Photovoltaic module level turn-off device based on temperature sensing protection mechanism
By using a photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism, combined with hardware and software monitoring, self-shutdown at the photovoltaic module level is achieved. This solves the safety hazard problem of shutdown devices being damaged or exposed to high temperatures in existing technologies, and improves the safety and stability of the photovoltaic system.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- AICHANG HUIZHI (SUZHOU) NEW ENERGY HIGH-TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing photovoltaic module shutdown devices cannot accurately detect damage or high temperatures, leading to safety hazards and failing to shut off in a timely manner, thus posing a safety risk.
A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism is adopted. The temperature of the shutdown device is monitored by a temperature fuse and a processor. A fast switching unit and a bypass diode are configured to achieve self-shutdown protection by combining hardware and software.
It achieves hardware-level self-shutdown in the event of switch failure, reducing safety hazards and improving the safety and stability of photovoltaic systems. It also has temperature detection capabilities, enabling real-time monitoring of equipment status and timely shutdown.
Smart Images
Figure CN224164621U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism. Background Technology
[0002] Due to the renewable and clean nature of solar energy, photovoltaic grid-connected power generation technology has developed rapidly. Currently, photovoltaic systems consist of multiple photovoltaic modules connected in series to form a photovoltaic string, which is then converted into alternating current by an inverter before being transmitted to the power grid. However, the DC voltage generated by the series-connected photovoltaic module array is very high and poses a significant safety hazard. To improve the safety of photovoltaic systems, it is required that the photovoltaic module array can quickly shut off the voltage of all modules in the array in the event of sudden situations such as arcing or open flames, thereby rapidly reducing the DC high voltage of the entire power station and minimizing the impact.
[0003] In the existing technology, a shutdown device is connected to the back of each photovoltaic module to control the power output of each photovoltaic module. Under normal circumstances, this can meet the module-level shutdown requirements. However, when the shutdown device itself is damaged, overheated, or even on fire, it cannot have the fine-grained perception and judgment function to detect itself, thus still posing a great safety risk.
[0004] When the component shutdown device fails, the internal system cannot detect the device failure. The MOSFET is in a short circuit state between its source and drain, causing the individual shutdown device to be in an unsafe state. The damaged shutdown device cannot be turned off, and the voltage of the entire string still cannot drop to the safe voltage. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism, which monitors the internal temperature of the shutdown device and promptly shuts down the MOS (M1, M2) when the internal temperature is abnormal, so that the shutdown device is in an absolutely safe and controllable state.
[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is to propose a photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism, which is used to control the photovoltaic module string connected to it in a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic module string includes at least two photovoltaic modules connected in series. The photovoltaic module-level shutdown device includes a thermal fuse, a processor, a shutdown device and a fast switching unit. The thermal fuse and the shutdown device are connected in series in the circuit of each photovoltaic module, and the thermal fuse is attached to the surface of the shutdown device. When the operating temperature of the shutdown device melts the thermal fuse, the circuit of the photovoltaic module is disconnected.
[0007] Each of the circuit switches on the photovoltaic module is equipped with a fast switching unit. Each fast switching unit is electrically connected to the processor. When the processor turns off the circuit switch on the photovoltaic module through the fast switching unit, the circuit of the photovoltaic module is disconnected.
[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a bypass diode, with each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic module string being equipped with the bypass diode, which is used to supply freewheeling power to the subsequent output.
[0009] Furthermore, one end of the bypass diode is connected to the positive terminal of the photovoltaic module, and the other end of the bypass diode is connected to the negative terminal of the photovoltaic module. The negative terminal of the photovoltaic module is connected to the positive terminal of the subsequent photovoltaic module, so that when the circuit of the photovoltaic module is disconnected, the bypass diode provides freewheeling power to the subsequent photovoltaic module.
[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a temperature sampling unit, each of the photovoltaic modules is equipped with the temperature sampling unit, the temperature sampling unit is electrically connected to the processor, the temperature sampling unit is located near the temperature fuse or the shutdown device, or is located on the attachment surface of the temperature fuse.
[0011] Furthermore, the processor is used to turn off the switch on the circuit of the photovoltaic module through the fast switching unit based on the detection data of the temperature sampling unit.
[0012] Furthermore, the temperature sampling unit includes a first detection area and a second detection area. The temperature fuse is placed in the first detection area, and a first detection head is provided in the first detection area. The first detection head is used to detect the operating temperature of the temperature fuse. The circuit breaker is placed in the second detection area, and a second detection head is provided in the second detection area. The second detection head is used to detect the operating temperature of the circuit breaker.
