspondingly connected with inner sides of two ends of the driving rack, and the driving rack drives the sliding crossbeam to move along the first direction; an experimental pressure head is arranged at the bottom of the sliding cross beam and extends along a first direction; the base is arranged at the bottom of the installation section and extends in the first direction. The supporting mechanism comprises a mounting block, a supporting seat, a first sliding block and a second sliding block, and the supporting seat is arranged at the top of the base corresponding to the experimental pressure head in the first direction; the mounting block is arranged at the top of the supporting base, and a sliding groove extending in the second direction is formed in the top; the first sliding block and the second sliding block are symmetrically arranged at the top of the supporting base in the second direction and are in sliding fit connection with the sliding groove, so that the size of the experiment space is adjustable to adapt to various different types of tests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of testing equipment for the mechanical properties of building materials, and in particular to a universal testing machine. Background Technology

[0002] A universal testing machine is a material testing machine that integrates functions such as tensile, bending, compression, shear, and ring stiffness testing. It is mainly used for mechanical property testing of metallic and non-metallic materials and is an ideal testing device for industrial and mining enterprises, research institutions, universities, and engineering quality supervision stations. However, most universal testing machines currently in use have a fixed experimental space size, making them unable to accommodate specimens of different sizes and shapes, and thus unable to perform various types of tests, thus reducing the applicable scope of the testing machine. Utility Model Content

[0003] To overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a universal testing machine to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is a universal testing machine, comprising:

[0005] A drive frame includes an installation section and a sliding crossbeam. The installation section extends along a first direction, and the sliding crossbeam is disposed within the installation section. Its two ends along a second direction are correspondingly connected to the inner sides of both ends of the drive frame, and are used to drive the sliding crossbeam to move along the first direction via the drive frame. A test pressure head is provided at the bottom of the sliding crossbeam, and the test pressure head extends along the first direction.

[0006] A base is located at the bottom of the installation area and extends along the first direction;

[0007] The support mechanism includes a mounting block, a support base, a first slider, and a second slider. The support base is disposed on the top of the base along the first direction, corresponding to the experimental pressure head. The mounting block is disposed on the top of the support base, and the top is provided with a sliding groove extending along the second direction. The first slider and the second slider are symmetrically disposed on the top of the support base along the second direction and are slidably connected with the sliding groove.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the connecting wire connects the drive frame to the external control equipment, enabling the driving and adjustment of the sliding crossbeam's vertical position. The drive frame directly drives the sliding crossbeam along the first direction, reducing energy loss and mechanical errors during transmission. This allows for more precise control of the sliding crossbeam's speed and position, thereby improving experimental accuracy and repeatability. The experimental indenter extends along the first direction, aligning its movement with that of the sliding crossbeam for better force and displacement transmission. The support mechanism employs a first and second slider symmetrically arranged along the second direction, slidingly engaging with grooves on the mounting block. This symmetrical slider design, compared to a single slider or fixed support, better disperses and balances the forces generated during the experiment, while also allowing for adjustable experimental space to accommodate various experimental types.

[0009] Furthermore, both the first slider and the second slider include a sliding part and a supporting part. The sliding part is disposed at the bottom of the first slider and the bottom of the second slider and is adapted to the size of the groove. The supporting part is disposed at the top of the first slider and the top of the second slider, and at the ends of the first slider and the second slider facing each other along the second direction, for supporting the workpiece.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the sliding part is located at the bottom of the first and second sliders and is adapted to the size of the slide groove. This design ensures a tight fit between the slider and the slide groove, effectively reducing gaps and wobbling during the sliding process. The support part is located at the opposite ends of the first and second sliders; this symmetrical layout ensures that the workpiece is subjected to uniform force during the test.