[0013] Furthermore, the photovoltaic module string includes a first module and a second module, which are connected in series. The first module is equipped with a first detection unit, a first fuse, a first shutdown device, and a first fast switch. The second module is equipped with a second detection unit, a second fuse, a second shutdown device, and a second fast switch. The first detection unit and the second detection unit are electrically connected to the processor. The first fast switch and the second fast switch are electrically connected to the processor. The first fast switch is electrically connected to the first shutdown device, and the second fast switch is electrically connected to the second shutdown device.
[0014] Furthermore, the first fuse and the first circuit breaker are connected in series in the circuit of the first component, the first fuse is attached to the surface of the first circuit breaker, and the first detection unit is located near the first fuse or the first circuit breaker, or is located on the attached surface of the first fuse; the second fuse and the second circuit breaker are connected in series in the circuit of the second component, the second fuse is attached to the surface of the second circuit breaker, and the second detection unit is located near the second fuse or the second circuit breaker, or is located on the attached surface of the second fuse.
[0015] Furthermore, the switch is a switching MOS, with its source (S) and drain (D) terminals connected in series to the circuit of the photovoltaic module, and its gate (G) terminal electrically connected to the fast switching unit.
[0016] Furthermore, a coupling inductor is connected in series on the negative terminal of the last photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic module string.
[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0018] This invention proposes a photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism, which has a hardware-level temperature sensing shutdown mechanism. It can further realize hardware-level self-shutdown when both the shutdown device and the controller fail, thus eliminating dangerous situations.
[0019] It has a temperature detection function, which can detect the temperature of the equipment at the software level, monitor the equipment's operating status in real time, make judgments based on thresholds to shut down the equipment, reduce safety hazards, and upload and repair information in a timely manner.
[0020] The switch of this utility model supports a hardware self-shutdown protection mechanism, which adds a hardware protection mechanism on the basis of software protection, thereby improving product safety. Attached Figure Description
[0021] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention. In these drawings, similar reference numerals are used to denote similar elements. The drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Other drawings will be readily available to those skilled in the art based on these drawings without any inventive effort.
[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the temperature sampling unit NTC;
[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a fast switching unit. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model and the prior art, the specific implementation methods of this utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Furthermore, the design orientation only indicates the relative positional relationship between the components, not the absolute positional relationship.
[0026] This utility model provides a photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism, used in a photovoltaic system to control a photovoltaic module string connected to it. The photovoltaic module string includes at least two photovoltaic modules connected in series. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The photovoltaic module-level shutdown device includes a thermal fuse, a processor U, a shutdown device, and a fast switching unit. Each photovoltaic module circuit has a thermal fuse and a shutdown device connected in series, and the thermal fuse is attached to the surface of the shutdown device. When the operating temperature of the shutdown device melts the thermal fuse, the photovoltaic module circuit is disconnected.
[0027] Each photovoltaic module's circuit breaker is equipped with a fast switching unit. Each fast switching unit is electrically connected to the processor U. When the processor U turns off the circuit breaker on the photovoltaic module's circuit through the fast switching unit, the photovoltaic module's circuit is disconnected.
[0028] In the embodiments of this application, the circuit of the photovoltaic module is disconnected only for the current photovoltaic module, while the circuits of the subsequent photovoltaic modules remain in a conducting state. A bypass conduction can be configured for the circuit of each photovoltaic module so that when the circuit of a certain photovoltaic module is disconnected, the circuits of the subsequent photovoltaic modules can still remain in a conducting state.
[0029] Specifically, bypass diodes can be set, and each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic module string is equipped with a bypass diode. The bypass diode is used to provide freewheeling power to the output of the subsequent stage.
[0030] For example, one end of the bypass diode is connected to the positive terminal of the photovoltaic module, and the other end of the bypass diode is connected to the negative terminal of the photovoltaic module, so that the bypass diode forms a branch in parallel with the circuit of the photovoltaic module. It is connected in parallel with other electronic components in the circuit of the photovoltaic module. When the circuit of the photovoltaic module is disconnected, the branch is still conducting and can provide follow current power to the downstream photovoltaic module.
[0031] Based on the series connection between photovoltaic modules, the negative terminal of a photovoltaic module is connected to the positive terminal of the subsequent photovoltaic module. When the circuit of the photovoltaic module in this stage is disconnected, the subsequent photovoltaic module is supplied with freewheeling power through the bypass diode.
[0032] In this application, the photovoltaic module-level shutdown device includes the following two shutdown behaviors:
[0033] One method is based on the hardware itself for shutdown, which is a passive shutdown. Specifically, a thermal fuse is connected in series with the shutdown device, and the thermal fuse is attached to the shutdown device. When the shutdown device fails and short-circuits, the temperature of the shutdown device rises rapidly, blowing the thermal fuse to break the circuit.
[0034] The second method is software-based shutdown, which is an active shutdown mechanism. Specifically, a shutdown threshold can be set with specific parameters. By detecting this parameter, when the parameter reaches the shutdown threshold, the shutdown device is disconnected via a fast switching unit, thereby breaking the circuit.
[0035] In one specific embodiment, the specific parameter is preferably temperature, and the detection object can be a thermal fuse or a circuit breaker. Each photovoltaic module can be equipped with a temperature sampling unit, which is electrically connected to the processor. The temperature sampling unit can be located near the thermal fuse or circuit breaker, or located on the attachment surface of the thermal fuse, to detect the operating temperature of the thermal fuse or circuit breaker nearby, so as to facilitate active real-time shutdown behavior.
[0036] Based on active shutdown, the processor can disconnect the current photovoltaic module circuit by turning off the switch on the circuit through the fast switching unit according to the detection data of the temperature sampling unit.
[0037] Furthermore, the temperature sampling unit can simultaneously detect the temperature of the thermal fuse and the circuit breaker. Specifically, the temperature detection data of the thermal fuse is used as a loop status monitoring, and the temperature detection data of the circuit breaker is used as the basis for active shutdown, or the two sets of temperature detection data are combined as the basis for active shutdown.
[0038] In one feasible embodiment, the temperature sampling unit includes a first detection area and a second detection area. A temperature fuse is placed in the first detection area, and a first detection head is provided in the first detection area for detecting the operating temperature of the temperature fuse. A circuit breaker is placed in the second detection area, and a second detection head is provided in the second detection area for detecting the operating temperature of the circuit breaker.
[0039] The operating temperature of the thermal fuse is used as the circuit status monitoring of the photovoltaic module to determine whether the circuit is open; the operating temperature of the circuit breaker is used as the basis for active shutdown. When the operating temperature of the circuit breaker reaches the set shutdown threshold, active shutdown can be implemented.
[0040] In the embodiments of this application, the switch can be a switching MOS, with the source (S) and drain (D) of the switching MOS connected in series to the circuit of the photovoltaic module, and the gate (G) of the switching MOS electrically connected to the fast switching unit.
[0041] A temperature detection unit is set at each switch MOS, which can detect whether there is any damage by detecting the temperature of the switch MOS and promptly shut down the switch through the processor.
[0042] In this application, the photovoltaic module string includes multiple photovoltaic modules connected in series. A coupling inductor L can be connected in series on the negative terminal of the last photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic module string. When the current demand of the downstream photovoltaic module increases instantaneously, the current change will cause power supply instability. However, the characteristics of the coupling inductor L itself determine that the current flowing through the inductor cannot change abruptly, which can effectively protect the stability of the power supply of the entire system.
[0043] Please see Figure 1 The following diagram illustrates and explains the process, using a photovoltaic module string consisting of two photovoltaic modules connected in series as an example.
[0044] The photovoltaic module string includes a first module PV1 and a second module PV2, which are connected in series. The series connection is such that the negative terminal of the first module PV1 is connected in series with the positive terminal of the second module PV2.
[0045] The first component PV1 is equipped with a first detection unit N1, a first fuse F1, a first shut-off device M1, and a first fast switch S1. The second component PV2 is equipped with a second detection unit N2, a second fuse F2, a second shut-off device M2, and a second fast switch S2. The first detection unit N1 and the second detection unit N2 are electrically connected to the processor U. The first fast switch S1 and the second fast switch S2 are electrically connected to the processor U. The first fast switch S1 is electrically connected to the first shut-off device M1, and the second fast switch S2 is electrically connected to the second shut-off device M2.
[0046] The first fuse F1 and the first circuit breaker M1 are connected in series in the circuit of the first component PV1. Specifically, the first fuse F1 can be connected in series with the source (S) or drain (D) terminal of the first circuit breaker M1. The first fuse F1 is attached to the surface of the first circuit breaker M1. The first detection unit N1 is located near the first fuse F1 or the first circuit breaker M1, or is located on the attachment surface of the first fuse F1. The attachment surface of the first circuit breaker M1 can be the surface to which the first fuse F1 is attached or other surfaces suitable for attaching the first fuse F1.
[0047] The second fuse F2 and the second circuit breaker M1 are connected in series in the circuit of the second component PV2. The series connection position of the second fuse F2 is the same as that of the first fuse F1. The second fuse F2 is attached to the surface of the second circuit breaker M2. The second detection unit N2 is located near the second fuse F2 or the second circuit breaker M2, or is located on the attached surface of the second fuse F2.