[0011] Furthermore, both the first slider and the second slider are provided with a fixed through hole extending along the first direction, the fixed through hole being provided in correspondence with the slide groove along the first direction, and the slide groove being provided with a plurality of threaded holes spaced apart along the second direction.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, both the first slider and the second slider are provided with fixed through holes extending along the first direction. These through holes are corresponding to the threaded holes on the slide groove. The workpiece is directly fixed on the slider by bolts or other fasteners, which can effectively prevent the workpiece from shifting or loosening due to vibration or external force during the test.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the sliding crossbeam is provided with a connecting seat, and the experimental pressure head is located at the bottom of the connecting seat and is bolted to and fixed to the connecting seat.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the experimental indenter is fixedly connected to the connecting seat by bolts. This connection method is more robust and reliable than traditional bonding, welding or other non-mechanical connection methods. At the same time, different types of experimental indenters can be replaced to adapt to different experimental needs.

[0015] Furthermore, the universal testing machine also includes guide rods, which are located within the installation area and extend along the first direction, with both ends connected to the drive frame; the guide rods are respectively located on both sides of the support mechanism along the second direction and pass through the sliding crossbeam; an auxiliary bearing is provided at the connection between the sliding crossbeam and the guide rods.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the guide rod extends along the first direction and passes through the sliding crossbeam, providing precise guidance for the movement of the sliding crossbeam. The auxiliary bearing reduces the friction between the sliding crossbeam and the guide rod, making the movement of the sliding crossbeam smoother. At the same time, the auxiliary bearing can withstand a certain lateral force, further improving the stability and accuracy of the sliding crossbeam's movement.

[0017] Furthermore, the projections of both the groove and the sliding part along the first direction are inverted T-shaped.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the inverted T-shaped groove and sliding part design form a structure similar to a "dovetail groove" in the first direction. This structure can effectively constrain the movement of the sliding part in the direction perpendicular to the groove (the second direction), preventing lateral displacement or wobbling of the sliding part during sliding. Compared with traditional rectangular grooves or simple sliding fits, the inverted T-shaped structure provides stronger lateral constraints, ensuring more stable and precise movement of the sliding part.

[0019] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided inside the connector to detect the pressure applied by the experimental pressure head.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution and setting up a pressure sensor, the loading force during the test can be accurately controlled, thus ensuring the accuracy of the test data.

[0021] Furthermore, a laser sensor is provided on one side of the sliding crossbeam along a third direction.

[0022] Furthermore, the inner side of the groove is provided with an anti-wear layer. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0024] In the picture:

[0025] 1. Universal testing machine; 10. Drive frame; 100. Installation area; 11. Sliding beam; 12. Test indenter; 13. Connecting seat; 14. Laser sensor; 20. Base; 21. Mounting block; 22. Support seat; 23. First slider; 24. Second slider; 25. Support part; 26. Fixed through hole; 27. Guide rod; 28. Auxiliary bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a universal testing machine 1 according to the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is a universal testing machine 1, comprising:

[0029] The drive frame 10 includes an installation section 100 and a sliding crossbeam 11. The installation section 100 extends along a first direction, and the sliding crossbeam 11 is disposed within the installation section 100. Its two ends along a second direction are correspondingly connected to the inner sides of both ends of the drive frame 10, and are used to drive the sliding crossbeam 11 to move along the first direction through the drive frame 10. The bottom of the sliding crossbeam 11 is provided with a test pressure head 12, which extends along the first direction.

[0030] The base 20 is located at the bottom of the installation area 100 and extends along the first direction;

[0031] The support mechanism includes a mounting block 21, a support base 22, a first slider 23, and a second slider 24. The support base 22 is disposed on the top of the base 20 in a first direction, corresponding to the test pressure head 12. The mounting block 21 is disposed on the top of the support base 22, and the top is provided with a sliding groove extending in a second direction. The first slider 23 and the second slider 24 are symmetrically disposed on the top of the support base 22 in a second direction and are slidably connected with the sliding groove.