[0048] Correspondingly, the first component PV1 is equipped with a first bypass diode D1, and the second component PV2 is equipped with a second bypass diode D2, such as... Figure 1 As shown, one end of the first bypass diode D1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal OUT+ of the voltage output of the PV component connected in series and the positive terminal PV1+ of the first component PV1, and the other end of the first bypass diode D1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal PV2+ of the second component PV2; one end of the second bypass diode D2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal PV2+ of the second component PV2, and the other end of the second bypass diode D2 is electrically connected to the negative terminal OUT- of the voltage output of the PV component connected in series.
[0049] The coupling inductor L can be located at the negative terminal of the second component PV2, specifically between the connection point of the other end of the second bypass diode D2 and the negative terminal OUT- of the voltage output of the PV component connected in series.
[0050] The NTC temperature sampling unit monitors the internal temperature of the circuit breaker in real time. When the switching MOSFET is working normally, the internal heat is not high. However, if the switching MOSFET malfunctions and is at risk of damage, its losses will increase, manifesting as a rapid rise in temperature. The processor U can then read the specific temperature value to make control decisions and protect the circuit breaker from damage. The detected temperature information is uploaded to the controller / host computer, which can then issue a shutdown command to stop the entire series of related circuit breakers from outputting power. This information is then uploaded to the platform, allowing maintenance personnel to promptly perform repairs.
[0051] In one feasible embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 When the temperature sampling unit NTC is applied to different photovoltaic modules, it is divided into a first detection unit N1 and a second detection unit N2. The temperature sampling circuits of the first detection unit N1 and the second detection unit N2 can be completely identical. The temperature sampling unit can be implemented by a temperature resistor NTC1, a pull-down resistor R1, and a filter capacitor C1. The pull-down resistor R1 has a resistance of 10 kΩ, the filter capacitor C1 has a rated capacitance of 100 nF, and the resistor NTC1 is a temperature resistor, corresponding to 10 kΩ at a normal temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. The resistance decreases as the temperature increases, making it more accurate for high-temperature sampling.
[0052] The fast switching unit is used to control the on / off state of the switching MOS. When the product is running normally, the fast switching unit is turned on, and the power supply forms a conduction path from the positive terminal to the negative terminal, and a power output path from VOUT+ to VOUT-. When it is necessary to cut off the power output, the fast switching unit is turned off, and the power supply path from the positive terminal to the negative terminal is disconnected, which causes the output path from VOUT+ to VOUT- to also be disconnected, and it cannot output to the subsequent stage.
[0053] In one feasible embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 The number of fast switching units is the same as the number of turn-off units. When fast switching units are applied to different photovoltaic modules, they are distinguished as fast switching unit 1 and fast switching unit 2, specifically as first fast switch S1 and second fast switch S2. The implementation circuits of first fast switch S1 and second fast switch S2 can be completely identical. The fast switching unit can be implemented based on a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and a MOSFET Q1. The resistance value of the first resistor R1 can be 10KΩ, the second resistor 100KΩ, and the third resistor 10KΩ. The first resistor R1 is connected to the GPIO port of the logic control (processor). When GPIO is high, MOSFET Q1 is turned on, and a low-level signal is supplied to the switch MOSFET, turning it off. When GPIO is low, MOSFET Q1 is turned off, and the level supplied to the switch MOSFET is VCC level, i.e., high level, turning it on. Since the switching speed of the MOSFET is very fast, this circuit can realize the fast switching function.
[0054] In this application, the first component PV1 and the second component PV2 can be simultaneously input voltage. The negative terminal of the first component PV1 and the positive terminal of the second component PV2 are connected together through the internal circuit to form a series circuit. The output voltage is the sum of the voltage of the first component PV1 and the voltage of the second component PV2. At the same time, the first component PV1 and the second component PV2 can be controlled to turn on and off by their respective fast switching units, so as to avoid the instability of the subsequent output caused by abnormalities at the component input terminals.
[0055] In the embodiments of this application, the switching MOS can be placed on the negative power supply line to directly control the power input and output on and off. At the same time, it reduces the probability of switching MOS failure and improves the service life of the product.
[0056] Two fast switches are connected by a logic controller / processor U. Each fast switch unit controls the switching MOS of its corresponding photovoltaic module, so that the two photovoltaic modules are independently controlled and can be turned off separately when one module malfunctions.