[0032] The universal testing machine 1 provided in this application uses a connecting wire to connect the connection end of the drive frame 10 to an external control device, which can drive and adjust the vertical position of the sliding beam 11. The drive frame 10 directly drives the sliding beam 11 to move along the first direction, reducing energy loss and mechanical errors during transmission. This allows for more precise control of the sliding beam 11's speed and position, thereby improving the accuracy and repeatability of the test. The test indenter 12 extends along the first direction; this arrangement ensures that the indenter's movement direction is consistent with that of the sliding beam 11, enabling better transmission of force and displacement. The support mechanism employs a first slider 23 and a second slider 24 symmetrically arranged along the second direction, slidingly connected to the groove on the mounting block 21. Compared to a single slider or fixed support, this symmetrical slider design better disperses and balances the forces generated during the test, while also allowing for adjustable experimental space to accommodate various types of tests.

[0033] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 The first slider 23 and the second slider 24 both include a sliding part and a support part 25. The sliding part is located at the bottom of the first slider 23 and the bottom of the second slider 24 and is adapted to the size of the groove. The support part 25 is located at the top of the first slider 23 and the top of the second slider 24, and is located at the ends of the first slider 23 and the second slider 24 facing each other in the second direction, for bearing the workpiece.

[0034] For example, the sliding portion is located at the bottom of the first slider 23 and the second slider 24 and is adapted to the size of the groove. This design ensures a tight fit between the slider and the groove, effectively reducing gaps and wobble during the sliding process. The support portion 25 is located at the opposite ends of the first slider 23 and the second slider 24. This symmetrical layout ensures that the workpiece is subjected to uniform force during the test.

[0035] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 The first slider 23 and the second slider 24 are both provided with a fixed through hole 26 extending along the first direction. The fixed through hole 26 is provided in accordance with the slide groove along the first direction. The slide groove is provided with a plurality of threaded holes at intervals along the second direction.

[0036] For example, both the first slider 23 and the second slider 24 are provided with fixed through holes 26 extending along the first direction. These through holes are corresponding to the threaded holes on the slide groove. The workpiece is directly fixed on the slider by bolts or other fasteners, which can effectively prevent the workpiece from shifting or loosening due to vibration or external force during the test.

[0037] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 The bottom of the sliding crossbeam 11 is provided with a connecting seat 13, and the test pressure head 12 is located at the bottom of the connecting seat 13 and is bolted to the connecting seat 13.

[0038] For example, the test indenter 12 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 13 by bolts. This connection method is more robust and reliable than traditional bonding, welding or other non-mechanical connection methods. At the same time, different types of test indenters 12 can be replaced to adapt to different experimental needs.

[0039] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 The universal testing machine 1 also includes a guide rod 27, which is located within the installation area 100 and extends along the first direction, with both ends connected to the drive frame 10; the guide rod 27 is located on both sides of the support mechanism along the second direction and passes through the sliding crossbeam 11; an auxiliary bearing 28 is provided at the connection between the sliding crossbeam 11 and the guide rod 27.

[0040] For example, the guide rod 27 extends along the first direction and passes through the sliding beam 11, providing precise guidance for the movement of the sliding beam 11. The auxiliary bearing 28 reduces the friction between the sliding beam 11 and the guide rod 27, making the movement of the sliding beam 11 smoother. At the same time, the auxiliary bearing 28 can withstand a certain lateral force, further improving the stability and accuracy of the movement of the sliding beam 11.

[0041] In this embodiment, the projections of both the groove and the sliding part along the first direction are inverted T-shaped.

[0042] For example, the inverted T-shaped groove and sliding part design form a "dovetail groove"-like structure in the first direction. This structure can effectively constrain the movement of the sliding part in the direction perpendicular to the groove (the second direction), preventing lateral displacement or wobbling of the sliding part during sliding. Compared with traditional rectangular grooves or simple sliding fits, the inverted T-shaped structure provides stronger lateral constraint, ensuring more stable and precise movement of the sliding part.

[0043] In this embodiment, a pressure sensor is provided in the connecting seat 13 to detect the pressure applied by the experimental pressure head 12.

[0044] For example, by setting up a pressure sensor, it is possible to accurately control the loading force during the test, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test data.