[0057] In the embodiments of this application, the thermal fuse (FUSE) can be a temperature-type fuse. The two pins inside the fuse are connected by a special alloy. This alloy is particularly sensitive to temperature. When the temperature exceeds the alloy's withstand threshold, the alloy will automatically disconnect. The fuses (F1, F2) are attached to the surface of the MOS (M1, M2). When the switching MOS is working normally, the surface temperature will be much lower than the withstand threshold, and the fuse will not malfunction (blow out). However, after the switching MOS is damaged, the surface temperature will rise rapidly, and the temperature will be conducted to the fuse attached to the switching MOS, thereby triggering the fuse to automatically disconnect (blow out).
[0058] In the embodiments of this application, bypass diodes (D1, D2) are used to conduct when the input of the photovoltaic module fails, constructing a bypass for a single photovoltaic module. Through D1 and D2, the output of the subsequent stage is supplied with freewheeling power, so that the entire system is not affected by the failure of a single shutdown device. In this circuit, when the first module PV1 malfunctions, the switch MOS (M1) is turned off. At this time, the power supply of the second module PV2 flows to the output OUT+ through the first bypass diode D1, and the output voltage of the entire module is equal to the input voltage of module 2. Similarly, when the second module PV2 malfunctions, the switch MOS (M2) is turned off. At this time, the power supply of the first module PV1 flows to the output OUT- through the second bypass diode D2, and the output voltage of the entire module is equal to the input voltage of module 1.
[0059] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.
[0060] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature-sensing protection mechanism, used in a photovoltaic system to control a string of photovoltaic modules connected thereto, the photovoltaic module string comprising at least two photovoltaic modules connected in series, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module-level shutdown device includes a thermal fuse, a processor, a shutdown device, and a fast switching unit. The thermal fuse and the shutdown device are connected in series in the circuit of each photovoltaic module, and the thermal fuse is attached to the surface of the shutdown device. When the operating temperature of the shutdown device melts the thermal fuse, the circuit of the photovoltaic module is disconnected. Each of the circuit switches on the photovoltaic module is equipped with a fast switching unit. Each fast switching unit is electrically connected to the processor. When the processor turns off the circuit switch on the photovoltaic module through the fast switching unit, the circuit of the photovoltaic module is disconnected.
2. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a bypass diode, with each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic module string equipped with the bypass diode, which is used to supply freewheeling power to the subsequent output.
3. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the bypass diode is connected to the positive terminal of the photovoltaic module, and the other end of the bypass diode is connected to the negative terminal of the photovoltaic module. The negative terminal of the photovoltaic module is connected to the positive terminal of the subsequent photovoltaic module, so that when the circuit of the photovoltaic module is disconnected, the subsequent photovoltaic module is supplied with freewheeling power through the bypass diode.
4. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature sampling unit, each of the photovoltaic modules is equipped with the temperature sampling unit, the temperature sampling unit is electrically connected to the processor, the temperature sampling unit is located near the temperature fuse or the shut-off device, or is located on the attachment surface of the temperature fuse.
5. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The processor is used to turn off the switch on the circuit of the photovoltaic module through the fast switching unit based on the detection data of the temperature sampling unit.
6. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature sampling unit includes a first detection area and a second detection area. The temperature fuse is placed in the first detection area, and a first detection head is provided in the first detection area. The first detection head is used to detect the operating temperature of the temperature fuse. The circuit breaker is placed in the second detection area, and a second detection head is provided in the second detection area. The second detection head is used to detect the operating temperature of the circuit breaker.
7. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module string includes a first module and a second module, which are connected in series. The first module is equipped with a first detection unit, a first fuse, a first shutdown device, and a first fast switch. The second module is equipped with a second detection unit, a second fuse, a second shutdown device, and a second fast switch. The first and second detection units are electrically connected to the processor. The first and second fast switches are electrically connected to the processor. The first fast switch is electrically connected to the first shutdown device, and the second fast switch is electrically connected to the second shutdown device.
8. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first fuse and the first circuit breaker are connected in series in the circuit of the first component. The first fuse is attached to the surface of the first circuit breaker. The first detection unit is located near the first fuse or the first circuit breaker, or is located on the attached surface of the first fuse. The second fuse and the second circuit breaker are connected in series in the circuit of the second component. The second fuse is attached to the surface of the second circuit breaker. The second detection unit is located near the second fuse or the second circuit breaker, or is located on the attached surface of the second fuse.
9. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switch is a switching MOS, with its source (S) and drain (D) terminals connected in series to the circuit of the photovoltaic module, and its gate (G) terminal electrically connected to the fast switching unit.
10. A photovoltaic module-level shutdown device based on a temperature sensing protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, A coupled inductor is connected in series with the negative terminal of the last photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic module string.