[0045] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 A laser sensor 14 is provided on one side of the sliding crossbeam 11 along the third direction.

[0046] For example, the sliding beam 11 is equipped with a laser displacement sensor. When it is necessary to detect the bending deformation of the workpiece, the operator places the workpiece flat on the two support parts 25, and then moves the sliding beam 11 toward the workpiece by driving the frame 10. The test pressure head 12 will abut against the workpiece and apply pressure, causing the workpiece to gradually bend and deform. The laser displacement sensor can accurately measure the vertical displacement of a point on the structure, i.e., deflection measurement. Deflection can directly reflect the deformation of the structure after being subjected to force, which is convenient for comparison with design specifications and safety standards. In the case of small deformation (i.e., the deflection is much smaller than the span of the structure), there is an approximate relationship between deflection and bending arc. According to the theory of elasticity, for a beam with small deformation, its bending arc k can be approximated by the second derivative of the deflection: k≈d²*w / dx², where w is the deflection and x is the coordinate along the beam axis. This approximation relationship allows the bending arc to be indirectly calculated by measuring the deflection, thereby simplifying the analysis process.

[0047] In this embodiment, the inner side of the groove is provided with an anti-wear layer.

[0048] For example, the wear-resistant layer can effectively reduce direct friction between the sliding part and the inner side of the groove. During frequent sliding, the material on the inner side of the groove is easily worn due to friction, resulting in decreased groove accuracy and increased clearance. The wear-resistant layer, through its wear-resistant properties, significantly slows down this wear process, thereby extending the service life of the groove.

[0049] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of this utility model. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of this utility model and implement it. They cannot be used to limit the protection scope of this utility model. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of this utility model should be covered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A universal testing machine, characterized in that, include: A drive frame includes an installation section and a sliding crossbeam. The installation section extends along a first direction, and the sliding crossbeam is disposed within the installation section. Its two ends along a second direction are correspondingly connected to the inner sides of both ends of the drive frame, and are used to drive the sliding crossbeam to move along the first direction via the drive frame. A test pressure head is provided at the bottom of the sliding crossbeam, and the test pressure head extends along the first direction. A base is located at the bottom of the installation area and extends along the first direction; The support mechanism includes a mounting block, a support base, a first slider, and a second slider. The support base is disposed on the top of the base along the first direction, corresponding to the experimental pressure head. The mounting block is disposed on the top of the support base, and the top is provided with a sliding groove extending along the second direction. The first slider and the second slider are symmetrically disposed on the top of the support base along the second direction and are slidably connected with the sliding groove.

2. The universal testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first slider and the second slider include a sliding part and a supporting part. The sliding part is located at the bottom of the first slider and the bottom of the second slider and is adapted to the size of the groove. The supporting part is located at the top of the first slider and the top of the second slider, and is located at the ends of the first slider and the second slider facing each other along the second direction, for supporting the workpiece.

3. The universal testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first slider and the second slider are provided with a fixed through hole extending along the first direction. The fixed through hole is provided in accordance with the slide groove along the first direction. The slide groove is provided with a plurality of threaded holes spaced apart along the second direction.

4. The universal testing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the sliding crossbeam is provided with a connecting seat, and the experimental pressure head is located at the bottom of the connecting seat and is bolted to the connecting seat for fixation.

5. The universal testing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes guide rods, which are located within the installation area and extend along the first direction, with both ends connected to the drive frame; the guide rods are respectively located on both sides of the support mechanism along the second direction and pass through the sliding crossbeam; an auxiliary bearing is provided at the connection between the sliding crossbeam and the guide rod.

6. The universal testing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The projections of both the groove and the sliding part along the first direction are inverted T-shaped.

7. The universal testing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connector is equipped with a pressure sensor to detect the pressure applied by the experimental pressure head.

8. The universal testing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, A laser sensor is provided on one side of the sliding crossbeam along a third direction.

9. The universal testing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner side of the groove is provided with an anti-wear layer.

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